Tarikh (al-Tabari) 319
The story of ʿĪsā b. Maryam (peace be upon him)
فَلَمَّا ضَاقَ الْحَالُ -يعني على مريم عليها السلام-، وَانْحَصَرَ الْمَجَالُ وَامْتَنَعَ الْمَقَالُ، عَظُمَ التَّوَكُّلُ عَلَى ذِي الْجَلَالِ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا الْإِخْلَاصُ وَالِاتِّكَالُ فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ أَيْ: خَاطِبُوهُ وَكَلِّمُوهُ ; فَإِنَّ جَوَابَكُمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَا تَبْغُونَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ لَدَيْهِ. فَعِنْدَهَا قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا: كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَنْ كَانَ فِي الْمَهْدِ صَبِيًّا أَيْ: كَيْفَ تُحِيلِينَنَا فِي الْجَوَابِ عَلَى صَبِيٍّ صَغِيرٍ لَا يَعْقِلُ الْخِطَابَ، وَهُوَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ رَضِيعٌ فِي مَهْدِهِ، وَلَا يُمَيِّزُ بَيْنَ مَحْضٍ وَزَبَدِهِ، وَمَا هَذَا مِنْكِ إِلَّا عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّهَكُّمِ بِنَا وَالِاسْتِهْزَاءِ، وَالتَّنَقُّصِ لَنَا وَالِازْدِرَاءِ ; إِذْ لَا تَرُدِّينَ عَلَيْنَا قَوْلًا نُطْقِيًّا، بَلْ تُحِيلِينَ فِي الْجَوَابِ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ فِي الْمَهْدِ صَبِيًّا، فَعِنْدَهَا قَالَ إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ آتَانِيَ الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيًّا وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكًا أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُ وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا هَذَا أَوَّلُ كَلَامٍ تَفَوَّهَ بِهِ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ أَنْ قَالَ إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ اعْتَرَفَ لِرَبِّهِ تَعَالَى بِالْعُبُودِيَّةِ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَبُّهُ، فَنَزَّهَ جَنَابَ اللَّهِ عَنْ قَوْلِ الظَّالِمِينَ فِي زَعْمِهِمْ أَنَّهُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، بَلْ هُوَ عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَابْنُ أَمَتِهِ، ثُمَّ بَرَّأَ أُمَّهُ مِمَّا نَسَبَهَا إِلَيْهِ الْجَاهِلُونَ، وَقَذَفُوهَا بِهِ وَرَمَوْهَا بِسَبَبِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ: آتَانِيَ الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيًّا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُعْطِي النُّبُوَّةَ مَنْ هُوَ كَمَا زَعَمُوا، لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَقَبَّحَهُمْ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا [ النِّسَاءِ: 156 ]. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ طَائِفَةً مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ قَالُوا: إِنَّهَا حَمَلَتْ بِهِ مِنْ زِنًا فِي زَمَنِ الْحَيْضِ، لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ. فَبَرَّأَهَا اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَأَخْبَرَ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا صِدِّيقَةٌ، وَاتَّخَذَ وَلَدَهَا نَبِيًّا مُرْسَلًا، أَحَدَ أُولِي الْعَزْمِ الْخَمْسَةِ الْكِبَارِ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكًا أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ حَيْثُ كَانَ دَعَا إِلَى عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَنَزَّهَ جَنَابَهُ عَنِ النَّقْصِ وَالْعَيْبِ ; مِنِ اتِّخَاذِ الصَّاحِبَةِ وَالْوَلَدِ، تَعَالَى وَتَقَدَّسَ. وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا وَهَذِهِ وَظِيفَةُ الْعَبِيدِ فِي الْقِيَامِ بِحَقِّ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ ; بِالصَّلَاةِ، وَالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى الْخَلِيقَةِ بِالزَّكَاةِ، وَهِيَ تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى طَهَارَةِ النُّفُوسِ مِنَ الْأَخْلَاقِ الرَّذِيلَةِ، وَتَطْهِيرِ الْأَمْوَالِ الْجَزِيلَةِ بِالْعَطِيَّةِ لِلْمَحَاوِيجِ، عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ الْأَصْنَافِ، وَقِرَى الْأَضْيَافِ، وَالنَّفَقَاتِ عَلَى الزَّوْجَاتِ، وَالْأَرِقَّاءِ، وَالْقَرَابَاتِ، وَسَائِرِ وُجُوهِ الطَّاعَاتِ وَأَنْوَاعِ الْقُرُبَاتِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَتِي وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا أَيْ: وَجَعَلَنِي بَرًّا بِوَالِدَتِي، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ تَأَكَّدَ حَقُّهَا عَلَيْهِ، لِتَمَحُّضِ جِهَتِهَا، إِذْ لَا وَالِدَ لَهُ سِوَاهَا، فَسُبْحَانَ مَنْ خَلَقَ الْخَلِيقَةَ وَبَرَأَهَا، وَأَعْطَى كُلَّ نَفْسٍ هُدَاهَا. وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا أَيْ: لَسْتُ بِفَظٍّ وَلَا غَلِيظٍ، وَلَا يَصْدُرُ مِنِّي قَوْلٌ وَلَا فِعْلٌ يُنَافِي أَمْرَ اللَّهِ وَطَاعَتَهُ. وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَ وُلِدْتُ وَيَوْمَ أَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيًّا وَهَذِهِ الْمَوَاطِنُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّتِي تَقَدَّمَ الْكَلَامُ عَلَيْهَا فِي قِصَّةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ.
Translation
✧ When the situation became difficult—meaning for Maryam (peace be upon her)—and the scope was restricted and speech was prevented, reliance upon the Possessor of Majesty became great, and nothing remained except sincerity and dependence, so she pointed to him, that is: address him and speak to him, for your answer is upon him, and what you seek of speech is with him. At that point, those among them who were tyrants, wretched, said: “How can we speak to one who was in the cradle a child?” That is: how can you refer us for an answer to a small child who does not understand speech, and who is, moreover, an infant in his cradle, unable to distinguish between pure milk and its froth? And this from you is nothing but mockery of us, derision, belittling us, and contempt; for you do not return to us a spoken word, but instead refer us for an answer to one who was in the cradle a child. Thereupon he said: “Indeed, I am the servant of Allah. He has given me the Book and made me a prophet, and made me blessed wherever I am, and enjoined upon me prayer and zakah as long as I live.” This is the first speech ʿĪsā son of Maryam uttered, and the first thing he said was “Indeed, I am the servant of Allah.” He professed to his Lord, Exalted be He, servitude, and that Allah is his Lord, thus exalting the presence of Allah above the saying of the wrongdoers in their claim that he is the son of Allah. Rather, he is His servant and His messenger and the son of His handmaiden. Then he cleared his mother of what the ignorant attributed to her, and with which they slandered her and cast at her on his account, by his words: “He has given me the Book and made me a prophet,” for Allah does not grant prophethood to one who is as they claimed—may Allah curse them and disfigure them—as Allah, Exalted be He, said: “And for their disbelief and their saying against Maryam a great slander” [an-Nisāʾ: 156]. That is because a group of the Jews at that time said that she conceived him through fornication during her menstrual period—may Allah curse them. So Allah cleared her of that, and reported that she is a woman of truth, and made her son a prophet sent, one of the five great Messengers of firm resolve. For this reason he said: “and made me blessed wherever I am,” for wherever he was he called to the worship of Allah alone, with no partner, and exalted His presence above deficiency and defect—from taking a consort or a son—exalted and sanctified be He. “And enjoined upon me prayer and zakah as long as I live”—and this is the duty of servants in fulfilling the right of the Mighty, the Praiseworthy through prayer, and in doing good to creation through zakah, which includes purification of souls from blameworthy character traits and cleansing of abundant wealth by giving to the needy of various categories, hosting guests, spending on wives, slaves, and relatives, and all other forms of obedience and types of acts of nearness. Then he said: “and dutiful to my mother, and He has not made me a tyrant, wretched,” that is: He made me dutiful to my mother, for her right over him was confirmed because of the purity of her side, since he had no father other than her—so glory be to Him who created creation and brought it forth, and gave every soul its guidance. “And He has not made me a tyrant, wretched,” that is: I am neither harsh nor rough, and no word or deed issues from me that contradicts the command of Allah and obedience to Him. “And peace be upon me the day I was born, the day I die, and the day I am raised alive”—and these are the three occasions mentioned earlier in the story of Yaḥyā b. Zakariyyā, upon them both be peace.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.