Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2639
Then the Year 128 AH Began
ذِكْرُ قَتْلِ الضَّحَّاكِ الْخَارِجِيِّ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا مُحَاصَرَةَ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْخَارِجِيِّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بِوَاسِطَ، فَلَمَّا طَالَ عَلَيْهِ الْحِصَارُ أُشِيرَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَأَرْسَلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّ مُقَامَكُمْ عَلَيَّ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، هَذَا مَرْوَانُ فَسِرْ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلْتَهُ فَأَنَا مَعَكَ. فَصَالَحَهُ وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ وَصَلَّى خَلْفَهُ، فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَأَقَامَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ بِوَاسِطَ، وَكَاتَبَ أَهْلُ الْمَوْصِلِ الضَّحَّاكَ لِيَقْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيُمَكِّنُوهُ مِنْهَا، فَسَارَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ جُنُودِهِ بَعْدَ عِشْرِينَ شَهْرًا حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْهَا، وَعَلَيْهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ لِمَرْوَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي شَيْبَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْقَطِرَانُ بْنُ أَكْمَهَ، فَفَتَحَ أَهْلُ الْمَوْصِلِ الْبَلَدَ، فَدَخَلَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ وَقَاتَلَهُمُ الْقَطِرَانُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَهُمْ عِدَّةٌ يَسِيرَةٌ حَتَّى قُتِلُوا، وَاسْتَوْلَى الضَّحَّاكُ عَلَى الْمَوْصِلِ وَكُوَرِهَا. وَبَلَغَ مَرْوَانَ خَبَرُهُ وَهُوَ مُحَاصِرٌ حِمْصَ مُشْتَغِلٌ بِقِتَالِ أَهْلِهَا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ خَلِيفَتُهُ بِالْجَزِيرَةِ، يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَى نَصِيبِينَ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ يَمْنَعُ الضَّحَّاكَ عَنْ تَوَسُّطِ الْجَزِيرَةِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا فِي سَبْعَةِ آلَافٍ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةِ آلَافٍ، وَسَارَ الضَّحَّاكُ إِلَى نَصِيبِينَ فَحَصَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ فِيهَا، وَكَانَ مَعَ الضَّحَّاكِ مَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَوَجَّهَ قَائِدَيْنِ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ إِلَى الرَّقَّةِ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ أَوْ خَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ، فَقَاتَلَهُ مَنْ بِهَا، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ مَرْوَانُ مَنْ رَحَّلَهُمْ عَنْهَا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ مَرْوَانَ سَارَ إِلَى الضَّحَّاكِ فَالْتَقَوْا بِنَوَاحِي كَفَرْتُوثَا مِنْ أَعْمَالِ مَارْدِينَ فَقَاتَلَهُ يَوْمَهُ أَجْمَعَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْمَسَاءِ تَرَجَّلَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمَعَهُ مِنْ ذَوِي الثَّبَاتِ وَأَرْبَابِ الْبَصَائِرِ نَحْوٌ مِنْ سِتَّةِ آلَافٍ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ عَسْكَرِهِ بِمَا كَانَ، فَأَحْدَقَتْ بِهِمْ خُيُولُ مَرْوَانَ وَأَلَحُّوا عَلَيْهِمِ فِي الْقِتَالِ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْعَتَمَةِ، وَانْصَرَفَ مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الضَّحَّاكِ عِنْدَ الْعَتَمَةِ إِلَى عَسْكَرِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِقَتْلِ الضَّحَّاكِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ مَرْوَانُ أَيْضًا. وَجَاءَ بَعْضُ مَنْ عَايَنَهُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ، فَبَكَوْا وَنَاحُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَخَرَجَ قَائِدٌ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ مَعَهُ النِّيرَانَ وَالشَّمْعَ فَطَافُوا عَلَيْهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ قَتِيلًا وَفِي وَجْهِهِ وَفِي رَأْسِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ ضَرْبَةً، فَكَبَّرُوا، فَعَرَفَ عَسْكَرُ الضَّحَّاكِ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ عَلِمُوا بِقَتْلِهِ، وَبَعَثَ مَرْوَانُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى مَدَائِنِ الْجَزِيرَةِ فَطِيفَ بِهِ فِيهَا. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ الضَّحَّاكَ وَالْخَيْبَرِيَّ إِنَّمَا قُتِلَا سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ. ذِكْرُ قَتْلِ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ وَوِلَايَةِ شَيْبَانَ وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الضَّحَّاكُ أَصْبَحَ أَهْلُ عَسْكَرِهِ فَبَايَعُوا الْخَيْبَرِيَّ، وَأَقَامُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ وَغَادَوْهُ الْقِتَالَ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَدِ، وَصَافُّوهُ وَصَافَّهُمْ، وَكَانَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مَعَ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ، وَكَانَ قَبْلَهُ مَعَ الضَّحَّاكِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا سَبَبَ قُدُومِهِ. وَقِيلَ: بَلْ قَدِمَ عَلَى الضَّحَّاكِ وَهُوَ بِنَصِيبِينَ فِي أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَمَوَالِيهِ، فَتَزَوَّجَ أُخْتَ شَيْبَانَ الْحَرُورِيِّ الَّذِي بُويِعَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ، فَحَمَلَ الْخَيْبَرِيُّ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ فِي نَحْوٍ مِنْ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ مِنَ الشُّرَاةِ، فَهَزَمَ مَرْوَانَ، وَهُوَ فِي الْقَلْبِ، وَخَرَجَ مَرْوَانُ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ مُنْهَزِمًا، وَدَخَلَ الْخَيْبَرِيُّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ عَسْكَرَهُ يُنَادُونَ بِشِعَارِهِمْ وَيَقْتُلُونَ مَنْ أَدْرَكُوا حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى خَيْمَةِ مَرْوَانَ نَفْسِهِ فَقَطَعُوا أَطْنَابَهَا، وَجَلَسَ الْخَيْبَرِيُّ عَلَى فَرْشِهِ. وَمَيْمَنَةُ مَرْوَانَ وَعَلَيْهَا ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ثَابِتَةٌ، وَمَيْسَرَتُهُ ثَابِتَةٌ، وَعَلَيْهَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْعَقِيلِيُّ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلُ الْعَسْكَرِ قِلَّةَ مَنْ مَعَ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ ثَارَ إِلَيْهِ عَبِيدُهُمْ بِعُمُدِ الْخِيَمِ فَقَتَلُوا الْخَيْبَرِيَّ وَأَصْحَابَهُ جَمِيعًا فِي خَيْمَةِ مَرْوَانَ وَحَوْلَهَا. وَبَلَغَ مَرْوَانَ الْخَبَرُ وَقَدْ جَازَ الْعَسْكَرُ بِخَمْسَةِ أَمْيَالٍ أَوْ سِتَّةٍ مُنْهَزِمًا، فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى عَسْكَرِهِ وَرَدَّ خُيُولَهُ عَنْ مَوَاقِعِهَا وَبَاتَ لَيْلَتَهُ فِي عَسْكَرِهِ، وَانْصَرَفَ أَهْلُ عَسْكَرِ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ فَوَلَّوْا عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْبَانَ وَبَايَعُوهُ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ مَرْوَانُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِالْكَرَادِيسِ، وَأَبْطَلَ الصَّفَّ مُنْذُ يَوْمِئِذٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the killing of al-Ḍaḥḥāk the Khārijite We have already mentioned the siege of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz by al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Qays the Khārijite at Wāsiṭ. When the siege became prolonged for him, it was suggested to him that he divert him from himself to Marwān. So Ibn ʿUmar sent to him: "Your staying against me is of no consequence. Here is Marwān, so march against him, and if you fight him, I am with you." So he made peace with him and came out to him and prayed behind him, then departed to al-Kūfah, and Ibn ʿUmar remained at Wāsiṭ. The people of al-Mawṣil wrote to al-Ḍaḥḥāk to come to them so that they might enable him to take it. He marched with a group of his soldiers after twenty months until he reached it. Over it at that time for Marwān was a man of Banū Shaybān called al-Qaṭirān b. Akmah. The people of al-Mawṣil opened the town, and al-Ḍaḥḥāk entered it. Al-Qaṭirān and those with him of his family fought them, and they were a small number, until they were killed, and al-Ḍaḥḥāk took possession of al-Mawṣil and its districts. News of him reached Marwān while he was besieging Ḥimṣ, occupied with fighting its people. He wrote to his son ʿAbd Allāh, who was his deputy in al-Jazīrah, commanding him to march to Naṣībīn with those with him to prevent al-Ḍaḥḥāk from penetrating the middle of al-Jazīrah. So he marched to it with seven thousand or eight thousand, and al-Ḍaḥḥāk marched to Naṣībīn and besieged ʿAbd Allāh in it. With al-Ḍaḥḥāk were more than a hundred thousand. He sent two of his commanders to al-Raqqah with four thousand or five thousand, and those in it fought them, so Marwān sent against them those who drove them away from it. Then Marwān marched against al-Ḍaḥḥāk, and they met in the districts of Kafartūthā of the dependencies of Mārdīn. He fought him the whole day. When it was evening, al-Ḍaḥḥāk dismounted, and with him of the steadfast ones and possessors of insight were about six thousand. Most of his army did not know what was happening. Marwān's cavalry surrounded them and pressed them in fighting until they killed them at nightfall. The rest of al-Ḍaḥḥāk's companions withdrew at nightfall to their camp, not knowing of al-Ḍaḥḥāk's killing, and Marwān also did not know of it. One of those who witnessed it came to his companions and told them, so they wept and lamented over him. One of his commanders went out to Marwān and informed him. He sent with him fires and candles, and they went around looking for him and found him dead, with more than twenty blows on his face and head. They said "Allāhu akbar," and al-Ḍaḥḥāk's army knew that they had learned of his killing. Marwān sent his head to the cities of al-Jazīrah, and it was paraded in them. It is said: Al-Ḍaḥḥāk and al-Khaybarī were killed only in the year twenty-nine. Mention of the killing of al-Khaybarī and the accession of Shaybān When al-Ḍaḥḥāk was killed, his army's people arose and swore allegiance to al-Khaybarī. They stayed that day and returned to fighting him the day after the next, and they lined up against him and he lined up against them. Sulaymān b. Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik was with al-Khaybarī, and before him he was with al-Ḍaḥḥāk. We have already mentioned the reason for his coming. It is said: Rather, he came to al-Ḍaḥḥāk while he was at Naṣībīn with more than three thousand of his household and clients. He married the sister of Shaybān al-Ḥarūrī, who was given allegiance after the killing of al-Khaybarī. Al-Khaybarī charged Marwān with about four hundred horsemen of the Shurāh, and he routed Marwān, who was in the center. Marwān left the camp in flight, and al-Khaybarī and those with him entered his camp, calling out their slogan and killing whomever they overtook until they reached Marwān's own tent. They cut its ropes, and al-Khaybarī sat on his bed. Marwān's right wing, commanded by his son ʿAbd Allāh, held firm, and his left wing held firm, commanded by Isḥāq b. Muslim al-ʿAqīlī. When the people of the camp saw how few were with al-Khaybarī, their servants attacked him with tent poles and killed al-Khaybarī and all his companions in Marwān's tent and around it. The news reached Marwān after he had passed five or six miles beyond the camp in flight. He returned to his camp and brought back his cavalry from their positions and spent that night in his camp. The people of al-Khaybarī's camp departed and appointed Shaybān over them and swore allegiance to him. Marwān then fought them with squadrons, and he abolished the battle line from that day onward.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.