Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3134
The year 199 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ ذِكْرُ ظُهُورِ ابْنِ طَبَاطَبَا الْعَلَوِيِّ وَفِيهَا ظَهَرَ ( أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ) مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - لِعَشْرٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ، بِالْكُوفَةِ، يَدْعُو إِلَى الرِّضَى مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَالْعَمَلِ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ طَبَاطَبَا، وَكَانَ الْقَيِّمَ بِأَمْرِهِ فِي الْحَرْبِ أَبُو السَّرَايَا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَكَانَ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ وَلَدِ هَانِئِ بْنِ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ هَانِئِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ. وَكَانَ سَبَبَ خُرُوجِهِ أَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ لَمَّا صَرَفَ طَاهِرًا عَمَّا كَانَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ الَّتِي افْتَتَحَهَا، وَوَجَّهَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ إِلَيْهَا - تَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ بِالْعِرَاقِ أَنَّ الْفَضْلَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ غَلَبَ عَلَى الْمَأْمُونِ، وَأَنَّهُ أَنْزَلَهُ قَصْرًا حَجَبَهُ فِيهِ عَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَقُوَّادِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ يَسْتَبِدُّ بِالْأَمْرِ دُونَهُ، فَغَضِبَ لِذَلِكَ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَوُجُوهُ النَّاسِ، وَاجْتَرَءُوا عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، وَهَاجَتِ الْفِتَنُ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ ظَهَرَ ابْنُ طَبَاطَبَا بِالْكُوفَةِ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ سَبَبَ اجْتِمَاعِ ابْنِ طَبَاطَبَا بِأَبِي السَّرَايَا أَنَّ أَبَا السَّرَايَا كَانَ يَكْرِي الْحَمِيرَ، ثُمَ5 قَوِيَ حَالُهُ، فَجَمَعَ نَفَرًا، فَقَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ بِالْجَزِيرَةِ، وَأَخَذَ مَا مَعَهُ، فَطُلِبَ، فَاخْتَفَى، وَعَبَرَ الْفُرَاتَ إِلَى الْجَانِبِ الشَّامِيِّ، فَكَانَ يَقْطَعُ الطَّرِيقَ فِي تِلْكَ النَّوَاحِي، ثُمَّ لَحِقَ بِيَزِيدَ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ بِ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ، وَمَعَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ فَارِسًا، فَقَوَّدَهُ، فَجَعَلَ يُقَاتِلُ مَعَهُ الْخَرَّمِيَّةَ، وَأَثَّرَ فِيهِمْ وَفَتَكَ، وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ غُلَامَهُ أَبَا الشَّوْكِ. فَلَمَّا عُزِلَ أَسَدٌ عَنْ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ صَارَ أَبُو السَّرَايَا إِلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ، فَوَجَّهَهُ أَحْمَدُ طَلِيعَةً إِلَى عَسْكَرِ هَرْثَمَةَ فِي فِتْنَةِ الْأَمِينِ وَالْمَأْمُونِ، وَكَانَتْ شَجَاعَتُهُ قَدِ اشْتَهَرَتْ، فَرَاسَلَهُ هَرْثَمَةُ ( يَسْتَمِيلُهُ، فَمَالَ إِلَيْهِ، فَانْتَقَلَ إِلَى عَسْكَرِهِ، وَقَصَدَهُ الْعَرَبُ ) مِنَ الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَاسْتَخْرَجَ لَهُمُ الْأَرْزَاقَ مِنْ هَرْثَمَةَ، فَصَارَ مَعَهُ نَحْوُ أَلْفَيْ فَارِسٍ وَرَاجِلٍ، فَصَارَ يُخَاطَبُ بِالْأَمِيرِ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْأَمِينُ نَقَصَهُ هَرْثَمَةُ مِنْ أَرْزَاقِهِ وَأَرْزَاقِ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَهُ فِي الْحَجِّ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَفَرَّقَهَا فِي أَصْحَابِهِ وَمَضَى، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: اتَّبِعُونِي مُتَفَرِّقِينَ. فَفَعَلُوا، فَاجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ مِنْهُمْ نَحْوٌ مِنْ مِائَتَيْ فَارِسٍ، فَسَارَ بِهِمْ إِلَى عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ وَحَصَرَ عَامِلَهَا، وَأَخَذَ مَا مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَفَرَّقَهُ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ. وَسَارَ، فَلَقِيَ عَامِلًا آخَرَ وَمَعَهُ مَالٌ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ بِغَالٍ، فَأَخَذُوهَا وَسَارَ، فَلَحِقَهُ عَسْكَرٌ كَانَ قَدْ سَيَّرَهُ هَرْثَمَةُ خَلْفَهُ، فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَدَخَلَ الْبَرِّيَّةَ، وَقَسَّمَ الْمَالَ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَانْتَشَرَ جُنْدُهُ، فَلَحِقَ بِهِ مَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ دَقُوقَاءَ، وَعَلَيْهَا أَبُو ضِرْغَامَةَ الْعِجْلِيُّ، فِي سَبْعِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ فَلَقِيَهُ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَانْهَزَمَ أَبُو ضِرْغَامَةَ وَدَخَلَ قَصْرَ دَقُوقَاءَ، فَحَصَرَهُ أَبُو السَّرَايَا، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْقَصْرِ بِالْأَمَانِ، وَأَخَذَ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ. وَسَارَ إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ وَعَلَيْهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ الشَّرَوِيُّ، مَوْلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَقَتَلَهُ أَبُو السَّرَايَا، وَأَخَذَ مَا فِيهَا وَسَارَ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعْدَ إِدْرَاكِ الْغِلَالِ، فَاحْتَوَى عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ ضَجِرَ مِنْ طُولِ السُّرَى فِي الْبِلَادِ، فَقَصَدَ الرَّقَّةَ، فَمَرَّ بِطَوْقِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ التَّغْلِبِيِّ وَهُوَ يُحَارِبُ الْقَيْسِيَّةَ، فَأَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَقَامَ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ يُقَاتِلُ عَلَى غَيْرِ طَمَعٍ إِلَّا لِلْعَصَبِيَّةِ لِلرَّبَعِيَّةِ عَلَى الْمُضَرِيَّةِ، فَظَفِرَ طَوْقٌ وَانْقَادَتْ لَهُ قَيْسٌ. وَسَارَ عَنْهُ أَبُو السَّرَايَا إِلَى الرَّقَّةِ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَهَا لَقِيَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ طَبَاطَبَا، فَبَايَعَهُ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: انْحَدِرْ أَنْتَ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَأَسِيرُ أَنَا عَلَى الْبَرِّ، حَتَّى نُوَافِيَ الْكُوفَةَ. فَدَخَلَاهَا، وَابْتَدَأَ أَبُو السَّرَايَا بِقَصْرِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى فَأَخَذَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْجَوَاهِرِ، وَكَانَ عَظِيمًا لَا يُحْصَى، وَبَايَعَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ سَبَبَ خُرُوجِهِ أَنَّ أَبَا السَّرَايَا كَانَ مِنْ رِجَالِ هَرْثَمَةَ، فَمَطَلَهُ بِأَرْزَاقِهِ فَغَضِبَ، وَمَضَى إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، ( فَبَايَعَ ابْنَ طَبَاطَبَا، وَأَخَذَ الْكُوفَةَ )، وَاسْتَوْسَقَ لَهُ أَهْلُهَا، وَأَتَاهُ النَّاسُ مِنْ نَوَاحِي الْكُوفَةِ وَالْأَعْرَابُ، فَبَايَعُوهُ، وَكَانَ الْعَامِلَ عَلَيْهَا لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمَنْصُورِ، فَلَامَهُ الْحَسَنُ، وَوَجَّهَ زُهَيْرَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ الضَّبِّيَّ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فِي عَشَرَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ وَرَاجِلٍ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ طَبَاطَبَا وَأَبُو السَّرَايَا، فَوَاقَعُوهُ فِي قَرْيَةِ شَاهِي فَهَزَمُوهُ، وَاسْتَبَاحُوا عَسْكَرَهُ، وَكَانَتِ الْوَقْعَةُ سَلْخَ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ، مُسْتَهَلَّ رَجَبٍ، مَاتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ طَبَاطَبَا فَجْأَةً، سَمَّهُ أَبُو السَّرَايَا، وَكَانَ سَبَبَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا غَنِمَ مَا فِي عَسْكَرِ زُهَيْرٍ مَنَعَ عَنْهُ أَبَا السَّرَايَا، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ لَهُ مُطِيعِينَ، فَعَلِمَ أَبُو السَّرَايَا أَنَّهُ لَا حُكْمَ لَهُ مَعَهُ، فَسَمَّهُ فَمَاتَ، وَأَخَذَ غُلَامًا أَمْرَدَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - فَكَانَ الْحُكْمُ إِلَى أَبِي السَّرَايَا. وَرَجَعَ زُهَيْرٌ إِلَى قَصْرِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَأَقَامَ بِهِ، وَوَجَّهَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ عَبْدُوسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْمَرْوَرُوذِيَ، فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو السَّرَايَا، فَلَقِيَهُ بِالْجَامِعِ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً بَقِيَتْ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، فَقَتَلَ عَبْدُوسًا، وَلَمْ يُفْلِتْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَحَدٌ، كَانُوا بَيْنَ قَتِيلٍ وَأَسِيرٍ. وَانْتَشَرَ الطَّالِبِيُّونَ فِي الْبِلَادِ، وَضَرَبَ أَبُو السَّرَايَا الدَّرَاهِمَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَسَيَّرَ جُيُوشَهُ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ وَوَاسِطٍ وَنَوَاحِيهِمَا. فَوَلَّى الْبَصْرَةَ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَعْفَرِيَّ. وَوَلَّى مَكَّةَ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ الْأَفْطَسُ، وَجَعَلَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَوْسِمَ. وَوَلَّى الْيَمَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. ( وَوَلَّى فَارِسَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. وَوَلَّى الْأَهْوَازَ زَيْدَ بْنَ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ )، فَسَارَ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ وَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْهَا الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَعْفَرِيَّ، وَوَلِيَهَا مَعَ الْأَهْوَازِ. وَوَجَّهَ أَبُو السَّرَايَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ ( بْنِ الْحَسَنِ ) بْنِ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بَغْدَاذَ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، فَأَتَى الْمَدَائِنَ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا، وَسَيَّرَ عَسْكَرَهُ إِلَى دَيَالَى. وَكَانَ بِوَاسِطٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْحَرَشِيُّ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا مِنْ قِبَلِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، فَانْهَزَمَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي السَّرَايَا إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْحَسَنُ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَهُ لَا يَلْبَثُونَ لِأَصْحَابِ أَبِي السَّرَايَا - أَرْسَلَ إِلَى هَرْثَمَةَ يَسْتَدْعِيهِ لِمُحَارَبَةِ أَبِي السَّرَايَا، وَكَانَ قَدْ سَارَ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ مُغَاضِبًا لِلْحَسَنِ، فَحَضَرَ بَعْدَ امْتِنَاعٍ، وَسَارَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فِي شَعْبَانَ، وَسَيَّرَ الْحَسَنُ إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ وَوَاسِطٍ عَلِيَّ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، فَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ أَبَا السَّرَايَا وَهُوَ بِقَصْرِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَوَجَّهَ جَيْشًا إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، فَدَخَلَهَا أَصْحَابُهُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَتَقَدَّمَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِنَهْرِ صَرْصَرٍ، وَجَاءَ هَرْثَمَةُ فَعَسْكَرَ بِإِزَائِهِ، بَيْنَهُمَا النَّهْرُ، وَسَارَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فِي شَوَّالٍ إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، فَقَاتَلَ بِهَا أَصْحَابَ أَبِي السَّرَايَا، فَهَزَمَهُمْ وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى الْمَدَائِنِ. وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ أَبَا السَّرَايَا، فَرَجَعَ مِنْ نَهْرِ صَرْصَرٍ إِلَى قَصْرِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَنَزَلَ بِهِ، وَسَارَ هَرْثَمَةُ فِي طَلَبِهِ فَوَجَدَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ، وَوَجَّهَ رُءُوسَهُمْ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، وَنَازَلَ هَرْثَمَةُ أَبَا السَّرَايَا، فَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَقْعَةٌ قُتِلَ فِيهَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي السَّرَايَا، فَانْحَازَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَوَثَبَ مَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الطَّالِبِيِّينَ عَلَى دُورِ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَمَوَالِيهِمْ ( وَأَتْبَاعِهِمْ، فَهَدَمُوهَا )، وَانْتَهَبُوهَا، وَخَرَّبُوا ضِيَاعَهُمْ، وَأَخْرَجُوهُمْ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، وَعَمِلُوا أَعْمَالًا قَبِيحَةً، وَاسْتَخْرَجُوا الْوَدَائِعَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَهُمْ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ. وَكَانَ هَرْثَمَةُ يُخْبِرُ النَّاسَ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ، وَحَبَسَ مَنْ قَدِمَ لِلْحَجِّ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ وَغَيْرِهَا لِيَكُونَ هُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَوْسِمِ، وَوَجَّهَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ دَاوُدَ بْنَ عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ وَكَانَ الَّذِي وَجَّهَهُ أَبُو السَّرَايَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ حُسَيْنَ بْنَ حَسَنٍ الْأَفْطَسَ ابْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، فَدَخَلَهَا، وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلْهُ بِهَا أَحَدٌ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ دَاوُدَ بْنُ عِيسَى تَوْجِيهُ أَبِي السَّرَايَا حُسَيْنَ بْنَ حَسَنٍ إِلَى مَكَّةَ لِإِقَامَةِ الْمَوْسِمِ - جَمَعَ أَصْحَابَ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَمَوَالِيَهُمْ، وَكَانَ مَسْرُورٌ الْكَبِيرٌ قَدْ حَجَّ فِي مِائَتَيْ فَارِسٍ، فَتَعَبَّأَ لِلْحَرْبِ، وَقَالَ لِدَاوُدَ: أَقِمْ إِلَيَّ شَخْصَكَ، أَوْ بَعْضَ وَلَدِكَ، وَأَنَا أَكْفِيكَ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَسْتَحِلُّ الْقِتَالَ فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ، وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ دَخَلُوهَا مِنْ هَذَا الْفَجِّ لَأَخْرُجَنَّ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ. وَانْحَازَ دَاوُدُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْمُشَاشِ، وَافْتَرَقَ الْجَمْعُ الَّذِي كَانَ جَمَعَهُمْ، وَخَافَ مَسْرُورٌ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُمْ، فَخَرَجَ فِي أَثَرِ دَاوُدَ رَاجِعًا إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، وَبَقِيَ النَّاسُ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ عُرْضِ النَّاسِ بِغَيْرِ خُطْبَةٍ، وَدَفَعُوا مِنْ عَرَفَةَ بِغَيْرِ إِمَامٍ. وَكَانَ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَسَنٍ بِسَرَفَ يَخَافُ دُخُولَ مَكَّةَ، حَتَّى خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ أَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ مَكَّةَ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، فَدَخَلَهَا فِي عَشْرَةِ أَنْفُسٍ، فَطَافُوا بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَمَضَوْا إِلَى عَرَفَةَ، فَوَقَفُوا لَيْلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى مُزْدَلِفَةَ، فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ الصُّبْحَ، وَأَقَامَ بِمِنًى أَيَّامَ الْحَجِّ، وَبَقِيَ بِمَكَّةَ إِلَى أَنِ انْقَضَتِ السَّنَةُ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا أَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، حَتَّى انْقَضَتِ السَّنَةُ. وَأَمَّا هَرْثَمَةُ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَلَ بِقَرْيَةِ شَاهِي، وَرَدَّ الْحَاجَّ، وَاسْتَدْعَى مَنْصُورَ بْنَ الْمَهْدِيِّ إِلَيْهِ، وَكَاتَبَ رُؤَسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ. وَأَمَّا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فَإِنَّهُ تَوَجَّهَ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ إِلَى وَاسِطٍ، فَأَخَذَهَا، وَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى أَخْذِهَا هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ.
Translation
✧ Then the year one hundred and ninety-nine AH began. Mention of the appearance of Ibn Ṭabāṭabā the ʿAlawī In this year, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ﷺ appeared on the tenth of Jumādā al-Ākhirah in al-Kūfah, calling for the one pleasing from the family of Muḥammad ﷺ, acting by the Book and the Sunnah. He is the one known as Ibn Ṭabāṭabā. The one directing his military affairs was Abū al-Sarāyā al-Sarī b. Manṣūr, and he used to mention that he was from the descendants of Hāniʾ b. Qabīṣah b. Hāniʾ b. Masʿūd al-Shaybānī. The reason for his emergence was that when al-Maʾmūn dismissed Ṭāhir from the provinces that he had conquered, and appointed al-Ḥasan b. Sahl over them, people in Iraq began to say that al-Faḍl b. Sahl had gained dominance over al-Maʾmūn, that he had lodged him in a palace and veiled him therein from his own household and commanders, and that he was acting independently of him. Because of that, the Banū Hāshim and the notables of the people became angry, they dared to oppose al-Ḥasan b. Sahl, and conflicts erupted in the garrison towns. The first to appear was Ibn Ṭabāṭabā in al-Kūfah. It is said the reason Ibn Ṭabāṭabā came together with Abū al-Sarāyā was that Abū al-Sarāyā used to hire out donkeys, then his situation improved. He gathered a band of men, killed a man of the Banū Tamīm in al-Jazīrah, and took what he had with him. He was sought, so he went into hiding and crossed the Euphrates to the Syrian side, where he took to highway robbery in those regions. Then he joined Yazīd b. Mazyad al-Shaybānī in Armenia with thirty horsemen, and Yazīd appointed him as a commander. He fought alongside him against the Khurramiyyah, inflicted harm upon them, and was audacious. Among them he captured his slave Abū al-Shawk. When Asad was dismissed from Armenia, Abū al-Sarāyā went over to Aḥmad b. Mazyad. Aḥmad dispatched him as a vanguard to the army of Harthamah during the conflict between al-Amīn and al-Maʾmūn. His bravery had become famous, so Harthamah corresponded with him seeking to win him over. He inclined toward him, transferred to his camp, and the Arabs of al-Jazīrah sought him out. He obtained provisions for them from Harthamah, so that he came to have about two thousand horsemen and foot soldiers, and he was addressed as "commander." When al-Amīn was killed, Harthamah reduced his allowances and those of his companions. He asked Harthamah's permission to perform the pilgrimage, and Harthamah gave him permission and gave him twenty thousand dirhams. He distributed the money among his companions and departed, telling them: "Follow me in scattered groups." They did so, and about two hundred horsemen gathered with him. He traveled with them to ʿAyn al-Tamr, besieged its governor, took the money he had with him, and distributed it among his companions. He set out and met another governor who had money on three mules. They took the mules and continued on. An army that Harthamah had sent after him caught up with him, so he turned against them and fought them, routing them. He entered the desert, divided the money among his companions, and his troops dispersed. Those of his companions who had lagged behind and others joined him, so his force grew large. He proceeded toward Daqūqāʾ, whose governor was Abū Ḍirghāmah al-ʿIjlī with seven hundred horsemen. He came out to meet him, they fought, and Abū Ḍirghāmah was defeated and entered the palace of Daqūqāʾ. Abū al-Sarāyā besieged him, expelled him from the palace under a guarantee of safety, and seized the wealth that was with him. He went to al-Anbār, whose governor was Ibrāhīm al-Sharawī, a client of al-Manṣūr. Abū al-Sarāyā killed him, took what was in the city, and left. Then he returned after the crops were ripe and seized them. Then he grew weary of the long marches through the lands, so he headed for al-Raqqah. He passed by Ṭawq b. Mālik al-Taghlibī while the latter was fighting the Qaysīs, so he assisted him against them and stayed with him for four months, fighting without any personal gain except out of partisanship for the Rabīʿah against the Muḍar. Ṭawq was victorious and Qays submitted to him. Abū al-Sarāyā left him for al-Raqqah. When he reached it, he met Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm, known as Ibn Ṭabāṭabā, and gave him allegiance. He said to him: "You go down by water, and I will travel by land until we meet at al-Kūfah." They entered it, and Abū al-Sarāyā began with the palace of al-ʿAbbās b. Mūsā b. ʿĪsā and took from it the money and jewels, which were immense beyond reckoning, and the people of al-Kūfah gave allegiance to them. It is also said that the reason for his emergence was that Abū al-Sarāyā was one of Harthamah's men, but Harthamah delayed his allowances, so he became angry and went to al-Kūfah, gave allegiance to Ibn Ṭabāṭabā, and took al-Kūfah. Its inhabitants became orderly under him, and people came to him from the districts of al-Kūfah and the Bedouins and gave him allegiance. The governor there for al-Ḥasan b. Sahl was Sulaymān b. al-Manṣūr, and al-Ḥasan reproached him. He sent Zuhayr b. al-Musayyab al-Ḍabbī to al-Kūfah with ten thousand horsemen and foot soldiers. Ibn Ṭabāṭabā and Abū al-Sarāyā went out to meet him and engaged him at the village of Shāhī, routing him and plundering his camp. The battle took place at the end of Jumādā al-Ākhirah. The next day, the first of Rajab, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm Ibn Ṭabāṭabā died suddenly; Abū al-Sarāyā had poisoned him. The reason was that after plundering Zuhayr's camp, Ibn Ṭabāṭabā denied the spoils to Abū al-Sarāyā, and the people were obedient to him. Abū al-Sarāyā realized that he would have no authority as long as he was alive, so he poisoned him and he died. He took a beardless youth called Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Zayd b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ﷺ, and authority reverted to Abū al-Sarāyā. Zuhayr returned to the palace of Ibn Hubayrah and stayed there. Al-Ḥasan b. Sahl sent ʿAbdūs b. Muḥammad b. Abī Khālid al-Marwarūdhī with four thousand horsemen. Abū al-Sarāyā went out and met him at al-Jāmiʿ, with thirteen nights remaining of Rajab. He killed ʿAbdūs, and not one of his companions escaped; they were either killed or captured. The Ṭālibīs spread throughout the lands. Abū al-Sarāyā minted dirhams in al-Kūfah and dispatched his armies to al-Baṣrah, Wāsiṭ, and their surrounding areas. He appointed al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad al-Jaʿfarī as governor of al-Baṣrah. He appointed al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, called al-Afṭas, as governor of Makkah and put the pilgrimage season under his charge. He appointed Ibrāhīm b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar as governor of Yemen. He appointed Ismāʿīl b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar as governor of Fārs, and he appointed Zayd b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar as governor of al-Ahwāz. Zayd proceeded to al-Baṣrah, took it, expelled al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad al-Jaʿfarī, and governed it together with al-Ahwāz. Abū al-Sarāyā sent Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī to al-Madāʾin and ordered him to approach Baghdād from the eastern side. He reached al-Madāʾin and stayed there, sending his forces toward Dayālā. In Wāsiṭ, ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿīd al-Ḥarashī was governor on behalf of al-Ḥasan b. Sahl, and he fled from the followers of Abū al-Sarāyā to Baghdād. When al-Ḥasan saw that his men could not withstand Abū al-Sarāyā's followers, he sent to Harthamah summoning him to fight Abū al-Sarāyā. Harthamah had gone to Khurāsān in anger at al-Ḥasan, but he came after some hesitation. He marched to al-Kūfah in Shaʿbān, and al-Ḥasan sent ʿAlī b. Saʿīd to al-Madāʾin and Wāsiṭ. The news reached Abū al-Sarāyā while he was at the palace of Ibn Hubayrah, so he sent an army to al-Madāʾin. His men entered it in Ramaḍān, and he himself advanced until he encamped on the Nahr Ṣarṣar. Harthamah came and camped opposite him, with the river between them. ʿAlī b. Saʿīd marched in Shawwāl to al-Madāʾin, fought Abū al-Sarāyā's followers there, defeated them, and took control of al-Madāʾin. The news reached Abū al-Sarāyā, and he returned from Nahr Ṣarṣar to the palace of Ibn Hubayrah and camped there. Harthamah pursued him, found a group of his companions, killed them, and sent their heads to al-Ḥasan b. Sahl. Harthamah engaged Abū al-Sarāyā, and there was a battle in which a group of Abū al-Sarāyā's companions were killed. He withdrew to al-Kūfah. The Ṭālibīs with him fell upon the houses of the Banū al-ʿAbbās and their clients and followers, demolished them, plundered them, ruined their estates, expelled them from al-Kūfah, committed vile acts, and extracted the deposits they had left with people. Harthamah told the people that he intended to perform the pilgrimage, and he detained those who had come for the pilgrimage from Khurāsān and elsewhere so that he would be the leader of the pilgrimage. He sent Dāwūd b. ʿĪsā b. Mūsā b. ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās ؓ to Makkah. Abū al-Sarāyā had sent al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-Afṭas b. ʿAlī b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī to Makkah, and he sent Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī to al-Madīnah, and he entered it without anyone fighting him. When Dāwūd b. ʿĪsā learned that Abū al-Sarāyā had sent al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan to Makkah to conduct the pilgrimage, he gathered the followers of the Banū al-ʿAbbās and their clients. Masrūr the Elder had come on pilgrimage with two hundred horsemen, and he prepared for battle. He said to Dāwūd: "Show yourself to me, or send one of your sons, and I will suffice you." Dāwūd replied: "I do not deem it lawful to fight in the sacred month. By God, if they enter from this mountain pass, I will leave from another." Dāwūd withdrew to the area of al-Mushāsh, and the force he had gathered dispersed. Masrūr feared to fight them, so he departed following Dāwūd, returning to Iraq. The people remained at ʿArafah, and a man from among the common people led them in prayer without a sermon, and they departed from ʿArafah without an imam. Al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan was at Saraf, fearing to enter Makkah, until a group came out to him and informed him that Makkah was empty of the Banū al-ʿAbbās. He entered it with ten men, and they circumambulated the House, went between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, proceeded to ʿArafah, stood there at night, then returned to Muzdalifah, where he led the people in the dawn prayer. He stayed at Minā during the days of the pilgrimage and remained in Makkah until the year ended. Likewise, Muḥammad b. Sulaymān stayed in al-Madīnah until the year ended. As for Harthamah, he encamped at the village of Shāhī, turned back the pilgrims, summoned Manṣūr b. al-Mahdī, and corresponded with the leaders of the people of al-Kūfah. As for ʿAlī b. Saʿīd, he proceeded from al-Madāʾin to Wāsiṭ and took it. Then he went to al-Baṣrah but was unable to take it this year.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.