Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3140
The Year 200 AH
ذِكْرُ مَا فَعَلَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْأَفْطَسُ بِمَكَّةَ وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ، نَزَعَ الْحُسَيْنُ كُسْوَةَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَكَسَاهَا كُسْوَةً أُخْرَى، أَنْفَذَهَا أَبُو السَّرَايَا مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، مِنَ الْقَزِّ، وَتَتَبَّعَ وَدَائِعَ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَأَتْبَاعَهُمْ وَأَخَذَهَا، وَأَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِحُجَّةِ الْوَدَائِعِ، فَهَرَبَ النَّاسُ مِنْهُ، وَتَطَرَّقَ أَصْحَابُهُ إِلَى قَلْعِ شَبَابِيكِ الْحَرَمِ، وَأَخْذِ مَا عَلَى الْأَسَاطِينِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ، وَهُوَ نَزْرٌ حَقِيرٌ، وَأَخْذِ مَا فِي خِزَانَةِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَسَّمَهُ مَعَ كُسْوَتِهَا عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ قَتْلُ أَبِي السَّرَايَا، وَرَأَى تَغَيُّرَ النَّاسِ لِسُوءِ سِيرَتِهِ وَسِيرَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ، أَتَى هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَكَانَ شَيْخًا مُحَبَّبًا لِلنَّاسِ، مُفَارِقًا لِمَا عَلَيْهِ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ مِنْ قُبْحِ السِّيرَةِ، وَكَانَ يَرْوِي الْعِلْمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرٍ ؓ وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَكْتُبُونَ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ يُظْهِرُ زُهْدًا، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْهُ قَالُوا لَهُ: تَعْلَمُ مَنْزِلَتَكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَهَلُمَّ نُبَايِعْ لَكَ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْتَ لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ عَلَيْكَ رَجُلَانِ. فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ ابْنُهُ عَلِيٌّ وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْأَفْطَسُ حَتَّى غَلَبَاهُ عَلَى رَأْيِهِ، وَأَجَابَهُمْ، وَأَقَامُوهُ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، فَبَايَعُوهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، وَجَمَعُوا لَهُ النَّاسَ، فَبَايَعُوهُ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا، وَسَمَّوْهُ " أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ "، فَبَقِيَ شُهُورًا وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ، وَابْنُهُ عَلِيٌّ وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَجَمَاعَتُهُمْ أَسْوَأُ مَا كَانُوا سِيرَةً وَأَقْبَحُ فِعْلًا، فَوَثَبَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي فِهْرٍ كَانْتْ جَمِيلَةً، وَأَرَادَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهَا، فَامْتَنَعَتْ، فَأَخَافَ زَوْجَهَا، وَهُوَ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، حَتَّى تَوَارَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ كَسَرَ بَابَ دَارِهَا، وَأَخَذَهَا إِلَيْهِ مُدَّةً ثُمَّ هَرَبَتْ مِنْهُ. وَوَثَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَى غُلَامٍ أَمَرَدَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ قَاضِي مَكَّةَ، يُقَالُ لَهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكَانَ جَمِيلًا، فَأَخَذَهُ قَهْرًا. فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ وَمَنْ بِهَا مِنَ الْمُجَاوِرِينَ اجْتَمَعُوا بِالْحَرَمِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُمْ جَمْعٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَأَتَوْ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: لَنَخْلَعَنَّكَ، أَوْ لَنَقْتُلَنَّكَ، أَوْ لَتَرُدَنَّ إِلَيْنَا هَذَا الْغُلَامَ ! فَأَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ وَكَلَّمَهُمْ مِنْ شُبَّاكٍ، وَطَلَبَ مِنْهُمُ الْأَمَانَ لِيَرْكَبَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ وَيَأْخُذَ الْغُلَامَ، وَحَلَفَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَمَّنُوهُ، فَرَكِبَ ( إِلَى ابْنِهِ ) وَأَخَذَ الْغُلَامَ مِنْهُ وَسَلَّمَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ. وَلَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى قَدِمَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْعَبَّاسِيُّ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ فَنَزَلَ الْمُشَاشَ، وَاجْتَمَعَ الطَّالِبِيُّونَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَعْلَمُوهُ، وَحَفَرُوا خَنْدَقًا، وَجَمَعُوا النَّاسَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ إِسْحَاقُ، ثُمَّ كَرِهَ الْقِتَالَ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ الْعِرَاقِ، فَلَقِيَهُ الْجُنْدُ الَّذِينَ أَنْفَذَهُمْ هَرْثَمَةُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَمَعَهُمُ الْجَلُودِيُّ وَرَجَاءُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ، فَقَالُوا لِإِسْحَاقَ: ارْجِعْ مَعَنَا، وَنَحْنُ نَكْفِيكَ الْقِتَالَ. فَرَجَعَ مَعَهُمْ، فَقَاتَلُوا الطَّالِبِيِّينَ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ، فَأَرْسَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ يَطْلُبُ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَمَّنُوهُ، وَدَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسِيُّونَ مَكَّةَ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ وَتَفَرَّقَ الطَّالِبِيُّونَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ. وَأَمَّا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فَسَارَ نَحْوَ الْجُحْفَةِ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ بَعْضُ مَوَالِي بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، فَأَخَذَ جَمِيعَ مَا مَعَهُ، وَأَعْطَاهُ دُرَيْهَمَاتٍ يَتَوَصَّلُ بِهَا، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ بِلَادِ جُهَيْنَةَ، فَجَمَعَ بِهَا، وَقَاتَلَ هَارُونَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَالِيَ الْمَدِينَةِ، عِنْدَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا، عِدَّةَ دَفَعَاتٍ، فَانْهَزَمَ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَفُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ بِنُشَّابَةٍ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهِ. فَلَمَّا انْقَضَى الْمَوْسِمُ طَلَبَ الْأَمَانَ مِنَ الْجُلُودِيِّ، وَمِنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَأَمَّنَهُ، وَضَمِنَ لَهُ رَجَاءٌ عَنِ الْمَأْمُونِ وَعَنِ الْفَضْلِ الْوَفَاءَ بِالْأَمَانِ، فَقَبِلَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَتَى مَكَّةَ لِعَشْرٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ وَقَالَ: إِنَّنِي بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ مَاتَ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ فِي عُنُقِي بَيْعَةٌ، وَكَانَتْ فِتْنَةٌ عَمَّتِ الْأَرْضَ، فَبَايَعَنِي النَّاسُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ صَحَّ عِنْدِي أَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ حَيٌّ صَحِيحٌ، وَأَنَا أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ مِنَ الْبَيْعَةِ، وَقَدْ خَلَعْتُ نَفْسِي مِنَ الْبَيْعَةِ الَّتِي بَايَعْتُمُونِي عَلَيْهَا، كَمَا خَلَعْتُ خَاتَمِي هَذَا مِنْ إِصْبَعِي، فَلَا بَيْعَةَ لِي فِي رِقَابِكُمْ. ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَسَارَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَمِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَسَيَّرَهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ إِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ بِمَرْوَ، فَلَمَّا سَارَ الْمَأْمُونُ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ صَحِبَهُ، فَمَاتَ بِجُرْجَانَ، عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى -.
Translation
✧ Mention of what al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-Afṭas did in Makkah and the pledge of allegiance to Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar In this year, in Muḥarram, al-Ḥusayn stripped the covering of the Kaʿbah and clothed it with another covering, which Abū al-Sarāyā had sent from Kufa, made of silk. He sought out the deposits of the Banū al-ʿAbbās and their followers and took them, and he took people's wealth under the pretext of deposits, so the people fled from him. His companions went so far as to tear out the windows of the sanctuary and take the small, insignificant amount of gold that was on the columns, and take what was in the treasury of the Kaʿbah, and he divided it along with its covering among his companions. When news of the killing of Abū al-Sarāyā reached him, and he saw the people's change toward him because of his bad conduct and the conduct of his companions, he and his companions came to Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī ﷺ. He was an old man beloved to the people, separate from the bad conduct that many of his family had. He related knowledge from his father Jaʿfar ؓ, and the people used to write from him, and he showed asceticism. When they came to him, they said to him: "You know your standing among the people. Come, let us pledge allegiance to you for the caliphate. If you do, no two men will dispute you." He refused that, but his son ʿAlī and al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-Afṭas kept at him until they overcame his judgment, and he answered them. They set him up in Rabīʿ al-Awwal and pledged allegiance to him for the caliphate. They gathered the people to him, and they pledged allegiance to him willingly and unwillingly, and they called him "Commander of the Faithful." He remained for months with nothing of the matter, while his son ʿAlī, al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan, and their group were of the worst conduct and ugliest deed. Al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan attacked a woman of the Banū Fihr who was beautiful and desired her for himself. She refused, so he frightened her husband, who was of the Banū Makhzūm, until he hid from him. Then he broke the door of her house and took her to himself for a period, then she fled from him. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar attacked a beardless youth, the son of the judge of Makkah, called Isḥāq b. Muḥammad, who was handsome, and took him by force. When the people of Makkah and those residing there saw that, they gathered in the sanctuary, and a large crowd gathered with them. They came to Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar and said to him: "We will depose you, or we will kill you, or you must return this youth to us!" He locked his door and spoke to them from a window. He asked them for safe conduct so that he could ride to his son and take the youth. He swore to them that he had not known of it, so they granted him safe conduct. He rode to his son, took the youth from him, and handed him over to his family. They had not tarried but a little when Isḥāq b. Mūsā al-ʿAbbāsī arrived from Yemen and encamped at al-Mushāsh. The Ṭālibīs gathered to Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar and informed him. They dug a trench and gathered people from the Bedouin and others. Isḥāq fought them, then disliked the fighting, so he set out toward Iraq. The troops whom Harthama had sent to Makkah met him, and with them were al-Julūdī and Rajāʾ b. Jamīl. They said to Isḥāq: "Return with us, and we will spare you the fighting." He returned with them, and they fought the Ṭālibīs and defeated them. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar sent to request safe conduct, and they granted it to him. The ʿAbbāsīs entered Makkah in Jumādā al-Ākhirah, and the Ṭālibīs dispersed from Makkah. As for Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar, he traveled toward al-Juḥfah. Some of the clients of the Banū al-ʿAbbās caught up with him and took all that was with him, and gave him a few dirhams with which to get by. He traveled toward the lands of Juhaynah, gathered forces there, and fought Hārūn b. al-Musayyab, the governor of Madinah, at al-Shajarah and elsewhere, several times. Muḥammad was defeated, his eye was put out by an arrow, and many of his companions were killed, and he returned to his place. When the pilgrimage season ended, he sought safe conduct from al-Julūdī and from Rajāʾ b. Jamīl, who was the cousin of al-Faḍl b. Sahl. He granted him safe conduct, and Rajāʾ guaranteed for him, on behalf of al-Maʾmūn and al-Faḍl, fulfillment of the safe conduct. He accepted that. He came to Makkah with ten nights remaining of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. He addressed the people and said: "I have learned that al-Maʾmūn has died, and there was a pledge of allegiance to me on your necks, and there was a tribulation that covered the land, so the people pledged allegiance to me. Then it became clear to me that al-Maʾmūn is alive and well. I seek forgiveness from God for the pledge of allegiance, and I have removed myself from the pledge of allegiance that you pledged to me, just as I have removed this ring of mine from my finger. There is no pledge of allegiance on your necks to me." Then he descended and traveled in the year two hundred and one to Iraq. Al-Ḥasan b. Sahl sent him on to al-Maʾmūn in Marw. When al-Maʾmūn traveled to Iraq, he accompanied him, and he died in Jurjān, as we shall mention, God Almighty willing.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.