Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2423
The Year 98
فَتَحِ جُرْجَانَ الْفَتْحَ الثَّانِي قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فَتْحَ جُرْجَانَ وَقُهِسْتَانَ وَغَدْرَ أَهْلِ جُرْجَانَ، فَلَمَّا صَالَحَ يَزِيدُ أَصْبَهْبَذَ طَبَرِسْتَانَ سَارَ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ، وَعَاهَدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَئِنْ ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ لَا يَرْفَعُ السَّيْفَ حَتَّى يَطْحَنَ بِدِمَائِهِمْ، وَيَأْكُلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الطَّحِينِ. فَأَتَاهَا وَحَصَرَ أَهْلَهَا بِحِصْنِ فَجَاهْ وَمَنْ يَكُونُ بِهَا لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى عُدَّةٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَشَرَابٍ، فَحَصَرَهُمْ يَزِيدُ فِيهَا سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْأَيَّامِ فَيُقَاتِلُونَهُ وَيَرْجِعُونَ. فَبَيْنَا هُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذْ خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ عَجَمِ خُرَاسَانَ يَتَصَيَّدُ، وَقِيلَ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ طَيْءٍ، فَأَبْصَرَ وَعْلًا فِي الْجَبَلِ، وَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ حَتَّى هَجَمَ عَلَى عَسْكَرِهِمْ، فَرَجَعَ كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَجَعَلَ يُخَرِّقُ قَبَاءَهُ وَيَعْقِدُ عَلَى الشَّجَرِ عَلَامَاتٍ، فَأَتَى يَزِيدَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَضَمِنَ لَهُ يَزِيدُ دِيَةً إِنْ دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى الْحِصْنِ، فَانْتَخَبَ مَعَهُ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنَهُ خَالِدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنْ غُلِبْتَ عَلَى الْحَيَاةِ فَلَا تُغْلَبَنَّ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، وَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ أَرَاكَ عِنْدِي مَهْزُومًا. وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ جَهْمَ بْنَ زَحْرٍ، وَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ: مَتَى تَصِلُونَ ؟ قَالَ: غَدًا الْعَصْرُ. قَالَ يَزِيدُ: سَأَجْهَدُ عَلَى مُنَاهَضَتِهِمْ عِنْدَ الظُّهْرِ. فَسَارُوا فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ وَقْتَ الظُّهْرِ أَحْرَقَ يَزِيدُ كُلَّ حَطَبٍ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ، فَصَارَ مِثْلَ الْجِبَالِ مِنَ النِّيرَانِ، فَنَظَرَ الْعَدُوُّ إِلَى النِّيرَانِ فَهَالَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، وَتَقَدَّمَ يَزِيدُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، وَهَجَمَ أَصْحَابُ يَزِيدَ الَّذِينَ سَارُوا عَلَى عَسْكَرِ التُّرْكِ قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ وَهُمْ آمَنُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ، وَيَزِيدُ يُقَاتِلُهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، فَمَا شَعَرُوا إِلَّا بِالتَّكْبِيرِ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، فَانْقَطَعُوا جَمِيعًا إِلَى حِصْنِهِمْ، وَرَكِبَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَأَعْطَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَنَزَلُوا عَلَى حَكَمِ يَزِيدَ، فَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَهُمْ وَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ، وَصَلَبَهُمْ فَرْسَخَيْنِ إِلَى يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ وَيَسَارِهِ، وَقَادَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا إِلَى وَادِي جُرْجَانَ وَقَالَ: مَنْ طَلَبَهُمْ بِثَأْرٍ فَلْيُقْتَلْ. فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُ الْأَرْبَعَةَ وَالْخَمْسَةَ، وَأَجْرَى الْمَاءَ عَلَى الدَّمِ وَعَلَيْهِ أَرْحَاءٌ لِيَطْحَنَ بِدِمَائِهِمْ لِيُبِرَّ يَمِينَهُ، فَطَحَنَ وَخَبَزَ وَأَكَلَ، وَقِيلَ: قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا. وَبَنَى مَدِينَةَ جُرْجَانَ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ بُنِيَتْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مَدِينَةً، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى جُرْجَانَ جَهْمَ بْنَ زَحْرٍ الْجَعْفِيَّ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ قَالَ يَزِيدُ لِأَصْحَابِهِ لَمَّا سَارُوا: إِذَا وَصَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ انْتَظِرُوا، فَإِذَا كَانَ السَّحَرُ كَبِّرُوا وَاقْصُدُوا الْبَابَ، فَسَتَجِدُونِي قَدْ نَهَضْتُ بِالنَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ ابْنُ زَحْرٍ الْمَدِينَةَ أَمْهَلَ حَتَّى كَانَتِ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَهُ يَزِيدُ أَنْ يَنْهَضَ فِيهَا، فَكَبَّرَ، فَفَزِعَ أَهْلُ الْحِصْنِ، وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ يَزِيدَ لَا يَلْقَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا قَتَلُوهُ، وَدَهِشَ التُّرْكُ، فَبَقُوا لَا يَدْرُونَ أَيْنَ يَتَوَجَّهُونَ، وَسَمِعَ يَزِيدُ التَّكْبِيرَ، فَسَارَ فِي النَّاسِ إِلَى الْبَابِ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ عِنْدَهُ أَحَدًا يَمْنَعُهُ وَهُمْ مَشْغُولُونَ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَدَخَلَ الْحِصْنَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ وَأَخْرَجَ مَنْ فِيهِ وَصَلَبَهُمْ فَرْسَخَيْنِ مِنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ وَيَسَارِهِ، فَصَلَبَهُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ فَرَاسِخَ، وَسَبَى أَهْلَهَا وَغَنِمَ مَا فِيهَا، وَكَتَبَ يَزِيدُ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ. أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ قَدْ فَتَحَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَتْحًا عَظِيمًا، وَصَنَعَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحْسَنَ الصُّنْعِ، فَلِرَبِّنَا الْحَمْدُ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ وَإِحْسَانِهِ، وَأَظْهَرَ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى جُرْجَانَ وَطَبَرِسْتَانَ، وَقَدْ أَعْيَا ذَلِكَ سَابُورَ ذَا الْأَكْتَافِ، وَكِسْرَى بْنَ قُبَادٍ، وَكِسْرَى بْنَ هُرْمُزَ، وَأَعْيَا الْفَارُوقَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَذَا النُّورَيْنِ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمَا، حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ ذَلِكَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، كَرَامَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُ، وَزِيَادَةً فِي نِعَمِهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ صَارَ عِنْدِي مِنْ خُمْسِ مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْدَ أَنْ صَارَ إِلَى كُلِّ ذِي حَقِّ حَقُّهُ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ سَبْعَةُ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ، وَأَنَا حَامِلٌ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. وقَالَ لَهُ كَاتِبُهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ أَبِي قُرَّةَ مَوْلَى بَنِي سَدُوسٍ: لَا تَكْتُبْ تَسْمِيَةَ الْمَالِ، فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ، إِمَّا اسْتَكْثَرَهُ فَأَمَرَكَ بِحَمْلِهِ، وَإِمَّا سَمَحَتْ نَفْسُهُ لَكَ بِهِ فَأَعْطَاكَهُ، فَتُكَلَّفُ الْهَدِيَّةَ، فَلَا يَأْتِيهِ مِنْ قَبِلَكِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا اسْتَقَلَّهُ، فَكَأَنِّي بِكَ قَدِ اسْتَغْرَقْتَ مَا سَمَّيْتَ وَلَمْ يَقَعْ مِنْهُ مَوْقِعًا، وَيَبْقَى الْمَالُ الَّذِي سَمَّيْتَ مُخَلَّدًا فِي دَوَاوِينِهِمْ، فَإِنْ وَلِيَ وَالٍ بَعْدَهُ أَخَذَكَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ وَلِيَ مَنْ يَتَحَامَلُ عَلَيْكَ لَمْ يَرْضَ بِأَضْعَافِهِ، وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ فَسَلْهُ الْقُدُومَ، وَشَافِهْهُ بِمَا أَحْبَبْتَ فَهُوَ أَسْلَمُ. فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُ وَأَمْضَى الْكِتَابَ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَ الْمَبْلَغُ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ.
Translation
✧ The Second Conquest of Jurjān We have already mentioned the conquest of Jurjān and Qūhistān and the treachery of the people of Jurjān. When Yazīd made peace with the Iṣbahbadh of Ṭabaristān, he marched to Jurjān and made a covenant with God Almighty that if he prevailed over them he would not sheathe the sword until he had ground with their blood and eaten of that meal. He came to it and besieged its people in the fortress of Fajāh, and whoever was in it had no need of provisions of food and drink. Yazīd besieged them there for seven months, while they would come out to him on some days, fight him, and return. While they were in that state, a man from the non-Arabs of Khurāsān went out hunting—and it is said he was a man of Ṭayyiʾ—and he spotted a mountain goat on the mountain. Before he was aware, he had stumbled upon their camp. He returned as if he were going to his companions, tearing his cloak and tying markers on the trees. He came to Yazīd and informed him. Yazīd guaranteed him blood money if he guided them to the fortress. He selected with him three hundred men and appointed over them his son Khālid b. Yazīd, saying to him: 'If you are overcome in life, do not be overcome in death, and beware lest I see you before me defeated.' He attached to him Jahm b. Zaḥr and said to the man: 'When will you arrive?' He said: 'Tomorrow at the time of ʿaṣr.' Yazīd said: 'I will strive to engage them at the time of ẓuhr.' They set out. When the morrow came at the time of ẓuhr, Yazīd burned all the firewood they had, and it became like mountains of fire. The enemy looked at the fires and was terrified, so they came out against them. Yazīd advanced against them and they fought. Yazīd's companions who had set out burst upon the Turkish camp before ʿaṣr while they were secure from that direction, and Yazīd fought them from this direction. They were not aware until the takbīr sounded from behind them. They all broke off to their fortress, and the Muslims rode them down, so they surrendered and submitted to Yazīd's judgment. He took their offspring captive, killed their fighting men, and crucified them for two farsakhs to the right of the road and its left. He led twelve thousand of them to the wādī of Jurjān and said: 'Whoever seeks them for vengeance, let him be killed.' A man among the Muslims would kill four or five of them. He ran water over the blood and upon it mills, to grind with their blood in order to fulfill his oath. He ground, baked, and ate. It is said he killed forty thousand of them. He built the city of Jurjān, and no city had been built there before. He returned to Khurāsān and appointed over Jurjān Jahm b. Zaḥr al-Juʿfī. It is said rather that Yazīd said to his companions when they set out: 'When you reach the city, wait. When it is the time before dawn, say the takbīr and make for the gate, and you will find that I have advanced with the people to it.' When Ibn Zaḥr entered the city, he waited until the hour at which Yazīd had commanded him to advance, then he said the takbīr. The people of the fortress were alarmed, and Yazīd's companions met none but they killed him. The Turks were bewildered and remained not knowing where to turn. Yazīd heard the takbīr and advanced with the people to the gate, and found no one at it to prevent him, for they were occupied with the Muslims. He entered the fortress immediately and brought out those in it, and crucified them for two farsakhs to the right of the road and its left; he crucified them for four farsakhs. He took its people captive and gained its spoils. Yazīd wrote to Sulaymān: In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Now then, God, exalted be His mention, has granted the Commander of the Faithful a great conquest and has done the Muslims the best of deeds. To our Lord belongs praise for His favors and His benevolence. He has made it manifest in the caliphate of the Commander of the Faithful over Jurjān and Ṭabaristān, which had defied Sābūr Dhū al-Aktāf, Kisrā b. Qubādh, Kisrā b. Hurmuz, and defied al-Fārūq ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, Dhū al-Nūrayn, and those after them, until God, glorified be He, opened it for the Commander of the Faithful as an honor from God, mighty and glorious, to him and an increase in His favors upon him. There has come into my possession from the fifth of what God, mighty and glorious, has granted the Muslims, after every possessor of a right has received his due from the fayʾ and the spoils, seven thousand thousand. I am carrying that to the Commander of the Faithful, if God wills. His scribe al-Mughīra b. Abī Qurra, a client of the Banū Sadūs, said to him: 'Do not write the naming of the amount, for you are in one of two situations regarding it: either he will consider it great and command you to transport it, or his soul will be generous to you with it and grant it to you, and you will be obliged to make a gift. Then nothing will come to him from you but he will consider it little. It is as if I can see you having exhausted what you named, and it will not have made an impression on him, and the wealth you named will remain recorded in their registers. If a governor succeeds him, he will hold you accountable for it, and if one who bears a grudge against you succeeds him, he will not be satisfied with multiples of it. But write and ask him for permission to come, and speak to him face to face with what you wish, for that is safer.' He did not accept this from him and sent the letter. It is said the amount was four thousand thousand.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.