Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2459
The Year 102
غَزْوِ التُّرْكِ لَمَّا وَلِيَ سَعِيدٌ خُرَاسَانَ اسْتَضْعَفَهُ النَّاسُ وَسَمَّوْهُ خُذَيْنَةَ، وَكَانَ قَدِ اسْتَعْمَلَ شُعْبَةَ عَلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ، فَطَمِعَتِ التُّرْكُ، فَجَمَعَهُمْ خَاقَانُ وَوَجَّهَهُمْ إِلَى الصُّغْدِ، وَعَلَى التُّرْكِ كُورْ صُولَ، فَأَقْبَلُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا بِقَصْرِ الْبَاهِلِيِّ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ عَظِيمٌ مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ الدَّهَاقِينِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَاهِلَةَ كَانَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْقَصْرِ، فَأَبَتْ، فَاسْتَجَاشَ، وَرَجَوْا أَنْ يَسْبُوا مَنْ فِي الْقَصْرِ، فَأَقْبَلَ كُورْ صُولَ حَتَّى حَصَرَ أَهْلَ الْقَصْرِ، وَفِيهِ مِائَةُ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ بِذَرَارِيهِمْ، وَكَانَ عَلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، قَدِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ سَعِيدٌ بَعْدَ شُعْبَةَ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَخَافُوا أَنْ يُبْطِئَ عَنْهُمُ الْمُدَدُ فَصَالَحُوا التُّرْكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَعْطَوْهُمْ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا رَهِينَةً. وَنَدَبَ عُثْمَانُ النَّاسَ، فَانْتَدَبَ الْمُسَيَّبَ بْنَ بِشْرٍ الرِّيَاحَيَّ، وَانْتَدَبَ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْقَبَائِلِ، وَفِيهِمْ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ ظُهَيْرٍ، وَثَابِتُ قُطْنَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ الْفُرْسَانِ، فَلَمَّا عَسْكَرُوا، قَالَ لَهُمُ الْمُسَيَّبُ: إِنَّكُمْ تُقْدِمُونَ عَلَى حَلْبَةِ التُّرْكِ عَلَيْهِمْ خَاقَانُ، وَالْعِوَضُ إِنْ صَبَرْتُمُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَالْعِقَابُ إِنْ فَرَرْتُمُ النَّارُ، فَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْغَزْوَ وَالصَّبْرَ فَلْيُقْدِمْ، فَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ أَلْفٌ وَثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ، فَلَمَّا سَارَ فَرْسَخًا رَجَعَ بِمِثْلِ مَقَالَتِهِ الْأُولَى، فَاعْتَزَلَهُ أَلْفٌ، ( ثُمَّ سَارَ فَرْسَخًا آخَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، فَاعْتَزَلَهُ أَلْفٌ، ثُمَّ سَارَ ) فَلَمَّا كَانَ عَلَى فَرْسَخَيْنِ مِنْهُمْ نَزَلَ، فَأَتَاهُمْ تُرْكُ خَاقَانَ مَلِكُ ( قِي ) فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَبْقَ هَاهُنَا دِهْقَانٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ بَايَعَ التُّرْكَ غَيْرِي، وَأَنَا فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ مُقَاتِلٍ، فَهُمْ مَعَكَ، وَعِنْدِي الْخَبَرُ قَدْ كَانُوا صَالَحُوهُمْ، وَأَعْطَوْهُمْ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا يَكُونُونَ رَهِينَةً فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ، حَتَّى يَأْخُذُوا صُلْحَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ مَسِيُرُكُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ قَتَلُوا الرَّهَائِنَ، وَمِيعَادُهُمْ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا غَدًا وَيَفْتَحُوا لَهُمُ الْقَصْرَ. فَبَعَثَ الْمُسَيَّبُ رَجُلَيْنِ، رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَجَمِ، لِيَعْلَمَا عِلْمَ الْقَوْمِ، فَأَقْبَلَا فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ وَقَدْ أَخَذَتِ التُّرْكُ الْمَاءَ فِي نَوَاحِي الْقَصْرِ، فَلَيْسَ يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ، وَدَنَوْا مِنَ الْقَصْرِ، فَصَاحَ بِهِمَا الرَّبِيئَةُ، فَقَالَا لَهُ: اسْكُتْ وَادْعُ لَنَا عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ دِثَارٍ. فَدَعَاهُ، فَأَعْلَمَاهُ بِقُرْبِ الْمُسَيَّبِ مِنْهُمْ، وَقَالَا: هَلْ عِنْدَكُمُ امْتِنَاعٌ اللَّيْلَةَ وَغَدًا ؟ قَالُوا: قَدْ أَجْمَعْنَا عَلَى تَقْدِيمِ نِسَائِنَا لِلْمَوْتِ أَمَامَنَا، حَتَّى نَمُوتَ جَمِيعًا غَدًا. فَرَجِعَا إِلَى الْمُسَيَّبِ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ، فَقَالَ لِمَنْ مَعَهُ: إِنِّي سَائِرٌ إِلَى هَذَا الْعَدُوِّ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ فَلْيَذْهَبْ، فَلَمْ يُفَارِقْهُ أَحَدٌ وَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ. فَأَصْبَحَ وَسَارَ وَقَدِ ازْدَادَ الْقَصْرُ تَحْصِينًا بِالْمَاءِ الَّذِي أَجْرَاهُ التُّرْكُ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ التُّرْكِ نِصْفُ فَرْسَخٍ نَزَلَ وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ عَلَى بَيَاتِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ بِالصَّبْرِ وَحَثَّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: لِيَكُنْ شِعَارُكُمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، وَلَا تَتْبَعُوا مُوَلِّيًا، وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالدَّوَابِّ فَاعْقِرُوهَا، فَإِنَّهَا إِذَا عُقِرَتْ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْكُمْ، وَلَيْسَتْ بِكُمْ قِلَّةٌ، فَإِنَّ سَبْعَمِائَةِ سَيْفٍ لَا يُضْرَبُ بِهَا فِي عَسْكَرٍ إِلَّا أَوْهَنُوهُ وَإِنْ كَثُرَ أَهْلُهُ. وَجَعَلَ عَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ كَثِيرًا الدَّبُّوسِيَّ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ ثَابِتُ قُطْنَةَ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْهُمْ، كَبَّرُوا، وَذَلِكَ فِي السَّحَرَ، وَثَارَ التُّرْكُ وَخَالَطَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَعَقَرُوا الدَّوَابَّ، وَتَرَجَّلَ الْمُسَيَّبُ فِي رِجَالٍ مَعَهُ، فَقَاتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَانْقَطَعَتْ يَمِينُ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الْمُرَائِيِّ، فَأَخَذَ السَّيْفَ بِشَمَالِهِ فَقُطِعَتْ، فَجَعَلَ يَذُبُّ بِيَدَيْهِ حَتَّى اسْتُشْهِدَ. وَضَرَبَ ثَابِتُ قُطْنَةَ عَظِيمًا مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ التُّرْكِ، فَقَتَلَهُ، وَانْهَزَمَتِ التُّرْكُ، وَنَادَى مُنَادِي الْمُسَيَّبِ: لَا تَتْبَعُوهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ مِنَ الرُّعْبِ أَتَّبَعْتُمُوهُمْ أَمْ لَا، وَاقْصُدُوا الْقَصْرَ، وَلَا تَحْمِلُوا إِلَّا الْمَاءَ، وَلَا تَحْمِلُوا إِلَّا مَنْ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْمَشْيِ، وَمَنْ حَمَلَ امْرَأَةً أَوْ صَبِيًّا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا; حِسْبَةً، فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ أَبَى فَلَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْقَصْرِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ عَهْدِكُمْ فَاحْمِلُوهُ. فَحَمَلُوا مَنْ فِي الْقَصْرِ وَأَتَوْا تُرْكَ خَاقَانَ، فَأَنْزَلَهُمْ قَصْرَهُ وَأَتَاهُمْ بِطَعَامٍ، ثُمَّ سَارُوا إِلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ. وَرَجَعَتِ التُّرْكُ مِنَ الْغَدِ، فَلَمْ يَرَوْا فِي الْقَصْرِ أَحَدًا، وَرَأَوْا قَتْلَاهُمْ فَقَالُوا: لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِي جَاءَنَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ، فَقَالَ ثَابِتُ قُطْنَةَ: فَدَتْ نَفْسِي فَوَارِسَ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ غَدَاةَ الرَّوْعِ فِي ضَنْكِ الْمَقَامِ فَدَتْ نَفْسِي فَوَارِسَ أَكْنَفُونِي عَلَى الْأَعْدَاءِ فِي رَهَجِ الْقَتَامِ بِقَصْرِ الْبَاهِلِيِّ وَقَدْ رَأَوْنِي أُحَامِي حَيْثُ ضَنَّ بِهِ الْمُحَامِي بِسَيْفِي بَعْدَ حَطْمِ الرُّمْحِ قُدْمًا أَذَوْدُهُمُ بِذِي شُطَبٍ حُسَامِ أُكِرُّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْيَحْمُومَ كَرًا كَكَرِّ الشَّرْبِ آنِيَةَ الْمُدَامِ أَكُرُّ بِهِ لَدَى الْغَمَرَاتِ حَتَّى تَجَلَّتْ لَا يَضِيقُ بِهِ مَقَامِي فَلَوْلَا اللَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ وَضَرْبِي قَوْنَسَ الْمَلِكِ الْهُمَامِ إِذًا لَسَعَتْ نِسَاءُ بَنِي دِثَارٍ أَمَامَ التُّرْكِ بَادِيَةَ الْخِدَامِ فَمَنْ مِثْلُ الْمُسَيَّبِ فِي تَمِيمٍ أَبِي بِشْرٍ كَقَادِمَةِ الْحَمَامِ وَعَوِرَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ الطَّائِيُّ، وَشُلَّتْ يَدُهُ، وَكَانَ قَدْ وَلِيَ وِلَايَةً قَبْلَ سَعِيدٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ سَعِيدٌ بِشَيْءٍ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى شَدَّادِ بْنِ خُلَيْدٍ الْبَاهِلِيِّ لِيَسْتَأْدِيَهُ، فَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِ شَدَّادٌ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قَيْسٍ سِرْتُ إِلَى قَصْرِ الْبَاهِلِيِّ وَأَنَا شَدِيدُ الْبَطْشِ حَدِيدُ الْبَصَرِ، فَعَوِرْتُ وَشُلَّتْ يَدِي، وَقَاتَلْتُ حَتَّى اسْتَنْقَذْنَاهُمْ بَعْدَمَا أَشْرَفُوا عَلَى الْقَتْلِ وَالْأَسْرِ وَالسَّبْيِ، وَهَذَا صَاحِبُكُمْ يَصْنَعُ بِي مَا يَصْنَعُ فَكُفُّوهُ عَنِّي، فَخَلَّاهُ. قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ بِالْقَصْرِ: لَمَّا الْتَقَوْا ظَنَنَّا أَنَّ الْقِيَامَةَ قَدْ قَامَتْ لِمَا سَمِعْنَا مِنْ هَمَاهِمِ الْقَوْمِ، وَوَقَعِ الْحَدِيدِ، وَصَهِيلِ الْخَيْلِ.
Translation
✧ The Raid on the Turks When Saʿīd was appointed over Khurāsān, the people deemed him weak and called him Khudhayna. He had appointed Shuʿba over Samarqand, then dismissed him. The Turks became covetous, and the Khāqān gathered them and dispatched them to al-Ṣughd, with Kūr Ṣūl in command of the Turks. They advanced and encamped at the palace of al-Bāhilī. It was said: A great one among the great dihqāns wanted to marry a woman from Bāhila who was in that palace, but she refused, so he sought aid, and they hoped to capture those in the palace. Kūr Ṣūl advanced and besieged the people of the palace, in which there were a hundred households with their offspring. Over Samarqand was ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭarrif b. al-Shikhkhīr, whom Saʿīd had appointed after Shuʿba. They wrote to him, and fearing that reinforcements would be slow to reach them, they made peace with the Turks for forty thousand, and gave them seventeen men as hostages. ʿUthmān called upon the people, and al-Musayyab b. Bishr al-Riyāḥī volunteered, and with him four thousand from all the tribes volunteered, among them Shuʿba b. Ẓuhayr, Thābit Quṭna, and other horsemen. When they encamped, al-Musayyab said to them: "You are advancing upon the vanguard of the Turks, over whom is the Khāqān. The reward, if you are patient, is Paradise, and the punishment, if you flee, is the Fire. Whoever desires the raid and patience, let him advance." One thousand three hundred turned back from him. When he had marched a farsakh, he repeated the like of his first speech, and a thousand left him. Then he marched another farsakh and said the like of that to them, and a thousand left him. Then he marched, and when he was two farsakhs from them, he halted. The Turk of the Khāqān, the king of (Qī), came to him and said: "No dihqān remains here but has pledged allegiance to the Turks except me, and I have three hundred fighters. They are with you. I have the news: they had made peace with them and given them seventeen men to be hostages in their hands until they received their peace settlement. When your march against them reached them, they killed the hostages. Their appointed time is to fight tomorrow and open the palace for them." Al-Musayyab sent two men, one from the Arabs and one from the non-Arabs, to learn the state of the people. They approached on a dark night, and the Turks had diverted the water around the palace, so no one could reach it. They drew near the palace, and the watchman shouted at them. They said to him: "Be quiet and summon ʿAbd al-Malik b. Dithār for us." He summoned him, and they informed him of the proximity of al-Musayyab to them, and said: "Do you have the means to resist tonight and tomorrow?" They said: "We have resolved to put our women forward to death before us, so that we all die tomorrow." They returned to al-Musayyab and informed him. He said to those with him: "I am going to this enemy, and whoever wishes to leave, let him leave." No one left him, and they pledged allegiance to him unto death. He set out in the morning and marched, while the palace had become even more fortified by the water the Turks had let flow. When he was half a farsakh from the Turks, he halted, having resolved to attack them by night. When evening came, he commanded his companions to be steadfast and urged them to it, and said: "Let your watchword be 'Yā Muḥammad,' and do not pursue anyone who flees. Set upon the mounts and hamstring them, for when they are hamstrung that is harder on them than you. You are not few, for seven hundred swords, when struck in an army, do not but weaken it, even if its people are many." He placed Kathīr al-Dabbūsī over his right wing, and Thābit Quṭna—who was of al-Azd—over his left wing. When they drew near them, they shouted 'Allāhu akbar,' and that was in the last part of the night. The Turks rose, and the Muslims mingled with them and hamstrung the mounts. Al-Musayyab dismounted with men with him, and they fought a fierce fight. The right hand of al-Bakhtarī al-Murāʾī was cut off, and he took the sword with his left, and it was cut off, and he began to fend with his hands until he was martyred. Thābit Quṭna struck a great one of the great men of the Turks and killed him. The Turks were routed, and the crier of al-Musayyab called out: "Do not pursue them, for they do not know, out of terror, whether you are pursuing them or not. Aim for the palace, and carry nothing but water, and carry only those who are able to walk. Whoever carries a woman or a child or a weak person, seeking reward, his reward is with God. Whoever refuses, he has forty dirhams. If there is anyone in the palace from the people of your covenant, carry him." They carried those in the palace and came to the Turk of the Khāqān, and he lodged them in his palace and brought them food. Then they marched to Samarqand. The Turks returned the next day and saw no one in the palace, and saw their slain, and said: "What came to us was not of humans." Thābit Quṭna said: May my soul ransom horsemen of Tamīm, On the day of terror, in the narrow strait of the station. May my soul ransom horsemen who surrounded me, Against the enemies, in the dust of battle. At the palace of al-Bāhilī, they had seen me Defending where the defender was stingy. With my sword, after the breaking of the spear, advancing, I drive them with a sharp, finely-notched blade. I wheel upon them the deep-black horse, wheeling Like the wheeling of drinkers among the vessels of wine. I wheel with him amid the horrors, until It became clear—my station is not too narrow for him. Had it not been for God, who has no partner, And my striking the helmet-crest of the heroic king, Then the women of Banū Dithār would have been driven Before the Turks, their anklets exposed. Who is like al-Musayyab among Tamīm, Abū Bishr, like the leading feather of a dove? That night Muʿāwiya b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Ṭāʾī lost an eye, and his hand was paralyzed. He had held a governorship before Saʿīd, and Saʿīd seized him for something that remained against him, and handed him to Shaddād b. Khulayd al-Bāhilī to exact it from him. Shaddād put pressure on him, and Muʿāwiya said: "O assembly of Qays, I marched to the palace of al-Bāhilī while I was strong in might and keen of sight, and I lost an eye and my hand was paralyzed, and I fought until we rescued them after they were on the verge of being killed, captured, and taken captive. And this companion of yours does to me what he does, so restrain him from me." So he released him. Some of those who were in the palace said: "When they met, we thought the Hour had arisen, because of what we heard of the murmurings of the people, the clash of iron, and the neighing of horses."
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