Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2962
The year 170 of the Prophetic Hijrah
خِلَافَةِ الرَّشِيدِ بْنِ الْمَهْدِيِّ . وَفِي سنة سبعين ومائة من الهجرة النبوية بُويِعَ لِلرَّشِيدِ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِالْخِلَافَةِ لَيْلَةَ مَاتَ أَخُوهُ الْهَادِي، وَذَلِكَ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمْعَةِ لِلنِّصْفِ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ سَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ عُمْرُ الرَّشِيدِ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ بَرْمَكَ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ السِّجْنِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ الْهَادِي عَزَمَ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ وَقَتْلِ هَارُونَ الرَّشِيدِ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ الرَّشِيدُ، وَكَانَ ابْنَهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَوَلَّاهُ حِينَئِذٍ الْوِزَارَةَ، وَوَلَّى يُوسُفَ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ كِتَابَةَ الْإِنْشَاءِ، وَكَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي قَامَ خَطِيبًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ حِينَ أُخِذَتِ الْبَيْعَةُ لَهُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ بِعِيسَابَاذَ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ لِمَا مَاتَ الْهَادِي فِي اللَّيْلِ جَاءَ يَحْيَى بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ بَرْمَكَ إِلَى الرَّشِيدِ فَوَجَدَهُ نَائِمًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ: قُمْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَقَالَ: كَمْ تُرَوِّعُنِي، وَلَوْ سَمِعَ بِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ لَكَانَ ذَلِكَ أَكْبَرَ ذُنُوبِي عِنْدَهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ يَحْيَى: قَدْ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ. فَجَلَسَ هَارُونُ فَقَالَ: أَشِرْ عَلَيَّ. فَجَعَلَ يَذْكُرُ لَهُ وِلَايَاتِ الْأَقَالِيمِ لِرِجَالٍ يُسَمِّيهِمْ، فَيُوَلِّيهِمُ الرَّشِيدُ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَ آخَرُ فَقَالَ: أَبْشِرْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَدْ وُلِدَ لَكَ السَّاعَةَ غُلَامٌ. فَقَالَ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ الْمَأْمُونُ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ فَصَلَّى عَلَى أَخِيهِ الْهَادِي، وَدَفَنَهُ بِعِيسَابَاذَ، وَحَلَفَ لَا يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ إِلَّا بِبَغْدَادَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْجِنَازَةِ أَمَرَ بِضَرْبِ عُنُقِ أَبِي عِصْمَةَ الْقَائِدِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ جَعْفَرٍ ابْنِ الْهَادِي فَزَاحَمُوا هَارُونَ عَلَى جِسْرٍ، فَقَالَ أَبُو عِصْمَةَ: قِفْ حَتَّى يَجُوزَ وَلِيُّ الْعَهْدِ. فَقَالَ الرَّشِيدُ: السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ لِلْأَمِيرِ. فَجَازَ جَعْفَرٌ وَوَقَفَ الرَّشِيدُ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ أَبِي عِصْمَةَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى جِسْرِ بَغْدَادَ اسْتَدْعَى بِالْغَوَّاصِينَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَقَطَ مِنِّي هَاهُنَا خَاتَمٌ، كَانَ وَالِدِي الْمَهْدِيُّ قَدِ اشْتَرَاهُ لِي بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ بَعَثَ وَرَائِي الْهَادِي يَطْلُبُهُ، فَأَلْقَيْتُهُ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ، فَسَقَطَ هَاهُنَا. فَغَاصُوا وَرَاءَهُ فَوَجَدُوهُ، فَسُرَّ بِهِ الرَّشِيدُ سُرُورًا كَثِيرًا. تفويض الرشيد يَحْيَى بْنَ خَالِدٍ أمر الرعية وَلَمَّا وَلَّى الرَّشِيدُ يَحْيَى بْنَ خَالِدٍ الْوِزَارَةَ قَالَ لَهُ: قَدْ فَوَّضْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَمْرَ الرَّعِيَّةِ، وَخَلَعْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عُنُقِي، وَجَعَلْتُهُ فِي عُنُقِكَ، فَوَلِّ مَنْ رَأَيْتَ، وَاعْزِلْ مَنْ رَأَيْتَ. فَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْمَوْصِلِيُّ: أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ كَانَتْ سَقِيمَةً فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ هَارُونُ أَشْرَقَ نُورُهَا بِيُمْنِ أَمِينِ اللَّهِ هَارُونَ ذِي النَّدَى فَهَارُونُ وَالِيهَا وَيَحْيَى وَزِيرُهَا وَكَانَتِ الْخَيْزُرَانُ هِيَ الْمُشَاوَرَةَ فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا، لَا يَقْطَعُ يَحْيَى بْنُ خَالِدٍ أَمْرًا حَتَّى يُشَاوِرَهَا فِيمَا يُبْرِمُهُ وَيَحِلُّهُ وَيُمْضِيهِ وَيُحْكُمُهُ. وَذَكَرَ الصُّولِيُّ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْيَى يُسَايِرُ الرَّشِيدَ يَوْمًا فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، عَطِبَتْ دَابَّتِي، فَقَالَ: يُعْطَى خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَغَمَزَهُ يَحْيَى، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قَالَ: يَا أَبَةِ، أَوْمَأْتَ إِلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ وَقْتَ مَا أَمَرْتُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَمَا هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ: مِثْلُكَ لَا يَجْرِي هَذَا الْمِقْدَارُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ، إِنَّمَا يَذْكُرُ مِثْلُكَ خَمْسَةَ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ، عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ، قَالَ: فَإِذَا سُئِلْتُ مِثْلَ هَذَا كَيْفَ أَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: تَقُولُ: نَشْتَرِي لَهُ دَابَّةً، يُفْعَلُ بِهِ فِعْلَ نُظَرَائِهِ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَ الْهَادِي هَجَمَ خُزَيْمَةُ بْنُ خَازِمٍ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْهَادِي فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ فِرَاشِهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: لَتَخْلَعَنَّهَا أَوْ لَأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَكَ، فَأَجَابَ إِلَى الْخَلْعِ، وَرَكِبَ مِنَ الْغَدِ خُزَيْمَةُ،، وَأَظْهَرَ جَعْفَرًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَشْهَدَهُمْ بِالْخَلْعِ، وَأَحَلَّ النَّاسَ مِنْ بَيْعَتِهِمْ، فَحَظِيَ بِهَا خُزَيْمَةُ. وعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ بَحْرٍ قَالَ: أَجْمَعَ الرَّشِيدُ مَا لَمْ يُجْمَعْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ جِدٍّ وَهَزْلٍ: وُزَرَاؤُهُ الْبَرَامِكَةُ لَمْ يُرَ مِثْلُهُمْ سَخَاءً [وَسُرُورًا]، وَقَاضِيهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ، وَشَاعِرُهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ كَانَ فِي عَصْرِهِ كَجَرِيرٍ فِي عَصْرِهِ، وَنَدِيمُهُ عَمُّ أَبِيهِ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَاحِبُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّةِ، وَحَاجِبُهُ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ أَتْيَهُ النَّاسِ وَأَشَدُّهُمْ تَعَاظُمًا، وَمُغَنِّيهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْمَوْصِليُّ أَوْحَدُ عَصْرِهِ، وَضَارِبُهُ زُلْزُلٌ [، وَزَامِرُهُ بُرْصُومَا]، وَزَوْجَتُهُ أُمُّ جَعْفَرٍ أَرْغَبُ النَّاسِ فِي خَيْرٍ، وَأَسْرَعُهُمْ إِلَى كُلِّ بِرٍّ وَمَعْرُوفٍ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي أَدْخَلَتِ الْمَاءَ الْحَرَمَ بَعْدَ امْتِنَاعِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، إِلَى أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْمَعْرُوفِ، وَمِنْ كِبَارِ قُوَّادِهِ الْمُعَلَّى وَلِيُّ الْبَصْرَةِ وَفَارِسَ وَالْأَهْوَازِ وَالْيَمَامَةِ وَالْبَحْرَيْنِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ نَهْرُ مُعَلًّى.
Translation
✧ The caliphate of al-Rashīd b. al-Mahdī. And in the year one hundred and seventy of the Prophetic Hijrah, allegiance was pledged to al-Rashīd Hārūn b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās for the caliphate on the night his brother al-Hādī died, that being Friday night, the middle of Rabīʿ al-Awwal in the year one hundred and seventy. Al-Rashīd's age on that day was twenty-two years. He sent for Yaḥyā b. Khālid b. Barmak, and brought him out of prison. Al-Hādī had resolved that night to kill him and to kill Hārūn al-Rashīd, so al-Rashīd brought him out—he was his son by suckling—and appointed him then to the vizierate. He appointed Yūsuf b. al-Qāsim b. Ṣubayḥ as secretary of state correspondence. He was the one who stood as khaṭīb before him when allegiance was taken for him on the minbar at ʿĪsābādh. It is said that when al-Hādī died in the night, Yaḥyā b. Khālid b. Barmak came to al-Rashīd and found him sleeping. He said to him, "Arise, O Commander of the Faithful." He said, "How much you terrify me! If this man heard these words, it would be the gravest of my sins before him." Yaḥyā said to him, "The man has died." Hārūn sat up and said, "Advise me." He began mentioning to him the governorships of the provinces for men he named, and al-Rashīd appointed them. While they were thus, another came and said, "Rejoice, O Commander of the Faithful—a boy has just been born to you." He said, "He is ʿAbd Allāh," and he is al-Maʾmūn. Then morning came, and he prayed over his brother al-Hādī and buried him at ʿĪsābādh. He swore he would not pray ẓuhr except in Baghdād. When he finished the funeral, he commanded that the neck of Abū ʿIṣmah the commander be struck, because he was with Jaʿfar b. al-Hādī and they crowded Hārūn on a bridge. Abū ʿIṣmah said, "Stop until the heir apparent passes." Al-Rashīd said, "Hearing and obedience to the amir." So Jaʿfar passed and al-Rashīd stopped. When he came to power, he commanded that Abū ʿIṣmah be killed. Then he traveled to Baghdād. When he reached the bridge of Baghdād, he summoned the divers and said, "A ring fell from me here. My father al-Mahdī had bought it for me for one hundred thousand. Some days ago, al-Hādī sent after me seeking it, and I threw it to the messenger, and it fell here." So they dived after it and found it, and al-Rashīd rejoiced greatly at it. Al-Rashīd's delegation to Yaḥyā b. Khālid of the affairs of the subjects When al-Rashīd appointed Yaḥyā b. Khālid to the vizierate, he said to him, "I have delegated to you the affair of the subjects, and I have removed it from my neck and placed it upon your neck. Appoint whom you see fit, and dismiss whom you see fit." About that Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī said: Have you not seen that the sun was sickly, but when Hārūn came to power its light shone by the auspiciousness of God's trustee Hārūn, possessor of generosity; for Hārūn is its governor and Yaḥyā its vizier. And al-Khayzurān was the one consulted in all matters. Yaḥyā b. Khālid did not decide a matter until he consulted her in what he concluded, resolved, executed, and adjudicated. Al-Ṣūlī mentioned that one day Yaḥyā was riding alongside al-Rashīd when a man stood up and said, "O Commander of the Faithful, my mount has perished." He said, "He is given five hundred dirhams." Yaḥyā winked at him. When he dismounted, he said, "O father, you gestured to me about something when I commanded the dirhams—what was it?" He said, "One like you does not let such an amount run off his tongue. One like you mentions only five thousand thousand, ten thousand thousand." He said, "If I am asked about something like this, how should I speak?" He said, "Say, 'We will buy a mount for him; it will be done for him as is done for his peers.'" When al-Hādī died, Khuzaymah b. Khāzim burst in upon Jaʿfar b. al-Hādī that night and seized him from his bed, saying to him, "You shall renounce it, or I shall strike your neck." He agreed to the renunciation. The next day Khuzaymah mounted, displayed Jaʿfar to the people, made them witness the renunciation, and released the people from their allegiance to him. Thus Khuzaymah obtained favor by it. From ʿAmr b. Baḥr, who said: Al-Rashīd combined what was not combined for anyone in earnest or jest: his viziers the Barāmikah—none like them was seen in generosity [and joy]; his judge Abū Yūsuf; his poet Marwān b. Abī Ḥafṣah, who in his age was like Jarīr in his age; his boon companion his paternal uncle al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad, the patron of al-ʿAbbāsiyyah; his chamberlain al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ, the most arrogant of people and the most given to self-importance; his singer Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī, the matchless of his age; his percussionist Zulzul, and his flutist Burṣūmā; his wife Umm Jaʿfar, the most desirous of people for good and the swiftest of them to every act of piety and kindness—she it was who brought water into the sanctuary after it had been prevented from that, along with other benevolent acts; and among his great commanders al-Muʿallā, governor of al-Baṣrah, Fāris, al-Ahwāz, al-Yamāmah, al-Baḥrayn, and elsewhere, to whom the Nahr Muʿallā is attributed.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.