Tarikh (al-Tabari) 318
The story of ʿĪsā b. Maryam (peace be upon him)
بدء الوحي قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حِينَ تَمَّ لَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَبْرُزَ لِلنَّاسِ فَيَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَكَانُوا أَرْبَابَ أَوْثَانٍ، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِنْجِيلَ بِالسُّرْيَانِيَّةِ. معجزة إحياء الموتى وَعَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمْ يَبْقَ فِي مَدِينَتِهِمْ زَمِنٌ وَلَا مُبْتَلًى وَلَا مَرِيضٌ إِلَّا اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ فَدَعَا لَهُمْ فَشَفَاهُمُ اللَّهُ، فَصَدَّقُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوهُ، ثُمَّ قَالُوا لَهُ: ابْعَثْ لَنَا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ، قَالَ: مَنْ تُرِيدُونَ ؟ قَالُوا: سَامَ بْنَ نُوحٍ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ مُنْذُ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ، قَالَ: تَعْلَمُونَ أَيْنَ قَبْرُهُ ؟ قَالُوا: فِي وَادِي كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَانْطَلَقُوا إِلَى الْوَادِي، فَصَلَّى عِيسَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، إِنَّهُمْ سَأَلُونِي مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ، فَابْعَثْ لِي سَامَ بْنَ نُوحٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا سَامُ بْنَ نُوحٍ، قُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ نَادَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ نَادَى الثَّالِثَةَ، فَأَجَابَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ قَدِ انْشَقَّتْ عَنْهُ، فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ يَنْفُضُ التُّرَابَ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتَهُ، هَا أَنَا ذَا قَدْ جِئْتُكَ. فَقَالَ: يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، هَذَا عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ، ابْنُ الْعَذْرَاءِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ، رُوحُ اللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ، فَآمِنُوا بِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّكَ لَمَّا دَعَوْتَنِي جَمَعَ اللَّهُ مَفَاصِلِي وَعِظَامِي، ثُمَّ سَوَّانِي [ خَلْقًا ] فَلَمَّا دَعَوْتَنِي الثَّانِيَةَ رَجَعَتْ إِلَيَّ رُوحِي، فَلَمَّا دَعَوْتَنِي الثَّالِثَةَ خِفْتُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْقِيَامَةَ، فَشَابَ رَأْسِي وَأَتَانِي مَلَكٌ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا عِيسَى يَدْعُوكَ لِتُصَدِّقَ مَقَالَتَهُ، يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ، سَلْ رَبَّكَ أَنْ يَرُدَّنِي إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ فَلَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِي الدُّنْيَا. قَالَ عِيسَى: فَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعِي، قَالَ: يَا عِيسَى، أَكْرَهُ كَرْبَ الْمَوْتِ، مَا ذَاقَ الذَّائِقُونَ مِثْلَهُ. فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ فَاسْتَوَتْ عَلَيْهِ الأْرَضُ، وَقَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَبَلَغَ عِدَّةُ مَنْ آمَنَ بِعِيسَى سَبْعَةَ آلَافٍ. قَالَ ابن الجوزي: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَحْيَاهُ حَامُ [ بْنُ نُوحٍ ]. وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: قِيلَ لِعِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: أَحْيِ حَامَ بْنَ نُوحٍ، فَقَالَ: أَرُونِي قَبْرَهُ، فَأَرَوْهُ فَقَامَ فَقَالَ: يَا حَامُ بْنَ نُوحٍ احْيَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ، ثُمَّ قَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، فَإِذَا شِقُّ رَأْسِهِ وَلِحْيَتِهِ أَبْيَضُ. فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الدُّعَاءَ الْأَوَّلَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَشَابَ لَهُ شِقِّي، ثُمَّ سَمِعْتُ الثَّانِيَ فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا فَخَرَجْتُ. قَالَ: مُنْذُ كَمْ مِتَّ ؟ قَالَ: مُنْذُ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ سَنَةٍ مَا ذَهَبَتْ عَنِّي سَكْرَةُ الْمَوْتِ. وَعَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ، وَوَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَسَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ - دَخَلَ حَدِيثُ بَعْضِهِمْ فِي بَعْضٍ - قَالُوا: لَمَّا بُعِثَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَجَاءَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ، جَعَلَ الْكَافِرُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ يَعْجَبُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَسْتَهْزِئُونَ بِهِ فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا أَكَلَ فُلَانٌ الْبَارِحَةَ، وَمَا ادَّخَرَ فِي بَيْتِهِ ؟ فَيُخْبِرُهُمْ، فَيَزْدَادُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِيمَانًا، وَالْكَافِرُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ شَكًّا وَكُفْرَانًا، وَكَانَ عِيسَى، مَعَ ذَلِكَ، لَيْسَ لَهُ مَنْزِلٌ يَأْوِي إِلَيْهِ، إِنَّمَا يَسِيحُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَيْسَ لَهُ قَرَارٌ وَلَا مَوْضِعٌ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا أَحْيَا مِنَ الْمَوْتَى ، أَنَّهُ مَرَّ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ قَاعِدَةٍ عِنْدَ قَبْرٍ وَهِيَ تَبْكِي، فَقَالَ لَهَا: مَا لَكِ أَيَّتُهَا الْمَرْأَةُ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: مَاتَتِ ابْنَةٌ لِي لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي وَلَدٌ غَيْرُهَا، وَإِنِّي عَاهَدْتُ رَبِّي أَنْ لَا أَبْرَحُ مِنْ مَوْضِعِي هَذَا حَتَّى أَذُوقَ مَا ذَاقَتْ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ، أَوْ يُحْيِيَهَا اللَّهُ لِي فَأَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا. فَقَالَ لَهَا عِيسَى: أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ نَظَرْتِ إِلَيْهَا أَرَاجِعَةٌ أَنْتِ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالُوا: فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ الْقَبْرِ، فَنَادَى: يَا فُلَانَةُ قُومِي بِإِذْنِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَاخْرُجِي. قَالَ: فَتَحَرَّكَ الْقَبْرُ، ثُمَّ نَادَى الثَّانِيَةَ، فَانْصَدَعَ الْقَبْرُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ نَادَى الثَّالِثَةَ، فَخَرَجَتْ وَهِيَ تَنْفُضُ رَأْسَهَا مِنَ التُّرَابِ، فَقَالَ لَهَا عِيسَى: مَا بَطَّأَ بِكِ عَنِّي ؟ فَقَالَتْ: لَمَّا جَاءَتْنِي الصَّيْحَةُ الْأُولَى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ لِي مَلَكًا فَرَكَّبَ خَلْقِي، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْنِي الصَّيْحَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيَّ رُوحِي، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْنِي الصَّيْحَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ، فَخِفْتُ أَنَّهَا صَيْحَةُ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَشَابَ رَأْسِي وَحَاجِبَايَ وَأَشْفَارُ عَيْنِي ; مِنْ مَخَافَةِ الْقِيَامَةِ. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَتْ عَلَى أُمِّهَا فَقَالَتْ: يَا أُمَّتَاهُ، مَا حَمَلَكِ عَلَى أَنْ أَذُوقَ كَرْبَ الْمَوْتِ مَرَّتَيْنِ ؟ يَا أُمَّتَاهُ، اصْبِرِي وَاحْتَسِبِي، فَلَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِي الدُّنْيَا، يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتَهُ، سَلْ رَبِّي أَنْ يَرُدَّنِي إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ، وَأَنْ يُهَوِّنَ عَلَيَّ كَرْبَ الْمَوْتِ. فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ فَقَبَضَهَا إِلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَوَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْأَرْضُ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْيَهُودَ، فَازْدَادُوا عَلَيْهِ غَضَبًا. قَالَ وَهْبٌ: بَيْنَمَا عِيسَى يَلْعَبُ مَعَ الصِّبْيَانِ إِذْ وَثَبَ غُلَامٌ عَلَى صَبِيٍّ فَضَرَبَهُ بِرِجْلِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَلْقَاهُ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيِ الْمَسِيحِ مُتَلَطِّخًا بِالدَّمِ، فَانْطَلَقُوا بِهِ إِلَى الْحَاكِمِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْبَلَدِ فَقَالُوا: قَتَلَ صَبِيًّا، فَسَأَلَهُ الْحَاكِمُ، فَقَالَ: مَا قَتَلْتُهُ. فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَبْطِشُوا بِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِيتُونِي بِالصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ، فَتَعَجَّبُوا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَأَحْضَرُوا عِنْدَهُ الْقَتِيلَ، فَدَعَا اللَّهَ فَأَحْيَاهُ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ قَتَلَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: قَتَلَنِي فُلَانٌ، يَعْنِي الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ. فَقَالَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ لِلْقَتِيلِ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْغُلَامُ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ.
Translation
✧ The beginning of revelation The scholars of the prophetic biography said: Allah, exalted is He, revealed to ʿĪsā ﷺ when he had completed thirty years, and commanded him to appear to the people and call them to Allah, mighty and majestic is He. They were idol worshippers. Then He sent down to him the Gospel in Syriac. The miracle of raising the dead On the authority of Salmān al-Fārisī, he said: There did not remain in their city any chronically ill person, any afflicted one, or any sick person but they gathered to him and he supplicated for them, and Allah healed them. So they believed him and followed him. Then they said to him: Raise for us someone from the hereafter. He said: Whom do you want? They said: Sām b. Nūḥ, for he died so many thousand years ago. He said: Do you know where his grave is? They said: In such-and-such a valley. So they went to the valley. ʿĪsā prayed two rakʿahs, then said: O Lord, they have asked me for what You know, so raise for me Sām b. Nūḥ. Then he said: O Sām b. Nūḥ, rise by Allah's permission. Then he called again in the same manner. Then he called a third time, and he answered him. Then he looked, and the earth had split open from him, and he came out shaking the dust from his head while saying: At Your service, O Messenger of Allah and His Word! Here I am, I have come to you. Then he said: O Children of Israel, this is ʿĪsā b. Maryam, the son of the blessed virgin, the Spirit of Allah and His Word which He cast to Maryam. So believe in him and follow him. Then he said: O Spirit of Allah, when you called me the first time, Allah gathered my joints and bones and fashioned me [as a creation]. When you called me the second time, my spirit returned to me. When you called me the third time, I feared that it might be the Hour, so my hair turned white. Then an angel came to me and said: This is ʿĪsā calling you to confirm his statement. O Spirit of Allah, ask your Lord to return me to the hereafter, for I have no need of this world. ʿĪsā said: Do you wish to remain with me? He said: O ʿĪsā, I detest the agony of death; no taster has ever experienced the like of it. So he supplicated his Lord, and the earth closed over him, and Allah took him to Himself. The number of those who believed in ʿĪsā reached seven thousand. Ibn al-Jawzī said: It has also been narrated that the one he raised was Ḥām [b. Nūḥ]. On the authority of Ibn Shihāb, he said: It was said to ʿĪsā b. Maryam ﷺ: Raise Ḥām b. Nūḥ. He said: Show me his grave. So they showed it to him, and he stood and said: O Ḥām b. Nūḥ, live by Allah's permission. But he did not come out. Then he said it a second time, and there he was with half his head and beard white. He said: What is this? He said: I heard the first call and thought it was from Allah, mighty and majestic is He, so one side of me turned white. Then I heard the second call and knew that it was from this world, so I came out. He said: How long have you been dead? He said: For four thousand years, and the stupor of death has not left me. On the authority of Kaʿb al-Aḥbār, Wahb b. Munabbih, Ibn ʿAbbās, and Salmān al-Fārisī — their narrations being interwoven — they said: When ʿĪsā b. Maryam was sent and came to them with clear signs, the disbelievers and hypocrites among the Children of Israel began to marvel at him and mock him, saying: What did so-and-so eat last night, and what did he store in his house? And he would tell them. The believers increased in faith, while the disbelievers and hypocrites increased in doubt and disbelief. Despite all this, ʿĪsā had no home to which he could retreat; he wandered the earth with no fixed place or known abode. The first of the dead he raised was this: One day he passed by a woman sitting at a grave, weeping. He said to her: What is the matter with you, O woman? She said: A daughter of mine has died; I had no child other than her. And I have covenanted with my Lord not to leave this place of mine until I taste what she tasted of death or Allah raises her for me so that I may look at her. ʿĪsā said to her: If you see her, will you then go back? She said: Yes. They said: He prayed two rakʿahs, then came and sat at the grave and called out: O so-and-so, rise by the permission of the Compassionate and come out. He said: The grave shook. Then he called a second time, and the grave split open by Allah's permission. Then he called a third time, and she came out shaking the dust from her head. ʿĪsā said to her: What delayed you from me? She said: When the first cry came to me, Allah sent me an angel who reassembled my creation. Then the second cry came to me, and my spirit returned to me. Then the third cry came to me, and I feared it was the cry of the Hour, so my head, my eyebrows, and the lashes of my eyes turned white from fear of the Hour. Then she turned to her mother and said: O my mother, what made you make me taste the agony of death twice? O my mother, be patient and seek reward, for I have no need of this world. O Spirit of Allah and His Word, ask my Lord to return me to the hereafter and to make the agony of death easy for me. So he supplicated his Lord, and He took her to Himself, and the earth closed over her. This reached the Jews, and their anger against him increased. Wahb said: While ʿĪsā was playing with the boys, a lad leaped upon a boy and struck him with his foot, killing him, and flung him between the legs of the Messiah, smeared with blood. They took him to the ruler of that town and said: He has killed a boy. The ruler questioned him, and he said: I did not kill him. They wanted to seize him, but he said: Bring me the boy so that I may ask him who killed him. They were astonished at his words and brought the slain boy before him. He supplicated Allah and brought him to life. Then he said: Who killed you? He said: So-and-so killed me, meaning the one who had killed him. The Children of Israel said to the slain boy: Who is this? He said: This is ʿĪsā b. Maryam. Then the boy died at once.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.