Tarikh (al-Tabari) 311
The story of ʿĪsā b. Maryam (peace be upon him)
ما جرى لمريم مع قومها حين لقوها وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَأَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُ قَالُوا يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا ذَكَرَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ مِمَّنْ يَنْقُلُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا افْتَقَدُوهَا مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ ذَهَبُوا فِي طَلَبِهَا، فَمَرُّوا عَلَى مَحِلَّتِهَا وَالْأَنْوَارُ حَوْلَهَا، فَلَمَّا وَاجَهُوهَا وَجَدُوا مَعَهَا وَلَدَهَا، فَقَالُوا لَهَا: يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا أَيْ أَمْرًا عَظِيمًا مُنْكَرًا. وَفِي هَذَا الَّذِي قَالُوهُ نَظَرٌ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ كَلَامٌ يَنْقُضُ أَوَّلُهُ آخِرَهُ ; وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ ظَاهِرَ سِيَاقِ الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا حَمَلَتْهُ بِنَفْسِهَا، وَأَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا وَهِيَ تَحْمِلُهُ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا تَعَالَّتْ مِنْ نِفَاسِهَا بَعْدَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْهَا تَحْمِلُ مَعَهَا وَلَدَهَا قَالُوا يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا وَالْفِرْيَةُ هِيَ الْفِعْلَةُ الْمُنْكَرَةُ الْعَظِيمَةُ مِنَ الْفِعَالِ وَالْمَقَالِ. ثُمَّ قَالُوا لَهَا: يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ قِيلَ: شَبَّهُوهَا بِعَابِدٍ مِنْ عُبَّادِ زَمَانِهِمْ كَانَتْ تُسَامِيهِ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ، وَكَانَ اسْمُهُ هَارُونَ. وَقِيلَ: شَبَّهُوهَا بِرَجُلٍ فَاجِرٍ فِي زَمَانِهِمُ، اسْمُهُ هَارُونُ. قَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادُوا بِهَارُونَ أَخَا مُوسَى شَبَّهُوهَا بِهِ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ. وَأَخْطَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ فِي زَعْمِهِ أَنَّهَا أُخْتُ مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ نَسَبًا ; فَإِنَّ بَيْنَهُمَا مِنَ الدُّهُورِ الطَّوِيلَةِ مَا لَا يَخْفَى عَلَى أَدْنَى مَنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا يَرُدُّهُ عَنْ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ الْفَظِيعِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ غَرَّهُ أَنَّ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ أَنَّ مَرْيَمَ أُخْتَ مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ ضَرَبَتْ بِالدُّفِّ يَوْمَ نَجَّى اللَّهُ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ، وَأَغْرَقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَأَهُ، فَاعْتَقَدَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ هِيَ هَذِهِ، وَهَذَا فِي غَايَةِ الْبُطْلَانِ وَالْمُخَالَفَةِ لِلْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ مَعَ نَصِّ الْقُرْآنِ كَمَا قَرَّرْنَاهُ فِي " التَّفْسِيرِ " مُطَوَّلًا، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ. وَقَدْ وَرَدَ الْحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ الدَّالُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ لَهَا أَخٌ اسْمُهُ هَارُونُ وَلَيْسَ فِي ذِكْرِ قِصَّةِ وِلَادَتِهَا وَتَحْرِيرِ أُمِّهَا لَهَا، مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَيْسَ لَهَا أَخٌ سِوَاهَا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: وَعَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى نَجْرَانَ فَقَالُوا: أَرَأَيْتَ مَا تَقْرَءُونَ: يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ وَمُوسَى قَبْلَ عِيسَى بِكَذَا وَكَذَا. قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: أَلَا أَخْبَرْتَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَمُّونَ بِالْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ قَبْلَهُمْ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَلَا أَخْبَرْتَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَمُّونَ بِأَسْمَاءِ صَالِحِيهِمْ وَأَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَذَكَرَ قَتَادَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكْثِرُونَ مِنَ التَّسْمِيَةِ بِهَارُونَ، حَتَّى قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ حَضَرَ بَعْضَ جَنَائِزِهِمْ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ، مِمَّنْ يُسَمَّى بِهَارُونَ، أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ وَدَلَّ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا قَدْ كَانَ لَهَا أَخٌ نَسَبِيٌّ اسْمُهُ هَارُونُ، وَكَانَ مَشْهُورًا بِالدِّينِ وَالصَّلَاحِ وَالْخَيْرِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالُوا:مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا أَيْ: لَسْتِ مِنْ بَيْتٍ هَذَا شِيمَتُهُمْ وَلَا سَجِيَّتُهُمْ ; لَا أَخُوكِ وَلَا أُمُّكِ وَلَا أَبُوكِ، فَاتَّهَمُوهَا بِالْفَاحِشَةِ الْعُظْمَى، وَرَمَوْهَا بِالدَّاهِيَةِ الدَّهْيَاءِ، فَذَكَرَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي " تَارِيخِهِ " أَنَّهُمُ اتَّهَمُوا بِهَا زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَرَادُوا قَتْلَهُ، فَفَرَّ مِنْهُمْ فَلَحِقُوهُ وَقَدِ انْشَقَّتْ لَهُ الشَّجَرَةُ فَدَخَلَهَا، وَأَمْسَكَ إِبْلِيسُ بِطَرَفِ رِدَائِهِ فَنَشَرُوهُ فِيهَا، كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا. وَمِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ مَنِ اتَّهَمَهَا بِابْنِ خَالِهَا يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ النَّجَّارِ.
Translation
✧ What happened to Maryam with her people when they met her And His saying, exalted is He: Then she brought him to her people, carrying him. They said, "O Maryam, you have certainly done a thing unprecedented. O sister of Hārūn, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste." Many of the salaf, from those who transmit from the People of the Book, mentioned that when they missed her from among themselves, they went in search of her. They passed by her dwelling place while lights surrounded her. When they confronted her, they found her child with her, and they said to her: "O Maryam, you have certainly done a thing unprecedented," meaning a tremendous, abominable matter. In what they said there is a matter for consideration, although it is speech whose beginning contradicts its end. That is because the apparent context of the glorious Qurʾān indicates that she carried him by herself and brought him to her people while carrying him. Ibn ʿAbbās said: That was after she had recovered from her postpartum bleeding after forty days. The intended point is that when they saw her carrying her child with her, they said: "O Maryam, you have certainly done a thing unprecedented." The firyah is the abominable, tremendous act among deeds and sayings. Then they said to her: "O sister of Hārūn." It is said: They likened her to a worshipper among the worshippers of their time whom she rivaled in worship, and whose name was Hārūn. It is also said: They likened her to a wicked man in their time, whose name was Hārūn. This was said by Saʿīd b. Jubayr. It is also said: By Hārūn they meant the brother of Mūsā, likening her to him in worship. Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī erred in his claim that she was the sister of Mūsā and Hārūn in lineage; for between them there elapsed long ages, the extent of which is not hidden from the least of those who have knowledge to refute this abominable statement. It is as though he was deceived by the fact that in the Torah Maryam the sister of Mūsā and Hārūn beat the tambourine on the day God saved Mūsā and his people and drowned Pharaoh and his chiefs, and he believed that this one is that one. This is in the utmost degree of falsehood and contradiction to the authentic ḥadīth, along with the text of the Qurʾān, as we have established at length in the "Tafsīr." To God belongs praise and grace. The authentic ḥadīth has been reported indicating that she had a brother named Hārūn, and there is nothing in the mention of the story of her birth and her mother's dedication of her that indicates that she had no brother besides herself. God knows best. Imām Aḥmad said: From al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent me to Najrān, and they said: "Do you see what you recite: 'O sister of Hārūn,' while Mūsā was before ʿĪsā by such and such?" He said: I returned and mentioned that to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he said: "Why did you not tell them that they used to name after the prophets and righteous ones before them?" In another narration: "Why did you not tell them that they used to name with the names of their righteous ones and their prophets?" Qatādah and others mentioned that they used to name frequently with Hārūn, to the point that it is said: At some of their funerals there attended many people from among them who were named Hārūn, forty thousand. God knows best. The intended point is that they said: "O sister of Hārūn." The ḥadīth indicates that she had a brother in lineage named Hārūn, and he was famous for religion, righteousness, and goodness. For this reason they said: "Your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste," meaning: You are not from a house whose character is this, nor whose disposition is this; neither your brother, nor your mother, nor your father. They accused her of the greatest immorality and charged her with the most calamitous calamity. Ibn Jarīr mentioned in his "Tārīkh" that they accused Zakariyyā regarding her and wanted to kill him, so he fled from them. They overtook him after the tree split open for him and he entered it, and Iblīs seized the edge of his cloak, so they cut it in the tree, as we have mentioned before. Among the hypocrites were those who accused her regarding the son of her maternal uncle, Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb al-Najjār.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.