Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2626
Then the Year 127 AH Began
ذِكْرُ ظُهُورِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرَ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ظَهَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِالْكُوفَةِ وَدَعَا إِلَى نَفْسِهِ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَأَجَازَهُ، وَأَجْرَى عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى إِخْوَتِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَكَانُوا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى هَلَكَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، وَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ أَخَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ وَبَعْدَهُ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ خَبَرُ بَيْعَتِهِمَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بِالْكُوفَةِ بَايَعَ النَّاسُ، وَزَادَ فِي الْعَطَاءِ، وَكَتَبَ بِبَيْعَتِهِمَا إِلَى الْآفَاقِ، فَجَاءَتْهُ الْبَيْعَةُ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَهُ امْتِنَاعُ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنَ الْبَيْعَةِ وَمَسِيرُهُ إِلَيْهِمَا إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَحَبَسَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ عِنْدَهُ وَزَادَهُ فِيمَا كَانَ يُجْرِي عَلَيْهِ وَأَعَدَّهُ لِمَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِنْ هُوَ ظَفِرَ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ لَيُبَايِعُ لَهُ وَيُقَاتِلُ بِهِ مَرْوَانَ، فَمَاجَ النَّاسُ. وَوَرَدَ مَرْوَانُ الشَّامَ وَظَفِرَ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَانْهَزَمَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيُّ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ مُسْرِعًا، وَافْتَعَلَ كِتَابًا عَلَى لِسَانِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِإِمْرَةِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَجَمَعَ الْيَمَانِيَّةَ وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَابُوهُ، وَامْتَنَعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَلَيْهِ وَقَاتَلَهُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْأَمْرَ كَذَلِكَ خَافَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ أَمْرُهُ فَيَفْتَضِحَ وَيُقْتَلَ فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ سَفْكَ الدِّمَاءِ فَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ، فَكَفُّوا. وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَهَرَبُهُ، وَوَقَعَتِ الْعَصَبِيَّةُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُهَا أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ أَعْطَى مُضَرَ وَرَبِيعَةَ عَطَايَا كَثِيرَةً، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ نَافِعِ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ شَوْرٍ الذُّهْلِيَّ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنَ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ مِنْ تَيْمِ اللَّاتِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ شَيْئًا، وَهُمَا مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ، فَكَانَا مُغْضَبَيْنِ، وَغَضِبَ لَهُمَا ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ حَوْشَبِ بْنِ رُوَيْمٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَخَرَجُوا مِنْ عِنْدِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ بِالْحِيرَةِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَنَادَوْا: يَا آلَ رَبِيعَةَ ! فَاجْتَمَعَتْ رَبِيعَةُ وَتَنَمَّرُوا. وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَأَرْسَلَ أَخَاهُ عَاصِمًا، فَأَتَاهُمْ وَهُمْ بِدَيْرِ هِنْدٍ، فَأَلْقَى نَفْسَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ يَدِي لَكُمْ فَاحْكُمُوا. فَاسْتَحْيَوْا وَرَجَعُوا وَعَظَّمُوا عَاصِمًا وَشَكَرُوهُ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْمَسَاءُ أَرْسَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْغَضْبَانِ بْنِ الْقَبْعَثْرِيِّ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَقَسَّمَهَا فِي قَوْمِهِ بَنِي هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ ذُهْلٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، وَإِلَى ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ قَسَّمَهَا فِي قَوْمِهِ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ بِمَالٍ، وَإِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ بِمَالٍ. فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الشِّيعَةُ ضَعْفَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ طَمِعُوا فِيهِ وَدَعَوْا إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَاجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَثَارُوا، وَأَتَوْا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَخْرَجُوهُ مِنْ دَارِهِ وَأَدْخَلُوهُ الْقَصْرَ، وَمَنَعُوا عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْقَصْرِ، فَلَحِقَ بِأَخِيهِ بِالْحِيرَةِ، وَجَاءَ ابْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْكُوفِيُّونَ فَبَايَعُوهُ، فِيهِمْ: عُمَرُ بْنُ الْغَضْبَانِ، وَمَنْصُورُ بْنُ جُمْهُورٍ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيُّ أَخُو خَالِدٍ، وَأَقَامَ أَيَّامًا يُبَايِعُهُ النَّاسُ، وَأَتَتْهُ الْبَيْعَةُ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ وَفَمِ النِّيلِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بِالْحِيرَةِ، فَقِيلَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: قَدْ أَقْبَلَ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي الْخَلْقِ، فَأَطْرَقَ مَلِيًّا، وَأَتَاهُ رَئِيسُ خَبَّازِيهِ فَأَعْلَمَهُ بِإِدْرَاكِ الطَّعَامِ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِإِحْضَارِهِ، فَأَحْضَرَهُ، فَأَكَلَ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِثٍ، وَالنَّاسُ يَتَوَقَّعُونَ أَنْ يَهْجُمَ عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَفَرَغَ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ وَأَخْرَجَ الْمَالَ فَفَرَّقَهُ فِي قُوَّادِهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا مَوْلًى لَهُ كَانَ يَتَبَرَّكُ بِهِ وَيَتَفَاءَلُ بِاسْمِهِ، كَانَ اسْمُهُ: إِمَّا مَيْمُونًا، وَإِمَّا رَبَاحًا، أَوْ فَتْحًا، أَوِ اسْمًا يُتَبَرَّكُ بِهِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ اللِّوَاءَ وَقَالَ لَهُ: امْضِ بِهِ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا فَارْكُزْهُ وَادْعُ أَصْحَابَكَ وَأَقِمْ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ. فَفَعَلَ. وَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا الْأَرْضُ بَيْضَاءُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَأَمَرَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى: مَنْ جَاءَ بِرَأْسٍ فَلَهُ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ. فَأُتِيَ بِرُءُوسٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَهُوَ يُعْطِي مَا ضَمِنَ. وَبَرَزَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، فَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْغَفَّارِ الْعِجْلِيُّ، فَسَأَلَهُ الشَّامِيُّ فَعَرَفَهُ فَقَالَ: قَدْ ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَيَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أُرِيدُ قِتَالَكَ وَلَكِنْ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أُلْقِيَ إِلَيْكَ حَدِيثًا، أُخْبِرُكَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَعَكُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، لَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَلَا مَنْصُورٌ وَلَا غَيْرُهُمَا، إِلَّا وَقَدْ كَاتَبَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَكَاتَبَتْهُ مُضَرُ، وَمَا أَرَى لَكُمْ يَا رَبِيعَةُ كِتَابًا وَلَا رَسُولًا، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَيْسٍ، فَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمُ الْكِتَابَ أَبْلَغْتُهُ وَنَحْنُ غَدًا بِإِزَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُمُ الْيَوْمَ لَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ. فَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ ابْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْغَضْبَانِ، فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْتَوْثِقَ مِنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَمَنْصُورٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ. وَأَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْغَدِ غَادِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ، فَحَمَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْغَضْبَانِ عَلَى مَيْمَنَةِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَانْكَشَفُوا، وَمَضَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَمَنْصُورٌ مِنْ فَوْرِهِمَا إِلَى الْحِيرَةِ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ ابْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ مَعَهُمْ، فَدَخَلُوا الْقَصْرَ، وَبَقِيَ مَنْ بِالْمَيْسَرَةِ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَرَ وَمَنْ بِإِزَائِهِمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْغَضْبَانِ: مَا كُنَّا نَأْمَنُ عَلَيْكُمْ مَا صَنَعَ النَّاسُ بِكُمْ، فَانْصَرَفُوا. فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْغَضْبَانِ: لَا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّى أُقْتَلَ. فَأَخَذَ أَصْحَابُهُ بِعِنَانِ دَابَّتِهِ فَأَدْخَلُوهُ الْكُوفَةَ، فَلَمَّا أَمْسَوْا قَالَ لَهُمُ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ رَبِيعَةَ، قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ مَا صَنَعَ النَّاسُ بِنَا، وَقَدْ أَعْلَقْنَا دِمَاءَنَا فِي أَعْنَاقِكُمْ، فَإِنْ قَاتَلْتُمْ قَاتَلْنَا مَعَكُمْ، وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ النَّاسَ يَخْذُلُونَنَا وَإِيَّاكُمْ فَخُذُوا لَنَا وَلَكُمْ أَمَانًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْغَضْبَانِ: مَا نُقَاتِلُ مَعَكُمْ وَمَا نَأْخُذُ لَكُمْ أَمَانًا كَمَا نَأْخُذُ لِأَنْفُسِنَا. فَأَقَامُوا فِي الْقَصْرِ وَالزَّيْدِيَّةُ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ يُقَاتِلُونَ أَصْحَابَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَيَّامًا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبِيعَةَ أَخَذَتْ أَمَانًا لِابْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلِلزَّيْدِيَّةِ لِيَذْهَبُوا حَيْثُ شَاءُوا، وَسَارَ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ فَنَزَلَ الْمَدَائِنَ، فَأَتَاهُ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَخَرَجَ بِهِمْ فَغَلَبَ عَلَى حُلْوَانَ وَالْجِبَالِ وَهَمْدَانَ وَأَصْبَهَانَ وَالرَّيِّ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ عَبِيدُ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ. وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا مُجِيدًا، فَمِنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَلَا تَرْكَبَنَّ الصَّنِيعَ الَّذِي تَلُومُ أَخَاكَ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ وَلَا يُعْجِبَنَّكَ قَوْلُ امْرِئٍ يُخَالِفُ مَا قَالَ فِي فِعْلِهِ
Translation
✧ Mention of the appearance of ʿAbd Allāh b. Muʿāwiyah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar In this year, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muʿāwiyah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib appeared in al-Kūfah and called people to himself. The reason for that was that he had come to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz in al-Kūfah, and he honored him and gave him a gift, and he granted him and his brothers three hundred dirhams every day. They remained thus until Yazīd b. al-Walīd died, and the people pledged allegiance to his brother Ibrāhīm b. al-Walīd, and after him to ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Ḥajjāj b. ʿAbd al-Malik. When news of their two pledges of allegiance reached ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar in al-Kūfah, he accepted the people's pledge, increased the stipends, and wrote of their two pledges of allegiance to the regions. The pledge came to him, but then he learned of Marwān b. Muḥammad's refusal to pledge allegiance and his march against the two of them toward al-Shām. So he detained ʿAbd Allāh b. Muʿāwiyah with him, increased what he had been granting him, and prepared him for Marwān b. Muḥammad, in case he prevailed over Ibrāhīm b. al-Walīd, so that he could pledge allegiance to him and fight Marwān with him. The people were in turmoil. Marwān entered al-Shām and prevailed over Ibrāhīm. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī fled hastily to al-Kūfah, forged a letter in the name of Ibrāhīm appointing him governor of al-Kūfah, gathered the Yamanīyah, and informed them of that. They responded to him, but ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar refused to yield to him and fought him. When he saw the matter thus, he feared his affair would become exposed, and he would be disgraced and killed. So he said to his companions, "I dislike shedding blood, so withhold your hands." They withheld them. Ibrāhīm's affair and his flight became known, and party strife arose among the people. Its cause was that ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar had given Muḍar and Rabīʿah many gifts, but he gave nothing to Jaʿfar b. Nāfiʿ b. al-Qaʿqāʿ b. Shawr al-Dhuhlī and ʿUthmān b. al-Khaybarī of Taym al-Lāt b. Thaʿlabah, both of Rabīʿah. They were both angered, and Thumāmah b. Ḥawshab b. Ruwaym al-Shaybānī was angered on their behalf. They went out from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar while he was at al-Ḥīrah to al-Kūfah and called out, "O people of Rabīʿah!" Rabīʿah gathered and became indignant. The news reached ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, so he sent his brother ʿĀṣim. He came to them while they were at Dayr Hind, threw himself among them, and said, "Here is my hand for you; judge as you will." They felt ashamed, returned, honored ʿĀṣim, and thanked him. When evening came, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar sent to ʿUmar b. al-Ghaḍbān b. al-Qabʿatharī one hundred thousand, which he distributed among his people, the Banū Hammām b. Murrah b. Dhuhl al-Shaybānī, and to Thumāmah b. Ḥawshab one hundred thousand, which he distributed among his people, and he sent money to Jaʿfar b. Nāfiʿ and money to ʿUthmān b. al-Khaybarī. When the Shīʿah saw the weakness of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, they coveted him and called people to ʿAbd Allāh b. Muʿāwiyah. They gathered in the mosque, rose up, came to ʿAbd Allāh b. Muʿāwiyah, brought him out of his house, and brought him into the palace. They prevented ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar from entering the palace, so he joined his brother at al-Ḥīrah. The people of al-Kūfah came to Ibn Muʿāwiyah and pledged allegiance to him, among them ʿUmar b. al-Ghaḍbān, Manṣūr b. Jumhūr, and Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī, the brother of Khālid. He remained for some days while the people pledged allegiance to him, and the pledge came to him from al-Madāʾin and Fam al-Nīl. The people gathered to him, and he went out against ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar at al-Ḥīrah. It was said to Ibn ʿUmar, "Ibn Muʿāwiyah has come with a host." He bowed his head for a while. His chief baker came to him and informed him that the food was ready. He ordered him to bring it, so he brought it, and he and those with him ate while he was unconcerned, while the people expected Ibn Muʿāwiyah to fall upon them. He finished his meal, brought out the money, and distributed it among his commanders. Then he summoned a mawlā of his whom he regarded as blessed and whose name he took as a good omen—his name was either Maymūn, Rabāḥ, Fatḥ, or some auspicious name—and gave him the banner and said to him, "Go with it to such-and-such a place, plant it, summon your companions, and stay until I come to you." He did so. ʿAbd Allāh went out, and behold, the ground was white with the companions of Ibn Muʿāwiyah. Ibn ʿUmar ordered a herald, and he called out, "Whoever brings a head will have five hundred." Many heads were brought to him, and he gave what he had promised. A man from the people of al-Shām came forward, and al-Qāsim b. ʿAbd al-Ghaffār al-ʿIjlī came forward against him. The Syrian asked him and recognized him, then said, "I thought that no man of Bakr b. Wāʾil would come out against me. By God, I do not want to fight you, but I wanted to convey to you a piece of news: I inform you that there is not a man from the people of Yemen with you—not Ismāʿīl, nor Manṣūr, nor anyone else—but that he has corresponded with Ibn ʿUmar, and Muḍar have corresponded with him. I see, O Rabīʿah, neither letter nor messenger for you. I am a man of Qays. If you want a letter, I shall deliver it, and tomorrow we shall be facing you, for today they will not fight you." The news reached Ibn Muʿāwiyah, and ʿUmar b. al-Ghaḍbān informed him, and he advised him to secure Ismāʿīl, Manṣūr, and others, but he did not do so. The next morning, the people set out for battle. ʿUmar b. al-Ghaḍbān charged the right wing of Ibn ʿUmar, and they were routed. Ismāʿīl and Manṣūr went immediately to al-Ḥīrah, and the companions of Ibn Muʿāwiyah fled to al-Kūfah, with Ibn Muʿāwiyah among them. They entered the palace, while those on the left wing of Rabīʿah and Muḍar and those facing them from Ibn ʿUmar's companions remained. He said to ʿUmar b. al-Ghaḍbān, "We would not have felt safe for you, had the people done to you as they did; so withdraw." Ibn al-Ghaḍbān said, "I shall not leave until I am killed." His companions took hold of his mount's bridle and brought him into al-Kūfah. When evening came, Ibn Muʿāwiyah said to them, "O assembly of Rabīʿah, you have seen what the people have done to us, and we have placed our blood on your necks. If you fight, we shall fight with you; but if you see that the people are failing us and you, then take for us and for yourselves a guarantee of safety." ʿUmar b. al-Ghaḍbān said to him, "We shall not fight with you, nor shall we take for you a guarantee of safety as we take for ourselves." They remained in the palace, and the Zaydīyah were at the mouths of the streets fighting the companions of Ibn ʿUmar for several days. Then Rabīʿah obtained a guarantee of safety for Ibn Muʿāwiyah, for themselves, and for the Zaydīyah, that they might go wherever they wished. Ibn Muʿāwiyah departed from al-Kūfah and stopped at al-Madāʾin. A group from the people of al-Kūfah came to him, and he set out with them and gained control over Ḥulwān, al-Jibāl, Hamadhān, Iṣbahān, and al-Rayy. Slaves of the people of al-Kūfah went out to him. He was an excellent poet. Among his verses are: Do not commit the deed for which you blame your brother when he does the like of it, and do not let yourself be impressed by the words of a man whose deeds contradict what he says.
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