Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2434
The Year 100 of the Prophetic Hijrah
عَزْلِ الْجَرَّاحِ وَاسْتِعْمَالِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَقِيلَ: فِي سنة مائة من الهجرة عَزَلَ عُمَرُ الْجَرَّاحَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَكَمِيَّ عَنْ خُرَاسَانَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ نُعَيْمٍ الْقُشَيْرِيَّ، وَكَانَ عَزْلُ الْجَرَّاحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ. كَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَزِيدَ لَمَّا عُزِلَ عَنْ خُرَاسَانَ أَرْسَلَ عَامِلُ الْعِرَاقِ عَامِلًا عَلَى جُرْجَانَ، فَأَخَذَ جَهْمَ بْنَ زَحْرٍ الْجُعْفِيَّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى جُرْجَانَ عَامِلًا لِيَزِيدَ بْنَ الْمُهَلَّبِ، فَحَبَسَهُ وَقَيَّدَهُ، وَحَبَسَ رَهْطًا قَدِمُوا مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْجَرَّاحِ بِخُرَاسَانَ، فَأَطْلَقَ أَهْلُ جُرْجَانَ عَامِلَهُمْ، وَقَالَ الْجَرَّاحُ لِجَهْمٍ: لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ ابْنُ عَمِّي لَمْ أُسَوِّغْكَ هَذَا. فَقَالَ جَهْمٌ: وَلَوْلَا أَنَّكَ ابْنُ عَمِّي لَمْ آتِكَ. وَكَانَ جَهْمٌ سِلْفَ الْجَرَّاحِ مِنْ قِبَلِ ابْنَتَيِ الْحُصَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَمَّا كَوْنُهُ ابْنَ عَمِّهِ فَلِأَنَّ الْحَكَمَ وَالْجُعْفِيَّ ابْنَا سَعْدٍ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْجَرَّاحُ: خَالَفْتَ إِمَامَكَ، فَاغْزُ لَعَلَّكَ تَظْفَرُ، فَيَصْلُحُ أَمْرُكَ عِنْدَهُ. فَوَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْخُتَّلِ، فَغَنِمَ مِنْهُمْ وَرَجِعَ، وَأَوْفَدَ الْجَرَّاحُ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَفْدًا، رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْمَوَالِي يُكَنَّى أَبَا الصَّيْدِ، فَتَكَلَّمَ الْعَرَبِيَّانِ وَالْمَوْلَى سَاكِتٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مَا أَنْتَ مِنَ الْوَفْدِ ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْمَوَالِي يَغْزُونَ بِلَا عَطَاءٍ وَلَا رِزْقٍ، وَمِثْلُهُمْ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا مِنَ الذِّمَّةِ يُؤْخَذُونَ بِالْخَرَاجِ، فَأَمِيرُنَا عَصَبِيٌّ جَافٍ يَقُومُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِنَا، فَيَقُولُ: أَتَيْتُكُمْ حَفِيًّا، وَأَنَا الْيَوْمُ عَصَبِيٌّ، وَاللَّهِ لَرَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ مِائَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ. وَهُوَ بَعْدُ سَيْفٌ مِنْ سُيُوفِ الْحَجَّاجِ، قَدْ عَمِلَ بِالظُّلْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: إِذَنْ بِمِثْلِكَ يُوفَدُ. فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى الْجَرَّاحِ: انْظُرْ مَنْ صَلَّى قِبَلَكَ [ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ ] فَضَعْ عَنْهُ الْجِزْيَةَ. فَسَارَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقِيلَ لِلْجَرَّاحِ: إِنِ النَّاسَ قَدْ سَارَعُوا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ نُفُورًا مِنَ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَامْتَحِنْهُمْ بِالْخِتَانِ. فَكَتَبَ الْجَرَّاحُ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ، دَاعِيًا وَلَمْ يَبْعَثْهُ خَاتِنًا، وَقَالَ: إِيتُونِي رَجُلًا صَدُوقًا أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ خُرَاسَانَ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: عَلَيْكَ بِأَبِي مِجْلَزٍ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْجَرَّاحِ: أَنْ أَقْبِلْ وَاحْمِلْ أَبَا مِجْلَزٍ، وَخَلِّفْ عَلَى حَرْبِ خُرَاسَانَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ نُعَيْمٍ الْعَامِرِيَّ. فَخَطَبَ الْجَرَّاحُ وَقَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ خُرَاسَانَ جِئْتُكُمْ فِي ثِيَابِي هَذِهِ الَّتِي عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى فَرَسِي، لَمْ أُصِبْ مِنْ مَالِكُمْ إِلَّا حِلْيَةَ سَيْفِي. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا فَرَسٌ وَبَغْلَةٌ. فَسَارَ عَنْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ قَالَ: مَتَى خَرَجْتَ ؟ قَالَ: فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ. قَالَ: صَدَقَ مَنْ وَصَفَكَ بِالْجَفَاءِ، هَلَّا أَقَمْتَ حَتَّى تُفْطِرَ ثُمَّ تَخْرُجَ ! وَكَانَ الْجَرَّاحُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ: إِنِّي قَدِمْتُ خُرَاسَانَ، فَوَجَدْتُ قَوْمًا قَدْ أَبْطَرَتْهُمُ الْفِتْنَةُ، فَأَحَبُّ الْأُمُورِ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَعُودُوا لِيَمْنَعُوا حَقَّ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَيْسَ يَكْفِهِمْ إِلَّا السَّيْفُ وَالسَّوْطُ، فَكَرِهْتُ الْإِقْدَامَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِكَ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ: يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ الْجَرَّاحِ، أَنْتَ أَحْرَصُ عَلَى الْفِتْنَةِ مِنْهُمْ، لَا تَضْرِبَنَّ مُؤْمِنًا وَلَا مُعَاهِدًا سَوْطًا إِلَّا فِي الْحَقِّ، وَاحْذَرِ الْقِصَاصَ، فَإِنَّكَ صَائِرٌ إِلَى مَنْ يَعْلَمُ خَائِنَةَ الْأَعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ، وَتَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا: لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً إِلَّا أَحْصَاهَا. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْجَرَّاحُ عَلَى عُمَرَ، وَقَدِمَ أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ، قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: يُكَافِي الْأَكْفَاءَ، وَيُعَادِي الْأَعْدَاءَ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرٌ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ، وَيُقْدِمُ إِنْ وَجَدَ مَنْ يُسَاعِدُهُ. قَالَ: فَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ ؟ قَالَ: يُحِبُّ الْعَافِيَةَ وَالتَّأَنِّي، وَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ. فَوَلَّاهُ الصَّلَاةَ وَالْحَرْبَ، وَوَلَّى عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقُشَيْرِيَّ الْخَرَاجَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ: إِنِّي اسْتَعْمَلْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَى حَرْبِكُمْ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ [ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ] عَلَى خَرَاجِكُمْ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمَا يَأْمُرُهُمَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ. فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ حَتَّى مَاتَ عُمَرُ، وَبَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ، وَوَجَّهَ مَسْلَمَةُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، فَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَنَةٍ وَنِصْفٍ.
Translation
✧ The dismissal of al-Jarrāḥ and the appointment of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Nuʿaym al-Qushayrī and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Allāh And it is said: In the year 100 of the Hijrah, ʿUmar dismissed al-Jarrāḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥakamī from Khurāsān and appointed over it ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Nuʿaym al-Qushayrī. Al-Jarrāḥ's dismissal was in Ramaḍān. The reason for that was that when Yazīd was dismissed from Khurāsān, the governor of Iraq sent a governor to Jurjān, and he seized Jahm b. Zaḥr al-Juʿfī, who was over Jurjān as governor for Yazīd b. al-Muhallab. He imprisoned him and put him in chains, and imprisoned a group who had come with him. Then he went out to al-Jarrāḥ in Khurāsān, and the people of Jurjān released their governor. Al-Jarrāḥ said to Jahm: Were it not that you are my paternal cousin, I would not have permitted you this. Jahm said: And were it not that you are my paternal cousin, I would not have come to you. Jahm was al-Jarrāḥ's brother-in-law through the two daughters of al-Ḥuṣayn b. al-Ḥārith. As for his being his paternal cousin, it is because al-Ḥakam and al-Juʿfī were the two sons of Saʿd al-Qushayrī. Al-Jarrāḥ said to him: You have opposed your imam, so go on a raid; perhaps you will be victorious and your affair will be set right with him. So he sent him to Khuttal, and he took booty from them and returned. Al-Jarrāḥ sent a delegation to ʿUmar: two men from the Arabs and one man from the mawālī called Abū al-Ṣayd. The two Arabs spoke while the mawlā remained silent. ʿUmar said: Are you not of the delegation? He said: Yes. He said: Then what prevents you from speaking? He said: O Commander of the Faithful, twenty thousand of the mawālī raid without stipend or provision, and the like of them have converted from the protected people but are still taken with the land tax. Our amir is a partisan, rough: he stands on our minbar and says: I came to you as a ḥafī, but today I am a partisan. By God, one man of my people is dearer to me than a hundred of others. He is moreover a sword among the swords of al-Ḥajjāj, who has acted with injustice and enmity. ʿUmar said: Then with one like you one sends delegations. So ʿUmar wrote to al-Jarrāḥ: Look to whoever prays facing the qiblah before you and remove the jizyah from him. The people hastened to Islam. It was said to al-Jarrāḥ: The people have hastened to Islam fleeing from the jizyah, so test them by circumcision. Al-Jarrāḥ wrote about that to ʿUmar, and ʿUmar wrote to him: God sent Muḥammad ﷺ as a caller and did not send him as a circumciser. And he said: Bring me a truthful man to ask him about Khurāsān. It was said to him: You should take Abū Mijlaz. So he wrote to al-Jarrāḥ: Come, and carry Abū Mijlaz, and leave over the war of Khurāsān ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Nuʿaym al-ʿĀmirī. Al-Jarrāḥ gave a sermon and said: O people of Khurāsān, I came to you in these clothes of mine that are upon me and upon my horse; I have obtained nothing of your wealth except the ornament of my sword. He had nothing but a horse and a mule. Then he departed from them. When he came to ʿUmar, he said: When did you set out? He said: In the month of Ramaḍān. He said: The one who described you as rough spoke truth. Why did you not stay until you broke the fast and then set out? Al-Jarrāḥ had written to ʿUmar: I came to Khurāsān and found a people whom tribulation had made insolent. The dearest of things to them is to return to withholding God's right over them. Nothing suffices them but the sword and the whip. I disliked to proceed with that except by your permission. ʿUmar wrote to him: O son of the mother of al-Jarrāḥ, you are more eager for tribulation than they. Do not strike a believer or a covenanted person with a whip except in the right, and beware of retaliation, for you are going to One who knows the treachery of the eyes and what the breasts conceal. And recite a Book: it leaves not a small thing or a great thing but has enumerated it. When al-Jarrāḥ came to ʿUmar and Abū Mijlaz came, ʿUmar said to him: Tell me about ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Allāh. He said: He rewards equals and is hostile to enemies, an amir who does what he wishes and advances if he finds one to help him. He said: And ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Nuʿaym? He said: He loves well-being and deliberateness, and he is dearer to me. So he appointed him over prayer and war, and appointed ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Qushayrī over the land tax, and wrote to the people of Khurāsān: I have appointed ʿAbd al-Raḥmān over your war and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān [b. ʿAbd Allāh] over your land tax. And he wrote to both of them commanding them to do what is right and to be good. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Nuʿaym remained over Khurāsān until ʿUmar died, and after that until Yazīd b. al-Muhallab was killed. Maslamah sent Saʿīd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ḥārith b. al-Ḥakam, so his governorship was more than a year and a half.
Grades by grader
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