Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2537
The Year 114
وِلَايَةِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِرْمِينِيَّةَ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ وفِي سَنَةُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ اسْتَعْمَلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ، عَلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ وَإِرْمِينِيَّةَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي عَسْكَرِ مَسْلَمَةَ بِإِرْمِينِيَّةَ حِينَ غَزَا الْخَزَرُ، فَلَمَّا عَادَ مَسْلَمَةُ سَارَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى هِشَامٍ، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ بِهِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ سَبَبِ قُدُومِهِ فَقَالَ: ضِقْتُ ذَرْعًا بِمَا أَذْكُرُهُ، وَلَمْ أَرَ مَنْ يَحْمِلُهُ غَيْرِي ! قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ: قَالَ مَرْوَانُ: قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ دُخُولِ الْخَزَرِ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَقَتْلِ الْجَرَّاحِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهِ الْوَهْنُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ رَأَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يُوَجِّهَ أَخَاهُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا وَطِئَ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ إِلَّا أَدْنَاهَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَمَّا رَأَى كَثْرَةَ جَمْعِهِ أَعْجَبَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْخَزَرِ يُؤْذِنُهُمْ بِالْحَرْبِ، وَأَقَامَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَاسْتَعَدَّ الْقَوْمُ وَحَشَدُوا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ بِلَادَهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِيهِمْ نِكَايَةٌ، وَكَانَ قُصَارَاهُ السَّلَامَةُ، وَقَدْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَأْذَنَ لِي فِي غَزْوَةٍ أُذْهِبُ بِهَا عَنَّا الْعَارَ، وَأَنْتَقِمُ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ. قَالَ: قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَكَ. قَالَ: وَتُمِدُّنِي بِمِائَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ مُقَاتِلٍ ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ. قَالَ: وَتَكْتُمُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، وَقَدِ اسْتَعْمَلْتُكَ عَلَى إِرْمِينِيَّةَ. فَوَدَّعَهُ وَسَارَ إِلَى إِرْمِينِيَّةَ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا، وَسَيَّرَ هِشَامٌ الْجُنُودَ مِنَ الشَّامِ وَالْعِرَاقِ وَالْجَزِيرَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْجُنُودِ وَالْمُتَطَوِّعَةِ مِائَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا، فَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ غَزْوَ اللَّانِ وَقَصَدَ بِلَادَهُمْ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى مَلِكِ الْخَزَرِ يَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الْمُهَادَنَةَ، فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُقَرِّرُ الصُّلْحَ، فَأَمْسَكَ الرَّسُولَ عِنْدَهُ إِلَى أَنْ فَرَغَ مِنْ جَهَازِهِ وَمَا يُرِيدُ، ثُمَّ أَغْلَظَ لَهُمُ الْقَوْلَ وَآذَنَهُمْ بِالْحَرْبِ، وَسَيَّرَ الرَّسُولَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِذَلِكَ، وَوَكَّلَ بِهِ مَنْ يُسَيِّرُهُ عَلَى طَرِيقٍ فِيهِ بُعْدٌ، وَسَارَ هُوَ فِي أَقْرَبِ الطُّرُقِ، فَمَا وَصَلَ الرَّسُولُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ إِلَّا وَمَرْوَانُ قَدْ وَافَاهُمْ، فَأَعْلَمَ صَاحِبَهُ الْخَبَرَ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا جَمَعَ لَهُ مَرْوَانُ وَحَشَدَ وَاسْتَعَدَّ. فَاسْتَشَارَ مَلِكُ الْخَزَرِ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا قَدِ اغْتَرَّكَ وَدَخَلَ بِلَادَكَ، فَإِنْ أَقَمْتَ إِلَى أَنْ تَجْمَعَ لَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ عِنْدَكَ إِلَى مُدَّةٍ فَيَبْلُغُ مِنْكَ مَا يُرِيدُ، وَإِنْ أَنْتَ لَقِيتَهُ عَلَى حَالِكَ هَذِهِ هَزَمَكَ وَظَفِرَ بِكَ، وَالرَّأْيُ أَنْ تَتَأَخَّرَ إِلَى أَقْصَى بِلَادِكَ وَتَدَعَهُ وَمَا يُرِيدُ. فَقَبِلَ رَأْيَهُمْ وَسَارَ حَيْثُ أَمَرُوهُ. وَدَخَلَ مَرْوَانُ الْبِلَادَ وَأَوْغَلَ فِيهَا وَأَخْرَبَهَا وَغَنِمَ وَسَبَى وَانْتَهَى إِلَى آخِرِهَا، وَأَقَامَ فِيهَا عِدَّةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى أَذَلَّهُمْ وَانْتَقَمَ مِنْهُمْ، وَدَخَلَ بِلَادَ مَلِكِ السَّرِيرِ فَأَوْقَعَ بِأَهْلِهِ، وَفَتَحَ قِلَاعًا، وَدَانَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى أَلْفِ رَأْسٍ وَخَمْسِمِائَةِ غُلَامٍ وَخَمْسِمِائَةِ جَارِيَةٍ سُودِ الشُّعُورِ وَمِائَةِ أَلْفِ مُدْيٍ تُحْمَلُ إِلَى الْبَابِ، وَصَالَحَ مَرْوَانُ أَهْلَ تُومَانَ عَلَى مِائَةِ رَأْسٍ نِصْفَيْنِ، وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ مُدْيٍ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ أَرْضَ زِرِيكِرَانَ، فَصَالَحَهُ مَلِكُهَا، ثُمَّ أَتَى إِلَى أَرْضِ حَمْزِينَ، فَأَبَى حَمْزِينُ أَنْ يُصَالِحَهُ، فَحَصَرَهُمْ فَافْتَتَحَ حِصْنَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَتَى سُغْدَانَ فَافْتَتَحَهَا صُلْحًا، وَوَظَّفَ عَلَى طَيْرِ شَانْشَاهَ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ مُدْيٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ تُحْمَلُ إِلَى الْبَابِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ عَلَى قَلْعَةِ صَاحِبِ اللَّكْزِ، وَقَدِ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ أَدَاءِ الْوَظِيفَةِ، فَخَرَجَ مَلِكُ اللَّكْزِ يُرِيدُ مَلِكُ الْخَزَرِ، فَقَتَلَهُ رَاعٍ بِسَهْمٍ وَهُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ، فَصَالَحَ أَهْلُ اللَّكْزِ مَرْوَانَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَامِلًا، وَسَارَ إِلَى قَلْعَةِ شَرْوَانَ، وَهِيَ عَلَى الْبَحْرِ، فَأَذْعَنَ بِالطَّاعَةِ، وَسَارَ إِلَى الدُّودَانِيَّةِ فَأَوْقَعَ بِهِمْ ثُمَّ عَادَ.
Translation
✧ Marwān b. Muḥammad’s Governorship of Armenia and Azerbaijan In the year 114, Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik appointed Marwān b. Muḥammad b. Marwān—his paternal cousin—over the Jazīrah, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. The reason for that was that he had been in Maslamah’s army in Armenia when he raided the Khazar. When Maslamah returned, Marwān traveled to Hishām, and Hishām was unaware of him until he entered upon him. He asked him the reason for his coming, and Marwān said: “I have become distressed by what I can recall, and I saw no one to carry it except myself!” He said: “And what is it?” Marwān said: “The entry of the Khazar into the lands of Islam, and the killing of al-Jarrāḥ and other Muslims, brought weakness upon the Muslims. Then the Commander of the Faithful saw fit to send his brother Maslamah b. ʿAbd al-Malik against them. By God, he did not tread any of their land except its nearest part. Then, when he saw the great size of his gathering, that pleased him, so he wrote to the Khazar announcing war to them, and then remained after that for three months. The people prepared and mobilized. When he entered their land, he had no success against them, and his utmost was safety. I want you to permit me to undertake a raid by which I may remove the shame from us and take revenge upon the enemy.” He said: “I have permitted you.” He said: “And will you reinforce me with one hundred and twenty thousand fighting men?” He said: “I have done so.” He said: “And will you conceal this matter from everyone?” He said: “I have done so, and I have appointed you governor over Armenia.” So he bade him farewell and set out to Armenia as its governor. Hishām dispatched the troops from Syria, Iraq, and the Jazīrah, and there gathered with him from the troops and volunteers one hundred and twenty thousand. He made a show that he intended to raid the Lan, and he headed for their land. He sent to the king of the Khazar seeking a truce from him. The king agreed to that and sent to him someone to settle the peace. Marwān detained the envoy with him until he had finished his preparations and what he intended. Then he spoke harshly to them, announced war to them, sent the envoy back to his master with that, and assigned someone to take him by a route with a detour. Marwān himself marched by the nearest roads. The envoy had not reached his master but Marwān had already arrived upon them. The envoy informed his master of the news and told him what Marwān had gathered, mobilized, and prepared against him. The king of the Khazar consulted his companions, and they said: “This man has deceived you and entered your land. If you stay until you gather your forces, they will not assemble for a while, and he will achieve from you what he wants. If you meet him in your present state, he will defeat you and capture you. The right course is to withdraw to the farthest part of your land and leave him and what he wants.” He accepted their advice and marched where they commanded him. Marwān entered the land, penetrated deep into it, destroyed it, took spoils and captives, and reached its farthest end. He stayed there for several days until he humbled them and took revenge upon them. He entered the land of the King of al-Sarīr and inflicted losses on its people. He conquered fortresses, and the king submitted to him and made peace with him for one thousand heads, five hundred slave boys, five hundred slave girls with black hair, and one hundred thousand mudy to be delivered to the Bāb. Marwān made peace with the people of Tūmān for one hundred heads in two halves and twenty thousand mudy. Then he entered the land of Zirīkirān, and its king made peace with him. Then he came to the land of Ḥamzīn, but Ḥamzīn refused to make peace with him, so he besieged them and conquered their fortress. Then he came to Sughdān and conquered it by treaty. He imposed on the lord of Ṭayr Shānshāh ten thousand mudy every year to be delivered to the Bāb. Then he camped at the fortress of the lord of al-Lakz, who had refused to pay the tribute. The king of al-Lakz went out intending to reach the king of the Khazar, but a shepherd killed him with an arrow while not recognizing him. The people of al-Lakz made peace with Marwān, and he appointed a governor over them. He marched to the fortress of Sharwān, which is on the sea, and it submitted in obedience. He marched to the Dūdāniyyah and inflicted losses on them, then returned.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.