Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2960
The year 170 of the Prophetic Hijrah
وفي سَنَةُ سَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ عَزَمَ الْهَادِي عَلَى خَلْعِ أَخِيهِ هَارُونَ مِنَ الْخِلَافَةِ، وَوِلَايَةِ الْعَهْدِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَمُبَايَعَةِ ابْنِهِ جَعْفَرٍ ابْنِ الْهَادِي، كَانَ الْهَادِي قَدْ جَدَّ فِي خَلْعِ الرَّشِيدِ وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِابْنِهِ جَعْفَرٍ، وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْهَادِيَ لَمَّا عَزَمَ عَلَى خَلْعِهِ ذَكَرَهُ لِقُوَّادِهِ، فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَيْهِ يَزِيدُ بْن? مَزْيَدٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى وَغَيْرُهُمْ. فَخَلَعُوا هَارُونَ، وَبَايَعُوا لِجَعْفَرٍ، وَوَضَعُوا الشِّيعَةَ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا فِي ذَلِكَ، وَتَنَقَّصُوا بِالرَّشِيدِ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْجَمَاعَةِ، وَقَالُوا لَا نَرْضَى بِهِ، وَصَعُبَ أَمْرُهُمْ، وَأَمَرَ الْهَادِي أَنْ لَا يُسَارَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ هَارُونَ بِالْحَرْبَةِ، فَاجْتَنَبَهُ النَّاسُ، وَتَرَكُوا السَّلَامَ عَلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ بَرْمَكٍ يَتَوَلَّى أُمُورَ الرَّشِيدِ بِأَمْرِ الْهَادِي، فَقِيلَ لِلْهَادِي: لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ خِلَافٌ إِنَّمَا يَحْيَى يُفْسِدُهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ، وَتَهَدَّدَهُ، وَرَمَاهُ بِالْكُفْرِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ اسْتَدْعَاهُ لَيْلَةً، فَخَافَ، وَأَوْصَى، وَتَحَنَّطَ، وَحَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا يَحْيَى ! مَا لِي وَلَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْعَبْدِ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ إِلَّا طَاعَتُهُ ؟ !. قَالَ: لِمَ تَدْخُلُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ أَخِي وَتُفْسِدُهُ عَلَيَّ ؟ قَالَ: مَنْ أَنَا حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ بَيْنَكُمَا ؟ إِنَّمَا صَيَّرَنِي الْمَهْدِيُّ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْتَ بِالْقِيَامِ بِأَمْرِهِ، فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى أَمْرِكَ. فَسَكَنَ غَضَبُهُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ هَارُونُ طَابَ نَفْسًا بِالْخَلْعِ، فَمَنَعَهُ يَحْيَى عَنْهُ. فَلَمَّا أَحْضَرَهُ الْهَادِي، وَقَالَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، قَالَ يَحْيَى: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّكَ إِنْ حَمَلْتَ النَّاسَ عَلَى نَكْثِ الْأَيْمَانِ هَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ، وَإِنْ تَرَكْتَهُمْ عَلَى بَيْعَةِ أَخِيكَ ثُمَّ بَايَعْتَ لِجَعْفَرٍ بَعْدَهُ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَوْكَدَ لِلْبَيْعَةِ، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، وَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ. فَعَادَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ بَايَعُوهُ مِنَ الْقُوَّادِ وَالشِّيعَةِ، فَحَمَلُوهُ عَلَى مُعَاوَدَةِ الرَّشِيدِ بِالْخَلْعِ، فَأَحْضَرَ يَحْيَى وَحَبَسَهُ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّ عِنْدِي نَصِيحَةً، فَأَحْضَرَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ لَا تَبْلُغُهُ، وَنَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُقْدِمَنَا قَبْلَهُ، يَعْنِي مَوْتَ الْهَادِي، أَتَظُنُّ النَّاسَ يُسَلِّمُونَ الْخِلَافَةَ لِجَعْفَرٍ، وَهُوَ لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الْحِنْثَ، أَوْ يَرْضَوْنَ بِهِ لِصَلَاتِهِمْ، وَحَجِّهِمْ، وَغَزْوِهِمْ ؟ ! قَالَ: مَا أَظُنُّ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَفَنَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَسْمُوَ إِلَيْهَا أَكَابِرُ أَهْلِكَ، مِثْلُ فُلَانٍ، وَيَطْمَعَ فِيهَا غَيْرُهُمْ، فَتَخْرُجَ مِنْ وَلَدِ أَبِيكَ ؟ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَمْ يَعْقِدْهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ لِأَخِيكَ، لَقَدْ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَعْقِدَهُ أَنْتَ لَهُ، فَكَيْفَ بِأَنْ تَحُلَّهُ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ عَقَدَهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ لَهُ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تُقِرَّ الْأَمْرَ عَلَى حَالِهِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ جَعْفَرٌ أَتَيْتَهُ بِالرَّشِيدِ، فَخَلَعَ نَفْسَهُ لَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ. فَقَبِلَ قَوْلَهُ، وَقَالَ: نَبَّهْتَنِي عَلَى أَمْرٍ لَمْ أَتَنَبَّهْ لَهُ. وَأَطْلَقَهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ أُولَئِكَ الْقُوَّادَ عَاوَدُوا الْقَوْلَ فِيهِ، فَأَرْسَلَ الْهَادِي إِلَى الرَّشِيدِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ يَحْيَى: اسْتَأْذِنْهُ فِي الصَّيْدِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجْتَ فَأَبْعِدْ، وَدَافِعِ الْأَيَّامَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَمَضَى إِلَى قَصْرِ بَنِي مُقَاتِلٍ، فَأَقَامَ [ بِهِ ] أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا، فَأَنْكَرَ الْهَادِي أَمْرَهُ، وَخَافَهُ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ بِالْعَوْدِ، فَتَعَلَّلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَظْهَرَ الْهَادِي شَتْمَهُ، وَبَسَطَ مَوَالِيهِ وَقُوَّادُهُ فِيهِ أَلْسِنَتَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا طَالَ الْأَمْرُ عَادَ الرَّشِيدُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ الْهَادِي فِي أَوَّلِ خِلَافَتِهِ جَلَسَ، وَعِنْدَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ، وَعِنْدَهُ الرَّشِيدُ، وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: يَا هَارُونُ كَأَنِّي بِكَ وَأَنْتَ تُحَدِّثُ نَفْسَكَ بِتَمَامِ الرُّؤْيَا، وَدُونَ ذَلِكَ خَرْطُ الْقَتَادِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ هَارُونُ: يَا مُوسَى إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَجَبَّرْتَ وُضِعْتَ، وَإِنْ تَوَاضَعْتَ رُفِعْتَ، وَإِنْ ظَلَمْتَ قُتِلْتَ، وَإِنْ أَنْصَفْتَ سَلِمْتَ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يُفْضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيَّ، فَأُنْصِفَ مَنْ ظَلَمْتَ، وَأَصِلَ مَنْ قَطَعْتَ، وَأَجْعَلَ أَوْلَادَكَ أَعْلَى مِنْ أَوْلَادِي، وَأُزَوِّجَهُمْ بَنَاتِي، وَأَبْلُغَ مَا يَجِبُ مِنْ حَقِّ الْإِمَامِ الْمَهْدِيِّ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْهَادِي: ذَلِكَ الظَّنُّ بِكَ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ، ادْنُ مِنِّي، فَدَنَا مِنْهُ، وَقَبَّلَ يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ أَرَادَ الْعَوْدَ إِلَى مَكَانِهِ، فَقَالَ: لَا وَالشَّيْخِ الْجَلِيلِ، وَالْمَلِكِ النَّبِيلِ، أَعْنِي الْمَنْصُورَ، لَا جَلَسْتَ إِلَّا مَعِي، فَأَجْلَسَهُ فِي صَدْرِ مَجْلِسِهِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُحْمَلَ إِلَيْهِ أَلْفُ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَنْ يُحْمَلَ إِلَيْهِ نِصْفُ الْخَرَاجِ. وَقَالَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَرَّانِيِّ: اعْرِضْ عَلَيْهِ مَا فِي الْخَزَائِنِ مِنْ مَالِنَا، وَمَا أُخِذَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ اللَّعْنَةِ، يَعْنِي بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ مَا أَرَادَ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. فَقَامَ عَنْهُ. وَسُئِلَ الرَّشِيدُ عَنِ الرُّؤْيَا، فَقَالَ: قَالَ الْمَهْدِيُّ: رَأَيْتُ فِي مَنَامِي كَأَنِّي دَفَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى وَإِلَى هَارُونَ قَضِيبًا، فَأَوْرَقَ مِنْ قَضِيبِ مُوسَى أَعْلَاهُ، وَأَوْرَقَ قَضِيبُ هَارُونَ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ، فَعَبَّرْتُ لَهُمَا أَنَّهُمَا يَمْلِكَانِ مَعًا، فَأَمَّا مُوسَى فَتَقِلُّ أَيَّامُهُ، وَأَمَّا هَارُونُ فَيَبْلُغُ آخِرَ مَا عَاشَ خَلِيفَةً، وَتَكُونُ أَيَّامُهُ أَحْسَنَ أَيَّامٍ، وَدَهْرُهُ أَحْسَنَ دَهْرٍ، فَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ. وَذُكِرَ أَنَّ الْهَادِيَ خَرَجَ إِلَى حَدِيثَةِ الْمَوْصِلِ، فَمَرِضَ بِهَا، وَاشْتَدَّ مَرَضُهُ، وَانْصَرَفَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى جَمِيعِ عُمَّالِهِ شَرْقًا وَغَرْبًا بِالْقُدُومِ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا ثَقُلَ أَجْمَعَ الْقُوَّادُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بَايَعُوا جَعْفَرًا، وَتَوَامَرُوا فِي قَتْلِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَقَالُوا: إِنْ صَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهِ قُتِلْنَا، وَعَزَمُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالُوا: لَعَلَّ الْهَادِيَ يُفِيقُ، فَمَا عُذْرُنَا عِنْدَهُ ؟ فَأَمْسَكُوا. وَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ مَرَضُ الْهَادِي أَرْسَلَتِ الْخَيْزُرَانُ إِلَى يَحْيَى تَأْمُرُهُ بِالِاسْتِعْدَادِ، فَأَحْضَرَ يَحْيَى كُتَّابًا فَكَتَبُوا الْكُتُبَ مِنَ الرَّشِيدِ إِلَى الْعُمَّالِ بِوَفَاةِ الْهَادِي، وَأَنَّهُ قَدْ وَلَّاهُمْ مَا كَانَ وَيَكُونُ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ الْهَادِي سُيِّرَتِ الْكُتُبُ. وَقِيلَ إِنَّ يَحْيَى كَانَ مَحْبُوسًا. وَكَانَ الْهَادِي قَدْ عَزَمَ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ، وَإِنَّ هَرْثَمَةَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ هُوَ [ الَّذِي ] أَقْعَدَ الرَّشِيدَ، وَلَمَّا مَاتَ الْهَادِي قَالَتِ الْخَيْزُرَانُ: قَدْ كُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّهُ يَمُوتُ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ خَلِيفَةٌ، وَيُمَلَّكُ خَلِيفَةٌ، وَيُولَدُ خَلِيفَةٌ، فَمَاتَ الْهَادِي، وَوَلِيَ الرَّشِيدُ، وَوُلِدَ الْمَأْمُونُ. وَكَانَتِ الْخَيْزُرَانُ قَدْ أَخَذَتِ الْعِلْمَ مِنَ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، وَكَانَ مَوْتُ الْهَادِي بِعِيسَابَاذَ. [فَائِدَةٌ ] [فِي ذِكْرِ مَنْ وَلَدَتْ خَلِيفَتَيْنِ ] وَقَالَ الصُّولِيُّ: (لَا تُعْرَفُ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَدَتْ خَلِيفَتَيْنِ إِلَّا الْخَيْزُرَانَ: أُمَّ الْهَادِي وَالرَّشِيدِ ، وَوَلَّادَةُ بِنْتُ الْعَبَّاسِ الْعَبْسِيَّةُ زَوْجُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ; وَلَدَتِ: الْوَلِيدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ، وَشَاهِينَ بِنْتَ فَيْرُوزَ بْنِ يَزْدَجِرْدَ بْنِ كِسْرَى، وَلَدَتْ لِلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: يَزِيدَ النَّاقِصَ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَوَلِيَا الْخِلَافَةَ. قُلْتُ: يُزَادُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ: بَايْ خَاتُونَ سَرِيَّةُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ الْأَخِيرِ، وَلَدَتِ: الْعَبَّاسَ وَحَمْزَةَ، وَوَلِيَا الْخِلَافَةَ، وَكَزَلَ سَرِيَّتُهُ أَيْضًا، وَلَدَتْ: دَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ، وَوَلِيَاهَا.
Translation
✧ In the year one hundred and seventy of the Prophetic Hijrah Al-Hādī resolved to depose his brother Hārūn from the caliphate and from the succession after him, and to give the oath of allegiance to his son Jaʿfar b. al-Hādī. Al-Hādī had pressed hard for the deposition of al-Rashīd and the oath of allegiance to his son Jaʿfar. The reason for that was that when al-Hādī resolved to depose him, he mentioned it to his commanders, and Yazīd b. Mazyad al-Shaybānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Mālik, ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā and others responded to him in favor of it. So they deposed Hārūn and gave the oath of allegiance to Jaʿfar, and they set the Shīʿa upon him. They spoke about that and disparaged al-Rashīd in the public assembly, saying, "We are not content with him." Their affair became difficult, and al-Hādī ordered that no one should walk before Hārūn with a spear. So the people avoided him and abandoned greeting him. Yaḥyā b. Khālid b. Barmak was managing al-Rashīd's affairs by order of al-Hādī. It was said to al-Hādī, "There is no opposition to you from your brother; it is only Yaḥyā who is corrupting him." So he sent for him and threatened him, and accused him of unbelief. Then he summoned him one night, and he was afraid, gave his last instructions, and perfumed himself as for burial. He came into his presence, and al-Hādī said to him, "Yaḥyā, what is it between me and you?" He replied, "What can there be from a servant to his master except obedience?" He said, "Why do you interpose between me and my brother and corrupt him against me?" He said, "Who am I that I should interpose between the two of you? Al-Mahdī assigned me to him, then you yourself commanded me to take charge of his affairs, and I ended at your command." So his anger subsided. Hārūn had been content to be deposed, but Yaḥyā prevented him from it. When al-Hādī summoned him and spoke to him about that, Yaḥyā said, "O Commander of the Faithful, if you make the people break their oaths, their oaths will become trivial to them. But if you leave them upon the oath of allegiance to your brother and then give allegiance to Jaʿfar after him, that will be more binding for the oath." He said, "You have spoken truly," and fell silent about it. Then those commanders and Shīʿa who had given allegiance to him returned and urged him to renew the deposition of al-Rashīd. So he summoned Yaḥyā and imprisoned him. Yaḥyā wrote to him, "I have some sincere advice," so he summoned him. Yaḥyā said to him, "O Commander of the Faithful, consider: if the matter should not reach him—and we ask God to take us before him, meaning al-Hādī's death—do you think the people will hand over the caliphate to Jaʿfar when he has not reached the age of legal responsibility, or that they will be content with him for their prayers, their pilgrimage, and their raids?" He said, "I do not think so." He said, "O Commander of the Faithful, are we safe from the leading men of your own house aspiring to it, such as so-and-so, and others coveting it, so that it departs from the offspring of your father? By God, even if al-Mahdī had not concluded this matter for your brother, it would have been proper for you to conclude it for him. How then can you remove it from him when al-Mahdī has concluded it for him? But I think you should leave the matter as it is. When Jaʿfar comes of age, you bring al-Rashīd to him, and he will step down for him and give him allegiance." He accepted his words and said, "You have alerted me to something I had not noticed." And he released him. Then those commanders returned to speaking about it, and al-Hādī sent to al-Rashīd about that matter and placed him under constraint. Yaḥyā said to al-Rashīd, "Ask his permission to go hunting. When you go out, go far away and stave off the days." So he did that, and al-Hādī gave him permission. He went to the palace of the Banū Muqātil and stayed there forty days. Al-Hādī disapproved of his affair and feared him, so he wrote to him to return. Al-Rashīd made excuses to him, so al-Hādī openly reviled him, and his clients and commanders spread their tongues against him. When the matter dragged on, al-Rashīd returned. At the beginning of his caliphate, al-Hādī had sat with a group of his commanders, and al-Rashīd was present, and al-Hādī looked at him. Then he said to him, "Hārūn, it is as if I can see you telling yourself of the completion of the vision—but getting there is harder than stripping the tragacanth thorn." Hārūn said to him, "Mūsā, if you act arrogantly, you will be brought low; if you act humbly, you will be raised up; if you wrong others, you will be killed; if you act justly, you will be safe. I hope the matter will come to me, and then I will act justly toward those you have wronged, join those you have cut off, make your sons higher than my sons, marry them to my daughters, and fulfill what is due of the right of the Imām al-Mahdī." Al-Hādī said to him, "That is what is expected of you, Abū Jaʿfar. Come near me." So he came near him and kissed his hand. Then he wanted to return to his place, but al-Hādī said, "No, by the venerable elder, the noble king—I mean al-Manṣūr—you shall sit only with me." So he seated him at the head of his assembly. Then he ordered that a million dinars be carried to him and that half the land tax be carried to him. He said to Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarrānī, "Show him what is in the treasuries of our wealth, and what was taken from the people of the house of the curse—meaning the Banū Umayyah—and let him take from it what he wishes." So he did that. Then he departed from him. Al-Rashīd was asked about the vision, and he said, "Al-Mahdī said: I saw in my sleep as if I handed Mūsā and Hārūn each a staff. The upper part of Mūsā's staff leafed out, while Hārūn's staff leafed out from its beginning to its end. I interpreted for them that both would rule: Mūsā's days would be few, while Hārūn would reach the end of his life as caliph, and his days would be the best of days and his time the best of times." And so it came to pass. It is mentioned that al-Hādī went out to Ḥadīthat al-Mawṣil, fell ill there, and his illness became severe. He turned back and wrote to all his governors east and west to come to him. When his condition grew grave, the commanders who had given allegiance to Jaʿfar gathered and conspired to kill Yaḥyā b. Khālid, saying, "If the matter comes to him, he will kill us." They resolved upon that, then they said, "Perhaps al-Hādī will recover; what excuse would we have before him?" So they held back. When al-Hādī's illness grew severe, al-Khayzurān sent to Yaḥyā ordering him to prepare. Yaḥyā summoned scribes, and they wrote letters from al-Rashīd to the governors announcing al-Hādī's death and that he had confirmed them in whatever had been and would be. When al-Hādī died, the letters were dispatched. It is said that Yaḥyā was imprisoned, and that al-Hādī had resolved to kill him that very night, and that Harthamah b. Aʿyan was the one who seated al-Rashīd. When al-Hādī died, al-Khayzurān said, "We used to speak of how on this night a caliph dies, a caliph is made king, and a caliph is born. Al-Hādī died, al-Rashīd became caliph, and al-Maʾmūn was born." Al-Khayzurān had learned this knowledge from al-Awzāʿī. Al-Hādī's death occurred at ʿĪsābādh. [A note] [On mentioning the women who gave birth to two caliphs] Al-Ṣūlī said: "No woman is known to have given birth to two caliphs except al-Khayzurān, the mother of al-Hādī and al-Rashīd; and Wallādah bt. al-ʿAbbās al-ʿAbsiyyah, the wife of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān—she gave birth to al-Walīd and Sulaymān; and Shāhīn bt. Fayrūz b. Yazdajird b. Kisrā, who bore to al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik: Yazīd al-Nāqiṣ and Ibrāhīm, and they both became caliphs. I say: to that may be added: Bāy Khātūn, the concubine of al-Mutawakkil the last—she gave birth to al-ʿAbbās and Ḥamzah, and they both became caliphs; and Kazal, also his concubine, gave birth to Dāwūd and Sulaymān, and they both became caliphs.
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