Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2670
The Year 130 AH
ذِكْرُ وَقْعَةِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الْخَارِجِيِّ بِقُدَيْدٍ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ لِسَبْعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ صَفَرٍ كَانَتِ الْوَقْعَةُ بِقُدَيْدٍ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَبِي حَمْزَةَ الْخَارِجِيِّ. قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْوَاحِدِ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ ضَرَبَ الْبَعْثَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَخَرَجُوا، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا بِالْحَرَّةِ لَقِيَتْهُمْ جُزُرٌ مَنْحُورَةٌ فَتَقَدَّمُوا، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا بِالْعَقِيقِ تَعَلَّقَ لِوَاؤُهُمْ بِسَمُرَةٍ فَانْكَسَرَ الرُّمْحُ، فَتَشَاءَمَ النَّاسُ بِالْخُرُوجِ، وَأَتَاهُمْ رُسُلُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّنَا وَاللَّهِ مَا لَنَا بِقِتَالِكُمْ حَاجَةٌ، دَعُونَا نَمْضِ إِلَى عَدُوِّنَا. فَأَبَى أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَمْ يُجِيبُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَسَارُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا قُدَيْدًا، وَكَانُوا مُتْرَفِينَ لَيْسُوا بِأَصْحَابِ حَرْبٍ، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا إِلَّا وَقَدْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ مِنَ الْفُضَاضِ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ، وَكَانَتِ الْمَقْتَلَةُ بِقُرَيْشٍ، وَفِيهِمْ كَانَتِ الشَّوْكَةُ، فَأُصِيبَ مِنْهُمْ عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَقَدِمَ الْمُنْهَزِمُونَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَكَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ تُقِيمُ النَّوَائِحَ عَلَى حَمِيمِهَا وَمَعَهَا النِّسَاءُ، فَمَا تَبْرَحُ النِّسَاءُ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُنَّ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ رِجَالِهِنَّ، فَيَخْرُجْنَ امْرَأَةً امْرَأَةً، كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ تَذْهَبُ لِقَتْلِ رَجُلِهَا، فَلَا تَبْقَى عِنْدَهَا امْرَأَةٌ لِكَثْرَةِ مَنْ قُتِلَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ خُزَاعَةَ دَلَّتْ أَبَا حَمْزَةَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ قُدَيْدٍ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَ عِدَّةُ الْقَتْلَى سَبْعَمِائَةٍ. ذِكْرُ دُخُولِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ دَخَلَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ ثَالِثَ عَشَرَ صَفَرٍ، وَمَضَى عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ مِنْهَا إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ قَدْ أَعْذَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: مَا لَنَا بِقِتَالِكُمْ حَاجَةٌ، دَعُونَا نَمْضِ إِلَى عَدُوِّنَا. فَأَبَى أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَقِيَهُمْ فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَقِيَ الْمِنْبَرَ وَخَطَبَهُمْ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ! مَرَرْتُ زَمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، يَعْنِي هِشَامَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَقَدْ أَصَابَ ثِمَارَكُمْ عَاهَةٌ فَكَتَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ تَسْأَلُونَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَ عَنْكُمْ خَرَاجَكُمْ فَفَعَلَ، فَزَادَ الْغَنِيَّ غِنًى وَالْفَقِيرَ فَقْرًا، فَقُلْتُمْ لَهُ: جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا، فَلَا جَزَاكُمُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا وَلَا جَزَاهُ خَيْرًا ! وَاعْلَمُوا يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّا لَمْ نَخْرُجْ مِنْ دِيَارِنَا أَشَرًا وَلَا بَطَرًا وَلَا عَبَثًا وَلَا لِدَوْلَةِ مُلْكٍ نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَخُوضَ فِيهِ، وَلَا لِثَأْرٍ قَدِيمٍ نِيلَ مِنَّا، وَلَكِنَّا لَمَّا رَأَيْنَا مَصَابِيحَ الْحَقِّ قَدْ عُطِّلَتْ، وَعُنِّفَ الْقَائِلُ بِالْحَقِّ، وَقُتِلَ الْقَائِمُ بِالْقِسْطِ، ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ، وَسَمِعْنَا دَاعِيًا يَدْعُو إِلَى طَاعَةِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَحُكْمِ الْقُرْآنِ، فَأَجَبْنَا دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ لَا يُجِبْ دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُعْجِزٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَأَقْبَلْنَا مِنْ قَبَائِلَ شَتَّى، وَنَحْنُ قَلِيلُونَ مُسْتَضْعَفُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَآوَانَا وَأَيَّدَنَا بِنَصْرِهِ فَأَصْبَحْنَا بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا، ثُمَّ لَقِينَا رِجَالَكُمْ [ بِقُدَيْدٍ ] فَدَعَوْنَاهُمْ إِلَى طَاعَةِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَحُكْمِ الْقُرْآنِ، فَدَعَوْنَا إِلَى طَاعَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَحُكْمِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ، فَشَتَّانَ لَعَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَا بَيْنَ الْغَيِّ وَالرُّشْدِ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلُوا يُهْرَعُونَ وَقَدْ ضَرَبَ الشَّيْطَانُ فِيهِمْ بِجِرَانِهِ وَغَلَتْ بِدِمَائِهِمْ مَرَاجِلُهُ وَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ ظَنَّهَ، وَأَقْبَلَ أَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - عَصَائِبَ وَكَتَائِبَ بِكُلِّ مُهَنَّدٍ ذِي رَوْنَقٍ، فَدَارَتْ رَحَانَا وَاسْتَدَارَتْ رَحَاهُمْ بِضَرْبٍ يَرْتَابُ بِهِ الْمُبْطِلُونَ، وَأَنْتُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا مَرْوَانَ وَآلَ مَرْوَانَ يُسْحِتْكُمُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ أَوْ بِأَيْدِينَا وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ. يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَوَّلُكُمْ خَيْرُ أَوَّلٍ، وَآخِرُكُمْ شَرُّ آخِرٍ ! يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَخْبِرُونِي عَنْ ثَمَانِيَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - فِي كِتَابِهِ عَلَى الْقَوِيِّ وَالضَّعِيفِ، فَجَاءَ تَاسِعٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا سَهْمٌ فَأَخَذَهَا لِنَفْسِهِ مُكَابِرًا مُحَارِبًا رَبَّهُ. يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكُمْ تَنْتَقِصُونَ أَصْحَابِي ! قُلْتُمْ شَبَابٌ أَحْدَاثٌ وَأَعْرَابٌ حُفَاةٌ ! وَيْحَكُمْ ! وَهَلْ كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا شَبَابًا أَحْدَاثًا وَأَعْرَابًا حُفَاةً ؟ [ هُمْ ] وَاللَّهِ مُكْتَهِلُونَ فِي شَبَابِهِمْ، غَضِيضَةٌ عَنِ الشَّرِّ أَعْيُنُهُمْ، ثَقِيلَةٌ عَنِ الْبَاطِلِ أَقْدَامُهُمْ. وَأَحْسَنَ السِّيرَةَ مَعَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَاسْتَمَالَ حَتَّى سَمِعُوهُ يَقُولُ: مَنْ زَنَى فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ، وَمَنْ سَرَقَ فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ، وَمَنْ شَكَّ فِي كُفْرِهِمَا فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ. وَأَقَامَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. ذِكْرُ قَتْلِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الْخَارِجِيِّ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا حَمْزَةَ وَدَّعَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِنَّا خَارِجُونَ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَإِنْ نَظْفَرْ نَعْدِلْ فِي إِخْوَانِكُمْ وَنَحْمِلْكُمْ عَلَى سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكُمْ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مَا تَتَمَنَّوْنَ، وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ يَنْقَلِبُونَ. ثُمَّ سَارَ نَحْوَ الشَّامِ، وَكَانَ مَرْوَانُ قَدِ انْتَخَبَ مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ السَّعْدِيَّ، سَعْدُ هَوَازِنَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُجِدَّ السَّيْرَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ الْخَوَارِجَ، فَإِنْ هُوَ ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ يَسِيرُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْيَمَنَ وَيُقَاتِلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ يَحْيَى طَالِبَ الْحَقِّ. فَسَارَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ فَالْتَقَى أَبَا حَمْزَةَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى، فَقَالَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: لَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى تَخْتَبِرُوهُمْ. فَصَاحُوا بِهِمْ: مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَالْعَمَلِ بِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ: نَضَعُهُ فِي جَوْفِ الْجَوَالِقِ. فَقَالَ: فَمَا تَقُولُونَ فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ: نَأْكُلُ مَالَهُ وَنَفْجُرُ بِأُمِّهِ، فِي أَشْيَاءَ سَأَلُوهُ عَنْهَا. فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا كَلَامَهُ قَاتَلُوهُ حَتَّى أَمْسَوْا وَصَاحُوا: وَيْحَكَ يَابْنَ عَطِيَّةَ ! إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَنًا فَاسْكُنْ. فَأَبَى وَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُمْ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، مَنْ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ، وَأَتَوُا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَقِيَهُمْ فَقَتَلَهُمْ، وَسَارَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَأَقَامَ شَهْرًا. وَفِيمَنْ قُتِلَ مَعَ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الْقَارِئُ الْمَدَنِيُّ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِيَشْبِكَسْتَ النَّحْوِيِّ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، يَكْتُمُ مَذْهَبَ الْخَوَارِجِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْخَوَارِجُ قُتِلَ مَعَهُمْ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the battle of Abū Ḥamzah the Khārijite at Qudayd In this year, when seven nights remained of Ṣafar, the battle took place at Qudayd between the people of Madinah and Abū Ḥamzah the Khārijite. We have already mentioned that ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Sulaymān imposed a military expedition on the people of Madinah and appointed over them ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd Allāh. They set out, and when they were at al-Ḥarrah, slaughtered camels met them, so they advanced. When they were at al-ʿAqīq, their banner caught on a acacia tree and the spear broke, so the people took this as a bad omen for the expedition. Abū Ḥamzah's messengers came to them saying: "By God, we have no need to fight you. Let us proceed against our enemy." But the people of Madinah refused and did not consent to that. They marched until they encamped at Qudayd. They were pampered people, not warriors, and before they realized it, Abū Ḥamzah's companions came out upon them from al-Fuḍāḍ and killed them. The slaughter fell upon Quraysh, among whom was the main strength, and a great number of them were killed. The defeated fled back to Madinah, and a woman would set up wailing women for her kinsman, with other women around her, but the women would not remain until news came to them of their men, so they went out one by one, each woman going off to mourn the killing of her man, until no woman remained with them because of the great number of those killed. It was said that Khuzāʿah guided Abū Ḥamzah to the people of Qudayd, and it was said that the number of those killed was seven hundred. Mention of Abū Ḥamzah's entry into Madinah In this year Abū Ḥamzah entered Madinah on the thirteenth of Ṣafar, and ʿAbd al-Wāḥid departed from it to Syria. Abū Ḥamzah had already given them a warning and said to them: "We have no need to fight you. Let us proceed against our enemy." But the people of Madinah refused, so he met them and killed a great many of them. Then he entered Madinah, mounted the pulpit, and addressed them, saying: "O people of Madinah! I passed by in the time of the cross-eyed one — meaning Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik — when a blight had struck your fruits, and you wrote to him asking him to remit your land tax, and he did so. Thus the rich increased in wealth and the poor in poverty, and you said to him: 'May God reward you well.' May God not reward you well, nor reward him well! Know, O people of Madinah, that we did not come out from our homes out of insolence, or wantonness, or folly, or for a kingdom that we desire to enter, or for an old vengeance taken from us. Rather, when we saw the lamps of truth extinguished, the speaker of truth rebuked, and the upholder of justice killed, the earth, vast as it is, became straitened for us. We heard a caller calling to obedience to the Merciful and to the judgment of the Qur'an, so we answered God's caller. Whoever does not answer God's caller cannot escape in the earth. We came from scattered tribes, and we were few and oppressed in the land, but He sheltered us and supported us with His help, and by His grace we became brothers. Then we met your men at Qudayd and called them to obedience to the Merciful and the judgment of the Qur'an, but they called us to obedience to Satan and the judgment of the Marwānids. By God's life, how far apart are error and right guidance! Then they came rushing on, while Satan had cast his weight upon them and his cauldrons boiled with their blood, and he confirmed his thought of them. God's helpers — mighty and glorious is He — advanced in bands and squadrons with every polished Indian sword, and our mill turned and their mill turned with a striking that causes the followers of falsehood to doubt. And you, O people of Madinah, if you support Marwān and the family of Marwān, may God destroy you with a punishment from Him or by our hands, and heal the breasts of a believing people. O people of Madinah, your first ones were the best of first ones, and your last ones are the worst of last ones! O people of Madinah, tell me about eight shares that God — mighty and glorious is He — ordained in His Book for the strong and the weak. Then a ninth came who has no share in them and took them for himself, arrogantly, warring against his Lord. O people of Madinah, it has reached me that you disparage my companions! You said: 'Young boys, barefoot Arabs!' Woe to you! Were the companions of God's Messenger ﷺ anything but young boys and barefoot Arabs? By God, they were mature in their youth, their eyes lowered from evil, their feet heavy against falsehood." He treated the people of Madinah well and sought to win their hearts, until they heard him say: "Whoever commits fornication is an unbeliever, and whoever steals is an unbeliever, and whoever doubts their unbelief is an unbeliever." Abū Ḥamzah stayed in Madinah for three months. Mention of the killing of Abū Ḥamzah the Khārijite Then Abū Ḥamzah bade farewell to the people of Madinah and said to them: "O people of Madinah, we are going out against Marwān. If we prevail, we will act justly toward your brothers and carry you upon the Sunnah of your Prophet. If what you wish happens, then those who have done wrong will come to know what a reversal they will face." Then he marched toward Syria. Marwān had selected from his army four thousand horsemen and placed over them ʿAbd al-Malik b. Muḥammad b. ʿAṭiyyah al-Saʿdī, of Saʿd Hawāzin, and ordered him to hasten the march and to fight the Khārijites. If he overcame them, he was to march on until he reached Yemen and fight ʿAbd Allāh b. Yaḥyā, the seeker of truth. Ibn ʿAṭiyyah marched and met Abū Ḥamzah at Wādī al-Qurā. Abū Ḥamzah said to his companions: "Do not fight them until you test them." So they shouted at them: "What do you say about the Qur'an and acting upon it?" Ibn ʿAṭiyyah said: "We put it inside the saddlebag." He said: "What do you say about the property of the orphan?" Ibn ʿAṭiyyah said: "We eat his property and commit fornication with his mother," and other things they asked him about. When they heard his words, they fought him until evening, then they shouted: "Woe to you, O Ibn ʿAṭiyyah! God has made the night a time of rest, so rest." But he refused and fought them until he killed them. Abū Ḥamzah's companions who were not killed fled and came to Madinah, and he met them and killed them. Ibn ʿAṭiyyah then marched to Madinah and stayed there for a month. Among those killed with Abū Ḥamzah was ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz the Madinan reciter, known as Yashbikasta the grammarian. He was from the people of Madinah and used to conceal the doctrine of the Khārijites. When Abū Ḥamzah entered Madinah, he joined him, and when the Khārijites were killed, he was killed with them.
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