Tarikh (al-Tabari) 288
Chapter mentioning a group of the prophets of the Israelites after Dāwūd and Sulaymān
[ذِكْرُ عِمَارَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ] اخْتَلَفُوا عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا: إِنَّهُ أُرِمْيَا. رَوَى عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ مَعْقِلٍ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، قَالَ: أَقَامَ أُرْمِيَا بِأَرْضِ مِصْرَ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ: أَنِ الْحَقْ بِأَرْضِ إِيلِيَا، فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ لَيْسَتْ لَكَ بِأَرْضٍ، فَقَامَ فَرَكِبَ حِمَارَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ مَعَهُ سَلَّةً مِنْ عِنَبٍ وَسِقَاءً جَدِيدًا أَمْلَاهُ مَاءً. فَلَمَّا بَدَا لَهُ شَخْصُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَمَا حَوْلَهُ مِنَ الْقُرَى نَظَرَ إِلَى خَرَابٍ لَا يُوصَفُ، فَقَالَ: أَنَّى يُحْيِي هَذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا [2: 259]، ثُمَّ تَبَوَّأَ مِنْهَا مَنْزِلَهُ وَرَبَطَ حِمَارَهُ، فَأَلْقَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السُّبَاتَ وَنَزَعَ رُوحَهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ. فَلَمَّا مَرَّتْ مِنْهَا سَبْعُونَ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ مَلَكًا إِلَى مَلِكٍ مِنْ مُلُوكِ فَارِسَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَنْفِرَ بِقَوْمِكَ فَتَعْمُرَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ وَإِيلِيَا وَأَرْضَهَا حَتَّى تَعُودَ أَعْمَرَ مَا كَانَتْ. فَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ: أَنْظِرْنِي ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى أَتَأَهَّبَ لِهَذَا الْعَمَلِ. فَنَدَبَ أَلْفَ قَهْرَمَانٍ، مَعَ كُلِّ قَهْرَمَانٍ ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافِ عَامِلٍ، وَمَا يُصْلِحُهُ مِنْ أَدَاةِ الْعَمَلِ، فَسَارَتِ الْقَهَارِمَةُ فَلَمَّا وَقَعُوا فِي الْعَمَلِ رَدَّ اللَّهُ رُوحَ الْحَيَاةِ فِي عَيْنَيْ أُرْمِيَاءَ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا تُعْمَرُ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: اسْمُهُ كُورَشُ، وَلَمْ يَتِمَّ بِنَاؤُهَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْمَلِكِ الرَّابِعِ بَعْدَ كُورَشَ عَلَى سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ أَصْيَدَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ رَهْطِ دَاوُدَ. [الْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي]: إِنَّ أَرْمِيَاءَ لَبِثَ فِي مَوْتِهِ إِلَى أَنْ هَلَكَ بُخْتُ نَصَّرَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ عَاشَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ، وَهَلَكَ بِبَعُوضَةٍ دَخَلَتْ فِي رَأْسِهِ، وَهَلَكَ الْمَلِكُ الَّذِي فَوْقَهُ، وَهُوَ لِهْرَاسِبُ، وَكَانَ مُلْكُهُ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً. وَمَلَكَ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ بُشَاسِبُ، فَبَلَغَهُ عَنْ بِلَادِ الشَّامِ خَرَابٌ، وَأَنَّ السِّبَاعَ قَدْ كَثُرَتْ فِي بِلَادِ فِلَسْطِينَ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ أَحَدٌ، فَنَادَى فِي أَرْضِ بَابِلَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَلْيَرْجِعْ، وَمَلَّكَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنْ آلِ دَاوُدَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْمُرَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ وَيَبْنِيَ مَسْجِدَهَا، فَرَجَعُوا فَعَمَرُوهَا، وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الرَّوْحَ إِلَى أُرْمِيَاءَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. [الْقَوْلُ الثَّالِثُ] وَعَلَى هَذَا أَكْثَرُ الْعُلَمَاءِ، وَهُوَ عُزَيْرُ بْنُ شَرْوِيقَ بْنِ عَزِيَّا بْنِ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ زُرَحْيَا بْنِ عُزَيٍّ مِنْ وَلَدِ هَارُونَ. عَنْ نَاجِيَةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ: أَوْ كَالَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ [2: 259] قَالَ: هُوَ عُزَيْرٌ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: لَمَّا قَالَ عُزَيْزٌ: أَنَّى يُحْيِي هَذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا [2: 259]، أَمَاتَهُ اللَّهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ، وَأَوَّلُ مَا خُلِقَ مِنْهُ عَيْنَاهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى عِظَامِهِ يَنْضَمُّ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ، ثُمَّ كُسِيَتْ لَحْمًا وَنُفِخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَاتَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وَابْنُهُ ابْنُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ بُعِثَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَابْنُهُ ابْنُ مِائَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى أَتَى قَوْمَهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا عُزَيْرٌ، فَقَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا آبَاؤُنَا أَنَّ عُزَيْرًا مَاتَ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا هُوَ، أَرْسَلَنِي اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ أُجَدِّدُ لَكُمْ تَوْرَاتَكُمْ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ ذَهَبَتْ فَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يَقْرَأُهَا، فَأَمْلَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ: كَانَ عُزَيْرٌ مِنَ السَّبَايَا الَّتِي سَبَاهَا بُخْتُ نَصَّرَ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى الشَّامِ يَبْكِي عَلَى فَقْدِ التَّوْرَاةِ، فَجَاءَ مَلَكٌ، فَقَالَ: صُمْ وَتَطَهَّرْ وَطَهِّرْ ثِيَابِكَ وَتَعَالَى إِلَى هَذَا الْمَكَانِ، فَفَعَلَ، فَأَتَاهُ بِإِنَاءٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَسَقَاهُ، فَمَثُلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ فِي صَدْرِهِ، فَرَجَعَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَتَلَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَقَامَ فِيهِمْ مُقِيمًا بِحَقِّ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ تَوَفَّاهُ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمُنَادِي: لَمَّا تَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ بَعْضَهَا افْتَتَنُوا، فَقَالُوا مَا قَالُوا، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ بُدِّلَتْ، وَكَانَ الْمُتَوَلِّي لِتَبْدِيلِهَا مِيخَائِيلَ تِلْمِيذَ عُزَيْرٍ، وَهُوَ رَأْسُ بَابِلَ كُلِّهَا. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: لَمَّا خَرِبَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ أَحْرَقَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَسَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَى بَابِلَ، فَذَهَبَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ، فَجَاءَ عُزَيْرٌ فَجَدَّدَهَا لَهُمْ وَدَفَعَهَا إِلَى تِلْمِيذٍ لَهُ وَمَاتَ، فَذَلِكَ التِّلْمِيذُ زَادَ فِيهَا وَنَقَصَ. وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى تَبْدِيلِهَا أَنَّ فِيهَا أَسْفَارَ مُوسَى وَمَا جَرَى لَهُ، وَكَيْفَ كَانَ مَوْتُهُ وَوَصِيَّتُهُ إِلَى يُوشَعَ، وَحُزْنُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يُشْكِلُ عَلَى عَاقِلٍ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ وَلَا مِنْ كَلَامِ مُوسَى، وَفِي أَيْدِي السَّامِرَةِ تَوْرَاةٌ تُخَالِفُ هَذِهِ الْمَوْجُودَةَ. وَقَالَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدَ: سَأَلَ عُزَيْرٌ رَبَّهُ عَنِ الْقَدَرِ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْ عِلْمِي فَعُقُوبَتُكَ أَنْ لَا أُسَمِّيَكَ فِي الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: لَمَّا بُنِيَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ أَقَامَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ أَمَرَهُمْ وَكَثُرُوا إِلَى أَنْ غَلَبَتَهُمُ الرُّومُ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ جَمَاعَةٌ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the building of the Sacred House They differed over two statements: One of them is that it was Armiyā. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. Maʿqil narrated from Wahb b. Munabbih, who said: Armiyā stayed in the land of Egypt, and Allah Almighty revealed to him: “Join the land of Īliyā, for this is not a land for you.” He arose and mounted his donkey until, when he was on part of the road, having taken with him a basket of grapes and a new waterskin filled with water, when the outline of the Sacred House and the villages around it appeared to him, he looked upon an indescribable ruin and said: “How will Allah bring this to life after its death?” [Q 2:259]. Then he took up his lodging there and tethered his donkey, and Allah cast slumber upon him and took his spirit for a hundred years. When seventy of them had passed, Allah sent an angel to a king among the kings of Persia, saying: “Allah commands you to set out with your people and build the Sacred House and Īliyā and its land until it returns to the most flourishing state it had ever been.” The king said: “Grant me three days so that I may prepare for this work.” He summoned a thousand stewards, with each steward three thousand workers and whatever tools of work he needed, and the stewards set out. When they fell to work, Allah restored the spirit of life to the eyes of Armiyā, and he watched it being built. Mujāhid said: Its name is Kūrash, and its building was not completed until after the fourth king after Kūrash, Samāʿah b. Aṣyad, who was of the clan of Dāwūd. [The second statement]: Armiyā remained dead until Bukht Naṣṣar perished, having lived three hundred years, and he perished by a gnat that entered his head; and the king above him, Lihrāsib, perished, whose reign was one hundred and twenty years. After him his son Bushāsib reigned, and news reached him of the ruin of the lands of Syria and that wild beasts had multiplied in the lands of Palestine so that no human remained there. So he proclaimed in the land of Babel among the Israelites: “Whoever wishes to return to Syria, let him return,” and he set over them a man from the house of Dāwūd and commanded him to build the Sacred House and construct its mosque. They returned and built it, and Allah restored the spirit to Armiyā ﷺ. [The third statement], and upon this most scholars are agreed, is that it was ʿUzayr b. Sharwīq b. ʿAziyā b. Ayyūb b. Zuraḥyā b. ʿUzayy, of the descendants of Hārūn. From Nājiyah b. Kaʿb: “Or like him who passed by a town” [Q 2:259]; he said: He is ʿUzayr. The scholars of biography said: When ʿUzayr said: “How will Allah bring this to life after its death?” [Q 2:259], Allah caused him to die for a hundred years. The first thing created of him was his two eyes, and he began to watch his bones joining one to another, then they were clothed with flesh and the spirit was breathed into him. Ibn ʿAbbās said: He died at the age of forty, while his son was twenty; then he was raised at the age of one hundred and forty, while his son was one hundred and twenty. He came until he reached his people in the Sacred House and said: “I am ʿUzayr.” They said: “Our fathers told us that ʿUzayr died.” He said: “I am he; Allah sent me to you to renew your Torah for you.” It had been lost, and no one could read it, so he dictated it to them. Wahb b. Munabbih said: ʿUzayr was among the captives whom Bukht Naṣṣar took from the Sacred House, and he returned to Syria weeping over the loss of the Torah. An angel came and said: “Fast, purify yourself, purify your garments, and come up to this place.” He did so, and the angel brought him a vessel containing water and gave him to drink, and the Torah became represented in his breast. He returned to the Israelites and recited it to them and remained among them upholding the right of Allah, then He took him. Aḥmad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Munādī said: When he recited part of it to them, they were seduced, and they said what they said. When he died, it was altered, and the one who undertook its alteration was Mīkhāʾīl, the disciple of ʿUzayr, who is the head of all Babel. Others said: When the Sacred House was destroyed, he burned the Torah and drove the Israelites to Babel, and the Torah was lost. ʿUzayr came and renewed it for them and delivered it to a disciple of his and died, and that disciple added to it and subtracted from it. What indicates its alteration is that it contains the books of Moses and what happened to him, how his death was, his testament to Joshua, the grief of the Israelites over him, and other matters which no reasonable person could doubt are not from the speech of Allah nor from the speech of Moses. And in the hands of the Samaritans is a Torah that contradicts this existing one. Dāwūd b. Abī Hind said: ʿUzayr asked his Lord about the decree, and Allah revealed to him: “You have asked Me about My knowledge, so your punishment is that I will not name you among the prophets.” Thus he was not mentioned among the prophets. The scholars of biography said: When the Sacred House was built, the Israelites established their affairs and multiplied until the Romans overcame them, and after that they had no congregation.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.