Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3035

The year 186 AH

حَجِّ الرَّشِيدِ وَأَمْرِ كِتَابِ وِلَايَةِ الْعَهْدِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ حَجَّ ( بِالنَّاسِ هَارُونُ ) الرَّشِيدُ، وَكَانَ شُخُوصُهُ مِنَ الرِّقَّةِ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَمَرَّ بِالْأَنْبَارِ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ مَدِينَةَ السَّلَامِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ نَزَلَ مَنْزِلًا عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَأَخْرَجَ مَعَهُ ابْنَيْهِ الْأَمِينَ وَالْمَأْمُونَ، فَبَدَأَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَعْطَى فِيهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَعْطِيَةٍ، أَعْطَى هُوَ عَطَاءً، وَمُحَمَّدٌ الْأَمِينُ عَطَاءً، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْمَأْمُونُ عَطَاءً، وَسَارَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَعْطَى أَهْلَهَا، فَبَلَغَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ وَخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ. وَكَانَ عَقَدَ لِابْنِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وِلَايَةَ الْعَهْدِ فِي يَوْمِ الْخَمِيسِ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ، وَسَمَّاهُ الْأَمِينَ وَكَانَ إِلَى الْأَمِينِ وِلَايَةُ الشَّامِ وَالْعِرَاقِ، وَإِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ مِنْ هَمَذَانَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْمَشْرِقِ. ثُمَّ بَايَعَ الرَّشِيدُ لِوَلَدِهِ الْقَاسِمِ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَخَوَيْهِ، وَلَقَّبَهُ الْمُؤْتَمَنَ، وَوَلَّاهُ الْجَزِيرَةَ وَالثُّغُورَ وَالْعَوَاصِمَ، وَكَانَ الْبَاعِثُ لَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ ابْنَهُ الْقَاسِمَ هَذَا كَانَ فِي حِجْرِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، فَلَمَّا بَايَعَ الرَّشِيدُ لِوَلَدَيْهِ الْأَمِينِ وَالْمَأْمُونِ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ الَّذِي لَوْ كَانَ نَجْمًا كَانَ سَعْدَا اعْقِدْ لِقَاسِمِ بَيْعَةً وَاقْدَحْ لَهُ فِي الْمُلْكِ زَنْدَا اللَّهُ فَرْدٌ وَاحِدٌ فَاجَعَلْ وُلَاةَ الْعَهْدِ فَرْدَا فَفَعَلَ الرَّشِيدُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ حَمِدَهُ قَوْمٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَذَمَّهُ آخَرُونَ، وَلَمْ يَنْتَظِمْ لِلْقَاسِمِ هَذَا أَمْرٌ، بَلِ اخْتَرَمَتْهُ الْأَقْدَارُ عَنْ بُلُوغِ الْأَوْطَارِ. وَلَمَّا قَضَى الرَّشِيدُ حَجَّهُ وَمَنَاسِكَهُ أَحْضَرَ مِنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ وَالْوُزَرَاءِ، وَأَحْضَرَ وَلِيِّيَ الْعَهْدِ; مُحَمَّدًا الْأَمِينَ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ الْمَأْمُونَ، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا السَّمْعَ وَالطَّاعَةَ لِأَخِيهِ، وَأَلَّا يُنَازِعَهُ مَا وَلَّاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَكَتَبَ بِمَضْمُونِ ذَلِكَ صَحِيفَةً، وَكَتَبَ فِيهَا الْأُمَرَاءُ وَالْوُزَرَاءُ خُطُوطَهُمْ بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَيْهَا بِذَلِكَ، وَأَرَادَ الرَّشِيدُ أَنْ يُعَلِّقَهَا فِي الْكَعْبَةِ فَسَقَطَتْ، فَقِيلَ: هَذَا الْأَمْرُ سَرِيعٌ انْتِقَاضُهُ. وَقَدْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْمَوْصِلِيُّ فِي عَقْدِ هَذِهِ الْبَيْعَةِ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ: خَيْرُ الْأُمُورِ مَغَبَّةً وَأَحَقُّ أَمْرٍ بِالتَّمَامِ أَمْرٌ قَضَى أَحْكَامَهُ الرَّ حْمَنُ فِي الْبَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ . وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَى الْحَجَبَةِ فِي حِفْظِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ وَمَنْعِ مَنْ أَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَهُمَا. وَكَانَتْ نُسْخَةُ الْكِتَابِ: "هَذَا كِتَابٌ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [كَتَبَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ] فِي صِحَّةِ عَقْلِهِ وَجَوَازٍ [مِنْ ] أَمْرِهِ طَائِعًا غَيْرَ مُكْرَهٍ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَّانِي الْعَهْدَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَصَيَّرَ الْبَيْعَةَ لِي فِي رِقَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَوَلَّى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ هَارُونَ [أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ] الْعَهْدَ وَالْخِلَافَةَ، وَجَمِيعَ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْدِي، بِرِضًا مِنِّي وَتَسْلِيمِهِ طَائِعًا غَيْرَ مُكْرَهٍ، وَوَلَّاهُ خُرَاسَانَ وَثُغُورَهَا، وَكُورَهَا، وَحَرْبَهَا، وَجُنْدَهَا، وَخَرَاجَهَا، وَبُيُوتَ أَمْوَالِهَا، [وَصَدَقَاتِهَا، وَعُشْرَهَا، وَجَمِيعَ أَعْمَالِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَبَعْدَهُ، وَشَرَطْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِرِضًا مِنِّي وَطِيبِ نَفْسِي أَنَّ لِأَخِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَلَيَّ الْوَفَاءَ بِمَا عَقَدَ لَهُ هَارُونُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ وَالْوِلَايَةِ وَالْخِلَافَةِ وَأُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ جَمِيعًا بَعْدِي، وَتَسْلِيمَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَمَا جُعِلَ لَهُ مِنْ وِلَايَةِ خُرَاسَانَ ] وَأَعْمَالِهَا كُلِّهَا، وَمَا أَقْطَعُهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ قَطِيعَتِهِ أَوْ جَعَلَ لَهُ مِنْ عِقْدِهِ أَوْ ضَيْعَةٍ مِنْ ضَيَاعِهِ، وَابْتَاعَ مِنَ الضَّيَاعِ وَالْعَقْدِ وَمَا أَعْطَاهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَصِحَّتِهِ مِنْ مَالٍ أَوْ حُلِيٍّ أَوْ جَوْهَرٍ، أَوْ مَتَاعٍ، أَوْ كُسْوَةٍ، أَوْ مَنْزِلٍ، أَوْ دَوَابَّ، أَوْ قَلِيلٍ، أَوْ كَثِيرٍ، فَهُوَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُوَفَّرًا مُسَلَّمًا إِلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ شَيْئًا فَشَيْئًا، فَإِنْ حَدَثَ بِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمَوْتُ، وَأَفْضَتِ الْخِلَافَةُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَعَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ إِنْفَاذُ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ هَارُونُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي تَوْلِيَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ خُرَاسَانَ وَثُغُورِهَا مِنْ لَدُنِ الرَّيِّ إِلَى أَقْصَى خُرَاسَانَ لَيْسَ لِمُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يُحَوِّلَ عَنْهُ قَائِدًا وَلَا رَاجِلًا وَاحِدًا مِمَّنْ ضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الَّذِينَ ضَمَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَا يُحَوِّلُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ وِلَايَتِهِ الَّتِي وَلَّاهَا إِيَّاهُ هَارُونُ [أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ] مِنْ ثُغُورِ خُرَاسَانَ وَأَعْمَالِهَا كُلِّهَا بُنْدَارًا وَلَا عَامِلًا، وَلَا يُدْخِلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي صَغِيرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ وَلَا كَبِيرٍ ضِرَارًا، وَلَا يَحُولُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ بِرَأْيِهِ وَتَدْبِيرِهِ، وَلَا يَعْرِضُ لِأَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ ضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَصَحَابَتِهِ، وَقُضَاتِهِ، وَعُمَّالِهِ، وَكُتَّابِهِ، وَخَدَمِهِ، وَمَوَالِيهِ، وَجُنْدِهِ بِمَا يَلْتَمِسُ إِدْخَالَ الضَّرَرِ وَالْمَكْرُوهِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَلَا قَرَابَتِهِمْ، وَلَا مَوَالِيهِمْ، وَلَا أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَلَا فِي ضَيَاعِهِمْ وَدُورِهِمْ وَرَبَاعِهِمْ وَرَقِيقِهِمْ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَرَأْيِهِ يَتَرَخَّصُ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَا يَنْزِعُ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ ضَمَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ابْنَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَصَحَابَتَهُ وَعُمَّالَهُ وَخَدَمَهُ وَجُنْدَهُ، وَرَفْضَ اسْمِهِ [وَمَكْتَبِهِ ] وَمَكَانِهِ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَاصِيًا لَهُ أَوْ مُخَالِفًا، فَعَلَى مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَدُّهُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِصُغْرٍ لَهُ وَقَمَاءٍ حَتَّى يُنَفِّذَ رَأْيَهُ وَأَمْرَهُ. فَإِنْ أَرَادَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ خَلْعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ابْنَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ وِلَايَةِ خُرَاسَانَ وَثُغُورِهَا وَأَعْمَالِهَا، أَوْ صَرْفَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ الَّذِينَ ضَمَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوْ أَنْ يَنْتَقِصَهُ قَلِيلًا أَوْ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا جَعَلَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَهُ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوُجُوهِ، أَوْ بِحِيلَةٍ مِنَ الْحِيَلِ، فَلِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْخِلَافَةُ بَعْدَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَهُوَ الْمُقَدَّمُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَهُوَ وَلِيُّ الْأَمْرِ بَعْدَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالطَّاعَةُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ قُوَّادِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَارُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ وَجَمِيعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي جَمِيعِ الْأَمْصَارِ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَالْقِيَامُ مَعَهُ، وَالْمُجَاهَدَةُ لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُ، وَالذَّبُّ عَنْهُ، مَا كَانَتِ الْحَيَاةُ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ. وَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُخَالِفَهُ أَوْ يَعْصِيَهُ، وَلَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ طَاعَتِهِ، وَلَا يُطِيعُ مُحَمَّدَ ابْنَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي خَلْعِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَصَرْفِ الْعَهْدِ عَنْهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ أَوْ يَنْتَقِصُهُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا جَعَلَهُ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَارُونُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَصِحَّتِهِ. وَاشْتَرَطَ فِي كِتَابِهِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَفِي كِتَابِهِ هَذَا. وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُصَدَّقُ فِي قَوْلِهِ، وَأَنْتُمْ فِي حِلٍّ مِنَ الْبَيْعَةِ الَّتِي فِي أَعْنَاقِكُمْ لِمُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَعَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يَنْقَادَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَيُسَلِّمَ لَهُ الْخِلَافَةَ. وَلَيْسَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَلَا لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَخْلَعَا الْقَاسِمَ ابْنَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَا يُقَدِّمَا عَلَيْهِ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَوْلَادِهِمَا وَقِرَابَاتِهِمَا وَلَا غَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْبَرِيَّةِ، فَإِذَا أَفْضَتِ الْخِلَافَةُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَالْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهِ فِي إِمْضَاءِ مَا جَعَلَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ لِلْقَاسِمِ بَعْدَهُ، أَوْ صَرْفِ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ إِلَى مَنْ رَأَى مِنْ وَلَدِهِ وَإِخْوَتِهِ، وَتَقْدِيمِ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُقَدَّمَ قَبْلَهُ، يَحْكُمُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا أَحَبَّ وَأَرَادَ، فَعَلَيْكُمْ مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنْفَاذُ مَا كَتَبَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي كِتَابِهِ هَذَا وَشَرَطَ، وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِيمَا أَلْزَمَكُمْ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَعَهْدُ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّتُهُ وَذِمَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْعُهُودُ وَالْمَوَاثِيقُ الَّتِي أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ، وَوَكَّدَهَا فِي أَعْنَاقِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِيُقَرِّبَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا سَمَّى، وَلِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بَنِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا سَمَّى، وَكَتَبَ فِي كِتَابِهِ هَذَا وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَبَرِئَتْ مِنْكَ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ، وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَذِمَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكُلُّ مَالٍ هُوَ الْيَوْمَ لِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ يَسْتَفِيدُهُ إِلَى خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ عَلَى الْمَسَاكِينِ، وَعَلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي بِمَكَّةَ خَمْسِينَ حَجَّةً نَذْرًا وَاجِبًا لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ إِلَّا الْوَفَاءَ بِذَلِكَ، وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ - أَوْ يَمْلِكُهُ فِيمَا يُسْتَقْبَلُ إِلَى خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً - حُرٌّ، وَكُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ لَهُ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ ثَلَاثًا أَلْبَتَّةَ طَلَاقَ الْحَرَجِ، لَا مَثْنَوِيَّةَ لِذَلِكَ فِيهَا، وَاللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِذَلِكَ كَفِيلٌ، وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا. وَنُسْخَةُ الشَّرْطِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [بِخَطِّ يَدِهِ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ: هَذَا كِتَابٌ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ] كَتَبَهُ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ وَجَوَازِ أَمْرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، وَصِدْقِ نِيَّةٍ، فِيمَا كَتَبَهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ هَذَا، وَمَعْرِفَةٍ بِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ وَالصَّلَاحِ لَهُ وَلِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَارُونَ وَلَّانِي الْعَهْدَ وَالْخِلَافَةَ وَجَمِيعَ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْدَ أَخِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ، وَوَلَّانِي فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُغُورَ خُرَاسَانَ وَكُورَهَا، وَجَمِيعَ أَعْمَالِهَا، وَشَرَطَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ الْوَفَاءَ بِمَا عَقَدَ لِي مِنَ الْخِلَافَةِ وَوِلَايَةِ الْعِبَادِ وَالْبِلَادِ بَعْدَهُ وَوِلَايَةِ خُرَاسَانَ وَجَمِيعِ أَعْمَالِهَا، وَلَا يَعْرِضُ لِي فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا أَقْطَعَنِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَوِ ابْتَاعَ لِي مِنَ الضِّيَاعِ وَالْعَقْدِ وَالرَّبَاعِ، أَوِ ابْتَعْتُ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَمَا أَعْطَانِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْجَوَاهِرِ وَالْكِسَاءِ وَالْمَتَاعِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالرَّقِيقِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَلَا يَعْرِضُ لِي وَلَا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ عُمَّالِي وَكُتَّابِي بِسَبَبِ مُحَاسَبَةٍ، وَلَا يَتَّبِعُ لِي فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَبَدًا، وَلَا يُدْخِلُ عَلَيَّ وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ مَعِي مِمَّنِ اسْتَعَنْتُ بِهِ مِنْ جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ مَكْرُوهًا فِي نَفْسِي وَلَا دَمٍ، وَلَا شَعْرٍ، وَلَا بَشَرٍ وَلَا مَالٍ، وَلَا صَغِيرٍ وَلَا كَبِيرٍ. فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَأَقَرَّ بِهِ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا أَكَّدَ فِيهِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَرَضِيَ بِهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَقَبِلَهُ فَشَرَطْتُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِي أَنْ أَسْمَعَ وَأُطِيعَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَا أَعْصِيَهُ، وَأَنْصَحَهُ وَلَا أَغُشَّهُ، وَأُوفِيَ بِبَيْعَتِهِ وَوِلَايَتِهِ، وَلَا أَغْدِرَ، وَلَا أَنْكُثَ، وَأُنَفِّذَ كُتُبَهُ وَأَوَامِرَهُ، وَأُحْسِنَ مُؤَازَرَتَهُ، وَجِهَادَ عَدُوِّهِ فِي نَاحِيَتِي، مَا وَفَّى لِي عَلَى مَا شَرَطَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي أَمْرِي، وَسَمَّى فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَإِنِ احْتَاجَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى جُنْدٍ وَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ يَأْمُرُنِي بِإِشْخَاصِهِ إِلَيْهِ، أَوْ إِلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ النَّوَاحِي، أَوْ عَدُوٍّ خَالَفَهُ وَأَرَادَ نَقْضَ شَيْءٍ مِنْ سُلْطَانِهِ أَوْ سُلْطَانِي الَّذِي أَسْنَدَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَيْنَا أَنْ أُنَفِّذَ أَمْرَهُ وَلَا أُخَالِفَهُ، وَلَا أُقَصِّرَ فِي شَيْءٍ كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَيَّ، وَإِنْ أَرَادَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ رَجُلًا مِنْ وُلَاةِ الْعَهْدِ وَالْخِلَافَةِ بَعْدِي، فَذَلِكَ لَهُ مَا وَفَّى لِي بِمَا جَعَلَهُ لِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَاشْتَرَطَ لِي عَلَيْهِ، وَعَلَيَّ إِنْفَاذُ ذَلِكَ وَالْوَفَاءُ لَهُ بِهِ وَلَا أَنْقُضُ ذَلِكَ وَلَا أُبَدِّلُهُ، وَلَا أُقَدِّمَ قَبْلَهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ وَلَدِي، وَلَا قَرِيبًا وَلَا بَعِيدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَارُونُ أَحَدًا مِنْ وَلَدِهِ الْعَهْدَ بَعْدِي فَيَلْزَمُنِي وَمُحَمَّدًا الْوَفَاءُ لَهُ. وَجَعَلْتُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِمُحَمَّدٍ الْوَفَاءَ لِي بِمَا شَرَطْتُ وَسَمَّيْتُ فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا، مَا وَفَّى لِي مُحَمَّدٌ بِجَمِيعِ مَا اشْتَرَطَ لِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ فِي نَفْسِي، وَمَا أَعْطَانِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الْمُسَمَّاةِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ لَهُ، وَعَلَيَّ عَهْدُ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقُهُ وَذِمَّةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَذِمَّتِي وَذِمَمُ آبَائِي وَذِمَمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَشَدُّ مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مِيثَاقِهِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ، مِنْ عُهُودِهِ وَمَوَاثِيقِهِ، وَالْأَيْمَانُ الْمُؤَكَّدَةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْوَفَاءَ بِهَا، وَنَهَى عَنْ نَقْضِهَا وَتَبْدِيلِهَا، وَإِنْ أَنَا نَقَضْتُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا شَرَطْتُ وَسَمَّيْتُ فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا، أَوْ غَيَّرْتُ أَوْ بَدَّلْتُ، أَوْ نَكَثْتُ أَوْ غَدَرْتُ، فَبَرِئْتُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمِنْ وِلَايَتِهِ وَدِينِهِ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ، وَلَقِيتُ اللَّهَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَافِرًا مُشْرِكًا، وَكُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ هِيَ لِي الْيَوْمَ، أَوْ أَتَزَوَّجُهَا إِلَى ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً طَالِقٌ ثَلَاثًا أَلْبَتَّةَ [طَلَاقَ الْحَرَجِ، وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ هُوَ لِي الْيَوْمَ أَوْ أَمْلِكُهُ إِلَى ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً أَحْرَارٌ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَيَّ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي بِمَكَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ حَجَّةً، نَذْرًا وَاجِبًا عَلَيَّ فِي عُنُقِي حَافِيًا رَاجِلًا، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا الْوَفَاءَ بِذَلِكَ، وَكُلُّ مَالٍ لِي أَوْ أَمْلِكُهُ إِلَى ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً ] هَدْيٌ بَالِغُ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَكُلُّ مَا جَعَلْتُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَشَرَطْتُ فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا لَازِمٌ لَا أُضْمِرُ غَيْرَهُ، وَلَا أَنْوِي غَيْرَهُ. وَشَهِدَ سُلَيْمَانُ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَفُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ. وَكُتِبَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَكَانَ فِي نُسْخَةِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ هَارُونُ إِلَى الْعُمَّالِ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ وَلِيُّ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَوَلِيُّ مَا وَلَّاهُ، وَالْحَافِظُ لِمَا اسْتَرْعَاهُ وَأَكْرَمَهُ بِهِ مِنْ خِلَافَتِهِ وَسُلْطَانِهِ وَالصَّانِعُ لَهُ فِيمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ مِنْ أُمُورِهِ، وَالْمُنْعِمُ عَلَيْهِ بِالنَّصْرِ وَالتَّأْيِيدِ فِي مَشَارِقِ الْأَرْضِ وَمَغَارِبِهَا، وَالْكَالِئُ وَالْحَافِظُ وَالْكَافِي مِنْ جَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ، وَهُوَ الْمَحْمُودُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ آلَائِهِ، وَالْمَسْئُولُ تَمَامَ حُسْنِ مَا مَضَى مِنْ قَضَائِهِ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَعَادَتِهِ الْجَمِيلَةِ عِنْدَهُ، وَإِلْهَامِ مَا يَرْضَى بِهِ، وَيُوجِبُ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَحْسَنَ الْمَزِيدِ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ. وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُنْذُ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْأُمَّةُ عَلَى عَقْدِ الْعَهْدِ لِمُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [مِنْ ] بَعْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ، يُعْمِلُ رَأْيَهُ وَنَظَرَهُ وَرَوِيَّتَهُ فِيمَا فِيهِ الصَّلَاحُ لَهُمَا وَلِجَمِيعِ الرَّعِيَّةِ وَالْجَمْعُ لِلْكَلِمَةِ، وَاللَّمُّ لِلشَّعْثِ، وَالْحَسْمُ لِكَيْدِ أَعْدَاءِ النِّعَمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ وَالنِّفَاقِ وَالْغِلِّ، وَالْقَطْعُ لِآمَالِهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ فُرْصَةٍ يَرْجُونَ إِدْرَاكَهَا وَانْتِهَازَهَا، وَيَسْتَخِيرُ اللَّهَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيَسْأَلُهُ الْعَزِيمَةَ لَهُ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ الْخِيَرَةُ لَهُمَا وَلِجَمِيعِ الْأُمَّةِ. فَعَزَمَ اللَّهُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الشُّخُوصِ بِهِمَا إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ، وَأَخْذِ الْبَيْعَةِ مِنْهُمَا لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَالِانْقِيَادِ لِأَمْرِهِ، وَاكْتِتَابِ الشَّرْطِ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَهُمَا بِأَشَدِّ الْمَوَاثِيقِ وَالْعُهُودِ وَأَغْلَظِ الْأَيْمَانِ وَالتَّوْكِيدِ، وَأَخَذَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِمَا الْتَمَسَ بِهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اجْتِمَاعَ أُلْفَتِهِمَا وَمَوَدَّتِهِمَا وَتَوَاصُلِهِمَا وَمُكَانَفَتِهِمَا عَلَى حُسْنِ النَّظَرِ لِأَنْفُسِهِمَا وَلِرَعِيَّةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّتِي اسْتَرْعَاهُمَا. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ أَظْهَرَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَأْيَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَمَا نَظَرَ فِيهِ لَهُمَا، فَقَبِلَا مَا دَعَاهُمَا إِلَيْهِ، وَكَتَبَا لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي بَطْنِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ بِخُطُوطِهِمَا، بِمَحْضَرٍ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ الْمَوْسِمَ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَقُوَّادِهِ وَقُضَاتِهِ وَحَجَبَةِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَشَهَادَاتِهِمْ عَلَيْهِمَا كِتَابَيْنِ اسْتَوْدَعَهُمَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْحَجَبَةَ، وَأَمَرَ بِتَعْلِيقِهِمَا فِي دَاخِلِ الْكَعْبَةِ. فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمَرَ قُضَاتَهُ الَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمَا، وَحَضَرُوا كِتَابَيْهِمَا، أَنْ يُعْلِمُوا جَمِيعَ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْمَوْسِمَ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ وَالْعُمَّارِ وَوُفُودِ الْأَمْصَارِ مَا شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَرْطِهِمَا وَكِتَابَيْهِمَا لِيَعْرِفُوا ذَلِكَ وَيُؤَدُّوهُ إِلَى إِخْوَانِهِمْ وَأَهْلِ بُلْدَانِهِمْ. فَفَعَلُوا، وَقُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّرْطَانِ جَمِيعًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، فَانْصَرَفُوا. وَقَدِ اشْتَهَرَ عِلْمُ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُمْ فَأَثْبَتُوا الشَّهَادَةَ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَرَفُوا نَظَرَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِصَلَاحِهِمْ وَحَقْنِ دِمَائِهِمْ، وَلَمِّ شَعْثِهِمْ وَإِطْفَاءِ جَمْرَةِ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ، وَأَعْدَاءِ دِينِهِ. وَقَدْ نَسَخَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ذَيْنَكَ الشَّرْطَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ كَتَبَهُمَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي أَسْفَلِ كِتَابِهِ هَذَا. وَكَتَبَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ لِسَبْعِ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَأَمَرَ هَارُونُ الرَّشِيدُ لِلْمَأْمُونِ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ حُمِلَتْ لَهُ مِنَ الرِّقَّةِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ . فَلَمَّا قَسَّمَ الْأَرْضَ بَيْنَ أَوْلَادِهِ الثَّلَاثَةِ قَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: قَدْ أَحْكَمَ الْمَلِكُ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: بَلْ أَلْقَى بِأَسْهُمٍ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَعَاقِبَةُ مَا صَنَعَ مَخُوفَةٌ عَلَى الرَّعِيَّةِ.

Translation

✧ Al-Rashīd's Pilgrimage and the Matter of the Succession Documents In this year Hārūn al-Rashīd performed the pilgrimage with the people. His departure from al-Raqqah was in Ramaḍān, and he passed by al-Anbār without entering Madīnat al-Salām, but he encamped at a place on the bank of the Euphrates. He took with him his two sons al-Amīn and al-Maʾmūn. He began with al-Madīnah, where he gave three gifts: he himself gave a gift, Muḥammad al-Amīn gave a gift, and ʿAbd Allāh al-Maʾmūn gave a gift. Then he proceeded to Makkah and gave to its people, and it reached one million and fifty thousand dinars. He had concluded the succession for his son Muḥammad on Thursday in Shaʿbān of the year 183, and named him al-Amīn. Al-Amīn was to have authority over Syria and Iraq, and al-Maʾmūn from Hamadhān to the lands of the east. Then al-Rashīd pledged allegiance to his son al-Qāsim after his two brothers, and gave him the title al-Muʾtaman, and appointed him over al-Jazīrah, the frontier fortresses, and al-ʿAwāṣim. The reason that prompted him to do that was that this son of his, al-Qāsim, was in the care of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Ṣāliḥ. When al-Rashīd pledged allegiance to his two sons al-Amīn and al-Maʾmūn, he wrote to him: O king who, were he a star, would be a lucky one, conclude a pledge for al-Qāsim, and strike for him in kingship a fire-stick. God is single and one, so make the heirs to the throne a single one. Al-Rashīd did that. Some people praised him for it, and others blamed him. No affair came together for this al-Qāsim; rather fate cut him off before he reached his ambitions. When al-Rashīd completed his pilgrimage and his rites, he summoned the commanders and viziers who were with him, and he brought the two heirs to the throne, Muḥammad al-Amīn and ʿAbd Allāh al-Maʾmūn. He made each of them testify to hearing and obedience to his brother, and that he would not dispute what God had granted him of that. He wrote a document to that effect, and in it the commanders and viziers wrote their signatures as testimony to that. Al-Rashīd wanted to hang it in the Kaʿbah, but it fell. It was said: "This matter will quickly be undone." Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī said about the conclusion of this pledge in the Kaʿbah: The best of affairs in outcome, and the most deserving of completion, is an affair whose ordinances the Merciful decreed in the Sacred Precinct. He instructed the doorkeepers to guard the two documents and to prevent anyone who wanted to remove them. The text of the document was: "This is a document of ʿAbd Allāh Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, written by Muḥammad b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, in soundness of mind and validity of his affair, willingly, not under compulsion: The Commander of the Faithful has appointed me as heir after him and made the pledge to me on the necks of the Muslims, and he appointed ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, as heir and caliph, and over all affairs of the Muslims after me, with my consent and submission, willingly, not under compulsion. He appointed him over Khurāsān, its frontiers, its districts, its war, its troops, its land tax, its treasuries, its alms, its tithes, and all its affairs during his lifetime and after him. I stipulated for ʿAbd Allāh Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, with my consent and good will, that my brother ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn has upon me the fulfillment of what Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, concluded for him of the succession, authority, caliphate, and all affairs of the Muslims after me, and the handing over of that to him, and of what was granted to him of authority over Khurāsān and all its districts, and whatever the Commander of the Faithful granted him as a fief, or made for him of a contract, or an estate of his estates, and what he bought of estates, contracts, and whatever he gave him during his lifetime and health of money, ornaments, jewels, goods, clothing, dwellings, mounts, little or much, it belongs to ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, in full, handed over to him. I have acknowledged all of that, item by item. If death befalls the Commander of the Faithful and the caliphate devolves to Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, then Muḥammad must carry out what Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, commanded in appointing ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, over Khurāsān and its frontiers from al-Rayy to the farthest Khurāsān. Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, may not transfer from him a single commander or foot soldier among the companions whom the Commander of the Faithful attached to him, nor may ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, transfer from his authority, which Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, granted him, any port or agent in the frontiers of Khurāsān and all its districts. He may not introduce harm to him in any small or large matter of his affair, nor come between him and the exercise of all that by his own judgment and management. He may not interfere with anyone whom the Commander of the Faithful attached to him of his household, companions, judges, agents, secretaries, servants, clients, and troops, seeking to bring harm or dislike upon them in their persons, their relatives, their clients, their wealth, their estates, their houses, their properties, their slaves, nor any person by his command and judgment may take license in that, nor may anyone whom the Commander of the Faithful attached to ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, and the household of the Commander of the Faithful, his companions, agents, servants, and troops, secede to him, abandoning his name, his office, and his position with ʿAbd Allāh, disobeying him or opposing him. Then Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, must return him to ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, in humiliation and abasement until he carries out his judgment and command. If Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, intends to depose ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, from authority over Khurāsān, its frontiers, and its districts, or to dismiss any of his commanders whom the Commander of the Faithful attached to him, or to diminish anything, little or much, of what the Commander of the Faithful granted him in any way or by any trick, then ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, has the caliphate after the Commander of the Faithful, and he takes precedence over Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, and he is the holder of authority after the Commander of the Faithful. Obedience from all the commanders of the Commander of the Faithful Hārūn, from the people of Khurāsān and all Muslims in all the garrison cities, is to ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, and to stand with him, and to fight against whoever opposes him, and to defend him as long as life is in their bodies. None of them may oppose him or disobey him, or leave his obedience, or obey Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, in deposing ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, or in diverting the succession from him after him to another, or in diminishing anything of what the Commander of the Faithful Hārūn granted him during his lifetime and health. He stipulated in his document, which he wrote upon him in the Sacred House and in this document of his. And ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, is truthful in his word, and you are released from the pledge that is on your necks to Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, and Muḥammad b. al-Amīn must submit to ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, and hand over the caliphate to him. Neither Muḥammad nor ʿAbd Allāh may depose al-Qāsim, son of the Commander of the Faithful, or put before him any of their children, relatives, or others from all creation. When the caliphate devolves to ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, then the matter is his to carry out what the Commander of the Faithful made of the succession for al-Qāsim after him, or to divert it from him to whomever he sees fit of his children and brothers, and to put forward whom he wishes to put forward before him. He rules in that as he loves and wishes. You, the assembly of Muslims, must carry out what the Commander of the Faithful wrote in this document of his and stipulated, and you owe hearing and obedience to the Commander of the Faithful in what he bound you to for ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful. And the covenant of God, His protection, the protections of the Muslims, and the covenants and pacts which God took from the angels brought near, the messengers, and the prophets, and which He confirmed on the necks of the believers, to draw near for ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, what he named, and for Muḥammad, and ʿAbd Allāh, and al-Qāsim, sons of the Commander of the Faithful, what he named and wrote in this document of his and stipulated upon you, then the protection of God is quit of you, and the protection of His Messenger Muḥammad ﷺ, and the protections of the Muslims. Every piece of wealth that any man of you possesses today or acquires up to fifty years is alms for the poor, and every man of you must walk to the Sacred House of God in Makkah fifty pilgrimages as a binding vow, which God will not accept from him except fulfillment of that. Every slave of any of you — or that he acquires in the future up to fifty years — is free, and every wife he has is divorced thrice, irrevocably, a divorce of hardship, with no revocability in it. God is guarantor over you in that, and God suffices as reckoner. And the text of the stipulation which ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, wrote in his own hand in the Kaʿbah: This is a document of ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, written for him by ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn, Commander of the Faithful, in soundness of mind, validity of his affair, and sincerity of intention, regarding what he wrote in this document of his, and with knowledge of what is in it of virtue and soundness for him, his household, and the community of Muslims: The Commander of the Faithful Hārūn appointed me as heir and caliph, and over all affairs of the Muslims after my brother Muḥammad b. Hārūn, and he appointed me during his lifetime over the frontiers of Khurāsān, its districts, and all its affairs. He stipulated upon Muḥammad b. Hārūn the fulfillment of what he concluded for me of the caliphate and authority over the servants and the lands after him, and authority over Khurāsān and all its affairs. He may not interfere with me in anything the Commander of the Faithful granted me as a fief, or bought for me of estates, contracts, and properties, or which I bought from him of that, or what the Commander of the Faithful gave me of wealth, jewels, clothing, goods, mounts, slaves, and otherwise. He may not interfere with me or any of my agents and secretaries by reason of accounting, nor pursue me in that or any of them ever, nor introduce upon me, upon them, or upon whoever was with me whom I sought help from among all people, any dislike in my person, nor blood, nor hair, nor skin, nor wealth, nor small nor great. And he answered him to that and acknowledged it, and wrote him a document in which he affirmed it upon himself, and the Commander of the Faithful approved it and accepted it. I stipulated for the Commander of the Faithful, and made it upon myself for him, that I will hear and obey Muḥammad, and not disobey him, and advise him and not deceive him, and fulfill his pledge and his authority, and not betray, and not break, and carry out his letters and commands, and give good support to him, and fight his enemy in my region, as long as he fulfills for me what he stipulated for the Commander of the Faithful in my affair, and what he named in the document he wrote for the Commander of the Faithful. If Muḥammad needs troops and writes to me commanding me to dispatch them to him, or to a region of the regions, or against an enemy who opposed him and wanted to violate any of his authority or my authority which the Commander of the Faithful entrusted to us, that I carry out his command and not oppose him, and not fall short in anything he writes to me about. If Muḥammad wants to appoint a man as one of the heirs to the throne and caliphate after me, that is his, as long as he fulfills for me what the Commander of the Faithful granted me and stipulated for me upon him. And I must carry out that and fulfill it for him, and not break it or alter it, and not put before him any of my children or any near or far person among the people, unless the Commander of the Faithful Hārūn appoints one of his children as heir after me, then it is binding upon me and upon Muḥammad to fulfill it for him. I made for the Commander of the Faithful and for Muḥammad the fulfillment for me of what I stipulated and named in this document of mine, as long as Muḥammad fulfills for me all that the Commander of the Faithful stipulated for me upon him in my person, and what the Commander of the Faithful gave me of all the things named in this document which he wrote for him. And upon me is the covenant of God and His pact, and the protection of the Commander of the Faithful, and my protection, and the protections of my forefathers, and the protections of the Muslims, and the most binding of what God took upon His covenant from the prophets and messengers of His creation, of His covenants and pacts, and the confirmed oaths which God commanded to fulfill and forbade to break or alter. If I break anything of what I stipulated and named in this document of mine, or change or alter, or violate or betray, then I am quit of God, His authority, His religion, and Muḥammad His Messenger ﷺ, and I will meet God on the Day of Resurrection as an unbeliever and polytheist. Every wife who is mine today, or whom I marry up to thirty years, is divorced thrice, irrevocably, a divorce of hardship. Every slave who is mine today or whom I acquire up to thirty years is free for the sake of God. And I must walk to the Sacred House of God in Makkah thirty pilgrimages, as a binding vow upon me, on my neck, barefoot and on foot, which God will not accept from me except fulfillment of that. Every piece of wealth that is mine or that I acquire up to thirty years is a sacrificial offering reaching the Kaʿbah. And everything I made for the Commander of the Faithful and stipulated in this document of mine is binding; I do not harbor otherwise, and I do not intend otherwise. Sulaymān, son of the Commander of the Faithful, and so-and-so and so-and-so witnessed it. Written in Dhū al-Ḥijjah of the year 187. And in the text of the document which Hārūn wrote to the governors: To proceed: God is the guardian of the Commander of the Faithful, and the guardian of what He granted him, and the preserver of what He entrusted to him and honored him with of His caliphate and authority, and the maker for him in what he advanced and delayed of his affairs, and the bestower upon him of victory and support in the easts of the earth and its wests, and the protector, preserver, and sufficer from all His creation. He is praised for all His favors, and asked for the completion of the goodness of what has passed of His decree for the Commander of the Faithful, and His beautiful habit toward him, and inspiration of what pleases Him, and which necessitates for him upon Him the best increase of His bounty. The Commander of the Faithful has not ceased, since the community agreed upon concluding the succession for Muḥammad, son of the Commander of the Faithful, after the Commander of the Faithful, and for ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful, after Muḥammad, to apply his judgment, consideration, and deliberation to what is sound for them and for all the subjects, the uniting of the word, the gathering of the scattered, the cutting off of the cunning of the enemies of blessings among the people of unbelief, hypocrisy, and rancor, and the severing of their hopes from every opportunity they hope to attain and seize. He asks God for guidance in that, and asks Him for resolution upon what is the best choice for them and for all the community. Then God resolved for the Commander of the Faithful to go with them both to the Sacred House of God, and to take the oath of allegiance from them both to the Commander of the Faithful with hearing, obedience, and compliance with his command, and to have the condition written for each of them to the Commander of the Faithful and for them both with the most binding covenants and pacts and the strictest oaths and confirmations, and to take from each of them for his companion what the Commander of the Faithful sought of the union of their affection, love, mutual attachment, and support in good regard for themselves and for the subjects of the Commander of the Faithful whom he had entrusted to them. When he arrived in Makkah, he made known to Muḥammad and ʿAbd Allāh his view on that, and what he had considered for them. They accepted what he called them to, and they wrote for the Commander of the Faithful inside the Sacred House of God with their own hands, in the presence of those who attended the pilgrimage season, the family of the Commander of the Faithful, his commanders, his judges, and the custodians of the Kaʿbah, and their testimonies upon them both, two documents which the Commander of the Faithful deposited with the custodians and ordered to be hung inside the Kaʿbah. When the Commander of the Faithful had finished that, he ordered his judges who had testified upon them both and attended their two documents to inform all those present at the pilgrimage season of the pilgrims, the ʿumrah performers, and the delegations of the garrison cities of what they had witnessed of their condition and their two documents, so that they might know that and convey it to their brethren and the people of their lands. They did so, and both conditions were read to them in the Sacred Mosque, and they departed. Knowledge of that had become widely known among them, so they affirmed the testimony upon it, and they recognized the regard of the Commander of the Faithful for their welfare, the sparing of their blood, the mending of their disunity, and the quenching of the firebrand of the enemies of God and the enemies of His religion. The Commander of the Faithful has reproduced those two conditions which Muḥammad and ʿAbd Allāh wrote at the bottom of this document of his. And Ismāʿīl b. Ṣubayḥ wrote on Saturday, seven nights remaining of Muḥarram in the year one hundred eighty-eight. And Hārūn al-Rashīd ordered for al-Maʾmūn one hundred thousand dirhams to be carried for him from al-Raqqah to Baghdad. When he divided the land among his three sons, some people said: "The king has made it firm." And others said: "Rather he cast lots among them, and the outcome of what he did is feared for the subjects."

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No grade is recorded for this wording.