Tarikh (al-Tabari) 32
Creation of the angels and their attributes (peace be upon them)
ثُمَّ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى مَا هَيَّأَهُمُ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَقْسَامٌ: فَمِنْهُمْ حَمَلَةِ الْعَرْشِ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ خَلْقًا. ، وَعَدَدُهُمُ الْيَوْمَ أَرْبَعَةٌ، أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْبَشَرِ قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِنَسْلِ الْآدَمِيِّ، وَالْآخَرُ عَلَى صُورَةِ النَّسْرِ وَقَدْ وُكِّلَ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِأَجْنَاسِ الطَّيْرِ، وَالْآخَرُ عَلَى صُورَةِ الثَّوْرِ قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِنَسْلِ الْبَهِيمِيِّ، وَالْآخَرُ عَلَى صُورَةِ السَّبُعِ قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِأَجْنَاسِ السِّبَاعِ، فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الْقِيَامَةُ صَارُوا ثَمَانِيَةً، قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَيَحْمِلُ عَرْشَ رَبِّكَ فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَانِيَةٌ . وَقَدْ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: ثَمَانِيَةُ صُفُوفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ وَصَفَ أَحَدَ حَمَلَةِ الْعَرْشِ، فَقَالَ: "قَدَمَاهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ مِنَ الْأَرَضِينِ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَوْ أَنَّ الطَّيْرَ سُخِّرَتْ مَا بَيْنَ أَصْلِ عُنُقِهِ إِلَى مُنْتَهَاهَا مِنْ رَأْسِهِ لَخَفَقَتْ فِيهِ سَبْعَمِائَةِ عَامٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْطَعَهُ". وعَنِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- أَذِنَ لِي أَنْ أُحَدِّثَ عَنْ مَلَكٍ قَدْ لَزِقَتْ رِجْلَاهُ الْأَرْضَ وَعُنُقُهُ مَثْنِيَّةٌ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: سُبْحَانَكَ مَا أَعْظَمَكَ رَبَّنَا، قَالَ: فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ كَاذِبًا".، وَمِنْهُمُ الْكَرُوبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ حَوْلَ الْعَرْشِ، وَهُمْ أَشْرَفُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مَعَ حَمَلَةِ الْعَرْشِ، وَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: لَنْ يَسْتَنْكِفَ الْمَسِيحُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدًا لِلَّهِ وَلَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ [ النِّسَاءِ: 172 ]. وعن عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ، الْكُرُوبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ يُسَبِّحُونَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ لَا يَفْتَرُونَ تِسْعَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ وَجُزْءٌ وَاحِدٌ الَّذِينَ وُكِلُوا بِخِزَانَةِ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالْجِنُّ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ تِسْعَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَجُزْءٌ وَاحِدٌ الْجِنُّ، وَالْجِنُّ وَالْإِنْسُ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَتِسْعَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ الْجِنُّ وَجُزْءٌ وَاحِدٌ الْإِنْسُ، فَإِذَا وُلِدَ وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ وُلِدَ تِسْعَةٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ، وَالْإِنْسُ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ، يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ وَجُزْءٌ وَاحِدٌ سَائِرُ الْإِنْسِ، وَمَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَوْضِعُ إِهَابٍ إِلَّا عَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ سَاجِدٌ أَوْ قَائِمٌ. وعَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَاسْتَوَوْا عَلَى أَقْدَامِهِمْ رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالُوا: رَبَّنَا مَعَ [مَنْ] أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: مَعَ الْمَظْلُومِ حَتَّى يُؤَدَّى إِلَيْهِ حَقَّهُ. وَمِنْهُمْ جِبْرِيلُ وَمِيكَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا فَاغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِي وَعَدْتَهُمْ وَمَنْ صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ وَقِهِمُ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَمَنْ تَقِ السَّيِّئَاتِ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَدْ رَحِمْتَهُ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ [ غَافِرٍ: 7 - 9 ]. وَلَمَّا كَانَتْ سَجَايَاهُمْ هَذِهِ السَّجِيَّةَ الطَّاهِرَةَ، كَانُوا يُحِبُّونَ مَنِ اتَّصَفَ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ وَيَدْعُونَ كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ الْمَصْدُوقِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا دَعَا الْعَبْدُ لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ: آمِينَ وَلَكَ بِمِثْلٍ. ذِكْرُ أَعْمَالِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ جُمْهُورُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مَشْغُولُونَ بِالتَّعَبُّدِ وَمِنْهُمْ سُكَّانُ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ يَعْمُرُونَهَا عِبَادَةً دَائِبَةً لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا صَبَاحًا وَمَسَاءً، كَمَا قَالَ: يُسَبِّحُونَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ لَا يَفْتُرُونَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 20 ]. فَمِنْهُمُ الرَّاكِعُ دَائِمًا، وَالْقَائِمُ دَائِمًا، وَالسَّاجِدُ دَائِمًا، وَمِنْهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَتَعَاقَبُونَ زُمْرَةً بَعْدَ زُمْرَةٍ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ آخِرَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُوَكَّلُونَ بِالْجِنَانِ، وَإِعْدَادِ الْكَرَامَةِ لِأَهْلِهَا، وَتَهْيِئَةِ الضِّيَافَةِ لِسَاكِنِيهَا ; مِنْ مَلَابِسَ، وَمَصَاغٍ، وَمَسَاكِنَ، وَمَآكِلَ، وَمَشَارِبَ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا عَيْنٌ رَأَتْ، وَلَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعَتْ، وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلَى قَلْبِ بَشَرٍ. وَخَازِنُ الْجَنَّةِ مَلَكٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: رِضْوَانُ جَاءَ مُصَرَّحًا بِهِ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَادِيثِ. وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُوَكَّلُونَ بِالنَّارِ، وَهُمُ الزَّبَانِيَةُ، وَمُقَدِّمُوهُمْ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ، وَخَازِنُهَا مَالِكٌ، وَهُوَ مُقَدَّمٌ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْخَزَنَةِ، وَهُمُ الْمَذْكُورُونَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ فِي النَّارِ لِخَزَنَةِ جَهَنَّمَ ادْعُوا رَبَّكُمْ يُخَفِّفْ عَنَّا يَوْمًا مِنَ الْعَذَابِ [ غَافِرٍ: 49 ]. الْآيَةَ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَنَادَوْا يَا مَالِكُ لِيَقْضِ عَلَيْنَا رَبُّكَ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ مَاكِثُونَ لَقَدْ جِئْنَاكُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ لِلْحَقِّ كَارِهُونَ [ الزُّخْرُفِ: 77 - 78 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: عَلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةٌ غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ لَا يَعْصُونَ اللَّهَ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ [ التَّحْرِيمِ: 6 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِيمَانًا وَلَا يَرْتَابَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا مَثَلًا كَذَلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ [ الْمُدَّثِّرِ: 30 - 31 ]. الملائكة الموكلون بحفظ بني آدم وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُوَكَّلُونَ بِحِفْظِ بَنِي آدَمَ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: سَوَاءٌ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ أَسَرَّ الْقَوْلَ وَمَنْ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِاللَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ [ الرَّعْدِ: 10 - 11 ]. الْآيَاتِ. قَالَ الْوَالِبِيُّ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ. وَهِيَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: مَلَائِكَةٌ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ قَدَرُ اللَّهِ خَلَّوْا عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ إِلَّا وَمَلَكٌ مُوَكَّلٌ بِحِفْظِهِ فِي نَوْمِهِ، وَيَقَظَتِهِ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ وَالْهَوَامِّ، فَمَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَأْتِيهِ يُرِيدُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ: وَرَاءَكَ. إِلَّا شَيْءٌ يَأْذَنُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ فَيُصِيبُهُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ: مَا مِنْ آدَمِيٍّ إِلَّا وَمَعَهُ مَلَكٌ يَذُودُ عَنْهُ، حَتَّى يُسْلِمَهُ لِلَّذِي قُدِّرَ لَهُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ مُرَادٍ يُرِيدُونَ قَتْلَكَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مَلَكَيْنِ يَحْفَظَانِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُقَدَّرْ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْقَدَرُ خَلَّيَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ، إِنَّ الْأَجَلَ جُنَّةٌ حَصِينَةٌ. الملائكة الموكلون بحفظ أعمال العباد وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُوَكَّلُونَ بِحِفْظِ أَعْمَالِ الْعِبَادِ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ [ ق: 17 - 18 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَافِظِينَ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ [ الِانْفِطَارِ: 10 - 12 ]. وعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنِ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ التَّعَرِّي، فَاسْتَحْيُوا مِنْ مَلَائِكَةِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ مَعَكُمُ الْكِرَامِ الْكَاتِبِينَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُفَارِقُونَكُمْ إِلَّا عِنْدَ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ حَالَاتٍ ; الْغَائِطِ، وَالْجَنَابَةِ، وَالْغُسْلِ، فَإِذَا اغْتَسَلَ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالْعَرَاءِ فَلْيَسْتَتِرْ بِثَوْبِهِ، أَوْ بِجِذْمِ حَائِطٍ، أَوْ بَعِيرِهِ. وَمَعْنَى إِكْرَامِهِمْ أَنْ يَسْتَحْيِيَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَا يُمْلِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَعْمَالَ الْقَبِيحَةَ الَّتِي يَكْتُبُونَهَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَهُمْ كِرَامًا فِي خُلُقِهِمْ وَأَخْلَاقِهِمْ. من صور إكرام الله للملائكة وَمِنْ كَرَمِهِمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْوِيِّ فِي الصِّحَاحِ، وَالسُّنَنِ، وَالْمَسَانِيدِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَدْخُلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَيْتًا فِيهِ صُورَةٌ وَلَا كَلْبٌ وَلَا جُنُبٌ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَا تَصْحَبُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ رُفْقَةً مَعَهُمْ كَلْبٌ أَوْ جَرَسٌ. وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ مَلَائِكَةَ اللَّهِ يَعْرِفُونَ بَنِي آدَمَ. وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَيَعْرِفُونَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فَإِذَا نَظَرُوا إِلَى عَبْدٍ يَعْمَلُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ذَكَرُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَسَمَّوْهُ، وَقَالُوا: أَفْلَحَ اللَّيْلَةَ فُلَانٌ، نَجَا اللَّيْلَةَ فُلَانٌ، وَإِذَا نَظَرُوا إِلَى عَبْدٍ يَعْمَلُ بِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ذَكَرُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَسَمَّوْهُ، وَقَالُوا: هَلَكَ فُلَانٌ اللَّيْلَةَ. تعاقب الملائكة بالليل والنهار وَقَدْ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَتَعَاقَبُونَ ; مَلَائِكَةٌ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَمَلَائِكَةٌ بِالنَّهَارِ، وَيَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ يُعَرِّجُ إِلَيْهِ الَّذِينَ بَاتُوا فِيكُمْ فَيَسْأَلُهُمْ، وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ فَيَقُولُ: كَيْفَ تَرَكْتُمْ عِبَادِي ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: تَرَكْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ، وَأَتَيْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ. هَذَا اللَّفْظُ فِي كِتَابِ بَدْءِ الْخَلْقِ بِهَذَا السِّيَاقِ. وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ دُونَ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " فِي الْبَدْءِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ بسنده عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا مِنْ حَافِظَيْنِ يَرْفَعَانِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَا حَفِظَا فِي يَوْمٍ فَيَرَى فِي أَوَّلِ الصَّحِيفَةِ وَفِي آخِرِهَا اسْتِغْفَارًا إِلَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي مَا بَيْنَ طَرَفَيِ الصَّحِيفَةِ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ لَهُ حَافِظَانِ مَلَكَانِ اثْنَانِ ; وَاحِدٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ، وَآخَرُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظَانِهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَمَلَكَانِ كَاتِبَانِ ; عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ ; وَكَاتِبُ الْيَمِينِ أَمِيرٌ عَلَى كَاتِبِ الشَّمَالِ يَكْتُبُ حَسَنَاتِهِ، وَكَاتِبُ الشَّمَالِ يَكْتُبُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ، فَأَرَادَ صَاحِبُ الشِّمَالِ أَنْ يَكْتُبَهَا، قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُ الْيَمِينِ: أَمْهِلْهُ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ أَوْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ. وَإِذَا عَمِلَ حَسَنَةً كَتَبَهَا صَاحِبُ الْيَمِينِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَوَقُّفٍ وَلَا اسْتِئْمَارٍ مَنْ صَاحِبِ الشِّمَالِ. كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ [ ق: 17 - 18 ]. القرين من الملائكة فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ قَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ، وَقَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ. قَالُوا: وَإِيَّاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: وَإِيَّايَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ فَلَا يَأْمُرُنِي إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ. انْفَرَدَ بِإِخْرَاجِهِ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورٍ بِهِ. فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْقَرِينَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ غَيْرُ الْقَرِينِ بِحِفْظِ الْإِنْسَانِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُوَكَّلٌ بِهِ لِيَهْدِيَهُ، وَيُرْشِدَهُ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ إِلَى سَبِيلِ الْخَيْرِ، وَطَرِيقِ الرَّشَادِ كَمَا أَنَّهُ قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ الْقَرِينُ مِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ لَا يَأْلُوهُ جَهْدًا فِي الْخَبَالِ وَالْإِضْلَالِ، وَالْمَعْصُومُ مَنْ عَصَمَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَبِاللَّهِ الْمُسْتَعَانُ. أحاديث في ذكر الملائكة وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يَكْتُبُونَ الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ، فَإِذَا جَلَسَ الْإِمَامُ طَوَوُا الصُّحُفَ، وَجَاءُوا يَسْتَمِعُونَ الذِّكَرَ. وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُنْفَرِدًا بِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 78 ]. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا. قَالَ: تَشْهَدُهُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ، وَمَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ. وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَسْبَاطٍ. وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ قُلْتُ: وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَضْلُ صَلَاةِ الْجَمِيعِ عَلَى صَلَاةِ الْوَاحِدِ خَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ دَرَجَةً، وَيَجْتَمِعُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَمَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ. يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: اقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذَا دَعَا الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ فَأَبَتْ فَبَاتَ غَضْبَانَ عَلَيْهَا لِعَنَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ. وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا أَمَّنَ الْإِمَامُ فَأَمِّنُوا فَإِنَّ مَنْ وَافَقَ تَأْمِينُهُ تَأْمِينَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ. حضور الملائكة حلق الذكر وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ هُوَ شَكٌّ يَعْنِي الْأَعْمَشَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَائِكَةً سَيَّاحِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَضْلًا عَنْ كُتَّابِ النَّاسِ، فَإِذَا وَجَدُوا أَقْوَامًا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ تَنَادَوْا: هَلُمُّوا إِلَى بُغْيَتِكُمْ. فَيَجِيئُونَ فَيَحِفُّونَ بِهِمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ تَرَكْتُمْ عِبَادِي يَصْنَعُونَ ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: تَرَكْنَاهُمْ يَحْمَدُونَكَ، وَيُمَجِّدُونَكَ، وَيَذْكُرُونَكَ. فَيَقُولُ: وَهَلْ رَأَوْنِي ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ لَا. فَيَقُولُ: فَكَيْفَ لَوْ رَأَوْنِي ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَوْ رَأَوْكَ لَكَانُوا أَشَدَّ تَحْمِيدًا، وَتَمْجِيدًا، وَذِكْرًا. قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ: فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ يَطْلُبُونَ ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: يَطْلُبُونَ الْجَنَّةَ. فَيَقُولُ: وَهَلْ رَأَوْهَا ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَا. فَيَقُولُ: وَكَيْفَ لَوْ رَأَوْهَا ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَوْ رَأَوْهَا لَكَانُوا أَشَدَّ عَلَيْهَا حِرْصًا، وَأَشَدَّ لَهَا طَلَبًا. قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ: مِنْ أَيٍّ يَتَعَوَّذُونَ ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: مِنَ النَّارِ. فَيَقُولُ: وَهَلْ رَأَوْهَا. فَيَقُولُونَ: لَا. فَيَقُولُ: فَكَيْفَ لَوْ رَأَوْهَا ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَوْ رَأَوْهَا كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهَا هَرَبًا وَأَشَدَّ مِنْهَا خَوْفًا. قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ: أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَهُمْ. قَالَ: فَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ فِيهِمْ فَلَانًا الْخَطَّاءَ، لَمْ يُرِدْهُمْ إِنَّمَا جَاءَ لِحَاجَةٍ. فَيَقُولُ: هُمُ الْقَوْمُ لَا يَشْقَى بِهِمْ جَلِيسُهُمْ. وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَنْ نَفَّسَ عَنْ مُؤْمِنٍ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ الدُّنْيَا، نَفَّسَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَمَنْ سَتَرَ مُسْلِمًا، سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَمَنْ يَسَّرَ عَلَى مُعْسِرٍ، يَسَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَاللَّهُ فِي عَوْنِ الْعَبْدِ، مَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ فِي عَوْنِ أَخِيهِ، وَمَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَلْتَمِسُ فِيهِ عِلْمًا، سَهَّلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِهِ طَرِيقًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، وَمَا اجْتَمَعَ قَوْمٌ فِي بَيْتٍ مِنْ بُيُوتِ اللَّهِ يَتْلُونَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَيَتَدَارَسُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ إِلَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السِّكِينَةُ، وَغَشِيَتْهُمُ الرَّحْمَةُ، وَحَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، وَذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِيمَنْ عِنْدَهُ، وَمَنْ بَطَّأَ بِهِ عَمَلُهُ لَمْ يُسْرِعْ بِهِ نَسَبُهُ. وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ. تواضع الملائكة لطالب العلم وَفِي مُسْنَدِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، وَالسُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ مَرْفُوعًا: وَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَتَضَعُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ ; رِضًا بِمَا يَصْنَعُ. أَيْ: تَتَوَاضَعُ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 24 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [ الشُّعَرَاءِ: 215 ]. أحاديث في ذكر الملائكة وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَائِكَةً سَيَّاحِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ يُبَلِّغُونِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي السَّلَامَ. وَكَذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ أَنَّ لِلْمَلَكِ لَمَّةً بِقَلْبِ الْعَبْدِ، وَلِلشَّيْطَانِ لَمَّةً بِقَلْبِهِ فَلَمَّةُ الْمَلَكِ إِيعَادٌ بِالْخَيْرِ وَتَصْدِيقٌ بِالْحَقِّ، وَلَمَّةُ الشَّيْطَانِ إِيعَادٌ بِالْفَقْرِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: بِالشَّرِّ، وَتَكْذِيبٌ بِالْحَقِّ. وَكَذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ: إِذَا أَصْبَحَ الْعَبْدُ ابْتَدَرَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ وَالْمَلَكُ. فَيَقُولُ الْمَلَكُ: افْتَحْ بِخَيْرٍ. وَيَقُولُ الشَّيْطَانُ: افْتَحْ بِشَرٍّ. فَإِذَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ وَحَمِدَهُ، تَوَلَّاهُ الْمَلَكُ، وَطَرَدَ عَنْهُ الشَّيْطَانَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ. فَإِذَا جَاءَ اللَّيْلُ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ: اخْتِمْ بِخَيْرٍ، وَيَقُولُ الشَّيْطَانُ: اخْتِمْ بِشَرٍّ. فَإِنْ خَتَمَ نَهَارَهُ بِخَيْرٍ، تَوَلَّاهُ الْمَلَكُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ. وَطَرَدَ عَنْهُ الشَّيْطَانَ. وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا خَرَجَ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ فَقَالَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ. قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ: هُدِيتَ وَكُفِيتَ وَوُقِيتَ. ثُمَّ يَتَنَحَّى عَنْهُ الشَّيْطَانُ. وَالْأَحَادِيثُ فِي ذِكْرِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا مَا يَسَّرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ.
Translation
✧ Then the angels (peace be upon them) are, in relation to what Allah has prepared them for, of various categories. Among them are the bearers of the Throne, who are among the greatest of the angels in creation. Their number today is four: one of them is in the form of a human, entrusted with supplicating for the progeny of Adam; another is in the form of an eagle, entrusted with supplicating for the species of birds; another is in the form of a bull, entrusted with supplicating for the offspring of livestock; and another is in the form of a beast of prey, entrusted with supplicating for the species of wild beasts. When the Resurrection comes, they will become eight. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: "And the Throne of your Lord will be borne above them that Day by eight." (Al-Ḥāqqah 69:17) Saʿīd b. Jubayr said: "Eight rows of angels." Anas b. Mālik narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he described one of the bearers of the Throne, saying: "His feet are on the seventh earth of the earths. By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Muḥammad, if birds were made to traverse the distance from the base of his neck to the top of his head, they would flap for seven hundred years before crossing it." From Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has permitted me to speak of an angel whose feet are placed on the earth and whose neck is bent beneath the Throne, and he says: 'Glory be to You, how great You are, our Lord.' He (the Prophet) said: 'Then it is answered back to him: "What does he know, that one who swears by Him falsely?"'" Among them are the Cherubim (al-Karūbiyyūn), who are around the Throne. They are the noblest of the angels along with the bearers of the Throne, and they are the angels brought near, as Allah, Exalted, said: "The Messiah will never disdain to be a servant of Allah, nor will the angels brought near." (Al-Nisāʾ 4:172) From ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ: "The angels are ten parts. The Cherubim, who glorify Allah night and day without ceasing, are nine parts, and one part is those entrusted with the treasury of everything. The angels and the jinn are ten parts: nine parts are the angels and one part is the jinn. The jinn and mankind are ten parts: nine parts are the jinn and one part is mankind. When one human is born, nine jinn are born. Mankind is ten parts: Gog and Magog are nine parts and one part is the rest of mankind. There is not a span of the sky but upon it is an angel prostrating or standing." From Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, from his father, who said: "When Allah, Mighty and Majestic, created the angels and they stood upright on their feet, they raised their heads to the sky and said: 'Our Lord, with [whom] are You?' He said: 'With the oppressed, until his right is restored to him.'" Among them are Jibrīl and Mīkāʾīl (peace be upon them both). Allah has mentioned that they seek forgiveness for the believers in their absence, as He, Exalted, said: "And they seek forgiveness for those who believe: 'Our Lord, You encompass all things in mercy and knowledge, so forgive those who have repented and followed Your way and protect them from the punishment of the Blaze. Our Lord, admit them to the Gardens of Eden which You have promised them, and whoever was righteous among their fathers, their spouses, and their descendants. Indeed, You are the Mighty, the Wise. And protect them from evil deeds. And whoever You protect from evil deeds that Day, You have had mercy on him. And that is the great triumph.'" (Ghāfir 40:7–9) Because their innate character was this pure character, they love those who are characterized by this trait and supplicate as is established in the hadith from the truthful, the believed one, that he said: "When a servant supplicates for his brother in his absence, the angel says: 'Āmīn, and for you the like.'" Mention of the deeds of the angels The majority of the angels are occupied with worship. Among them are the inhabitants of the seven heavens, who fill them with perpetual worship night and day, morning and evening, as He said: "They glorify night and day without ceasing." (Al-Anbiyāʾ 21:20) Among them are those who are constantly bowing, those constantly standing, and those constantly prostrating. Among them are those who succeed one another in group after group to the Much-Frequented House (al-Bayt al-Maʿmūr), every day seventy thousand, who never return to it as the last of them. Among them are those entrusted with the gardens, preparing honor for their inhabitants, and arranging hospitality for their residents, including garments, ornaments, dwellings, foods, drinks, and other things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has imagined. The keeper of Paradise is an angel called Riḍwān, as is explicitly stated in some hadiths. Among them are those entrusted with the Fire, and they are the Zabāniyah, and their overseers are nineteen. Its keeper is Mālik, and he is placed over all the keepers. They are those mentioned in His words, Exalted: "And those in the Fire will say to the keepers of Hell: 'Call upon your Lord to lighten for us a day of the punishment.'" (Ghāfir 40:49) — to the end of the verse. And He, Exalted, said: "And they will call out: 'O Mālik, let your Lord put an end to us.' He will say: 'Indeed, you will remain. We have certainly brought you the truth, but most of you are averse to the truth.'" (Al-Zukhruf 43:77–78) And He, Exalted, said: "Over it are angels harsh and severe; they do not disobey Allah in what He commands them but do what they are commanded." (Al-Taḥrīm 66:6) And He, Exalted, said: "Over it are nineteen. And We have made none but angels keepers of the Fire, and We have made their number only as a trial for those who disbelieve, so that those given the Book may be certain and those who believe may increase in faith, and those given the Book and the believers may not doubt, and that those in whose hearts is disease and the disbelievers may say: 'What does Allah intend by this as a parable?' Thus Allah leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none knows the hosts of your Lord except Him." (Al-Muddaththir 74:30–31) Angels entrusted with guarding the children of Adam Among them are those entrusted with guarding the children of Adam, as He, Exalted, said: "It is the same [to Him] whether any of you conceals his speech or declares it, or whether he hides by night or goes forth by day. For him are successive [angels] before him and behind him, guarding him by the command of Allah." (Al-Raʿd 13:10–11) — to the end of the verses. Al-Wālibī said, from Ibn ʿAbbās: "'For him are successive [angels] before him and behind him, guarding him by the command of Allah' — and they are the angels." And ʿIkrimah said, from Ibn ʿAbbās: "'They guard him by the command of Allah.' He said: 'Angels guard him from before him and behind him. When the decree of Allah comes, they leave him alone.'" Mujāhid said: "There is no servant but an angel is entrusted with guarding him in his sleep and his waking, from jinn, humans, and vermin. Nothing comes to him intending harm but the angel says: 'Behind you!' except something Allah permits, and it afflicts him." Abū Umāmah said: "There is no human but with him is an angel defending him, until he hands him over to what is decreed for him." Abū Mijlaz said: "A man came to ʿAlī and said: 'A group of Murād want to kill you.' He said: 'With every man are two angels guarding him from what is not decreed. When the decree comes, they leave him and it. Indeed, the appointed term is a strong shield.'" Angels entrusted with preserving the deeds of servants Among them are those entrusted with preserving the deeds of the servants, as He, Exalted, said: "When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left. He utters no word but there is with him a watcher ready." (Qāf 50:17–18) And He, Exalted, said: "And indeed, over you are keepers, noble scribes, who know what you do." (Al-Infiṭār 82:10–12) From Mujāhid, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah forbids you from exposing yourselves naked, so be modest before Allah's angels who are with you, the noble scribes, who do not leave you except during one of three states: defecation, major impurity, and bathing. When one of you bathes in the open, let him cover himself with his garment, or a wall's stump, or his camel." The meaning of honoring them is that one should be modest before them and not dictate to them the ugly deeds that they would write, for Allah created them noble in their creation and character. Among the images of Allah's honoring of the angels Among their nobility is what is established in the hadith reported in the authentic collections, the Sunan, and the Musnads, from the hadith of a group of the Companions, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that he said: "The angels do not enter a house in which there is an image, a dog, or a person in a state of major impurity." In another narration from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The angels do not accompany a group that has with it a dog or a bell." Al-Bazzār said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The angels of Allah recognize the children of Adam." And I think he said: "And they recognize their deeds. When they look at a servant performing an act of obedience to Allah, they mention him among themselves and name him, saying: 'So-and-so succeeded tonight, so-and-so was saved tonight.' When they look at a servant performing an act of disobedience to Allah, they mention him among themselves and name him, saying: 'So-and-so perished tonight.'" The alternation of angels by night and day Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The angels alternate, angels by night and angels by day, and they meet at the dawn prayer and the afternoon prayer. Then those who spent the night among you ascend, and He asks them, though He is most knowing, saying: 'How did you leave My servants?' They say: 'We left them praying, and we came to them praying.'" This wording is in the Book of the Beginning of Creation in this context. This wording is unique to al-Bukhārī without Muslim from this route, but both of them included it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs in the section on the beginning of creation from the hadith of Mālik, from Abū al-Zinād, with it. Al-Bazzār said with his chain from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There are no two guardian angels who raise to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, what they have preserved in a day and He sees at the beginning of the scroll and at its end a seeking of forgiveness, but Allah, Exalted, says: 'I have forgiven My servant what is between the two ends of the scroll.'" The point is that every human has two guardian angels — one in front of him and another behind him, guarding him by the command of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. And he has two recording angels — one on his right and one on his left. The writer of the right is in charge over the writer of the left; he records his good deeds, and the writer of the left records his evil deeds. When the one on the left wants to record a sin, the one on the right says to him: "Give him respite, perhaps he will repent or seek forgiveness." When he performs a good deed, the one on the right records it without hesitation or consultation with the one on the left, as we mentioned in connection with His words, Exalted: "When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left. He utters no word but there is with him a watcher ready." (Qāf 50:17–18) The companion from among the angels As for the hadith narrated by Imām Aḥmad with his chain from ʿAbd Allāh — that is Ibn Masʿūd — who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There is none of you but has been assigned his companion from the jinn and his companion from the angels." They said: "And you, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "And me, but Allah has helped me against him, so he only commands me to good." Muslim alone included it from the hadith of Manṣūr with it. It is possible that this companion from the angels is other than the companion for guarding the human; rather, he is entrusted with him to guide him and direct him, by the permission of his Lord, to the path of good and the way of right guidance, just as the companion from the devils is entrusted with him, sparing no effort in corruption and leading astray. The protected one is he whom Allah, Mighty and Majestic, protects. And with Allah is the seeking of help. Hadiths mentioning the angels Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "On Friday, upon every door of the mosque there are angels writing the first, then the next. When the imam sits, they roll up the scrolls and come to listen to the reminder." This is how he narrated it uniquely from this route, and it is in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from another route. Allah, Exalted, said: "And the recitation at dawn. Indeed, the recitation at dawn is witnessed." (Al-Isrāʾ 17:78) Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, regarding His words: "And the recitation at dawn. Indeed, the recitation at dawn is witnessed," he said: "The angels of the night and the angels of the day witness it." Al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn Mājah narrated it from the hadith of Asbāṭ. Al-Tirmidhī said: "Good and authentic." I say: It is disconnected. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "The superiority of the prayer in congregation over the prayer of a single person is twenty-five degrees, and the angels of the night and the angels of the day meet at the dawn prayer." Abū Hurayrah says: "Recite, if you wish: 'And the recitation at dawn. Indeed, the recitation at dawn is witnessed.'" Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When a man calls his wife to his bed and she refuses, and he passes the night angry with her, the angels curse her until morning." It is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When the imam says 'Āmīn,' say 'Āmīn,' for whoever's 'Āmīn' coincides with the 'Āmīn' of the angels, his previous sins will be forgiven." The presence of the angels in circles of remembrance Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, or from Abū Saʿīd — that is the doubt of al-Aʿmash — who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah has angels who roam the earth, in addition to the recorders of people. When they find people remembering Allah, they call out to one another: 'Come to what you seek.' They come and surround them up to the lowest heaven. Allah says: 'What did you leave My servants doing?' They say: 'We left them praising You, magnifying You, and remembering You.' He says: 'Have they seen Me?' They say: 'No.' He says: 'How would it be if they saw Me?' They say: 'If they saw You, they would be more intense in praise, magnification, and remembrance.' He says: 'What do they ask for?' They say: 'They ask for Paradise.' He says: 'Have they seen it?' They say: 'No.' He says: 'How would it be if they saw it?' They say: 'If they saw it, they would be more eager for it and more desirous of it.' He says: 'From what do they seek refuge?' They say: 'From the Fire.' He says: 'Have they seen it?' They say: 'No.' He says: 'How would it be if they saw it?' They say: 'If they saw it, they would flee from it more intensely and fear it more intensely.' He says: 'I call you to witness that I have forgiven them.' He said: Then they say: 'Among them is so-and-so, the sinner; he did not intend them, he only came for a need.' He says: 'They are the people whose companion will not be wretched.'" And thus al-Bukhārī narrated it. Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever relieves a believer of a distress of the distresses of this world, Allah will relieve him of a distress of the distresses of the Day of Resurrection. Whoever conceals a Muslim, Allah will conceal him in this world and the Hereafter. Whoever makes things easy for one in hardship, Allah will make things easy for him in this world and the Hereafter. Allah is in the aid of the servant as long as the servant is in the aid of his brother. Whoever follows a path seeking knowledge therein, Allah will make easy for him a path to Paradise. No people gather in one of the houses of Allah, reciting the Book of Allah and studying it among themselves, but tranquility descends upon them, mercy covers them, the angels surround them, and Allah mentions them among those with Him. Whoever is slowed by his deeds will not be hastened by his lineage." And thus Muslim narrated it from the hadith of Abū Muʿāwiyah. The humility of the angels toward the seeker of knowledge In the Musnad of Imām Aḥmad and the Sunan, from Abū al-Dardāʾ, in a raised report: "And the angels lower their wings for the seeker of knowledge, being pleased with what he does." That is, they humble themselves before him, as He, Exalted, said: "And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy." (Al-Isrāʾ 17:24) And He, Exalted, said: "And lower your wing to those who follow you of the believers." (Al-Shuʿarāʾ 26:215) Hadiths mentioning the angels Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah has angels who roam the earth, conveying to me the greetings of peace from my community." Likewise, the hadith narrated that the angel has an inspiration in the heart of the servant, and the devil has an inspiration in his heart. The angel's inspiration is a promise of good and belief in the truth; the devil's inspiration is a promise of poverty — and in one narration: of evil — and denial of the truth. Likewise, the hadith narrated: "When the servant wakes in the morning, the devil and the angel hasten to him. The angel says: 'Begin with good.' The devil says: 'Begin with evil.' If he remembers Allah and praises Him, the angel takes charge of him and drives away the devil from him until night. When night comes, the angel says: 'End with good,' and the devil says: 'End with evil.' If he ends his day with good, the angel takes charge of him until morning and drives away the devil. Likewise, when the servant leaves his house and says: 'In the name of Allah, I rely upon Allah, and there is no might and no power except with Allah,' the angel says to him: 'You are guided, sufficed, and protected.' Then the devil withdraws from him." The hadiths mentioning the angels are very numerous. We have mentioned what Allah, Exalted, has made easy, and to Him belongs praise.
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