Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2566
The Year 120 AH from the Prophetic Emigration
عَزْلِ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيِّ وَوِلَايَةِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الثَّقَفِيِّ وَفِي سنة عشرين ومائة عَزَلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ خَالِدًا عَنْ أَعْمَالِهِ جَمِيعِهَا، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَلِكَ وَسَبَبِهِ. قِيلَ: إِنَّ فَرُّوخَ أَبَا الْمُثَنَّى كَانَ عَلَى ضِيَاعِ هِشَامٍ بِنَهْرِ الرُّمَّانِ، فَثَقُلَ مَكَانُهُ عَلَى خَالِدٍ، فَقَالَ خَالِدٌ لَحَيَّانَ النَّبَطِيِّ: اخْرُجْ إِلَى هِشَامٍ وَزِدْ عَلَى فَرُّوخٍ، فَفَعَلَ حَيَّانُ ذَلِكَ وَتَوَلَّاهَا، فَصَارَ حَيَّانُ أَثْقَلَ عَلَى خَالِدٍ مِنْ فَرُّوخٍ، فَجَعَلَ يُؤْذِيهِ، فَيَقُولُ حَيَّانُ: لَا تُؤْذِنِي وَأَنَا صَنِيعَتُكَ، فَأَبَى إِلَّا أَذَاهُ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ بَثَقَ الْبُثُوقَ عَلَى الضِّيَاعِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى هِشَامٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ خَالِدًا بَثَقَ الْبُثُوقَ عَلَى ضِيَاعِكَ. فَوَجَّهَ هِشَامٌ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا. فَقَالَ حَيَّانُ لِخَادِمٍ مِنْ خَدَمِ هِشَامٍ: إِنْ تَكَلَّمْتَ بِكَلِمَةٍ أَقُولُهَا لَكَ حَيْثُ يَسْمَعُ هِشَامٌ فَلَكَ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ. قَالَ: فَعَجِّلْهَا [ وَأَقُولُ مَا شِئْتَ ]، فَأَعْطَاهُ أَلْفًا وَقَالَ لَهُ: تُبْكِي صَبِيًّا مِنْ صِبْيَانِ هِشَامٍ، فَإِذَا بَكَى فَقُلْ لَهُ: ( اسْكُتْ وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّكَ ابْنُ خَالِدٍ ) الْقَسْرِيُّ الَّذِي غَلَّتُهُ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ. فَفَعَلَ الْخَادِمُ، فَسَمِعَهَا هِشَامٌ، فَسَأَلَ حَيَّانَ عَنْ غَلَّةِ خَالِدٍ، فَقَالَ: ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ، فَوَقَرَتْ فِي نَفْسِ هِشَامٍ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَتْ غَلَّتُهُ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا، وَإِنَّهُ حَفَرَ بِالْعِرَاقِ الْأَنْهَارَ، مِنْهَا نَهْرُ خَالِدٍ، وَبَاجِرَى، وَتَارْمَانَا، وَالْمُبَارَكُ، وَالْجَامِعُ، وَكُورَةُ سَابُورَ، وَالصِّلْحُ، وَكَانَ كَثِيرًا مَا يَقُولُ: إِنِّي مَظْلُومٌ، مَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا هُوَ لِي، يَعْنِي أَنَّ عُمَرَ جَعَلَ لِبَجِيلَةَ رُبْعَ السَّوَادِ. وَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ الْعُرْيَانُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ وَبِلَالُ بْنُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بِعَرْضِ أَمْلَاكِهِ عَلَى هِشَامٍ، لِيَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا مَا أَرَادَ، وَيَضْمَنَانِ لَهُ الرِّضَا، فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ بَلَغَهُمَا تَغَيُّرُ هِشَامٍ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ وَلَمْ يُجِبْهُمَا إِلَى شَيْءٍ. وَقِيلَ لِهِشَامٍ: إِنَّ خَالِدًا قَالَ لِوَلَدِهِ: مَا أَنْتَ بِدُونِ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ! وَدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ آلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَلَى خَالِدٍ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ فِي الْقَوْلِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى هِشَامٍ يَشْكُو خَالِدًا، فَكَتَبَ هِشَامٌ إِلَى خَالِدٍ يَذُمُّهُ وَيَلُومُهُ وَيُوَبِّخُهُ وَيَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ رَاجِلًا إِلَى بَابِهِ وَيَتَرَضَّاهُ، فَقَدْ جَعَلَ عَزْلَهُ وَوِلَايَتَهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ يَذْكُرُ هِشَامًا فَيَقُولُ: ابْنُ الْحَمْقَاءِ، وَكَانَ خَالِدٌ يَخْطُبُ فَيَقُولُ: زَعَمْتُمْ أَنِّي أُغْلِي أَسْعَارَكُمْ، فَعَلَى مَنْ يُغْلِيهَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ ! وَكَانَ هِشَامٌ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَلَّا تَبِيعَنَّ مِنَ الْغَلَّاتِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى تُبَاعَ غَلَّاتُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَبَلَغَتْ كَيْلَهَا دَرَاهِمَ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ لِابْنِهِ: كَيْفَ أَنْتَ إِذَا احْتَاجَ إِلَيْكَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ فَبَلَغَ هَذَا جَمِيعُهُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هِشَامًا فَتَنَكَّرَ لَهُ. وَبَلَغَهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّهُ يَسْتَقِلُّ وِلَايَةَ الْعِرَاقِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ هِشَامٌ: يَابْنَ أُمِّ خَالِدٍ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ: مَا وِلَايَةُ الْعِرَاقِ لِي بِشَرَفٍ. يَابْنَ اللَّخْنَاءِ، كَيْفَ لَا تَكُونُ إِمْرَةُ الْعِرَاقِ لَكَ شَرَفًا، وَأَنْتَ مِنْ بَجِيلَةَ الْقَلِيلَةِ الذَّلِيلَةِ ؟ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَظُنُّ أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يَأْتِيكَ صَغِيرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يَشُدُّ يَدَيْكَ إِلَى عُنُقِكَ. وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَبْلُغُهُ عَنْهُ مَا يَكْرَهُ، فَعَزَمَ عَلَى عَزْلِهِ، فَكَتَمَ ذَلِكَ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى يُوسُفَ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ، يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ فَقَدْ وَلَّاهُ ذَلِكَ، فَسَارَ يُوسُفُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَعَرَّسَ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا، وَقَدْ خَتَنَ طَارِقٌ خَلِيفَةُ خَالِدٍ بِالْكُوفَةِ وَلَدَهُ، فَأَهْدَى إِلَيْهِ أَلْفَ وَصِيفٍ وَوَصِيفَةٍ سِوَى الْأَمْوَالِ وَالثِّيَابِ، فَمَرَّ بِيُوسُفَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَسَأَلُوهُ: مَا أَنْتُمْ وَأَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ ؟ قَالُوا: بَعْضَ الْمَوَاضِعِ. فَأَتَوْا طَارِقًا فَأَخْبَرُوهُ خَبَرَهُمْ وَأَمَرُوهُ بِقَتْلِهِمْ وَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُمْ خَوَارِجُ. فَسَارَ يُوسُفُ إِلَى دُورِ ثَقِيفٍ، فَقِيلَ لَهُمْ: مَا أَنْتُمْ ؟ فَكَتَمُوا حَالَهُمْ وَأَمْرَ يُوسُفَ، فَجَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ هُنَاكَ مِنْ مُضَرَ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ مَعَ الْفَجْرِ وَأَمَرَ الْمُؤَذِّنَ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلَّى، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ وَخَالِدٍ فَأَخَذَهُمَا وَإِنَّ الْقُدُورَ لَتَغْلِي. وَقِيلَ: لَمَّا أَرَادَ هِشَامٌ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ يُوسُفَ بْنَ عُمَرَ الْعِرَاقَ كَتَمَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَدِمَ جُنْدُبٌ مَوْلَى يُوسُفَ بِكِتَابِ يُوسُفَ إِلَى هِشَامٍ، فَقَرَأَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِسَالِمِ بْنِ عَنْبَسَةَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الدِّيوَانِ: أَنْ أَجِبْهُ عَنْ لِسَانِكَ وَأْتِنِي بِالْكِتَابِ. وَكَتَبَ هِشَامٌ بِخَطِّهِ كِتَابًا صَغِيرًا إِلَى يُوسُفَ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَكَتَبَ سَالِمٌ الْكِتَابَ وَأَتَى بِهِ هِشَامًا، فَجَعَلَ كِتَابَهُ فِي وَسَطِهِ وَخَتَمَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا رَسُولَ يُوسُفَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَضُرِبَ وَمُزِّقَتْ ثِيَابَهُ، وَدَفَعَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَيْهِ فَسَارَ. فَارْتَابَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَكَانَ خَلِيفَةَ سَالِمٍ، فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ حِيلَةٌ، وَقَدْ وَلَّى يُوسُفَ الْعِرَاقَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عِيَاضٍ، وَهُوَ نَائِبُ سَالِمٍ بِالْعِرَاقِ: إِنَّ أَهْلَكَ قَدْ بَعَثُوا إِلَيْكَ بِالثَّوْبِ الْيَمَانِيِّ، فَإِذَا أَتَاكَ فَالْبَسْهُ، وَاحَمْدِ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، ( وَأَعْلِمْ ذَلِكَ طَارِقًا ). فَأَعْلَمَ عِيَاضٌ طَارِقَ بْنَ أَبِي زِيَادٍ بِالْكِتَابِ لَهُ. ثُمَّ نَدِمَ بَشِيرٌ عَلَى كِتَابِهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عِيَاضٍ: ( إِنَّ أَهْلَكَ قَدْ بَدَا لَهُمْ فِي إِمْسَاكِ ) الثَّوْبِ. فَأَتَى عِيَاضٌ ) بِالْكِتَابِ الثَّانِي إِلَى طَارِقٍ، فَقَالَ طَارِقٌ: الْخَبَرُ فِي الْكِتَابِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَلَكِنَّ بَشِيرًا نَدِمَ وَخَافَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ الْخَبَرُ. وَرَكِبَ طَارِقٌ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى خَالِدٍ وَهُوَ بِوَاسِطٍ، فَرَآهُ دَاوُدُ الْبَرِيدِيُّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى حِجَابَةِ خَالِدٍ وَدِيوَانِهِ، فَأَعْلَمَ خَالِدًا، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَالَ: مَا أَقْدَمَكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ ؟ قَالَ: أَمْرٌ كُنْتُ أَخْطَأْتُ فِيهِ، كُنْتُ قَدْ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى الْأَمِيرِ أُعَزِّيهِ بِأَخِيهِ أَسَدٍ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يَجِبُ أَنْ آتِيَهُ مَاشِيًا. فَرَقَّ خَالِدٌ وَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ وَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ إِلَى عَمَلِكَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ لَمَّا غَابَ دَاوُدُ، قَالَ: مَا الرَّأْيُ ؟ قَالَ: تَرْكَبُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَتَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا بَلَغَهُ عَنْكَ. قَالَ: لَا أَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ. قَالَ: فَتُرْسِلُنِي إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ بِإِذْنِهِ. قَالَ: وَلَا هَذَا. قَالَ: فَأَذْهَبُ فَأَضْمَنُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ جَمِيعَ مَا انْكَسَرَ فِي هَذِهِ السِّنِينَ وَآتِيكَ بِعَهْدِهِ. قَالَ: وَكَمْ مَبْلَغُهُ ؟ قَالَ: مِائَةُ أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ. قَالَ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ آخُذُهَا ؟ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَجِدُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ ! قَالَ: أَتَحَمَّلُ أَنَا وَفُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ. قَالَ: إِنِّي إِذًا لَلَئِيمٌ إِنْ كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُهُمْ شَيْئًا وَأَعُودُ فِيهِ. فَقَالَ طَارِقٌ: إِنَّمَا نَفْدِيكَ وَنَفْدِي أَنْفُسَنَا بِأَمْوَالِنَا وَتُسْتَأْنَفُ الدُّنْيَا، وَتَبْقَى النِّعْمَةُ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَيْنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَجِيءَ مَنْ يُطَالِبُنَا بِالْأَمْوَالِ ( وَهِيَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَيَتَرَبَّصُونَ فَنُقْتَلُ وَيَأْكُلُونَ تِلْكَ الْأَمْوَالَ ). فَأَبَى خَالِدٌ. فَوَدَّعَهُ طَارِقٌ وَبَكَى وَقَالَ: هَذَا آخِرُ مَا نَلْتَقِي فِي الدُّنْيَا. وَمَضَى إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ إِلَى الْجَمَّةِ. وَقَدِمَ رَسُولُ يُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمَنَ فَقَالَ: أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَاخِطٌ، وَقَدْ ضَرَبَنِي وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ جَوَابَ كِتَابِكَ، وَهَذَا كِتَابُ سَالِمٍ صَاحِبِ الدِّيوَانِ. فَقَرَأَهُ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى آخِرِهِ قَرَأَ كِتَابَ هِشَامٍ بِخَطِّهِ وَوِلَايَةِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَيَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ ابْنَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، يَعْنِي خَالِدًا، وَعُمَّالَهُ وَيُعَذِّبَهُمْ حَتَّى يَشْتَفِيَ. فَأَخَذَ دَلِيلًا وَسَارَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ ابْنَهُ الصَّلْتَ، فَقَدِمَ الْكُوفَةَ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةَ سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَنَزَلَ النَّجَفَ، وَأَرْسَلَ مَوْلَاهُ كَيْسَانَ وَقَالَ: انْطَلِقْ فَأْتِنِي بِطَارِقٍ، فَإِنْ أَقْبَلَ فَاحْمِلْهُ عَلَى إِكَافٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُقْبِلْ فَأْتِ بِهِ سَحْبًا. فَأَتَى كَيْسَانُ الْحِيرَةَ فَأَخَذَ مَعَهُ عَبْدَ الْمَسِيحِ سَيِّدَ أَهْلِهَا إِلَى طَارِقٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ يُوسُفَ قَدْ قَدِمَ عَلَى الْعِرَاقِ وَهُوَ يَسْتَدْعِيكَ. فَقَالَ طَارِقٌ لَكَيْسَانَ: إِنْ أَرَادَ الْأَمِيرُ الْمَالَ أَعْطَيْتُهُ مَا سَأَلَ. وَأَقْبَلُوا بِهِ إِلَى يُوسُفَ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَتَوَافَوْا بِالْحِيرَةِ، فَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبًا مُبَرِّحًا، يُقَالُ خَمْسُمِائَةِ سَوْطٍ، وَدَخَلَ الْكُوفَةَ، وَأَرْسَلَ عَطَاءَ بْنَ مُقَدِّمٍ إِلَى خَالِدٍ بِالْجَمَّةِ، فَأَتَى الرَّسُولُ حَاجِبَهُ وَقَالَ: اسْتَأْذِنْ [ لِي ] عَلَى أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى خَالِدٍ مُتَغَيِّرَ اللَّوْنِ، فَقَالَ خَالِدٌ: مَا لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: خَيْرٌ. قَالَ: مَا عِنْدَكَ خَيْرٌ ! قَالَ: عَطَاءٌ [ قَالَ ]: اسْتَأْذِنْ لِي عَلَى أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ. فَقَالَ: ايذَنْ لَهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: وَيْلُ أُمِّهَا سَخْطَةٌ ! ثُمَّ أَخَذَهُ فَحَبَسَهُ، وَصَالَحَهُ عَنْهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى تِسْعَةِ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ، فَقِيلَ لِيُوسُفَ: لَوْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ لَأَخَذْتَ مِنْهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ، فَنَدِمَ وَقَالَ: قَدْ رَهَنْتُ لِسَانِي مَعَهُ وَلَا آمَنُ وَلَا أَرْجِعُ. وَأَخْبَرَ أَصْحَابُ خَالِدٍ خَالِدًا فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَخْطَأْتُمْ وَلَا آمَنُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا ثُمَّ يَعُودُ، ارْجِعُوا، فَرَجَعُوا فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ خَالِدًا لَمْ يَرْضَ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ رَجَعْتُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَرْضَى بِمِثْلِهَا وَلَا مِثْلَيْهَا، فَأَخَذَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقِيلَ: أَخَذَ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ. فَأَرْسَلَ يُوسُفَ إِلَى بِلَالِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، فَقَبَضَهُ، وَكَانَ قَدِ اتَّخَذَ بِلَالٌ بِالْكُوفَةِ دَارًا لَمْ يَنْزِلْهَا، فَأَحْضَرَهُ يُوسُفُ مُقَيَّدًا فَأَنْزَلَهُ الدَّارَ، ثُمَّ جُعِلَتْ سِجْنًا. وَكَانَ خَالِدٌ يَصِلُ الْهَاشِمِيِّينَ وَيَبَرُّهُمْ، فَأَتَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ لِيَسْتَحْمِيَهُ فَلَمْ يَرَ مِنْهُ مَا يُحِبُّ، فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الصِّلَةُ فَلِلْهَاشِمِيِّينَ، وَلَيْسَ لَنَا مِنْهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَلْعَنُ عَلِيًّا، فَبَلَغَتْ خَالِدًا فَقَالَ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ نِلْنَا عُثْمَانَ بِشَيْءٍ. وَكَانَ خَالِدٌ مَعَ هَذَا يُبَالِغُ فِي سَبِّ عَلِيٍّ، فَقِيلَ: كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ نَفْيًا لِلتُّهْمَةِ، وَتَقَرُّبًا إِلَى الْقَوْمِ. وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَةُ خَالِدٍ الْعِرَاقَ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَمِائَةٍ، وَعُزِلَ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، ولاية يوسف بن عمر الثقفي العراق وبعض من أخباره وَلَمَّا وَلِيَ يُوسُفُ الْعِرَاقَ كَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ ذَلِيلًا وَالْحُكْمُ فِيهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، فَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ نَوْفَلَ فِيهِ: أَتَانَا وَأَهْلُ الشِّرْكِ أَهْلُ زَكَاتِنَا وَحُكَّامُنَا فِيمَا نُسِرُّ وَنَجْهَرُ فَلَمَّا أَتَانَا يُوسُفُ الْخَيْرِ أَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ الْأَرْضُ حَتَّى كُلُّ وَادٍ مُنَوَّرُ وَحَتَّى رَأَيْنَا الْعَدْلَ فِي النَّاسِ ظَاهِرًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْعُقَيْلِيِّ يَظْهَرُ فِي أَبْيَاتٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: أَرَانَا وَالْخَلِيفَةُ إِذْ رَمَانَا مَعَ الْإِخْلَاصِ بِالرَّجُلِ الْجَدِيدِ كَأَهْلِ النَّارِ حِينَ دَعَوْا أُغِيثُوا جَمِيعًا بِالْحَمِيمِ وَبِالصَّدِيدِ وَكَانَ فِي يُوسُفَ أَشْيَاءُ مُتَبَايِنَةٌ مُتَنَاقِضَةٌ، كَانَ طَوِيلَ الصَّلَاةِ، مُلَازِمًا لِلْمَسْجِدِ، ضَابِطًا لِحَشَمِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ عَنِ النَّاسِ، لَيِّنَ الْكَلَامِ، مُتَوَاضِعًا، حَسَنَ الْمَلَكَةِ، كَثِيرَ التَّضَرُّعِ وَالدُّعَاءِ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُ أَحَدًا حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ الضُّحَى، يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَضَرَّعُ، وَكَانَ بَصِيرًا بِالشِّعْرِ وَالْأَدَبِ، وَكَانَ شَدِيدَ الْعُقُوبَةِ مُسْرِفًا فِي ضَرْبِ الْأَبْشَارِ، فَكَانَ يَأْخُذُ الثَّوْبَ الْجَدِيدَ فَيُمِرُّ ظُفْرَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ طَاقُهُ ضَرَبَ صَاحِبَهُ وَرُبَّمَا قَطَعَ يَدَهُ. وَكَانَ أَحْمَقَ، أُتِيَ يَوْمًا بِثَوْبٍ فَقَالَ لِكَاتِبِهِ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الثَّوْبِ ؟ فَقَالَ: كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَكُونَ بُيُوتُهُ أَصْغَرَ مِمَّا هِيَ. فَقَالَ لِلْحَائِكِ: صَدَقَ يَابْنَ اللَّخْنَاءِ ! فَقَالَ الْحَائِكُ: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِهَذَا. فَقَالَ لِكَاتِبِهِ: صَدَقَ يَابْنَ اللَّخْنَاءِ. فَقَالَ الْكَاتِبُ: هَذَا يَعْمَلُ فِي السَّنَةِ ثَوْبًا أَوْ ثَوْبَيْنِ، وَأَنَا يَمُرُّ عَلَى يَدَيَّ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مِائَةُ ثَوْبٍ مِثْلَ هَذَا. فَقَالَ لِلْحَائِكِ: صَدَقَ يَابْنَ اللَّخْنَاءِ ! فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُكَذِّبُ هَذَا مَرَّةً وَهَذَا مَرَّةً حَتَّى عَدَّ أَبْيَاتَ الثَّوْبِ فَوَجَدَهَا تَنْقُصُ بَيْتًا مِنْ أَحَدِ جَانِبَيِ الثَّوْبِ، فَضَرَبَ الْحَائِكَ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ يُوسُفَ أَرَادَ السَّفَرَ فَدَعَا جَوَارِيَهُ فَقَالَ لِإِحْدَاهُنَّ: تَخْرُجِينَ مَعِي ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: يَا خَبِيثَةُ كُلُّ هَذَا مِنْ حُبِّ النِّكَاحِ، يَا خَادِمُ اضْرِبْ رَأْسَهَا. وَقَالَ لِأُخْرَى: مَا تَقُولِينَ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أُقِيمُ عَلَى وَلَدِي. فَقَالَ: يَا خَبِيثَةُ أَكُلُّ هَذَا زَهَادَةٌ فِيَّ ؟ اضْرِبْ رَأْسَهَا. وَقَالَ لِثَالِثَةٍ: مَا تَقُولِينَ ؟ قَالَتْ: مَا أَدْرِي مَا أَقُولُ، إِنْ قُلْتُ مَا قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا لَمْ آمَنْ عُقُوبَتَكَ. فَقَالَ: يَا لَخْنَاءُ أَوَتُنَاقِضِينَ وَتَحْتَجِّينَ ؟ اضْرِبْ رَأْسَهَا. فَضَرَبَ الْجَمِيعَ. وَكَانَ قَصِيرًا عَظِيمَ اللِّحْيَةِ، وَكَانَ يُحْضِرُ الثَّوْبَ الطَّوِيلَ لِيُفَصِّلَهُ لِيَلْبَسَهُ، فَإِنْ قَالَ الْخَيَّاطُ إِنَّهُ يُفَصِّلُ مِنْهُ ضَرَبَهُ، فَإِنْ قَالَ لَهُ الْخَيَّاطُ: لَا يَكْفِينَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ التَّصَرُّفِ فِي التَّفْصِيلِ، سَرَّهُ، فَكَانُوا يُفَصِّلُونَ لَهُ ثِيَابًا طِوَالًا وَيَأْخُذُونَ مَا يَنْبَغِي مِنَ الثَّوْبِ يُوهِمُونَهُ أَنَّ الثَّوْبَ لَمْ يَكْفِهِ فَيَرْضَى بِذَلِكَ. وَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ أَشْيَاءُ نَوَادِرُ، مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَوْمًا لِكَاتِبٍ لَهُ: مَا حَبَسَكَ ؟ قَالَ: اشْتَكَيْتُ ضِرْسِي، فَدَعَا بِحَجَّامٍ يَقْلَعُهُ وَمَعَهُ ضِرْسٌ آخَرُ.
Translation
✧ The Dismissal of Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī and the Appointment of Yūsuf b. ʿUmar al-Thaqafī In the year one hundred and twenty, Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik dismissed Khālid from all his offices. They have disagreed about that and its cause. It is said: Farrūkh Abū al-Muthannā was in charge of Hishām's estates at Nahr al-Rummān, and Khālid found his position burdensome. So Khālid said to Ḥayyān al-Nabaṭī: 'Go out to Hishām and add to Farrūkh [i.e., bid more for the estates].' Ḥayyān did that and took them over. Then Ḥayyān became more burdensome to Khālid than Farrūkh had been, and Khālid began to harm him. Ḥayyān would say: 'Do not harm me, for I am your protégé,' but Khālid insisted on harming him. When Ḥayyān came to him, he breached the watercourses onto the estates, and then went out to Hishām and said to him: 'Khālid has breached the watercourses onto your estates.' Hishām sent someone to inspect them. Ḥayyān said to a servant of Hishām's servants: 'If you speak a word I tell you when Hishām can hear, you shall have one thousand dinars.' He said: 'Give it in advance, [and I will say whatever you wish].' So he gave him one thousand and said to him: 'Make one of Hishām's children cry, and when he cries, say to him: "Be quiet! By God, it is as if you were the son of Khālid al-Qasrī, whose revenue is thirteen million."' So the servant did that, and Hishām heard it. He asked Ḥayyān about Khālid's revenue, and Ḥayyān said: 'Thirteen million,' and that settled in Hishām's mind. It is also said: His revenue was twenty thousand, and he had dug canals in Iraq, among them Nahr Khālid, Bājirā, Tārmānā, al-Mubārak, al-Jāmiʿ, the district of Sābūr, and al-Ṣilḥ. He often used to say: 'I am wronged; nothing is under my feet but it is mine,' meaning that ʿUmar had given Bajīla a quarter of the Sawād. Al-ʿUryān b. al-Haytham and Bilāl b. Abī Burda advised him to present his properties to Hishām, so that Hishām could take from them whatever he wished, and they guaranteed him satisfaction, for they had heard of Hishām's change toward him. But he did not do it and did not respond to them in anything. And it was said to Hishām: 'Khālid said to his son: "You are not less than Maslama b. Hishām!"' A man from the family of ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ entered upon Khālid in his assembly, and Khālid spoke harshly to him. So he wrote to Hishām complaining about Khālid. Hishām wrote to Khālid rebuking him, blaming him, and upbraiding him, and commanding him to walk on foot to his (the man's) door and seek his satisfaction, for he had placed his dismissal and his appointment in his hands. And Khālid used to mention Hishām and say: 'Son of the foolish woman.' And Khālid used to deliver the khuṭba and say: 'You claim that I raise your prices; may the curse of God be upon whoever raises them!' Hishām had written to him not to sell any of the crops until the Commander of the Faithful's crops were sold, so their measure reached dirhams [i.e., the price of Hishām's crops was high because Khālid withheld his]. And he used to say to his son: 'How will you fare when the Commander of the Faithful needs you?' All of this reached the Commander of the Faithful Hishām, and he became displeased with him. It also reached him that Khālid belittled the governorship of Iraq. So Hishām wrote to him: 'O son of the mother of Khālid, it has reached me that you say: "The governorship of Iraq is no honor for me." O son of the stinking woman, how is the command of Iraq not an honor for you, when you are from Bajīla, the few and the lowly? By God, I think the first one to come to you will be a young man of Quraysh who will bind your hands to your neck.' And things he disliked kept reaching him about Khālid, so he resolved to dismiss him. He kept that secret and wrote to Yūsuf b. ʿUmar, who was in Yemen, ordering him to come with thirty of his companions to Iraq, for he had appointed him to it. So Yūsuf traveled to Kufa and camped near it. Ṭāriq, Khālid's deputy in Kufa, had circumcised his son, and he was given a thousand servant boys and girls, besides wealth and garments. Some of the people of Iraq passed by Yūsuf and asked them: 'What are you, and where do you intend to go?' They said: 'Some places.' They went to Ṭāriq and told him their news and ordered him to kill them, saying: 'They are Kharijites.' Then Yūsuf went to the houses of Thaqīf, and they asked them: 'What are you?' They concealed their situation and Yūsuf's matter. He gathered to himself the Muḍar who were there. When they had gathered, he entered the mosque at dawn and ordered the muezzin, and he performed the prayer, and he prayed. Then he sent for Ṭāriq and Khālid and seized them while the cooking pots were still boiling. It is also said: When Hishām wanted to appoint Yūsuf b. ʿUmar over Iraq, he kept it secret. Jundub, the mawlā of Yūsuf, arrived with a letter from Yūsuf to Hishām. Hishām read it, then said to Sālim b. ʿAnbasa, who was in charge of the dīwān: 'Answer it in your own words and bring me the letter.' Hishām wrote with his own hand a small letter to Yūsuf ordering him to march to Iraq. Sālim wrote the letter and brought it to Hishām. Hishām placed his own letter in the middle of it and sealed it. Then he called Yūsuf's messenger, ordered him to be beaten, had his clothes torn, and gave him the letter, so he departed. Bashīr b. Abī Ṭalḥa, who was Sālim's deputy, became suspicious and said: 'This is a trick; he has appointed Yūsuf over Iraq.' So he wrote to ʿIyāḍ, who was Sālim's deputy in Iraq: 'Your family has sent you the Yemeni garment; when it comes to you, wear it, and praise God Almighty, and inform Ṭāriq of that.' So ʿIyāḍ informed Ṭāriq b. Abī Ziyād of the letter. Then Bashīr regretted his letter, and he wrote to ʿIyāḍ: 'Your family has changed their minds about holding back the garment.' So ʿIyāḍ brought the second letter to Ṭāriq. Ṭāriq said: 'The news is in the first letter, but Bashīr regretted it and feared the news would come out.' Ṭāriq rode from Kufa to Khālid, who was at Wāsiṭ. Dāwūd al-Barīdī, who was in charge of Khālid's chamberlains and his dīwān, saw him and informed Khālid. Khālid gave him permission. When he saw him, he said: 'What has brought you without permission?' He said: 'A matter in which I erred. I had written to the amir to console him on the death of his brother Asad, and I should have come on foot.' Khālid was moved and his eyes filled with tears, and he said: 'Return to your work.' But when Dāwūd was absent, Ṭāriq told him the news and said: 'What do you think?' He said: 'You could ride to the Commander of the Faithful and apologize to him for what has reached him about you.' Khālid said: 'I will not do that without permission.' Ṭāriq said: 'Then send me to him so that I may bring you his permission.' Khālid said: 'Nor this.' Ṭāriq said: 'Then I will go and guarantee to the Commander of the Faithful all that has been lost in these years and bring you his covenant.' Khālid asked: 'How much is that?' He said: 'One hundred million.' Khālid said: 'And where would I get it? By God, I do not have ten million dirhams!' Ṭāriq said: 'I and so-and-so and so-and-so will bear it.' Khālid said: 'Then I would be base if I had given them something and went back on it.' Ṭāriq said: 'We are ransoming you and ransoming ourselves with our wealth. The world will begin anew, and the blessing will remain upon you and upon us, which is better than having someone come who will demand the wealth (and it is in the hands of the people of Kufa, and they will wait and we will be killed while they eat that wealth).' But Khālid refused. So Ṭāriq bade him farewell and wept and said: 'This is the last time we meet in this world.' Then he went to Kufa, and Khālid went out to al-Jamma. Yūsuf's messenger reached him in Yemen and said: 'The Commander of the Faithful is angry. He beat me and did not write a reply to your letter. Here is the letter of Sālim, the head of the dīwān.' Yūsuf read it. When he came to the end, he read Hishām's letter in his own hand appointing him over Iraq and ordering him to seize the son of the Christian woman, meaning Khālid, and his agents and to torture them until he was satisfied. So he took a guide and set out that very day, leaving his son al-Ṣalt as his deputy in Yemen. He arrived in Kufa in Jumādā al-Ākhira in the year one hundred and twenty and camped at al-Najaf. He sent his mawlā Kaysān and said: 'Go and bring Ṭāriq. If he comes willingly, carry him on a pack-saddle; if he does not come, bring him dragged.' Kaysān came to al-Ḥīra and took with him ʿAbd al-Masīḥ, the chief of its people, to Ṭāriq. He said to him: 'Yūsuf has arrived in Iraq and is summoning you.' Ṭāriq said to Kaysān: 'If the amir wants wealth, I will give him whatever he asks.' So they brought him to Yūsuf b. ʿUmar, and they met at al-Ḥīra. Yūsuf beat him severely, it is said five hundred lashes. Then he entered Kufa and sent ʿAṭāʾ b. Muqaddim to Khālid at al-Jamma. The messenger came to Khālid's chamberlain and said: 'Ask permission [for me] to see Abū al-Haytham.' He entered upon Khālid with changed color. Khālid said: 'What is the matter?' He said: 'Good.' Khālid said: 'You have no good!' He said: 'ʿAṭāʾ says: Ask permission for me to see Abū al-Haytham.' Khālid said: 'Give him permission.' He entered upon him and said: 'Woe to its mother, what an anger!' Then he seized him and imprisoned him. Abān b. al-Walīd and his companions made an agreement with Yūsuf for Khālid's release for nine million. It was said to Yūsuf: 'If you had not done that, you could have taken one hundred million from him.' He regretted it and said: 'I have pledged my tongue with him, and I do not feel safe, and I will not go back.' Khālid's companions informed Khālid, and he said: 'You have made a mistake, and I do not feel safe that he will take it and then return. Go back.' So they went back and told him that Khālid was not satisfied. He said: 'Have you returned?' They said: 'Yes.' He said: 'By God, I will not be satisfied with the like of it nor twice the like of it.' So he took more than that; it is said he took one hundred thousand. Then Yūsuf sent for Bilāl b. Abī Burda and seized him. Bilāl had built a house in Kufa that he had not occupied. Yūsuf brought him in fetters and lodged him in the house, and then it was made into a prison. Khālid used to give gifts to the Hashimites and treat them kindly. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān came to him to seek his protection but did not see from him what he liked. He said: 'As for gifts, they are for the Hashimites. We get nothing from him except that he curses ʿAlī.' That reached Khālid, and he said: 'If he wishes, we will get at ʿUthmān with something.' Despite this, Khālid went to extremes in cursing ʿAlī. It is said: He did that to ward off suspicion and to draw near to the people. Khālid's governorship of Iraq began in Shawwāl in the year one hundred and five, and he was dismissed in Jumādā al-Ūlā in the year one hundred and twenty. The governorship of Yūsuf b. ʿUmar al-Thaqafī over Iraq and some of his reports. When Yūsuf governed Iraq, Islam was humiliated and authority was in the hands of the dhimmis. Yaḥyā b. Nawfal said about him: He came to us while the people of shirk were the people of our zakāt and our judges in what we conceal and what we make public. When Yūsuf of goodness came to us, the earth shone for him until every valley was luminous, and until we saw justice among the people manifest, which had not appeared before from the ʿUqaylī. In verses. Then after that he said: He showed us, and the caliph when he cast us, along with sincerity, to the new man, like the people of the Fire when they called and were given to drink all together boiling water and pus. There were contradictory qualities in Yūsuf. He was long in prayer, constant in the mosque, strict in keeping his retinue and family away from the people, soft in speech, humble, good at managing, and given to much supplication and prayer. He would pray the dawn prayer and not speak to anyone until he had prayed the forenoon prayer, reciting the Qur'an and supplicating. He was knowledgeable in poetry and literature. He was also severe in punishment and excessive in striking bodies. He would take a new garment and run his fingernail over it; if the nap caught on his nail, he would beat its owner and perhaps cut off his hand. He was foolish. One day a garment was brought to him, and he said to his scribe: 'What do you say about this garment?' The scribe said: 'Its checks should have been smaller than they are.' So Yūsuf said to the weaver: 'He has spoken the truth, O son of the stinking woman!' The weaver said: 'We know better about this.' So Yūsuf said to his scribe: 'He has spoken the truth, O son of the stinking woman!' The scribe said: 'This man makes one or two garments in a year, while one hundred like this pass through my hands every year.' So Yūsuf said to the weaver: 'He has spoken the truth, O son of the stinking woman!' He kept calling first one a liar and then the other until he counted the checks of the garment and found it was one check short on one side. So he beat the weaver one hundred lashes. It is said: Yūsuf wanted to travel, so he called his slave girls and said to one of them: 'Will you go out with me?' She said: 'Yes.' He said: 'O wicked one, all this is from love of intercourse. O servant, strike her head!' He said to another: 'What do you say?' She said: 'I will stay with my child.' He said: 'O wicked one, all this is disdain for me? Strike her head!' He said to a third: 'What do you say?' She said: 'I do not know what to say. If I say what one of them said, I will not be safe from your punishment.' He said: 'O stinking one, do you contradict and argue? Strike her head!' So he struck them all. He was short with a huge beard. He would bring a long garment to have it cut for him to wear. If the tailor said he could cut it from it, he beat him. If the tailor said: 'It will not suffice us except after managing in the cutting,' it pleased him. So they would cut long garments for him and take what was fitting from the cloth, making him think the cloth was not enough, and he was satisfied with that. He has many odd things of this sort, among them that one day he said to a scribe of his: 'What kept you?' The scribe said: 'I had a toothache.' So he called for a cupper to extract it, and with it another tooth.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.