Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2443
The Year 101
تَرْجَمَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْأُمَوِيِّ الْإِمَامِ الْمَشْهُورِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَأَكْرَمَ مَثْوَاهُ هُوَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ أَبُو حَفْصٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْأُمَوِيُّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأُمُّهُ أُمُّ عَاصِمٍ لَيْلَى بِنْتُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ: أَشَجُّ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ. وَكَانَ يُقَالُ: الْأَشَجُّ وَالنَّاقِصُ أَعْدَلَا بَنِي مَرْوَانَ. فَهَذَا هُوَ الْأَشَجُّ،. مرويات عمر بن عبد العزيز كَانَ عُمَرُ تَابِعِيًّا جَلِيلًا، رَوَى عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَالسَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَيُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، وَيُوسُفُ صَحَابِيٌّ صَغِيرٌ. وَرَوَى عَنْ خَلْقٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ. وَعَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: لَا أَرَى قَوْلَ أَحَدٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ حُجَّةً إِلَّا قَوْلَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ. بُويِعَ لَهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ بَعْدَ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ عَهْدٍ مِنْهُ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. مولد عمر بن عبد العزيز وإخوته وَيُقَالُ: كَانَ مَوْلِدُهُ فِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَسِتِّينَ وَهِيَ السَّنَةُ الَّتِي قُتِلَ فِيهَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ؓ بِمِصْرَ. قَالَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَكَانَ لَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ، وَلَكِنِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ مِنْ أَبَوَيْهِ; أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعَاصِمٌ وَمُحَمَّدٌ وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ بسنده عَنِ اللَّيْثِ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَأَى فِي الْمَنَامِ لَيْلَةَ وُلِدَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَوْ لَيْلَةَ وَلِيَ الْخِلَافَةَ شَكَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَّ مُنَادِيًا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ يُنَادِي: أَتَاكُمُ اللِّينُ وَالدِّينُ، وَإِظْهَارُ الْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ فِي الْمُصَلِّينَ. فَقُلْتُ: وَمَنْ هُوَ؟ فَنَزَلَ فَكَتَبَ فِي الْأَرْضِ: عُمَرُ. وَقَالَ آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ بسنده عن أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ثَرْوَانُ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى إِصْطَبْلِ أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ، فَضَرَبَهُ فَرَسٌ فَشَجَّهُ، فَجَعَلَ أَبُوهُ يَمْسَحُ عَنْهُ الدَّمَ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنْ كُنْتَ أَشَجَّ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ إِنَّكَ إِذًا لَسَعِيدٌ. وَقَالَ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي قُبَيْلٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَكَى، وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ صَغِيرٌ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ أُمَّهُ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ؟ قَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ الْمَوْتَ. فَبَكَتْ أُمُّهُ. وَكَانَ قَدْ جَمَعَ الْقُرْآنَ وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ صَغِيرٌ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْحِزَامِيُّ: كَانَ أَبُوهُ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ عِنْدَ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ يُؤَدِّبُهُ، فَلَمَّا حَجَّ أَبُوهُ اجْتَازَ بِهِ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: مَا خَبَرْتُ أَحَدًا اللَّهُ أَعْظَمُ فِي صَدْرِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْغُلَامِ. وَرَوَى يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ تَأَخَّرَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ الْجَمَاعَةِ يَوْمًا، فَقَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ مَا شَغَلَكَ؟ فَقَالَ: كَانَتْ مُرَجِّلَتِي تُسَكِّنُ شَعْرِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَقَدَّمْتَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ؟ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ عَلَى مِصْرَ يُعْلِمُهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَبَعَثَ أَبُوهُ رَسُولًا فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ. وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ، فَبَلَغَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ يَنْتَقِصُ عَلِيًّا، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ عُمَرُ أَعْرَضَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْهُ، وَقَامَ يُصَلِّي فَجَلَسَ عُمَرُ يَنْتَظِرُهُ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عُمَرَ مُغْضَبًا، وَقَالَ لَهُ: مَتَى بَلَغَكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخِطَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ؟ قَالَ: فَفَهِمَهَا عُمَرُ، وَقَالَ: مَعْذِرَةً إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْكَ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَعُودُ. قَالَ: فَمَا سُمِعَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَذْكُرُ عَلِيًّا إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ: بسنده عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَابِ يَعْنِي بَابًا مِنْ أَبْوَابِ مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: بَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا الْفَاسِقُ بِابْنِهِ هَذَا يَتَعَلَّمُ الْفَرَائِضَ وَالسُّنَنَ، وَيَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَنْ يَمُوتَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ خَلِيفَةً وَيَسِيرُ بِسِيرَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ. قَالَ دَاوُدُ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا ذَلِكَ فِيهِ. وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ حَدَّثَنِي الْعُتْبِيُّ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا اسْتُبْيِنَ مِنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِرْصُهُ عَلَى الْعِلْمِ وَرَغْبَتُهُ فِي الْأَدَبِ - أَنَّ أَبَاهُ وَلِيَ مِصْرَ وَهُوَ حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ، يُشَكُّ فِي بُلُوغِهِ، فَأَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَهُ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَهْ، أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَكُونُ أَنْفَعَ لِي وَلَكَ؟ تُرَحِّلُنِي إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَأَقْعُدُ إِلَى فُقَهَاءِ أَهْلِهَا وَأَتَأَدَّبُ بِآدَابِهِمْ. فَوَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَعَدَ مَعَ مَشَايِخِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَتَجَنَّبَ شَبَابَهُمْ، وَمَا زَالَ ذَلِكَ دَأْبَهُ حَتَّى اشْتَهَرَ ذِكْرُهُ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُوهُ أَخَذَهُ عَمُّهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ فَخَلَطَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ، وَقَدَّمَهُ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَزَوَّجَهُ بِابْنَتِهِ فَاطِمَةَ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي يَقُولُ فِيهَا الشَّاعِرُ: بِنْتُ الْخَلِيفَةِ وَالْخَلِيفَةُ جَدُّهَا أُخْتُ الْخَلَائِفِ وَالْخَلِيفَةُ زَوْجُهَا قَالَ: وَلَا نَعْرِفُ امْرَأَةً بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ إِلَى يَوْمِنَا هَذَا سِوَاهَا. قَالَ الْعُتْبِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ حَاسِدُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَنْقِمُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا سِوَى مُتَابَعَتِهِ فِي النِّعْمَةِ، وَالِاخْتِيَالِ فِي الْمِشْيَةِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ: الْكَامِلُ مَنْ عُدَّتْ هَفَوَاتُهُ، وَلَا تُعَدُّ إِلَّا مِنْ قِلَّةٍ. وَدَخَلَ يَوْمًا عَلَى عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَهُوَ يَتَجَانَفُ فِي مِشْيَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا عُمَرُ، مَا لَكَ تَمْشِي غَيْرَ مِشْيَتِكَ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ فِيَّ جُرْحًا. فَقَالَ: وَأَيْنَ هُوَ مِنْ جَسَدِكَ؟ قَالَ: بَيْنَ الرَّانِفَةِ وَالصَّفَنِ يَعْنِي بَيْنَ طَرَفِ الْأَلْيَةِ وَجِلْدَةِ الْخِصْيَةِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ لِرَوْحِ بْنِ زِنْبَاعٍ: بِاللَّهِ لَوْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذَا مَا أَجَابَ هَذَا الْجَوَابَ. قَالُوا: وَلَمَّا مَاتَ عَمُّهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ حَزِنَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَبِسَ الْمُسُوحَ تَحْتَ ثِيَابِهِ سَبْعِينَ يَوْمًا. وَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الْوَلِيدُ عَامَلَهُ بِمَا كَانَ أَبُوهُ يُعَامِلُهُ بِهِ، وَوَلَّاهُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَمَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفَ مِنْ سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَثَمَانِينَ إِلَى سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، وَأَقَامَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ وَسَنَةَ تِسْعِينَ، وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ الْوَلِيدُ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ عُمَرُ سَنَةَ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَبَنَى فِي مُدَّةِ وِلَايَتِهِ هَذِهِ مَسْجِدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَوَسَّعَهُ عَنْ أَمْرِ الْوَلِيدِ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَدَخَلَ فِيهِ قَبْرُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ مُعَاشَرَةً، وَأَعْدَلِهِمْ سِيرَةً; كَانَ إِذَا وَقَعَ لَهُ أَمْرٌ مُشْكِلٌ جَمَعَ فُقَهَاءَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ عَيَّنَ عَشَرَةً مِنْهُمْ، وَكَانَ لَا يَقْطَعُ أَمْرًا بِدُونِهِمْ أَوْ مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْهُمْ، وَهُمْ: عُرْوَةُ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي خَثْمَةَ وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَالْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَخَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ. وَكَانَ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ قَوْلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَقَدْ كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ لَا يَأْتِي أَحَدًا مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ وَكَانَ يَأْتِي إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، بسنده عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْلَةَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَبِهَا ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَغَيْرُهُ وَقَدْ نَدَبَهُمْ عُمَرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَأْيًا. وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ بسنده عن قَادِمٌ الْبَرْبَرِيُّ، أَنَّهُ ذَاكَرَ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ شَيْئًا مِنْ قَضَايَا عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِذْ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبِيعَةُ: كَأَنَّكَ تَقُولُ: أَخْطَأَ. وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا أَخْطَأَ قَطُّ. وَثَبَتَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: مَا صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ إِمَامٍ أَشْبَهَ صَلَاةَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَتَى يَعْنِي عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِينَ كَانَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. قَالُوا: وَكَانَ يُتِمُّ الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ وَيُخَفِّفُ الْقِيَامَ وَالْقُعُودَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُسَبِّحُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ عَشْرًا عَشْرًا. علم عمر بن عبد العزيز وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، قَالَ: لَقِيتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ خَارِجًا مِنْ عِنْدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مِنْ عِنْدِ عُمَرَ خَرَجْتَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: تُعَلِّمُونَهُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقُلْتُ: هُوَ وَاللَّهِ أَعْلَمُكُمْ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: أَتَيْنَاهُ نُعَلِّمُهُ فَمَا بَرِحْنَا حَتَّى تَعَلَّمْنَا مِنْهُ. وَقَالَ مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ كَانَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ تَلَامِذَةً. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَالَ مَيْمُونٌ: كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مُعَلِّمَ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ كَانَ قَدْ صَحِبَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَسْتَعْمِلُهُ عَلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ قَالَ: مَا الْتَمَسْنَا عِلْمَ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا وَجَدْنَا عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِأَصْلِهِ وَفَرْعِهِ، وَمَا كَانَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَّا تَلَامِذَةً. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ طَاوُسٍ: رَأَيْتُ أَبِي تَوَاقَفَ هُوَ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنْ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحْنَا، فَلَمَّا افْتَرَقَا قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَهْ، مَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ مِنْ صَالِحِي هَذَا الْبَيْتِ، يَعْنِي بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: مَا كَانَ بَدْءُ إِنَابَتِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ ضَرْبَ غُلَامٍ لِي فَقَالَ لِي: اذْكُرْ لَيْلَةً صَبِيحَتُهَا يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. عزل عمر بن عبد العزيز عن المدينة وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ: لَمَّا عُزِلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ الْمَدِينَةِ يَعْنِي فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهَا وَبَكَى، وَقَالَ لِمَوْلَاهُ: يَا مُزَاحِمُ، نَخْشَى أَنْ نَكُونَ مِمَّنْ نَفَتِ الْمَدِينَةُ. يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْمَدِينَةَ تَنْفِي خَبَثَهَا كَمَا يَنْفِي الْكِيرُ خَبَثَ الْحَدِيدِ، وَتَنْصَعُ طِيبَهَا. قُلْتُ: خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَنَزَلَ بِمَكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنْهَا يُقَالُ لَهُ: السُّوَيْدَاءُ حِينًا، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ دِمَشْقَ عَلَى بَنِي عَمِّهِ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَقُولُ: خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْلَمَ مِنِّي، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ نَسِيتُ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: سَهِرْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَقَالَ: كُلُّ مَا حَدَّثْتَ فَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ، وَلَكِنْ حَفِظْتَ وَنَسِيتُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، بسنده عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ الْوَلِيدُ ذَاتَ سَاعَةٍ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ عَابِسٌ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيَّ أَنِ اجْلِسْ فَجَلَسَتْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِيمَنْ يَسُبُّ الْخُلَفَاءَ أَيُقْتَلُ ؟ فَسَكَتُّ ثُمَّ عَادَ فَسَكَتُّ ثُمَّ عَادَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَقَتَلَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنْ سَبَّ. فَقُلْتُ: يُنَكَّلُ بِهِ. فَغَضِبَ وَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَقَالَ لِي ابْنُ الرَّيَّانِ السَّيَّافُ: اذْهَبْ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَمَا تَهُبُّ رِيحٌ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ رَسُولٌ يَرُدُّنِي إِلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ زُفَرَ: أَقْبَلَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَعَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَلَى مُعَسْكَرِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَفِيهِ تِلْكَ الْخُيُولُ وَالْجِمَالُ وَالْبِغَالُ وَالْأَثْقَالُ وَالرِّجَالُ، فَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا عُمَرُ فِي هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: أَرَى دُنْيَا يَأْكُلُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا وَأَنْتَ الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ. فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَبُوا مِنَ الْمُعَسْكَرِ إِذَا غُرَابٌ قَدْ أَخَذَ لُقْمَةً فِي فِيهِ مِنْ فُسْطَاطِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَهُوَ طَائِرٌ بِهَا وَنَعَبَ نَعْبَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا يَا عُمَرُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي. فَقَالَ: مَا ظَنُّكَ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: كَأَنَّهُ يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَتْ؟ وَأَيْنَ يُذْهَبُ بِهَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ: مَا أَعْجَبَكَ!! فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَعْجَبُ مِنِّي مَنْ عَرَفَ اللَّهَ فَعَصَاهُ، وَمَنْ عَرَفَ الشَّيْطَانَ فَأَطَاعَهُ. وَذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ أَنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ وَعُمَرَ تَقَاوَلَا مَرَّةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ فِي جُمْلَةِ الْكَلَامِ: كَذَبْتَ. فَقَالَ: تَقُولُ لِي: كَذَبْتَ ؟ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَذَبْتُ مُنْذُ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ الْكَذِبَ يَضُرُّ أَهْلَهُ. ثُمَّ هَجَرَهُ عُمَرُ وَعَزَمَ عَلَى الرَّحِيلِ إِلَى مِصْرَ، فَلَمْ يُمَكِّنْهُ سُلَيْمَانُ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَصَالَحَهُ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا عَرَضَ لِي أَمْرٌ يَهُمُّنِي إِلَّا خَطَرْتَ عَلَى بَالِي. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا حَضَرَتْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْوَفَاةُ، أَوْصَى بِالْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، فَانْتَظَمَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ.
Translation
✧ The biography of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Umawī, the renowned imam, may God have mercy on him and honor his resting place. He is ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayyah b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf, Abū Ḥafṣ al-Qurashī al-Umawī, Commander of the Faithful. His mother was Umm ʿĀṣim Laylā bt. ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. He was called the “Ashajj” of Banū Marwān. It was said: “Al-Ashajj and al-Nāqiṣ were the most just of Banū Marwān.” This is the one who is al-Ashajj. The narrations of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz: ʿUmar was a venerable follower (tābiʿī). He narrated from Anas b. Mālik, al-Sāʾib b. Yazīd, and Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām. Yūsuf was a young companion. He also narrated from many of the tābiʿūn. From him narrated a group of the tābiʿūn and others. Imam Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: "I do not consider the statement of any of the tābiʿūn as a proof except the statement of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz." He was pledged allegiance to the caliphate after his cousin Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik, according to a covenant from him for that, as previously mentioned. The birth of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and his brothers: It is said: His birth was in the year sixty-one, which is the year in which al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī ؓ was killed in Egypt. More than one said this. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: He was born in the year sixty-three. It was also said: in the year fifty-nine. God knows best. He had a number of brothers, but those who were from the same parents were: Abū Bakr, ʿĀṣim, and Muḥammad. Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah said with his chain of transmission from al-Layth, who said: "It reached me that ʿImrān b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah used to relate that a man saw in a dream on the night when ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was born—or on the night when he assumed the caliphate, Abū Bakr was uncertain—that a caller between heaven and earth called out: 'Gentleness and religion have come to you, and the manifestation of righteous deeds among those who pray.' I said: 'Who is he?' Then he descended and wrote on the ground: 'ʿUmar.'" Ādam b. Abī Iyās said with his chain of transmission from Abū ʿAlī Tharwān, the client of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, who said: "ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz entered his father's stable while he was a boy, and a horse struck him and gashed his head. His father began wiping the blood from him and saying: 'If you are the Ashajj of Banū Umayyah, then you are indeed fortunate.'" Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād said with his chain of transmission from Abū Qubayl that ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz wept while he was a small boy. His mother learned of that and sent for him and said: "What makes you weep?" He said: "I remembered death." So his mother wept. He had memorized the Qurʾān while he was a small boy. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. ʿUthmān al-Ḥizāmī said: "His father had placed him with Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān to discipline him. When his father performed the pilgrimage, he passed by him in Madinah and asked about him, and he said: 'I have not encountered anyone in whose heart God is greater than this boy.'" Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān narrated that ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was once late for the congregational prayer. Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān said: "What kept you?" He said: "My hair-dresser was smoothing my hair." He said to him: "You gave precedence to that over the prayer?" And he wrote to his father, who was over Egypt, informing him of that. His father sent a messenger and did not speak to him until he had shaved his head. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz used to frequent ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh to hear from him. It reached ʿUbayd Allāh that ʿUmar spoke disparagingly of ʿAlī. When ʿUmar came to him, ʿUbayd Allāh turned away from him and stood to pray. ʿUmar sat waiting for him. When he finished the prayer, he turned to ʿUmar angrily and said to him: "When did you learn that God became angry with the people of Badr after He was pleased with them?" He said: ʿUmar understood it and said: "I seek pardon from God and then from you. By God, I will not do it again." He said: After that, he was not heard mentioning ʿAlī except with good. Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah said with his chain of transmission from Dāwūd b. Abī Hind, who said: "ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz entered upon us through this gate—meaning one of the gates of the Mosque of the Prophet ﷺ—and a man from the people said: 'The sinner has sent us this son of his to learn the religious obligations and the Sunnah, and he claims that he will not die until he becomes caliph and follows the conduct of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb.'" Dāwūd said: "By God, he did not die until we saw that in him." Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār said: al-ʿUtbī narrated to me, saying: "The first thing that was observed of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was his eagerness for knowledge and his desire for refinement. When his father was appointed over Egypt while he was young—his maturity being uncertain—his father wanted to take him with him. He said: 'O father, or rather, perhaps something else would be more beneficial for me and for you. Send me to Madinah so that I may sit with the jurists of its people and acquire their refinement.' So he sent him to Madinah. He sat with the elders of Quraysh and avoided their youths. This remained his practice until his reputation became widespread. When his father died, his uncle, the Commander of the Faithful ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, took him and included him among his own children, giving him precedence over many of them, and married him to his daughter Fāṭimah. She is the one about whom the poet says: Daughter of the caliph, and the caliph is her grandfather; sister of the caliphs, and the caliph is her husband. He said: We know of no woman with this description to this day except her. Al-ʿUtbī said: The envier of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz could not find fault with him except for his pursuit of comfort and his swagger in walking. Al-Aḥnaf b. Qays said: 'The perfect one is he whose slips are counted, and they are only counted because of their fewness.' One day he entered upon his uncle ʿAbd al-Malik while he was leaning in his walk. He said to him: "O ʿUmar, why do you walk differently from your usual manner?" He said: "I have a wound." He said: "And where is it on your body?" He said: "Between the rānifah and the ṣafan"—that is, between the edge of the buttock and the skin of the testicle. ʿAbd al-Malik said to Rawḥ b. Zinbāʿ: "By God, if a man of your people were asked about this, he would not give this answer." They said: When his uncle ʿAbd al-Malik died, he grieved for him and wore sackcloth under his clothes for seventy days. When al-Walīd became caliph, he treated him as his father had treated him, and appointed him over Madinah, Makkah, and al-Ṭāʾif from the year eighty-six to the year ninety-three. He led the people in the pilgrimage in the year eighty-nine and the year ninety, and al-Walīd led the people in the pilgrimage in the year ninety-one. Then ʿUmar led the people in the pilgrimage in the year ninety-two and ninety-three. During this period of his governorship, he built the Mosque of the Prophet ﷺ and expanded it at the command of al-Walīd. The tomb of the Prophet ﷺ was included in it. During this period, he was among the best of people in companionship and the most just in conduct. When a difficult matter arose, he would gather the jurists of Madinah. He had designated ten of them, and he would not decide a matter without them or those of them who were present. They were: ʿUrwah, ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtbah, Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, Abū Bakr b. Sulaymān b. Abī Khaythamah, Sulaymān b. Yasār, al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad, Sālim b. ʿAbd Allāh, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah, and Khārijah b. Zayd b. Thābit. He would not deviate from the opinion of Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib used not to visit any of the caliphs, but he used to visit ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz while he was in Madinah. Ibn Wahb said with his chain of transmission from Ibrāhīm b. Abī ʿAblah: "I arrived in Madinah, and Ibn al-Musayyib and others were there, and ʿUmar had summoned them that day for consultation." Ibn Wahb said with his chain of transmission from Qādim al-Barbarī that he discussed with Rabīʿah b. Abī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān something of the judicial decisions of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz when he was in Madinah. Rabīʿah said to him: "It is as if you are saying he erred. By Him in whose hand is my soul, he never erred." It is established through more than one chain from Anas b. Mālik that he said: "I have not prayed behind an imam whose prayer more closely resembled that of the Messenger of God ﷺ than this young man"—meaning ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz—when he was over Madinah. They said: He would complete the bowing and prostration and lighten the standing and sitting. In a sound narration: he would say the tasbīḥ ten times in bowing and ten times in prostration. The knowledge of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz: Ibn Wahb said with his chain of transmission from Abū al-Naḍr al-Madanī, who said: "I met Sulaymān b. Yasār coming out from ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, and I said to him: 'Have you come from ʿUmar?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Do you teach him?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'By God, he is the most learned of you.'" Mujāhid said: "We came to teach him, but we did not leave until we learned from him." Maymūn b. Mihrān said: "The scholars were like students before ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz." In another narration: Maymūn said: "ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was the teacher of the scholars." Al-Layth said: "A man who had accompanied Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn ʿAbbās narrated to me, and ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz had appointed him over al-Jazīrah. He said: 'We did not seek knowledge of anything except that we found ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz the most knowledgeable of people in its foundation and its branches. The scholars were nothing but students before ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz.'" ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāwūs said: "I saw my father and ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz standing together after the night prayer until morning came. When they parted, I said: 'O father, who is this man?' He said: 'This is ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, and he is one of the righteous of this house,' meaning Banū Umayyah." ʿAbd Allāh b. Kathīr said: "I said to ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz: 'What was the beginning of your repentance?' He said: 'I wanted to strike a slave of mine, and he said to me: Remember the night whose morning is the Day of Resurrection.'" The dismissal of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz from Madinah: Imam Mālik said: "When ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was dismissed from Madinah—that is, in the year ninety-three—and left it, he turned to it and wept, and said to his client: 'O Muzāḥim, we fear that we may be among those whom Madinah expels.' He meant that Madinah expels its impurities as the bellows expel the impurities of iron, and it purifies its good." I say: He left Madinah and settled for a time at a place near it called al-Suwaydāʾ, then he came to Damascus to his cousins. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said, from Ismāʿīl b. Abī Ḥakīm, who said: "I heard ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz say: 'I left Madinah and there was no man more knowledgeable than I. When I arrived in Syria, I forgot.'" Imam Aḥmad said with his chain of transmission from al-Zuhrī, who said: "I stayed up one night with ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and narrated to him. He said: 'Everything you narrated I have already heard, but you have retained it while I have forgotten.'" Ibn Wahb said with his chain of transmission from al-Zuhrī, who said: "ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said: 'Al-Walīd sent for me one day at midday. I entered upon him and found him frowning. He gestured to me to sit, so I sat before him. He said: What do you say about one who reviles the caliphs? Should he be killed? I remained silent. He repeated, and I remained silent. He repeated again, and I said: Should he be killed, O Commander of the Faithful? He said: No, but he reviled. I said: He should be punished. He became angry and withdrew to his family. Ibn al-Rayyān, the executioner, said to me: Go. He said: I left his presence, and no wind blew except that I thought it was a messenger to bring me back to him.'" ʿUthmān b. Zufar said: "Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik, while he was Commander of the Faithful, approached with ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz at Sulaymān's camp, where there were those horses, camels, mules, baggage, and men. Sulaymān said: 'What do you say, O ʿUmar, about this?' He said: 'I see a world devouring itself, and you are responsible for all of it.' When they drew near the camp, there was a crow that had taken a morsel in its beak from Sulaymān's tent and was flying with it, cawing once. Sulaymān said to him: 'What do you say about this, O ʿUmar?' He said: 'I do not know.' He said: 'What do you think it is saying?' He said: 'It is as if it says: From where did it come? And where is it being taken?' Sulaymān said to him: 'How amazing you are!' ʿUmar said: 'More amazing than me is one who knows God and disobeys Him, and one who knows Satan and obeys him.'" Imam Mālik mentioned that Sulaymān and ʿUmar once exchanged words. Sulaymān said to him in the course of the speech: "You lie." He said: "You say to me, 'You lie'? By God, I have not lied since I learned that lying harms its people." Then ʿUmar shunned him and resolved to leave for Egypt, but Sulaymān did not permit him. Then he sent for him and reconciled with him, saying to him: "No matter that concerns me arises except that you come to my mind." We have already mentioned that when Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik was near death, he entrusted the matter after him to ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. The matter was arranged accordingly, and praise be to God.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.