Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3152
The Year 201 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ إِحْدَى وَمِائَتَيْنِ ذِكْرُ وِلَايَةِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمَهْدِيِّ بِبَغْدَاذَ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَرَادَ أَهْلُ بَغْدَاذَ أَنْ يُبَايِعُوا الْمَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمَهْدِيِّ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، فَامْتَنَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَرَادُوهُ عَلَى الْإِمْرَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ، عَلَى أَنْ يَدْعُوَ لِلْمَأْمُونِ ( بِالْخِلَافَةِ )، فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ سَبَبَ ذَلِكَ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ قَبْلُ مِنْ إِخْرَاجِ أَهْلِ بَغْدَاذَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ هِشَامٍ مِنْ بَغْدَاذَ. فَلَمَّا اتَّصَلَ إِخْرَاجُهُ مِنْ بَغْدَاذَ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ سَارَ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ إِلَى وَاسِطٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا هَرَبَ إِلَى وَاسِطٍ تَبِعَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدِ بْنِ الْهِنْدَوَانِ، مُخَالِفًا لَهُ، وَقَدْ تَوَلَّى الْقِيَامَ بِأَمْرِ النَّاسِ، وَوَلَّى سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قَحْطَبَةَ الْجَانِبَ الْغَرْبِيَّ، وَنَصْرَ بْنَ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْجَانِبَ الشَّرْقِيَّ. وَكَانَ بِبَغْدَاذَ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ، وَالْفَضْلُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَخُزَيْمَةُ بْنُ خَازِمٍ. وَقَدِمَ عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ مِنَ الرَّقَّةِ مِنْ عِنْدِ طَاهِرٍ، فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ، فَوَافَقَ أَبَاهُ عَلَى قِتَالِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَمَضَيَا وَمَنْ مَعَهُمَا إِلَى قَرْيَةِ ( أَبِي فَرْسَنَ قُرَيْبَ وَاسِطٍ، وَلَقِيَهُمَا فِي طَرِيقِهِمَا عَسَاكِرُ الْحَسَنِ، فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ، فَهَزَمَاهُمْ. وَلَمَّا انْتَهَى مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى دَيْرِ الْعَاقُولِ أَقَامَ بِهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ مُقِيمٌ بِإِسْكَافِ بَنِي الْجُنَيْدِ، عَامِلًا لِلْحَسَنِ عَلَى جُوخَى، وَهُوَ يُكَاتِبُ قُوَّادَ بَغْدَاذَ، فَرَكِبَ إِلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَأَخَذَهُ أَسِيرًا، وَأَخَذَ كُلَّ مَالِهِ، وَسَيَّرَهُ أَسِيرًا إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، وَحَبَسَهُ عِنْدَ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرٍ. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى وَاسِطٍ، وَوَجَّهَ مُحَمَّدٌ ابْنَهُ هَارُونَ مِنْ دَيْرِ الْعَاقُولِ إِلَى النِّيلِ، وَبِهَا نَائِبٌ لِلْحَسَنِ، فَهَزَمَهُ هَارُونُ، وَتَبِعَهُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ. ثُمَّ سَارَ الْمُنْهَزِمُونَ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ بِوَاسِطٍ، وَرَجَعَ هَارُونُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَقَدِ اسْتَوْلَى عَلَى النِّيلِ، وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَهَارُونُ نَحْوَ وَاسِطٍ، فَسَارَ الْحَسَنُ عَنْهَا، وَنَزَلَ خَلْفَهَا. وَكَانَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ مُخْتَفِيًا كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى الْآنِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ بَلَغَ وَاسِطًا طَلَبَ مِنْهُ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَمَّنَهُ، وَظَهَرَ، وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ عَلَى تَعْبِئَةٍ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَسَنُ قُوَّادَهُ وَجُنْدَهُ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، وَثَبَتَ مُحَمَّدٌ حَتَّى جُرِحَ جِرَاحَاتٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، وَانْهَزَمُوا هَزِيمَةً قَبِيحَةً، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَغَنِمُوا مَالَهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ لِسَبْعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ. وَنَزَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ بِفَمِ الصِّلْحِ، وَأَتَاهُمُ الْحَسَنُ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَلَمَّا جَنَّهُمُ اللَّيْلُ ( رَحَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ فَنَزَلُوا الْمَنَازِلَ، فَأَتَاهُمُ الْحَسَنُ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَلَمَّا جَنَّهُمُ اللَّيْلُ ) ارْتَحَلُوا، حَتَّى أَتَوْا جَبُّلَ، فَأَقَامُوا بِهَا، وَوَجَّهَ مُحَمَّدٌ ابْنَهُ عِيسَى إِلَى عُرْنَايَا، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا، وَأَقَامَ مُحَمَّدٌ بِجَرْجَرَايَا، فَاشْتَدَّتْ جِرَاحَاتُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَحَمَلَهُ ابْنُهُ أَبُو زِنْبِيلٍ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، وَخَلَّفَ عَسْكَرَهُ لِسِتٍّ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِر، وَمَاتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، فَدُفِنَ فِي دَارِهِ سِرًّا. وَأَتَى أَبُو زِنْبِيلٍ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنَ خَازِمٍ، فَأَعْلَمَهُ حَالَ أَبِيهِ، وَأَعْلَمَ خُزَيْمَةُ ذَلِكَ النَّاسَ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابَ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَيْهِ، يَبْذُلُ فِيهِ الْقِيَامَ بِأَمْرِ الْحَرْبِ مَقَامَ أَبِيهِ، فَرَضُوا بِهِ، وَصَارَ مَكَانَ أَبِيهِ، وَقَتَلَ أَبُو زِنْبِيلٍ زُهَيْرَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ، ذَبَحَهُ ذَبْحًا وَعَلَّقَ رَأْسَهُ فِي عَسْكَرِ أَبِيهِ. وَبَلَغَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ مَوْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَسَارَ إِلَى الْمُبَارَكِ فَأَقَامَ بِهِ، وَبَعَثَ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ جَيْشًا لَهُ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِأَبِي زِنْبِيلٍ بِفَمِ الصَّرَاةِ، فَهَزَمُوهُ، وَانْحَازَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ هَارُونَ بِالنِّيلِ، فَتَقَدَّمَ جَيْشُ الْحَسَنِ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَلَقُوهُمْ فَاقْتَتَلُوا سَاعَةً، وَانْهَزَمَ هَارُونُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَأَتَوُا الْمَدَائِنَ، وَنَهَبَ أَصْحَابُ الْحَسَنِ النِّيلَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَمَا حَوْلَهَا مِنَ الْقُرَى. وَكَانَ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَالْقُوَّادُ حِينَ مَاتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، قَالُوا: نُصَيِّرُ بَعْضَنَا خَلِيفَةً، وَنَخْلَعُ الْمَأْمُونَ. فَأَتَاهُمْ خَبَرُ هَارُونَ وَهَزِيمَتِهِ، فَجَدُّوا فِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَرْدَوْا مَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمَهْدِيِّ عَلَى الْخِلَافَةِ فَأَبَى، فَجَعَلُوهُ خَلِيفَةً لِلْمَأْمُونِ بِبَغْدَاذَ وَالْعِرَاقِ، وَقَالُوا: لَا نَرْضَى بِالْمَجُوسِيِّ ابْنِ الْمَجُوسِيِّ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عِيسَى لَمَّا سَاعَدَهُ أَهْلُ بَغْدَاذَ عَلَى حَرْبِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ عَلِمَ الْحَسَنُ أَنَّهُ لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُ بِهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ، وَبَذَلَ الْمُصَاهَرَةَ وَمِائَةَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَالْأَمَانَ لَهُ وَلِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَلِأَهْلِ بَغْدَاذَ، وَوِلَايَةَ أَيِّ النَّوَاحِي أَحَبَّ، فَطَلَبَ كِتَابَ الْمَأْمُونِ بِخَطِّهِ، وَكَتَبَ عِيسَى إِلَى أَهْلِ بَغْدَاذَ: إِنِّي مَشْغُولٌ بِالْحَرْبِ عَنْ جِبَايَةِ الْخَرَاجِ، فَوَلُّوا رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ. فَوَلَّوْا مَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمَهْدِيِّ، وَقَالَ: أَنَا خَلِيفَةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمَأْمُونِ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ، أَوْ يُوَلِّيَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ. فَرَضِيَ بِهِ النَّاسُ. وَعَسْكَرَ مَنْصُورٌ بِكَلْوَاذَى، وَبَعَثَ غَسَّانَ بْنَ ( عَبَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي ) الْفَرَجِ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَنَزَلَ بِقَصْرِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ غَسَّانٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَحَاطَ بِهِ حُمَيْدٌ الطُّوسِيُّ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَسِيرًا، وَقَتَلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَرْبَعٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ. وَسَيَّرَ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَقْطِينٍ فِي عَسْكَرٍ إِلَى حُمَيْدٍ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى أَتَى كُوثَى، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى هَجَمَ عَلَيْهِ حُمَيْدٌ، وَكَانَ بِالنِّيلِ، فَقَاتَلَهُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَانْهَزَمَ ابْنُ يَقْطِينٍ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَأُسِرَ، وَغَرِقَ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَنَهَبَ حُمَيْدٌ مَا حَوْلَ كُوثَى مِنَ الْقُرَى، وَرَجَعَ حُمَيْدٌ إِلَى النِّيلِ، وَابْنُ يَقْطِينٍ أَقَامَ بِنَهْرِ صَرْصَرٍ. وَأَحْصَى عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ مَنْ فِي عَسْكَرِهِ، وَكَانُوا مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَخَمْسَةً وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا بَيْنَ فَارِسٍ وَرَاجِلٍ، فَأَعْطَى الْفَارِسَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَالرَّاجِلَ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا.
Translation
✧ Then the year 201 AH commenced. Mention of the governorship of Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī in Baghdādh. In this year the people of Baghdādh wanted to pledge allegiance to al-Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī for the caliphate, but he refused that. Then they wanted him to take command over them, on condition that he would proclaim al-Maʾmūn as caliph, and he agreed to that. The reason for that was what we mentioned before about the people of Baghdādh expelling ʿAlī b. Hishām from Baghdādh. When his expulsion from Baghdādh reached al-Ḥasan b. Sahl, he marched from al-Madāʾin to Wāsiṭ, and that was at the beginning of the year 201 AH. When he fled to Wāsiṭ, Muḥammad b. Abī Khālid b. al-Hindawān pursued him, opposing him. He had taken charge of the people's affairs, and he appointed Saʿīd b. al-Ḥasan b. Qaḥṭabah over the western side and Naṣr b. Ḥamzah b. Mālik over the eastern side. In Baghdādh there were Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī, al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ, and Khuzaymah b. Khāzim. ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Abī Khālid arrived from al-Raqqah from Ṭāhir in those days, and he agreed with his father to fight al-Ḥasan b. Sahl. They both set out with those who were with them to the village of Abī Farsan near Wāsiṭ, and al-Ḥasan's armies met them on their route in more than one place, and they defeated them. When Muḥammad reached Dayr al-ʿĀqūl he stayed there for three days while Zuhayr b. al-Musayyib was staying at Iskāf Banī al-Junayd, acting as al-Ḥasan's governor over Jūkhā. He was corresponding with the commanders of Baghdādh, so Muḥammad rode against him, took him captive, seized all his wealth, and sent him as a prisoner to Baghdādh, where he imprisoned him with his father Jaʿfar. Then Muḥammad advanced to Wāsiṭ. Muḥammad dispatched his son Hārūn from Dayr al-ʿĀqūl to al-Nīl, where there was a deputy of al-Ḥasan. Hārūn defeated him and pursued him to al-Kūfah. Then those who had fled from al-Kūfah went to al-Ḥasan at Wāsiṭ, and Hārūn returned to his father, having taken control of al-Nīl. Muḥammad and Hārūn marched toward Wāsiṭ, so al-Ḥasan left it and camped behind it. Al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ had been in hiding, as was mentioned before, until now. When he saw that Muḥammad had reached Wāsiṭ, he sought a guarantee of safety from him, and Muḥammad granted it, so he came out of hiding. Muḥammad marched against al-Ḥasan in battle formation, and al-Ḥasan sent his commanders and soldiers against him. They fought a fierce battle, and Muḥammad's companions were defeated after the afternoon. Muḥammad stood firm until he was severely wounded, and they suffered a shameful defeat. Many of them were killed, and their property was taken as booty. That was on the 23rd of Rabīʿ al-Awwal. Muḥammad camped at Fam al-Ṣilḥ, and al-Ḥasan came to them. They fought, and when night fell, Muḥammad and his companions departed and camped at the way stations. Al-Ḥasan came to them and they fought, and when night fell, they departed until they reached Jabbul, where they stayed. Muḥammad dispatched his son ʿĪsā to ʿUrnāyā, and he stayed there, while Muḥammad stayed at Jarjarāyā. Muḥammad's wounds worsened, and his son Abū Zinbīl carried him to Baghdādh, leaving his army behind on the 6th of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir. Muḥammad b. Abī Khālid died and was buried secretly in his house. Abū Zinbīl went to Khuzaymah b. Khāzim and informed him of his father's condition. Khuzaymah informed the people of that and read to them the letter of ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad to him, in which he offered to take charge of the war in his father's place. They were satisfied with that, and he took his father's place. Abū Zinbīl killed Zuhayr b. al-Musayyib that very night, slaughtering him and hanging his head in his father's army. The news of Muḥammad's death reached al-Ḥasan b. Sahl, and he marched to al-Mubārak and stayed there. In Jumādā al-Ākhirah he sent an army of his, and they met Abū Zinbīl at Fam al-Ṣarāh and defeated him. He withdrew to his brother Hārūn at al-Nīl. Al-Ḥasan's army advanced against them, and they met and fought for a while. Hārūn and his companions were defeated, and they went to al-Madāʾin. Al-Ḥasan's companions plundered al-Nīl for three days and the surrounding villages. When Muḥammad b. Abī Khālid died, the Banū Hāshim and the commanders said: "We will make one of us caliph and depose al-Maʾmūn." Then the news of Hārūn and his defeat came to them, so they pressed on with that. They urged Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī to take the caliphate, but he refused, so they made him caliph for al-Maʾmūn in Baghdādh and Iraq. They said: "We will not accept the Magian, son of the Magian, al-Ḥasan b. Sahl." It is also said that when the people of Baghdādh supported ʿĪsā in fighting al-Ḥasan b. Sahl, al-Ḥasan realized that he had no strength against him, so he sent to him and offered a marriage alliance, one hundred thousand dinars, a guarantee of safety for him and his household and for the people of Baghdādh, and governorship of whichever regions he preferred. ʿĪsā asked for a letter from al-Maʾmūn in his own handwriting. ʿĪsā wrote to the people of Baghdādh: "I am occupied with the war and cannot collect the land tax, so appoint a man from the Banū Hāshim." So they appointed Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī. He said: "I am the caliph of the Commander of the Faithful al-Maʾmūn until he arrives or appoints whomever he wishes." The people were satisfied with him. Manṣūr encamped at Kalwādhā and sent Ghassān b. ʿAbbād b. Abī al-Faraj to the region of al-Kūfah. He camped at Qaṣr Ibn Hubayrah. Ghassān was taken by surprise when Ḥumayd al-Ṭūsī surrounded him, captured him, and killed some of his companions. That was on the 4th of Rajab. Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī dispatched Muḥammad b. Yaqṭīn with an army against Ḥumayd. He marched until he reached Kūthā, and before he realized anything, Ḥumayd attacked him. He had been at al-Nīl. They fought a fierce battle, and Ibn Yaqṭīn was defeated. Some of his companions were killed, some were captured, and many drowned. Ḥumayd plundered the villages around Kūthā and returned to al-Nīl, while Ibn Yaqṭīn stayed at Nahr Ṣarṣar. ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Abī Khālid counted the men in his army, and they were one hundred twenty-five thousand, including cavalry and infantry. He gave each horseman forty dirhams and each foot soldier twenty dirhams.
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