Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2655
Then the Year 131 AH Began
ذِكْرُ دُخُولِ قَحْطَبَةَ الرَّيَّ وَلَمَّا مَاتَ نَصْرُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ بَعَثَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ قَحْطَبَةَ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنَ خَازِمٍ إِلَى سَمْنَانَ، وَأَقْبَلَ قَحْطَبَةُ مِنْ جُرْجَانَ، وَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَهُ زِيَادَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيَّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ نَدِمَ عَلَى اتِّبَاعِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، فَانْخَذَلَ عَنْ قَحْطَبَةَ فَأَخَذَ طَرِيقَ أَصْبَهَانَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ عَامِرَ بْنَ ضُبَارَةَ، فَوَجَّهَ قَحْطَبَةُ الْمُسَيَّبَ بْنَ زُهَيْرٍ الضَّبِّيَّ، فَلَحِقَهُ مِنْ غَدٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَقَاتَلَهُ، فَانْهَزَمَ زِيَادٌ وَقُتِلَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ مَعَهُ، وَرَجَعَ الْمُسَيَّبُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ إِلَى قَحْطَبَةَ. ثُمَّ سَارَ قَحْطَبَةُ إِلَى قُومِسَ، وَبِهَا ابْنُهُ الْحَسَنُ، وَقَدِمَ خُزَيْمَةُ بْنُ خَازِمٍ سَمْنَانَ، فَقَدَّمَ قَحْطَبَةُ ابْنَهُ الْحَسَنَ إِلَى الرَّيِّ. وَبَلَغَ حَبِيبَ بْنَ بُدَيْلٍ النَّهْشَلِيَّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مَسِيرُ الْحَسَنِ، فَخَرَجُوا عَنِ الرَّيِّ، وَدَخَلَ الْحَسَنُ فِي صَفَرٍ فَأَقَامَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ أَبُوهُ، وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَحْطَبَةُ الرَّيَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ يُعْلِمُهُ بِذَلِكَ. وَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ أَمْرُ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ بِالرَّيِّ هَرَبَ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِهَا لِمَيْلِهِمْ إِلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا سُفْيَانِيَّةً، فَأَمَرَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ بِأَخْذِ أَمْلَاكِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَلَمَّا عَادُوا مِنَ الْحَجِّ أَقَامُوا بِالْكُوفَةِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ كَتَبُوا إِلَى السَّفَّاحِ يَتَظَلَّمُونَ مِنْ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، فَأَمَرَ بِرَدِّ أَمْلَاكِهِمْ فَأَعَادَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْجَوَابَ يُعَرِّفُ حَالَهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ أَشَدُّ الْأَعْدَاءِ، فَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ قَوْلَهُ وَعَزَمَ عَلَى أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ بِرَدِّ أَمْلَاكِهِمْ، فَفَعَلَ. وَلَمَّا دَخَلَ قَحْطَبَةُ الرَّيَّ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا أَخَذَ أَمْرَهُ بِالْحَزْمِ وَالِاحْتِيَاطِ وَالْحِفْظِ وَضَبْطِ الطُّرُقِ، وَكَانَ لَا يَسْلُكُهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا بِجَوَازٍ مِنْهُ، فَأَقَامَ بِالرَّيِّ وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بِدَسْتَبَى قَوْمًا مِنَ الْخَوَارِجِ وَصَعَالِيكَ تَجَمَّعُوا بِهَا، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبَا عَوْنٍ فِي عَسْكَرٍ كَثِيفٍ، فَنَازَلَهُمْ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ وَإِلَى الرِّضَاءِ مِنْ آلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوهُ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا حَتَّى ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، فَتَحَصَّنَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى آمَنَهُمْ أَبُو عَوْنٍ، فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَأَقَامَ مَعَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ وَتَفَرَّقَ بَعْضُهُمْ. وَكَتَبَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ إِلَى أَصْبَهْبَذْ طَبَرِسْتَانَ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى الطَّاعَةِ وَأَدَاءِ الْخَرَاجِ، فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْمَصْمَغَانِ صَاحِبِ دُنْبَاوَنْدَ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَابَهُ: إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ خَارِجِيٌّ وَإِنَّ أَمْرَكَ سَيَنْقَضِي. فَغَضِبَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُوسَى بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَهُوَ بِالرَّيِّ، يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَيْهِ وَقِتَالِهِ إِلَى أَنْ يُذْعِنَ بِالطَّاعَةِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ وَرَاسَلَهُ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ وَأَدَاءِ الْخَرَاجِ، فَأَقَامَ مُوسَى وَلَمْ يَتَمَكَّنْ مِنَ الْمَصْمَغَانِ لِضِيقِ بِلَادِهِ، وَكَانَ الْمَصْمَغَانُ يُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عِدَّةً كَثِيرَةً مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ يُقَاتِلُهُ فِي عَسْكَرِهِ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ الطُّرُقَ، وَمَنَعَ الْمِيرَةَ، وَكَثُرَتْ فِي أَصْحَابِ مُوسَى الْجِرَاحُ وَالْقَتْلُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَبْلُغُ غَرَضًا عَادَ إِلَى الرَّيِّ، وَلَمْ يَزَلِ الْمَصْمَغَانُ مُمْتَنِعًا إِلَى أَيَّامِ الْمَنْصُورِ، فَأَغْزَاهُ جَيْشًا كَثِيفًا عَلَيْهِمْ حَمَّادُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، فَفَتَحَ دُنْبَاوَنْدَ عَلَى يَدِهِ. وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ كِتَابُ قَحْطَبَةَ عَلَى أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ بِنُزُولِهِ الرَّيَّ ارْتَحَلَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، فِيمَا ذُكِرَ، عَنْ مَرْوَ فَنَزَلَ نَيْسَابُورَ. وَأَمَّا قَحْطَبَةُ فَإِنَّهُ سَيَّرَ ابْنَهُ الْحَسَنَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِهِ الرَّيَّ بِثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ إِلَى هَمَذَانَ، فَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهَا سَارَ عَنْهَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَدْهَمَ وَمَنْ كَانَ بِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ إِلَى نَهَاوَنْدَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا، وَفَارَقَهُ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَدَخَلَ الْحَسَنُ هَمَذَانَ وَسَارَ مِنْهَا إِلَى نَهَاوَنْدَ فَنَزَلَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ فَرَاسِخَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَمَدَّهُ قَحْطَبَةُ بِأَبِي الْجَهْمِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ مَوْلَى بَاهِلَةَ فِي سَبْعِمِائَةٍ، وَأَطَالَ حَتَّى أَطَافَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَحَصَرَهُمْ.
Translation
✧ Mention of Qaḥṭabah's entry into al-Rayy When Naṣr b. Sayyār died, al-Ḥasan b. Qaḥṭabah sent Khuzaymah b. Khāzim to Simnān, and Qaḥṭabah advanced from Jurjān, placing before him Ziyād b. Zurārah al-Qushayrī. He had regretted following Abū Muslim, so he slipped away from Qaḥṭabah and took the road to Iṣbahān, intending to go to ʿĀmir b. Ḍubārah. Qaḥṭabah dispatched al-Musayyab b. Zuhayr al-Ḍabbī, who overtook him the next day after the afternoon prayer and fought him. Ziyād was defeated and most of those with him were killed, and al-Musayyab b. Zuhayr returned to Qaḥṭabah. Then Qaḥṭabah marched to Qūmis, where his son al-Ḥasan was, and Khuzaymah b. Khāzim had reached Simnān. Qaḥṭabah sent his son al-Ḥasan ahead to al-Rayy. Ḥabīb b. Budayl al-Nahshalī and those with him from the people of Syria learned of al-Ḥasan's march, so they left al-Rayy, and al-Ḥasan entered it in Ṣafar. He stayed until his father arrived. When Qaḥṭabah reached al-Rayy, he wrote to Abū Muslim informing him of that. When the authority of the Banū al-ʿAbbās was established in al-Rayy, most of its inhabitants fled because of their inclination toward the Banū Umayyah, for they were Sufyānīs. Abū Muslim ordered the seizure of their properties and wealth. When they returned from the pilgrimage, they stayed in al-Kūfah in the year one hundred and thirty-two, then wrote to al-Saffāḥ complaining about Abū Muslim. He ordered the return of their properties, so Abū Muslim sent back the reply explaining their condition and that they were the fiercest enemies, but he would not heed his words and resolved firmly upon Abū Muslim to return their properties, and he did so. When Qaḥṭabah entered al-Rayy and stayed there, he conducted his affairs with firmness, precaution, vigilance, and control of the roads. No one traveled them except with a pass from him. He remained in al-Rayy and learned that at Dastabā there were a group of Kharijites and brigands gathered there. He sent Abū ʿAwn against them with a dense army. He encamped before them and summoned them to the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger and to satisfaction from the family of the Messenger of God ﷺ, but they did not answer him. He fought them fiercely until he prevailed over them. A number of them took refuge until Abū ʿAwn granted them safe-conduct, so they came out to him. Some of them stayed with him and some dispersed. Abū Muslim wrote to the Iṣbahbadh of Ṭabaristān summoning him to obedience and payment of the kharāj, and he answered him to that. He wrote similarly to the Maṣmaghān, lord of Dunbāwand, and he answered him: "You are only a Kharijite, and your affair will soon come to an end." Abū Muslim became angry and wrote to Mūsā b. Kaʿb, who was at al-Rayy, ordering him to march against him and fight him until he submitted to obedience. He marched to him and corresponded with him, but he refused obedience and payment of the kharāj. Mūsā stayed and could not get at the Maṣmaghān because of the narrowness of his territory. The Maṣmaghān used to send against him every day a large number of Daylamites to fight him in his camp, and he seized the roads against him, prevented supplies, and wounds and deaths increased among Mūsā's companions. When he saw that he would not achieve his aim, he returned to al-Rayy. The Maṣmaghān remained recalcitrant until the days of al-Manṣūr, who sent against him a dense army under Ḥammād b. ʿAmr, and Dunbāwand was conquered at his hand. When Qaḥṭabah's letter reached Abū Muslim about his encampment at al-Rayy, Abū Muslim, as has been mentioned, departed from Marw and encamped at Naysābūr. As for Qaḥṭabah, three nights after his encampment at al-Rayy he sent his son al-Ḥasan to Hamadhān. When he headed toward it, Mālik b. Adham and those with him from the people of Syria and the people of Khurāsān left it for Nahāwand and stayed there. Many people parted from him, and al-Ḥasan entered Hamadhān and marched from there to Nahāwand, encamping four parasangs from the city. Qaḥṭabah reinforced him with Abū al-Jahm b. ʿAṭiyyah, a mawlā of Bāhilah, with seven hundred men, and he prolonged matters until he encircled the city and besieged them.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.