Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3304
The Year 218 AH
ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ 1234 - إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِقْسَمٍ، أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ. كَانَ أَحَدَ الْمُتَكَلِّمِينَ الْقَائِلِينَ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ. عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ لَيْلَةً مِنْ مَسْجِدِ مِصْرَ وَقَدْ صَلَّى الْعَتَمَةَ وَهُوَ فِي زُقَاقِ الْقَنَادِيلِ وَمَعَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: إِنِّي قَرَأْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ سُورَةَ الْأَنْعَامِ، فَرَأَيْتُ بَعْضَهَا يَنْقُضُ بَعْضًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مَا لَمْ تَرَ أَكْثَرَ. تُوُفِّيَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِبَغْدَادَ لَيْلَةَ عَرَفَةَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بِمِصْرَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَبْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. 1235 - إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي زَرْعَةَ وَهْبُ اللَّهِ، ابْنُ رَاشِدٍ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، يُكَنَّى أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ. كَانَ إِمَامَ مَسْجِدِ الْجَامِعِ بِالْفُسْطَاطِ، تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 1236 - بِشْرُ بْنُ آدَمَ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الضَّرِيرُ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ خَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُ رَوَى عَنْهُ: ابْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ، وَالدُّورِيُّ، وَالْحَرْبِيُّ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ: هُوَ صَدُوقٌ. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 1237 - بِشْرُ بْنُ غِيَاثِ بْنِ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ [الْمَعْرُوفُ] بِالْمَرِّيسِيِّ. [كَانَ شَيْخًا فَقِيرًا فَقِيهًا، دَمِيمَ الْمَنْظَرِ، وَسِخَ الثِّيَابِ، يُشْبِهُ الْيَهُودَ] كَانَ يَسْكُنُ فِي الدَّرْبِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِهِ، وَيُسَمَّى دَرْبَ الْمَرِّيسِيِّ، وَهُوَ بَيْنَ نَهْرِ الدَّجَاجِ وَنَهْرِ الْبَزَّازِينَ، سَمِعَ الْفِقْهَ مِنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ اشْتَغَلَ بِالْكَلَامِ، وَجَرَّدَ الْقَوْلَ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَكَانَ أَبُو زَرْعَةَ [الرَّازِيُّ] يَقُولُ: بِشْرُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ زِنْدِيقٌ. وَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ: هُوَ كَافِرٌ حَلَالُ الدَّمِ يُقْتَلُ. قَالَ هَارُونَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ بِشْرًا الْمَرِّيسِيَّ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ مَخْلُوقٌ، لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ إِنْ أَظْفَرَنِي بِهِ لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُ قِتْلَةً مَا قَتَلَهَا أَحَدٌ قَطُّ. قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ: دَخَلَ حُمَيْدٌ الطُّوسِيُّ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَعِنْدَهُ بِشْرٌ الْمَرِّيسِيُّ، فَقَالَ حُمَيْدٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَذَا سَيِّدُ الْفُقَهَاءِ، هَذَا [قَدْ] رَفَعَ عَذَابَ الْقَبْرِ وَمَسْأَلَةَ مُنْكَرٍ وَنَكِيرٍ، وَالْمِيزَانَ، وَالصِّرَاطَ، [انْظُرْ هَلْ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ الْمَوْتَ؟] ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَى بِشْرٍ، وَقَالَ: لَوْ رَفَعْتَ الْمَوْتَ كُنْتَ سَيِّدَ الْفُقَهَاءِ حَقًّا. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ ظِبْيَانَ الْقَاضِي: قَالَ لِي بِشْرٌ الْمَرِّيسِيُّ: الْقَوْلُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَوْلُ مَنْ خَالَفَنِي أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ. قُلْتُ: فَارْجِعْ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَرْجِعُ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ قُلْتُهُ مُنْذُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وَوَضَعْتُ فِيهِ الْكُتُبَ، وَاحْتَجَجْتُ فِيهِ بِالْحُجَجِ. قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ: جَاءَتْ أُمُّ بِشْرٍ الْمَرِّيسِيُّ إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ ؓ فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَرَى ابْنِي يَهَابُكَ وَيُحِبُّكَ، وَإِذَا ذُكِرْتَ عِنْدَهُ أَجَلَّكَ، فَلَوْ نَهَيْتَهُ عَنْ هَذَا الرَّأْيِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ، فَقَدْ عَادَاهُ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَتَكَلَّمُ فِي شَيْءٍ يُوَالِيهِ النَّاسُ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَفْعَلُ. فَشَهِدْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ وَقَدْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِشْرٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَمَّا تَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ أَكِتَابٌ نَاطِقٌ أَمْ فَرْضٌ مُفْتَرَضٌ، أَمْ سُنَّةٌ قَائِمَةٌ، أَمْ وُجُوبٌ عَنِ السَّلَفِ الْبَحْثُ فِيهِ وَالسُّؤَالُ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ بِشْرٌ: لَيْسَ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ نَاطِقٌ، وَلَا فَرْضٌ مُفْتَرَضٌ، وَلَا سُنَّةٌ قَائِمَةٌ، وَلَا وُجُوبَ عَنِ السَّلَفِ الْبَحْثُ فِيهِ وَالسُّؤَالُ عَنْهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَا يَسَعُنَا خِلَافُهُ. فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَقْرَرْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ بِالْخَطَأِ، فَأَيْنَ أَنْتَ عَنِ الْكَلَامِ فِي الْفِقْهِ وَالْأَخْبَارِ، يُوَالِيكَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ وَتَتْرُكُ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: لَنَا نُهْمَةٌ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ بِشْرٌ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَا يُفْلِحُ. [عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ السِّكِّينِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا يَعْقُوبَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَقُولُ: مَرَرْتُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ، فَإِذَا بِشْرٌ الْمَرِّيسِيُّ وَالنَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ مُجْتَمِعُونَ، فَمَرَّ يَهُودِيٌّ، فَأَنَا سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: لَا يُفْسِدُ عَلَيْكُمْ كِتَابَكُمْ كَمَا أَفْسَدَ أَبُوهُ عَلَيْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ. يَعْنِي: أَنَّ أَبَاهُ يَهُودِيًّا]. تُوُفِّيَ بِشْرٌ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَكَانَ الصِّبْيَانُ يَتَعَادُونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْجِنَازَةِ وَيَقُولُونَ: مَنْ يَكْتُبُ إِلَى مَالِكٍ؟ مَنْ يَكْتُبُ إِلَى مَالِكٍ ؟ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الرَّازِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ بِشْرٌ الْمَرِّيسِيُّ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ جِنَازَتَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ السَّنَةَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا عُبَيْدٌ الشَّوْنَيْزِيُّ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ مِنْ جِنَازَةِ الْمَرِّيسِيِّ لَامُوهُ، فَقَالَ: أَنْظِرُونِي حَتَّى أُخْبِرَكُمْ: مَا شَهِدْتُ جِنَازَةً رَجَوْتُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مَا رَجَوْتُ فِي هَذِهِ، قُمْتُ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ عَبْدَكَ هَذَا كَانَ لَا يُؤْمِنُ [بِرُؤْيَتِكَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، اللَّهُمَّ فَاحْجُبْهُ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى وَجْهِكَ يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْكَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ هَذَا كَانَ لَا يُؤْمِنُ] بِعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ فَعَذِّبْهُ الْيَوْمَ فِي قَبْرِهِ عَذَابًا لَمْ تُعَذِّبْهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ. اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ هَذَا كَانَ يُنْكِرُ [الْمِيزَانَ، اللَّهُمَّ فَخَفِّفْ مِيزَانَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ هَذَا كَانَ يُنْكِرُ] الشَّفَاعَةَ اللَّهُمَّ وَلَا تُشَفِّعْ فِيهِ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، قَالَ: فَسَكَتُوا عَنْهُ وَضَحِكُوا. قَالَ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ: جَاءَ مَوْتُ هَذَا الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ الْمَرِّيسِيُّ وَأَنَا فِي السُّوقِ، فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَوْضِعَ شُهْرَةٍ لَكَانَ مَوْضِعَ شُكْرٍ وَسُجُودٍ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَمَاتَهُ هَكَذَا. قَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّكَّرِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ [بْنَ الدَّوْرَقِيِّ] يَقُولُ: مَاتَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جِيرَانِنَا شَابٌّ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فِي النَّوْمِ وَقَدْ شَابَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا قِصَّتُكَ؟ قَالَ: دُفِنَ بِشْرٌ فِي مَقْبَرَتِنَا، فَزَفَرَتْ جَهَنَّمُ زَفْرَةً شَابَ مِنْهَا كُلُّ مَنْ فِي الْمَقْبَرَةِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي أَخْبَارِ زُبَيْدَةَ مِثْلَهُ. 1239 - عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الذُّهْلِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ النَّحْوِيُّ. يَرْوِي مَغَازِيَ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَكَّائِيِّ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. تُوُفِّيَ بِمِصْرَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 1240 - عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ الْغَسَّانِيُّ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَسَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ وَغَيْرَهُ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، عَالِمًا بِالْمَغَازِي وَأَيَّامَ النَّاسِ، حَمَلَهُ الْمَأْمُونُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ أَيَّامَ الْمِحْنَةِ. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا مُسْهِرٍ، لَقَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَكَانٍ، حُمِلَ عَلَى الْمِحْنَةِ، وَحُمِلَ عَلَى السَّيْفِ، فَمَدَّ رَأَسَهُ وَجَرَّدَ السَّيْفَ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يُجِيبَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا ذَلِكَ حَمَلَهُ إِلَى السِّجْنِ، وَسَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا مُسْهِرٍ؛ لَقَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَكَانٍ، مَا كَانَ أَثْبَتَهُ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: شَخَصَ أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ مِنْ دِمَشْقَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ وَهُوَ بِالرِّقَّةِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ فَقَالَ: كَلَامُ اللَّهِ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَقُولَ مَخْلُوقٌ، فَدُعِيَ لَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ وَالنِّطَعِ لِيُضْرَبَ عُنُقُهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ: مَخْلُوقٌ، فَتَرَكَهُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَقَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ قُلْتَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَدْعُوَ لَكَ بِالسَّيْفِ لَقَبِلْتُ مِنْكَ وَرَدَدْتُكَ إِلَى بِلَادِكَ وَأَهْلِكَ، وَلَكِنَّكَ تَخْرُجُ [الْآنَ] فَتَقُولُ: قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَرَقًا مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، أَشْخِصُوهُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ، فَاحْبِسُوهُ بِهَا حَتَّى يَمُوتَ. فَأُشْخِصَ مِنَ الرِّقَّةِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ مِنْ سَنَةِ ثَمَانَ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَحُبِسَ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى مَاتَ فِي غِرَّةِ رَجَبٍ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ. قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: وَدُفِنَ بِبَابِ التِّينِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ تِسْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. 1241 - عَلِيٌّ الْجَرْجَرَائِيُّ. كَانَ يَنْزِلُ جَبَلَ لُبْنَانَ. قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ بِشْرًا الْحَافِيَ يَقُولُ: لَقِيتُ [عَلِيًّا] الْجَرْجَرَائِيَّ بِجَبَلِ لُبْنَانَ عَلَى عَيْنِ مَاءٍ، قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَنِي قَالَ: بِذَنْبٍ مِنِّي لَقِيتُ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا، فَعَدَوْتُ خَلْفَهُ، وَقُلْتُ: أَوْصِنِي، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيَا وَقَالَ: أَمُسْتَوْصٍ أَنْتَ؟ عَانِقِ الْفَقْرَ، وَعَاشِرِ الصَّبْرَ، وَعَادِ الْهَوَى، وَعَافِ الشَّهَوَاتِ، وَاجْعَلْ بَيْتَكَ أَخْلَى مِنْ لَحْدِكَ يَوْمَ تُنْقَلُ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى هَذَا طَابَ الْمَسِيرُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. 1242 - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْخَصِيبِ الْأَنْطَاكِيِّ. سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَابْنَ لَهِيعَةَ، وَغَيْرَهُمَا. رَوَى عَنْهُ: عَبَّاسٌ الدُّورِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ الْحَرْبِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا. وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي بَغْدَادَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 1243 - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحِ بْنِ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ [الْعِجْلِيُّ]. كَانَ أَحَدَ الْمُشْتَهِرِينَ بِالسُّنَّةِ وَالدِّينِ وَالثِّقَةِ. وَكَانَ الْمَأْمُونُ قَدْ كَتَبَ وَهُوَ بِالرِّقَّةِ إِلَى إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ صَاحِبِ الشُّرْطَةِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ [أَحْمَدَ] بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ وَ [مُحَمَّدَ] بْنَ نُوحٍ إِلَيْهِ بِسَبَبِ الْمِحْنَةِ، فَأُخْرِجَا مِنْ بَغْدَادَ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ مُتَزَامِلَيْنِ، فَمَرِضَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ فِي طَرِيقِهِ، وَمَاتَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. قَالَ حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ - يَعْنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ - يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا عَلَى حَدَاثَةِ سِنِّهِ وَقِلَّةِ عِلْمِهِ أَقْوَمَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُوحٍ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ قَدْ خَتَمَ لَهُ بِخَيْرٍ، قَالَ لِي ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ جُلُوسٌ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِثْلِي أَنْتَ رَجُلٌ يُقْتَدَى بِكَ، وَقَدْ مَدَّ هَذَا الْخَلْقُ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ إِلَيْكَ لِمَا يَكُونُ مِنْكَ، فَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ، وَاثْبُتْ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ. وَنَحْوَ هَذَا، فَانْظُرْ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ، فَعَجِبْتُ مِنْهُ مِنْ مَوْعِظَتِهِ لِي وَتَقْوِيَتِهِ إِيَّايَ، فَصَارَ فِي بَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ فَمَاتَ، فَصَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَدَفَنْتُهُ. أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: بِعَانَةَ. فَانْظُرْ بِمَاذَا خُتِمَ لَهُ. 1244 - مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى الْأَسْوَانِيُّ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ مَوْلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ. رَوَى عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ، وَابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، وَكَانَتِ الْقُضَاةُ تَقْبَلُهُ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the notable figures who died in this year. 1234 - Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm b. Miqsam, Abū Isḥāq, known as Ibn ʿUlayyah. He was one of the theologians who professed the createdness of the Qurʾān. From Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān al-Fārisī, who said: Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl b. ʿUlayyah left the mosque of Egypt one night after praying the evening prayer, and he was in Zuqāq al-Qanādīl, accompanied by a man. The man said to him: Last night I recited Sūrat al-Anʿām, and I saw some of it contradicting the rest. Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl said to him: What you did not see is greater. Ibrāhīm died in Baghdad on the night of ʿArafah in this year, in Egypt, at the age of sixty-seven. 1235 - Ibrāhīm b. Abī Zarʿah Wahb Allāh, b. Rāshid al-Muʾadhdhin, called Abū Isḥāq. He was the imam of the congregational mosque in al-Fusṭāṭ. He died in this year. 1236 - Bishr b. Ādam, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḍarīr. He was born in the year 150 AH. He heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh Ḥammād b. Salamah and others. Those who narrated from him include: Ibn Rāhawayh, al-Dūrī, and al-Ḥarbī. Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī said: He is truthful. He died in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of this year. 1237 - Bishr b. Ghiyāth b. Abī Karīmah, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, known as al-Marīsī. He was an old, poor, learned man, ugly in appearance, with filthy clothes, resembling the Jews. He lived in the alley named after him, called Darb al-Marīsī, which is between Nahr al-Dajāj and Nahr al-Bazzāzīn. He studied jurisprudence from Abū Yūsuf al-Qāḍī, but he occupied himself with theology and expounded the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān. He narrated a small amount of hadith from Ḥammād b. Salamah and Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah. Abū Zurʿah al-Rāzī used to say: Bishr b. Ghiyāth is a heretic. Yazīd b. Hārūn said: He is an infidel whose blood is lawful, and he should be killed. Hārūn, the Commander of the Believers, said: It has reached me that Bishr al-Marīsī claims that the Qurʾān is created. I vow to God that if I get hold of him, I will kill him in a way no one has ever been killed. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm al-Ḥanẓalī said: Ḥumayd al-Ṭūsī entered upon the Commander of the Believers while Bishr al-Marīsī was with him. Ḥumayd said: O Commander of the Believers, this is the master of the jurists. This one has abolished the punishment of the grave, the questioning of Munkar and Nakīr, the Scale, and the Bridge. See if he can abolish death. Then he looked at Bishr and said: If you could abolish death, you would truly be the master of the jurists. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Ẓibyān al-Qāḍī said: Bishr al-Marīsī said to me: The correct view about the Qurʾān is the view of those who disagree with me, that it is uncreated. I said: Then retract from it. He said: Should I retract from it when I have professed it for forty years, written books about it, and argued for it with proofs? Al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī al-Karābīsī said: The mother of Bishr al-Marīsī came to al-Shāfiʿī ؓ and said: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, I see my son respects and loves you, and when you are mentioned in his presence he honors you. If only you would forbid him from this opinion he holds, for people have become hostile to him because of it. He speaks about something that would make people befriend and love him. Al-Shāfiʿī said to her: I will do it. I witnessed al-Shāfiʿī when Bishr entered upon him. Al-Shāfiʿī said to him: Tell me about what you call people to. Is it a speaking book, an obligatory duty, an established sunnah, or an obligation from the early generations to investigate and ask about it? Bishr said: There is no speaking book about it, no obligatory duty, no established sunnah, and no obligation from the early generations to investigate and ask about it, except that we cannot oppose it. Al-Shāfiʿī said: You have admitted your own error. Where are you with regard to speaking about jurisprudence and reports, which would make people befriend you, and leave this? He said: We have a passion for it. When Bishr left, al-Shāfiʿī said: He will not prosper. From Aḥmad b. ʿĪsā b. al-Sikkīn, who said: I heard Abū Yaʿqūb Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm say: I was passing along the road, and there was Bishr al-Marīsī with people gathered around him. A Jew passed by, and I heard him say: If only he would not corrupt your scripture as his father corrupted the Torah for us. Meaning that his father was a Jew. Bishr died in Dhū al-Ḥijjah of this year. It is also said: in the year 219 AH. The boys used to run in front of his funeral procession saying: Who will write to Mālik? Who will write to Mālik? ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Rāzī said: A trustworthy companion of ours narrated to us, saying: When Bishr al-Marīsī died, none of the people of knowledge and Sunnah attended his funeral except ʿUbayd al-Shawnīzī. When he returned from al-Marīsī's funeral, they blamed him. He said: Wait until I tell you. I did not attend a funeral in which I hoped for reward as I hoped in this one. I stood in the row and said: O God, this servant of Yours did not believe in seeing You in the Hereafter. O God, veil him from looking at Your face on the day when the believers look at You. O God, this servant of Yours did not believe in the punishment of the grave. O God, punish him today in his grave with a punishment You have never inflicted on anyone in all the worlds. O God, this servant of Yours denied the Scale. O God, make his scale light on the Day of Resurrection. O God, this servant of Yours denied the intercession. O God, do not let any of Your creation intercede for him on the Day of Resurrection. He said: They fell silent and laughed. Bishr b. al-Ḥārith said: The death of this one called al-Marīsī came while I was in the market. Had it not been a place of notoriety, it would have been a place of gratitude and prostration. Praise be to God who caused him to die in this way. ʿUthmān b. Ismāʿīl al-Sukkarī said: I heard my father say: I heard Aḥmad b. al-Dawraqī say: A young man from our neighbors died, and I saw him in a dream, and he had grown old. I said to him: What is your story? He said: Bishr was buried in our cemetery, and Hell let out a blast that made everyone in the cemetery grow old. We have mentioned something similar in the reports about Zubaydah. 1239 - ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hishām b. Ayyūb, Abū Muḥammad al-Dhuhlī al-Baṣrī al-Naḥwī. He transmitted the campaigns of Ibn Isḥāq from Ziyād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bakkāʾī, from Ibn Isḥāq. He was trustworthy. He died in Egypt in Rabīʿ al-Ākhir of this year. 1240 - ʿAbd al-Aʿlā b. Mushir, Abū Mushir al-Dimashqī al-Ghassānī. He was born in the year 140 AH and heard Mālik b. Anas and others. He was trustworthy and knowledgeable about the campaigns and the battles of the people. Al-Maʾmūn had him brought to Baghdad during the inquisition. Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī said: May God have mercy on Abū Mushir. He held a high station in Islam. He was subjected to the inquisition and held under the sword. He stretched out his head and bared the sword, but he refused to comply. When they saw that, they took him to prison. I heard Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal say: May God have mercy on Abū Mushir. He held a high station in Islam. How firm he was. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: Abū Mushir traveled from Damascus to ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn while he was in al-Raqqah. He asked him about the Qurʾān, and he said: It is the speech of God. He refused to say it was created. The sword and the leather mat were brought for him so that his neck might be struck. When he saw that, he said: It is created. He spared him from execution and said: If you had said that before I called for the sword, I would have accepted it from you and sent you back to your land and your family. But now you will go out and say: I said that out of fear of execution. Send him to Baghdad and imprison him there until he dies. He was sent from al-Raqqah to Baghdad in Rabīʿ al-Ākhir of the year 218 AH, and he was imprisoned. He did not remain long before he died at the beginning of Rajab in the year 218 AH. The author said: He was buried at Bāb al-Tīn, and he was seventy-nine years old. 1241 - ʿAlī al-Jarjarāʾī. He used to reside on Mount Lebanon. Al-Qāsim b. al-Qāsim said: It reached me that Bishr al-Ḥāfī said: I met ʿAlī al-Jarjarāʾī on Mount Lebanon at a spring of water. When he saw me, he said: Because of a sin of mine, I have met a human today. I ran after him and said: Give me counsel. He turned to me and said: Are you seeking counsel? Embrace poverty, keep company with patience, oppose passion, renounce desires, and make your house emptier than your grave on the day you are carried to it. In this way, the journey to God, Mighty and Glorious, becomes pleasant. 1242 - Muḥammad b. Abī al-Khaṣīb al-Anṭākī. He heard Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Lahīʿah, and others. Those who narrated from him include ʿAbbās al-Dūrī, Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī, and others. He was trustworthy. He died in Baghdad in this year. 1243 - Muḥammad b. Nūḥ b. Maymūn b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-ʿIjlī. He was one of those famous for adherence to the Sunnah, religious devotion, and trustworthiness. Al-Maʾmūn, while in al-Raqqah, wrote to Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, the chief of police, ordering him to bring Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and Muḥammad b. Nūḥ to him because of the inquisition. They were taken out of Baghdad on a camel, riding together. Muḥammad b. Nūḥ fell ill on the way and died in this year. Ḥanbal b. Isḥāq said: I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh—meaning Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal—say: I have never seen anyone, despite his young age and limited knowledge, more steadfast in the command of God than Muḥammad b. Nūḥ. I hope that God has sealed his life with good. One day he said to me while I was sitting with him: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, you are not like me. You are a man whom people follow. These people have stretched their necks toward you for what comes from you. Fear God and remain firm in the command of God. And similar words. Consider this speech. I was amazed at his admonition to me and his strengthening of me. He died on part of the way, and I prayed over him and buried him. I think he said: at ʿĀnah. Consider with what his life was sealed. 1244 - Muʿāwiyah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Yaḥyā al-Aswānī, Abū Sufyān, client of the Banū Umayyah. He transmitted from Mālik, al-Layth, and Ibn Lahīʿah. He was trustworthy, and the judges accepted his testimony. He died in this year.
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