Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2683
Then the Year 132 AH Began
ذِكْرُ قَتْلِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قُتِلَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكَانَ قَتْلُهُ بِبُوصِيرَ، مِنْ أَعْمَالِ مِصْرَ، لِثَلَاثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَكَانَ مَرْوَانُ لَمَّا هَزَمَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بِالزَّابِ أَتَى مَدِينَةَ الْمَوْصِلِ وَعَلَيْهَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو التَّغْلِبِيُّ، وَبِشْرُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ الْأَسَدِيُّ فَقَطَعَا الْجِسْرَ، فَنَادَاهُمْ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ: هَذَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَرْوَانُ ! فَقَالُوا: كَذَبْتُمْ، أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا يَفِرُّ ! وَسَبَّهُ أَهْلُ الْمَوْصِلِ، وَقَالُوا: يَا جَعْدِيُّ ! يَا مُعَطِّلُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَزَالَ سُلْطَانَكُمْ وَذَهَبَ بِدَوْلَتِكُمْ ! الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَتَانَا بِأَهْلِ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّنَا ! فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ سَارَ إِلَى بَلَدٍ فَعَبَرَ دِجْلَةَ وَأَتَى حَرَّانَ، وَبِهَا ابْنُ أَخِيهِ أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَامِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا نَيِّفًا وَعِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا. وَسَارَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَوْصِلَ، فَدَخَلَهَا وَعَزَلَ عَنْهَا هِشَامًا، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صُولٍ، ثُمَّ سَارَ فِي أَثَرِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَمَلَ مَرْوَانُ أَهْلَهُ وَعِيَالَهُ وَمَضَى مُنْهَزِمًا، وَخَلَّفَ بِمَدِينَةِ حَرَّانَ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ أَبَانَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، وَتَحْتَهُ أُمُّ عُثْمَانَ ابْنَةُ مَرْوَانَ. وَقَدِمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ حَرَّانَ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَبَانٌ مُسَوِّدًا مُبَايِعًا لَهُ، فَبَايَعَهُ وَدَخَلَ فِي طَاعَتِهِ، فَآمَنَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ بِحَرَّانَ وَالْجَزِيرَةِ. وَمَضَى مَرْوَانُ إِلَى حِمْصَ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَهْلُهَا بِالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا يَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً ثُمَّ سَارَ مِنْهَا. فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا قِلَّةَ مَنْ مَعَهُ طَمِعُوا فِيهِ، وَقَالُوا: مَرْعُوبٌ مُنْهَزِمٌ، فَاتَّبَعُوهُ بَعْدَمَا رَحَلَ عَنْهُمْ فَلَحِقُوهُ عَلَى أَمْيَالٍ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى غَبَرَةَ الْخَيْلِ كَمَّنَ لَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا جَاوَزُوا الْكَمِينَ صَافَّهُمْ مَرْوَانُ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ وَنَاشَدَهُمْ، فَأَبَوْا إِلَّا قِتَالَهُ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْكَمِينُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ حِمْصَ وَقُتِلُوا حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى قُرَيْبِ الْمَدِينَةِ. وَأَتَى مَرْوَانُ دِمَشْقَ وَعَلَيْهَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، فَخَلَّفَهُ بِهَا وَقَالَ: قَاتِلْهُمْ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ. وَمَضَى مَرْوَانُ حَتَّى أَتَى فِلَسْطِينَ فَنَزَلَ نَهْرَ أَبِي فُطْرُسٍ، وَقَدْ غَلَبَ عَلَى فِلَسْطِينَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ ضَبْعَانَ الْجُذَامِيُّ، فَأَرْسَلَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رَوْحِ بْنِ زِنْبَاعٍ الْجُذَامِيِّ فَأَجَارَهُ، وَكَانَ بَيْتُ الْمَالِ فِي يَدِ الْحَكَمِ. وَكَانَ السَّفَّاحُ قَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ يَأْمُرُهُ بِاتِّبَاعِ مَرْوَانَ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَوْصِلَ، فَتَلَقَّاهُ مَنْ بِهَا مُسَوِّدِينَ وَفَتَحُوا لَهُ الْمَدِينَةَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى حَرَّانَ، فَتَلَّقَاهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ مُسَوِّدًا، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَآمَنَهُ وَهَدَمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الدَّارَ الَّتِي حُبِسَ فِيهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ. ثُمَّ سَارَ مِنْ حَرَّانَ إِلَى مَنْبِجَ، وَقَدْ سَوَّدُوا، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا، وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ قِنَّسْرِينَ بِبَيْعَتِهِمْ، وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ أَرْسَلَهُ السَّفَّاحُ مَدَدًا لَهُ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، فَسَارَ بَعْدَ قُدُومِ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ إِلَى قِنَّسْرِينَ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ سَوَّدُوا، ( فَأَقَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ )، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى حِمْصَ وَبَايَعَ أَهْلَهَا وَأَقَامَ بِهَا أَيَّامًا، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى بَعْلَبَكَّ، فَأَقَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ فَنَزَلَ مِزَّةَ دِمَشْقَ، وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ مِنْ قُرَى الْغُوطَةِ. وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ أَخُوهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ مَدَدًا، فَنَزَلَ مَرْجَ عَذْرَاءَ فِي ثَمَانِيَةِ آلَافٍ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَنَزَلَ عَلَى الْبَابِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، وَنَزَلَ صَالِحٌ عَلَى بَابِ الْجَابِيَةِ، وَنَزَلَ أَبُو عَوْنٍ عَلَى بَابِ كَيْسَانَ، وَنَزَلَ بَسَّامُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى بَابِ الصَّغِيرِ، وَنَزَلَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ قَحْطَبَةَ عَلَى بَابِ تُوَمَا، وَعَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ صَفْوَانَ وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَلَى بَابِ الْفَرَادِيسِ، وَفِي دِمَشْقَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَحَصَرُوهُ وَدَخَلُوهَا عَنْوَةً يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ لِخَمْسٍ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ صَعِدَ سُورَ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ بَابٍ شَرْقِيٍّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الطَّائِيُّ، وَمِنْ نَاحِيَةِ بَابِ الصَّغِيرِ بَسَّامُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَاتَلُوا بِهَا ثَلَاثَ سَاعَاتٍ، وَقُتِلَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فِيمَنْ قُتِلَ. وَأَقَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فِي دِمَشْقَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ سَارَ يُرِيدُ فِلَسْطِينَ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَهْلُ الْأُرْدُنِّ وَقَدْ سَوَّدُوا، وَأَتَى نَهْرَ أَبِي فُطْرُسٍ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ مَرْوَانُ، فَأَقَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِفِلَسْطِينَ، وَنَزَلَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، فَأَتَاهُ كِتَابُ السَّفَّاحِ يَأْمُرُهُ بِإِرْسَالِ صَالِحِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فِي طَلَبِ مَرْوَانَ. فَسَارَ صَالِحٌ مِنْ نَهْرِ أَبِي فُطْرُسٍ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَمَعَهُ ابْنُ فَتَّانٍ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَقَدَّمَ صَالِحٌ أَبَا عَوْنٍ، وَعَامِرَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْحَارِثِيَّ، فَسَارُوا حَتَّى بَلَغُوا الْعَرِيشَ. فَأَحْرَقَ مَرْوَانُ مَا كَانَ حَوْلَهُ مِنْ عَلَفٍ وَطَعَامٍ. وَسَارَ صَالِحٌ فَنَزَلَ النِّيلَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ حَتَّى أَتَى الصَّعِيدَ، وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ خَيْلًا لِمَرْوَانَ يُحْرِقُونَ الْأَعْلَافَ فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأُخِذُوا، وَقَدِمَ بِهِمْ عَلَى صَالِحٍ وَهُوَ بِالْفُسْطَاطِ، وَسَارَ فَنَزَلَ مَوْضِعًا يُقَالُ لَهُ ذَاتُ السَّلَاسِلِ. وَقَدَّمَ أَبُو عَوْنٍ عَامِرَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْحَارِثِيَّ، وَشُعْبَةَ بْنَ كَثِيرٍ الْمَازِنِيَّ فِي خَيْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَوْصِلِ، فَلَقُوا خَيْلًا لِمَرْوَانَ، فَهَزَمُوهُمْ وَأَسَرُوا مِنْهُمْ رِجَالًا، فَقَتَلُوا بَعْضًا وَاسْتَحْيَوْا بَعْضًا، فَسَأَلُوهُمْ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ فَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِمَكَانِهِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَمِّنُوهُمْ. وَسَارُوا فَوَجَدُوهُ نَازِلًا فِي كَنِيسَةٍ فِي بُوصِيرَ، فَوَافَوْهُ لَيْلًا، وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي عَوْنٍ قَلِيلِينَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ عَامِرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ: إِنْ أَصْبَحْنَا وَرَأَوْا قِلَّتَنَا أَهْلَكُونَا وَلَمْ يَنْجُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ. وَكَسَرَ جَفْنَ سَيْفِهِ وَفَعَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ مِثْلَهُ، وَحَمَلُوا عَلَى أَصْحَابِ مَرْوَانَ فَانْهَزَمُوا، وَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ فَطَعَنَهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ، وَصَاحَ صَائِحٌ: صُرِعَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ! فَابْتَدَرُوهُ فَسَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ كَانَ يَبِيعُ الرُّمَّانَ فَاحْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ عَامِرٌ فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى أَبِي عَوْنٍ، وَبَعَثَهُ أَبُو عَوْنٍ إِلَى صَالِحٍ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَيْهِ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُقَصَّ لِسَانُهُ، فَانْقَطَعَ لِسَانُهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ هِرٌّ، فَقَالَ صَالِحٌ: مَاذَا تُرِينَا الْأَيَّامُ مِنَ الْعَجَائِبِ وَالْعِبَرِ ! هَذَا لِسَانُ مَرْوَانَ قَدْ أَخَذَهُ هِرٌّ. وَقَالَ شَاعِرٌ: قَدْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ مِصْرًا عَنْوَةً لَكُمْ وَأَهْلَكَ الْفَاجِرَ الْجَعْدِيَّ إِذْ ظَلَمَا فَلَاكَ مِقْوَلَهُ هِرٌّ يُجَرِّرُهُ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ ذِي الْكُفْرِ مُنْتَقِمًا وَسَيَّرَهُ صَالِحٌ إِلَى أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ السَّفَّاحِ. وَكَانَ قَتْلُهُ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ بَقِيَتَا مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَرَجَعَ صَالِحٌ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَخَلَّفَ أَبَا عَوْنٍ بِمِصْرَ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ السِّلَاحَ وَالْأَمْوَالَ وَالرَّقِيقَ. وَلَمَّا وَصَلَ الرَّأْسُ إِلَى السَّفَّاحِ كَانَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَظْهَرَنِي عَلَيْكَ وَأَظْفَرَنِي بِكَ، وَلَمْ يُبْقِ ثَأْرِي قِبَلَكَ، وَقِبَلَ رَهْطِكَ أَعْدَاءِ الدِّينِ ! وَتَمَثَّلَ: لَوْ يَشْرَبُونَ دَمِي لَمْ يُرْوَ شَارِبُهُمْ وَلَا دِمَاؤُهُمْ لِلْغَيْظِ تَرْوِينِي وَلِمَا قُتِلَ مَرْوَانُ هَرَبَ ابْنَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَلَقُوا مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ بَلَاءً، قَاتَلَهُمْ الْحَبَشَةُ فَقُتِلَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ وَنَجَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي عِدَّةٍ مِمَّنْ مَعَهُ، فَبَقِيَ إِلَى خِلَافَةِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَأَخَذَهُ نَصْرُ بْنُمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، عَامِلُ فِلَسْطِينَ، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ. وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ مَرْوَانُ قَصَدَ عَامِرٌ الْكَنِيسَةَ الَّتِي فِيهَا حُرَمُ مَرْوَانَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ بِهِنَّ خَادِمًا، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُنَّ بَعْدَهُ، فَأَخَذَهُ عَامِرٌ وَأَخَذَ نِسَاءَ مَرْوَانَ وَبَنَاتِهِ، فَسَيَّرَهُنَّ إِلَى صَالِحِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلْنَ عَلَيْهِ تَكَلَّمَتِ ابْنَةُ مَرْوَانَ الْكُبْرَى، فَقَالَتْ: يَا عَمَّ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ! حَفِظَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ مَا تُحِبُّ حِفْظَهُ، نَحْنُ بَنَاتُكَ وَبَنَاتُ أَخِيكَ، وَابْنِ عَمِّكَ فَلْيَسَعْنَا مِنْ عَفْوِكُمْ مَا وَسِعَكُمْ مِنْ جَوْرِنَا. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَسْتَبْقِي مِنْكُمْ وَاحِدًا ! أَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَبُوكِ ابْنَ أَخِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِمَامَ ؟ أَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَصَلَبَهُ فِي الْكُوفَةِ ؟ أَلَمْ يَقْتُلِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ يَحْيَى بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَصَلَبَهُ بِخُرَاسَانَ ؟ أَلَمْ يَقْتُلِ ابْنُ زِيَادٍ الدَّعِيُّ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ عَقِيلٍ ؟ أَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ ؟ أَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِ بِحُرَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَبَايَا فَوَقَّفَهُنَّ مَوْقِفَ السَّبْيِ ؟ أَلَمْ يَحْمِلْ رَأْسَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَقَدْ قَرَعَ دِمَاغَهُ ؟ فَمَا الَّذِي يَحْمِلُنِي عَلَى الْإِبْقَاءِ عَلَيْكُنَّ ؟ ! قَالَتْ: فَلْيَسَعْنَا عَفْوُكُمْ ! فَقَالَ: أَمَّا هَذَا فَنَعَمْ، وَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتِ زَوَّجْتُكِ ابْنِيَ الْفَضْلَ ! فَقَالَتْ: وَأَيُّ عِزٍّ خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا ! بَلْ تُلْحِقُنَا بِحَرَّانَ. فَحَمَلَهُنَّ إِلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلْنَهَا وَرَأَيْنَ مَنَازِلَ مَرْوَانَ رَفَعْنَ أَصْوَاتَهُنَّ بِالْبُكَاءِ. ما قيل في من قتل مروان بن محمد قِيلَ: كَانَ يَوْمًا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَاهَانَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ مَرْوَانُ يَتَحَدَّثُ، إِذْ مَرَّ بِهِ عَامِرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَهُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ، فَأَتَى دِجْلَةَ وَاسْتَقَى مِنْ مَائِهَا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَدَعَاهُ بُكَيْرٌ، فَقَالَ: مَا اسْمُكَ يَا فَتَى ؟ قَالَ: عَامِرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ. قَالَ: فَكُنْ [ مِنْ ] بَنِي مُسْلِيَةَ. قَالَ: فَأَنَا مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ: أَنْتَ وَاللَّهِ تَقْتُلُ مَرْوَانَ ! فَكَانَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ هُوَ الَّذِي قَوَّى طَمَعَ عَامِرٍ فِي قَتْلِ مَرْوَانَ. وَ?َمَّا قُتِلَ مَرْوَانُ كَانَ عُمُرُهُ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً، وَقِيلَ: تِسْعًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ مِنْ حِينِ بُويِعَ إِلَى أَنْ قُتِلَ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ وَعَشَرَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَسِتَّةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، وَكَانَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ كُرْدِيَّةً، كَانَتْ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْأَشْتَرِ، أَخَذَهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ يَوْمَ قَتْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَوَلَدَتْ مَرْوَانَ، فَلِهَذَا قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ الْمَنْتُوفُ لِلسَّفَّاحِ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَبْدَلَنَا بِحِمَارِ الْجَزِيرَةِ وَابْنِ أَمَةِ النَّخَعِ ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the killing of Marwān b. Muḥammad b. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam In this year Marwān b. Muḥammad was killed. He was killed at Būṣīr, in the districts of Egypt, on the 27th of Dhū al-Ḥijjah in the year 132. When ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī defeated him at al-Zāb, Marwān came to the city of al-Mawṣil, where Hishām b. ʿAmr al-Taghlibī and Bishr b. Khuzaymah al-Asadī were in charge. They cut the bridge, and the people of Syria called out to them, “This is the Commander of the Faithful, Marwān!” But they said, “You lie! The Commander of the Faithful does not flee!” The people of al-Mawṣil reviled him, saying, “O Jaʿdī! O denier of God’s attributes! Praise be to God who has removed your authority and taken away your dynasty! Praise be to God who has brought us the family of our Prophet!” When he heard that, he went to Balad, crossed the Tigris, and came to Ḥarrān, where his nephew Abān b. Yazīd b. Muḥammad b. Marwān was his governor. He stayed there for more than twenty days. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī marched until he reached al-Mawṣil. He entered it, dismissed Hishām, and appointed Muḥammad b. Ṣūl over it. Then he marched in pursuit of Marwān b. Muḥammad. When ʿAbd Allāh drew near him, Marwān took his women and dependents and departed in flight. He left his nephew Abān b. Yazīd in the city of Ḥarrān, and with him was Umm ʿUthmān, daughter of Marwān. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī arrived at Ḥarrān, and Abān met him wearing black and pledging allegiance to him. He gave him the oath of allegiance and entered into obedience to him, and ʿAbd Allāh granted him and those in Ḥarrān and al-Jazīrah safety. Marwān went on to Ḥimṣ, whose people met him with hearing and obedience. He stayed there two or three days, then departed. When they saw how few men were with him, they coveted him and said, “He is terrified and defeated.” They followed him after he had left them and caught up with him a few miles away. When he saw the dust of the horses, he set an ambush for them. When they passed the ambush, Marwān faced them with those who were with him and adjured them, but they insisted on fighting him. He fought them, and the ambush attacked them from behind. The people of Ḥimṣ were defeated and killed until they reached near the city. Marwān came to Damascus, where al-Walīd b. Muʿāwiyah b. Marwān was in charge. He left him there and said, “Fight them until the people of Syria gather.” Marwān went on until he reached Palestine and encamped at the River of Abū Fuṭrus. Al-Ḥakam b. Ḍabʿān al-Judhāmī had taken control of Palestine, so Marwān sent to ʿAbd Allāh b. Yazīd b. Rawḥ b. Zinbāʿ al-Judhāmī, and he granted him protection. The treasury was in the hands of al-Ḥakam. Al-Saffāḥ had written to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī ordering him to pursue Marwān. He marched until he reached al-Mawṣil, whose people met him wearing black and opened the city to him. Then he marched to Ḥarrān, and Abān b. Yazīd met him wearing black, as mentioned before, and he granted him safety. ʿAbd Allāh demolished the house in which Ibrāhīm had been imprisoned. Then he marched from Ḥarrān to Manbij, whose people had adopted black. He stayed there, and the people of Qinnasrīn sent him their oath of allegiance. His brother ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. ʿAlī came to him, sent by al-Saffāḥ as reinforcement with four thousand men. Two days after ʿAbd al-Ṣamad’s arrival, he marched to Qinnasrīn, whose people had adopted black. He stayed two days, then marched to Ḥimṣ, whose people gave him their oath of allegiance, and he stayed there for some days. Then he marched to Baʿlabakk and stayed two days. Then he marched and encamped at Mizzat Damascus, a village of the Ghūṭah. His brother Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAlī came to him as reinforcement and encamped at Marj ʿAdhrāʾ with eight thousand men. Then ʿAbd Allāh advanced and encamped at the Eastern Gate, Ṣāliḥ at the Jābiyah Gate, Abū ʿAwn at the Kaysān Gate, Bassām b. Ibrāhīm at the Small Gate, Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah at the Tūmā Gate, and ʿAbd al-Ṣamad, Yaḥyā b. Ṣafwān, and al-ʿAbbās b. Yazīd at the Farādīs Gate. In Damascus was al-Walīd b. Muʿāwiyah. They besieged him and entered the city by force on Wednesday, the 5th of Ramaḍān in the year 132. The first to climb the city wall from the Eastern Gate was ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṭāʾī, and from the direction of the Small Gate was Bassām b. Ibrāhīm. They fought there for three hours, and al-Walīd b. Muʿāwiyah was killed among the slain. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī stayed in Damascus for fifteen days. Then he marched toward Palestine. The people of Jordan met him, having adopted black. He came to the River of Abū Fuṭrus, and Marwān had already left. ʿAbd Allāh stayed in Palestine, and Yaḥyā b. Jaʿfar al-Hāshimī encamped in the city. A letter from al-Saffāḥ reached him ordering him to send Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAlī in pursuit of Marwān. Ṣāliḥ marched from the River of Abū Fuṭrus in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of the year 132, accompanied by Ibn Fattān and ʿĀmir b. Ismāʿīl. Ṣāliḥ sent ahead Abū ʿAwn and ʿĀmir b. Ismāʿīl al-Ḥārithī, and they marched until they reached al-ʿArīsh. Marwān burned all the fodder and food around him. Ṣāliḥ marched and encamped at the Nile. Then he marched until he came to Upper Egypt. He learned that some of Marwān’s cavalry were burning the fodder, so he sent men against them, and they were captured. They were brought to Ṣāliḥ while he was at al-Fusṭāṭ. He marched and encamped at a place called Dhāt al-Salāsil. Abū ʿAwn sent ahead ʿĀmir b. Ismāʿīl al-Ḥārithī and Shuʿbah b. Kathīr al-Māzinī with the cavalry of the people of al-Mawṣil. They encountered some of Marwān’s cavalry, defeated them, and captured some men. They killed some and spared others. They asked them about Marwān, and they told them his location on condition that they grant them safety. They marched and found him encamped in a church at Būṣīr. They came upon him at night. Abū ʿAwn’s companions were few, so ʿĀmir b. Ismāʿīl said to them, “If morning comes and they see how few we are, they will destroy us and none of us will escape.” He broke the scabbard of his sword, and his companions did the same. They charged Marwān’s companions, who fled. A man charged at Marwān and stabbed him, not knowing who he was. Someone shouted, “The Commander of the Faithful has been struck down!” They rushed to him, and a man from the people of al-Kūfah, who used to sell pomegranates, reached him first and cut off his head. ʿĀmir took it and sent it to Abū ʿAwn, and Abū ʿAwn sent it to Ṣāliḥ. When it reached him, he ordered that its tongue be cut out. The tongue was cut off, and a cat took it. Ṣāliḥ said, “What wonders and lessons do the days show us! This is Marwān’s tongue, and a cat has taken it.” A poet said: God has opened Egypt for you by force and destroyed the wicked Jaʿdī when he did wrong. A cat drags his tongue, and your Lord took vengeance on the disbeliever. Ṣāliḥ sent it to Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Saffāḥ. He was killed on the 27th of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. Ṣāliḥ returned to Syria and left Abū ʿAwn in Egypt, delivering to him the weapons, wealth, and slaves. When the head reached al-Saffāḥ, he was in al-Kūfah. When he saw it, he prostrated, then raised his head and said, “Praise be to God who has made me prevail over you and granted me victory over you. He has not left my vengeance unavenged against you and against your clan, the enemies of the religion!” He recited: If they drank my blood, their drinkers would not be quenched, nor would their blood quench my rage. When Marwān was killed, his two sons ʿAbd Allāh and ʿUbayd Allāh fled to the land of Abyssinia. They met with affliction from the Abyssinians. The Abyssinians fought them, and ʿUbayd Allāh was killed, while ʿAbd Allāh escaped with a number of those with him. He remained until the caliphate of al-Mahdī, when Naṣr b. Muḥammad b. al-Ashʿath, the governor of Palestine, captured him and sent him to al-Mahdī. When Marwān was killed, ʿĀmir headed for the church where Marwān’s women were. Marwān had appointed a servant to guard them and ordered him to kill them after him. ʿĀmir seized him and took Marwān’s women and daughters, and sent them to Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās. When they entered upon him, Marwān’s eldest daughter spoke and said, “O uncle of the Commander of the Faithful! May God preserve for you what you love to preserve. We are your daughters and the daughters of your brother and your cousin. Let your pardon encompass us as our injustice once encompassed you.” He said, “By God, I will not spare a single one of you! Did not your father kill my nephew Ibrāhīm the Imām? Did not Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik kill Zayd b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn and crucify him in al-Kūfah? Did not al-Walīd b. Yazīd kill Yaḥyā b. Zayd and crucify him in Khurāsān? Did not Ibn Ziyād, the bastard, kill Muslim b. ʿAqīl? Did not Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah kill al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī and his household? Did he not bring out the women of the Messenger of God ﷺ as captives and stand them in the place of captivity? Did he not carry the head of al-Ḥusayn and strike his brain? So what would make me spare you?” She said, “Let your pardon encompass us!” He said, “As for this, yes. And if you wish, I will marry you to my son al-Faḍl!” She said, “What honor is better than this! Rather, send us back to Ḥarrān.” So he sent them there. When they entered it and saw Marwān’s dwellings, they raised their voices in weeping. What was said about the one who killed Marwān b. Muḥammad: It is said that one day Bukayr b. Māhān was with his companions, before Marwān was killed, conversing. ʿĀmir b. Ismāʿīl passed by him, and Bukayr did not know him. He went to the Tigris, drew water from it, and returned. Bukayr called him and said, “What is your name, young man?” He said, “ʿĀmir b. Ismāʿīl b. al-Ḥārith.” He said, “Then you are of Banū Musliyah.” He said, “I am one of them.” He said, “By God, you will kill Marwān!” This statement was what strengthened ʿĀmir’s ambition to kill Marwān. When Marwān was killed, he was sixty-two years old, though it is said sixty-nine. His reign, from when he was given the oath of allegiance until he was killed, was five years, ten months, and sixteen days. His kunyah was Abū ʿAbd al-Malik. His mother was an umm walad, a Kurdish woman who had belonged to Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar. Muḥammad b. Marwān took her on the day Ibrāhīm was killed, and she gave birth to Marwān. For this reason ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAyyāsh al-Mantūf said to al-Saffāḥ, “Praise be to God who has replaced the donkey of al-Jazīrah and the son of the slave woman of al-Nakhaʿ with the cousin of the Messenger of God ﷺ, the son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.