Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2422
The Year 98
فَتَحِ جُرْجَانَ وَطَبَرِسْتَانَ فِي سنة ثمان وتسعين غَزَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ جُرْجَانَ وَطَبَرِسْتَانَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ خُرَاسَانَ. وَسَبَبُ غَزْوِهِمَا وَاهْتِمَامِهِ بِهِمَا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بِالشَّامِ كَانَ سُلَيْمَانُ كُلَّمَا فَتَحَ قُتَيْبَةُ فَتْحًا يَقُولُ لِيَزِيدَ: أَلَا تَرَى إِلَى مَا يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُتَيْبَةَ ؟ فَيَقُولُ يَزِيدُ: مَا فَعَلَتْ جُرْجَانُ ( الَّتِي قَطَعَتِ الطَّرِيقَ، وَأَفْسَدَتْ قُومِسَ وَنَيْسَابُورَ وَيَقُولُ: هَذِهِ الْفُتُوحُ لَيْسَتْ بِشَيْءٍ، الشَّانُ هِيَ جُرْجَانُ. فَلَمَّا وَلَّاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ خُرَاسَانَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ هِمَّةٌ غَيْرُ جُرْجَانَ )، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا فِي مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَالْعِرَاقِ وَخُرَاسَانَ، سِوَى الْمَوَالِي وَالْمُتَطَوِّعَةِ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ جُرْجَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَدِينَةً، إِنَّمَا هِيَ جِبَالٌ وَمَخَارِمُ وَأَبْوَابٌ، يَقُومُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَابٍ مِنْهَا فَلَا يُقْدِمُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ. فَابْتَدَأَ بِقُهِسْتَانَ فَحَاصَرَهَا، وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا طَائِفَةً مِنَ التُّرْكِ، وَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا. وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا يَخْرُجُونَ وَيُقَاتِلُونَ، فَيَهْزِمُهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا هُزِمُوا دَخَلُوا الْحِصْنَ. فَخَرَجُوا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّاسُ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَحَمَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ عَلَى تُرْكِيٍّ قَدْ صَدَّ النَّاسَ عَنْهُ، فَاخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ، فَثَبَتَ سَيْفُ التُّرْكِيِّ فِي بَيْضَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ، وَضَرَبَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَرَجَعَ وَسَيْفُهُ يَقْطُرُ دَمًا، وَسَيْفُ التُّرْكِيِّ فِي بَيْضَتِهِ، فَنَظَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَى أَحْسَنِ مَنْظَرٍ رَأَوْهُ. وَخَرَجَ يَزِيدُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمًا يَنْظُرُ مَكَانًا يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكَانَ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ مِنْ وُجُوهِ النَّاسِ وَفُرْسَانِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا حَتَّى هَجَمَ عَلَيْهِمُ التُّرْكُ فِي نَحْوِ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ سَاعَةً، وَقَاتَلَ يَزِيدُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَسَلِمُوا وَانْصَرَفُوا، وَكَانُوا قَدْ عَطِشُوا، فَانْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْمَاءِ فَشَرِبُوا، وَرَجَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْعَدُوُّ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ يَزِيدَ أَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْقِتَالِ، وَقَطَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْمَوَادَّ حَتَّى ضَعِفُوا وَعَجَزُوا. فَأَرْسَلَ صُولُ، دِهْقَانُ قُهِسْتَانَ، إِلَى يَزِيدَ يَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ أَنْ يُصَالِحَهُ وَيُؤَمِّنَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، لِيَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَدِينَةَ بِمَا فِيهَا، فَصَالَحَهُ وَوَفَى لَهُ، وَدَخْلَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَخَذَ مَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْكُنُوزِ وَالسَّبْيِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى، وَقَتْلَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ تُرْكِيٍّ صَبْرًا، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بِذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى جُرْجَانَ. وَكَانَ أَهْلُ جُرْجَانَ قَدْ صَالَحَهُمْ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَكَانُوا يَجْبُونَ أَحْيَانًا مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، وَأَحْيَانًا مِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ، وَأَحْيَانًا ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَرُبَّمَا أَعْطَوْا ذَلِكَ وَرُبَّمَا مَنَعُوهُ، ثُمَّ امْتَنَعُوا وَكَفَرُوا، فَلَمْ يُعْطُوا خَرَاجًا، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ جُرْجَانَ بَعْدَ سَعِيدٍ أَحَدٌ، وَمَنَعُوا ذَلِكَ الطَّرِيقَ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَسْلُكُ طَرِيقَ خُرَاسَانَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا عَلَى فَارِسَ وَكَرْمَانَ. وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ صَيَّرَ الطَّرِيقَ مِنْ قُومِسَ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ حِينَ وَلِيَ خُرَاسَانَ. وَبَقِيَ أَمْرُ جُرْجَانَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى وَلِيَ يَزِيدُ وَأَتَاهُمْ، فَاسْتَقْبَلُوهُ بِالصُّلْحِ، وَزَادُوهُ وَهَابُوهُ، فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَصَالَحَهُمْ. فتح طبرستان فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ قُهِسْتَانَ وَجُرْجَانَ طَمِعَ فِي طَبَرِسْتَانَ أَنْ يَفْتَحَهَا، فَعَزَمَ عَلَى أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَيْهَا، فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُعَمَّرِ الْيَشْكُرِيَّ عَلَى السَّاسَانِ وَقُهِسْتَانَ، وَخَلَّفَ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى أَدَانِي جُرْجَانَ مِمَّا يَلِي طَبَرِسْتَانَ، فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى أَيْذُوسَا رَاشِدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، وَجَعَلَهُ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، وَدَخَلَ بِلَادَ طَبَرِسْتَانَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ الْإِصْبَهْبَذُ صَاحِبُهَا يَسْأَلُهُ الصُّلْحَ وَأَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْ طَبَرِسْتَانَ، فَأَبَى يَزِيدُ، وَرَجَا أَنْ يَفْتَتِحَهَا، وَوَجَّهَ أَخَاهُ أَبَا عُيَيْنَةَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ، وَابْنَهُ خَالِدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ، وَأَبَا الْجَهْمِ الْكَلْبِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ، وَقَالَ: إِذَا اجْتَمَعْتُمْ فَأَبُوا عُيَيْنَةَ عَلَى النَّاسِ. فَسَارَ أَبُو عُيَيْنَةَ وَأَقَامَ يَزِيدُ مُعَسْكَرًا. وَاسْتَجَاشَ الْإِصْبَهْبَذُ أَهْلَ جِيلَانَ وَالدَّيْلَمَ، فَأَتَوْهُ فَالْتَقَوْا فِي سَفْحِ جَبَلٍ، فَانْهَزَمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فِي الْجَبَلِ، فَاتَّبَعَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى فَمِ الشِّعْبِ، فَدَخَلَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَصَعِدَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فِي الْجَبَلِ وَاتَّبَعَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرُومُونَ الصُّعُودَ، فَرَمَاهُمُ الْعَدُوُّ بِالنُّشَّابِ وَالْحِجَارَةِ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَبُو عُيَيْنَةَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرْكَبُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، يَتَسَاقَطُونَ فِي الْجَبَلِ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى عَسْكَرِ يَزِيدَ، وَكَفَّ عَدُّوهُمْ عَنِ اتِّبَاعِهِمْ، وَخَافَهُمُ الْإِصْبَهْبَذُ، فَكَانَ أَهْلُ جُرْجَانَ وَمُقَدِّمُهُمُ الْمَرْزُبَانُ يَسْأَلُهُمْ أَنْ يُبَيِّتُوا مِنْ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنْ يَقْطَعُوا عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْمَادَّةَ وَالطَّرِيقَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَعِدُهُمْ أَنْ يُكَافِئَهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَثَارُوا بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ، وَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُعَمَّرِ وَجَمِيعُ مَنْ مَعَهُ فَلَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، وَكَتَبُوا إِلَى الْإِصْبَهْبَذِ بِأَخْذِ الْمَضَايِقِ وَالطُّرُقِ. وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ يَزِيدَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَعَظُمَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهَالَهُمْ، وَفَزِعَ يَزِيدُ إِلَى حَيَّانَ النَّبَطِيَّ وَقَالَ لَهُ: لَا يَمْنَعُكَ مَا كَانَ مِنِّي إِلَيْكَ مِنْ نَصِيحَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَدْ جَاءَنَا عَنْ جُرْجَانَ مَا جَاءَنَا فَاعْمَلْ فِي الصُّلْحِ. فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَأَتَى حَيَّانُ الْإِصْبَهْبَذَ فَقَالَ: أَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْكُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الدِّينُ فَرَّقَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ، فَأَنَا لَكُمْ نَاصِحٌ، فَأَنْتَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ يَزِيدَ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَ يَسْتَمِدُّ وَأَمْدَادُهُ مِنْهُ قَرِيبَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَصَابُوا مِنْهُ طَرَفًا، وَلَسْتُ آمَنُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكَ مَنْ لَا تَقُومُ لَهُ، فَأَرِحْ نَفْسَكَ وَصَالِحْهُ، فَإِنْ صَالَحْتَهُ صَيَّرَ حَدَّهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ جُرْجَانَ بِغَدْرِهِمْ وَقَتْلِهِمْ أَصْحَابَهُ. فَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَقِيلَ خَمْسِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ وَقْرِ زَعْفَرَانَ، أَوْ قِيمَتِهِ مِنَ الْعَيْنِ، وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، عَلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ تُرْسٌ وَطَيْلَسَانُ، وَمَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ جَامٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَخِرْقَةُ حَرِيرٍ وَكُسْوَةٌ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ حَيَّانُ إِلَى يَزِيدَ، فَقَالَ: ابْعَثْ مِنْ ( يَحْمِلُ صُلْحَهُمْ )، فَقَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ أَوْ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ، وَكَانَ يَزِيدُ قَدْ طَابَتْ نَفْسُهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمْ مَا سَأَلُوا وَيَرْجِعَ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى يَزِيدَ مَنْ يَقْبِضُ مَا صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَيَّانُ، فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ. وَكَانَ يَزِيدُ قَدْ أَغْرَمَ حَيَّانَ مِائَتَيْ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ حَيَّانَ كَتَبَ إِلَى مَخْلَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، فَبَدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُهُ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: تَكْتُبُ إِلَى مَخْلَدٍ وَتَبْدَأُ بِنَفْسِكَ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ لَقِيَ مَا لَقِيَ قُتَيْبَةُ. فَبَعَثَ مَخْلَدٌ الْكِتَابَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ يَزِيدَ، فَأَغْرَمَهُ مِائَتَيْ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ سَبَبَ مَسِيرِ يَزِيدَ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ أَنَّ صُولًا التُّرْكِيَّ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ قُهِسْتَانَ وَالْبُحَيْرَةَ، وَهِيَ جَزِيرَةٌ فِي الْبَحْرِ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ قُهِسْتَانَ خَمْسَةُ فَرَاسِخَ، وَهُمَا مِنْ جُرْجَانَ مِمَّا يَلِي خُوَارَزْمَ، وَكَانَ يُغِيرُ عَلَى فَيْرُوزَ [ بْنِ ] قَوْلٍ مَرْزُبَانِ جُرْجَانَ، فَيُصِيبُ مِنْ بِلَادِهِ. فَخَافَهُ فَيْرُوزُ، فَسَارَ إِلَى يَزِيدَ بِخُرَاسَانَ وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ سَبَبِ قُدُومِهِ، فَقَالَ: خِفْتُ صُولًا فَهَرَبْتُ مِنْهُ، وَأَخَذَ صُولٌ جُرْجَانَ. فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ لِفَيْرُوزَ: هَلْ مِنْ حِيلَةٍ لِقِتَالِهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ إِنْ ظَفِرْتَ بِهِ قَتَلْتَهُ وَأَعْطَى بِيَدِهِ. قَالَ: مَا هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: تَكْتُبُ إِلَى الْإِصْبَهْبَذِ كِتَابًا تَسْأَلُهُ فِيهِ أَنْ يَحْتَالَ لِصُولٍ حَتَّى يُقِيمَ بِجُرْجَانَ، وَاجْعَلْ لَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ جُعْلًا، فَإِنَّهُ يَبْعَثُ بِكِتَابِكَ إِلَى صُولٍ يَتَقَرَّبُ [ بِهِ ] إِلَيْهِ فَيَتَحَوَّلُ عَنْ جُرْجَانَ فَيَنْزِلُ الْبُحَيْرَةَ، وَإِنْ تَحَوَّلَ عَنْ جُرْجَانَ وَحَاصَرْتَهُ ظَفِرْتَ بِهِ. فَفَعَلَ يَزِيدُ ذَلِكَ، وَضَمِنَ لِلْإصْبَهْبَذَ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ إِنْ هُوَ حَبَسَ صُولًا عَنِ الْبُحَيْرَةِ لِيُحَاصِرَهُ بِجُرْجَانَ، فَأَرْسَلَ الْإِصْبَهْبَذُ الْكِتَابَ إِلَى صُولٍ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ الْكِتَابُ رَحَلَ إِلَى الْبُحَيْرَةِ لِيَتَحَصَّنَ بِهَا، وَبَلَغَ يَزِيدُ مَسِيرَهُ فَخَرَجَ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ وَمَعَهُ فَيْرُوزُ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ ابْنَهُ مَخْلَدًا، وَعَلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ وَكَشَّ وَنَسَفَ وَبُخَارَى ابْنَهُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَلَى طَخَارِسْتَانَ حَاتِمَ بْنَ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ، وَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى أَتَى جُرْجَانَ، فَدَخَلَهَا وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنْهَا أَحَدٌ، وَسَارَ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْبُحَيْرَةِ فَحَصَرَ صُولًا بِهَا، فَكَانَ يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ صُولٌ فَيُقَاتِلُهُ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ، فَمَكَثُوا بِذَلِكَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَأَصَابَهُمْ مَرَضٌ وَمَوْتٌ، فَأَرْسَلَ صُولٌ يَطْلُبُ الصُّلْحَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَخَاصَّتِهِ، وَيُسَلِّمُ إِلَيْهِ الْبُحَيْرَةَ، فَأَجَابَهُ يَزِيدُ، فَخَرَجَ بِمَالِهِ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ مِمَّنْ أَحَبَّ. وَقَتْلَ يَزِيدُ مِنَ الْأَتْرَاكِ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا صَبْرًا، وَأَطْلَقَ الْبَاقِينَ. وَطَلَبَ الْجُنْدُ أَرْزَاقَهُمْ، فَقَالَ لِإِدْرِيسَ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ الْعَمِّيِّ: أَحْصِ لَنَا مَا فِي الْبُحَيْرَةِ حَتَّى نُعْطِيَ الْجُنْدَ. فَدَخَلَهَا إِدْرِيسُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى إِحْصَاءِ مَا فِيهَا، فَقَالَ لِيَزِيدَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ فِي ظُرُوفٍ، فَتُحْصَى الْجَوَالِيقُ وَيُعَلَّمُ مَا فِيهَا وَيُعْطَى الْجُنْدُ فَمَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا عَرَفْنَا مَا أَخَذَ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالْأُرْزِ وَالسِّمْسِمِ وَالْعَسَلِ، فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ وَأَخَذُوا شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ عَلَى خَزَائِنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ، فَرَفَعُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ خَرِيطَةً، فَسَأَلَهُ يَزِيدُ عَنْهَا، فَأَتَاهُ بِهَا فَأَعْطَاهَا شَهْرًا، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَقَدْ بَاعَ شَهْرٌ دِينَهُ بِخَرِيطَةٍ فَمَنْ يَأْمَنِ الْقُرَّاءَ بِعْدَكَ يَا شَهْرُ وَقَالَ مُرَّةُ الْحَنَفِيُّ: يَا ابْنَ الْمُهَلَّبِ مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَى امْرِئٍ لَوْلَاكَ كَانَ كَصَالِحِ الْقُرَّاءِ وَأَصَابَ يَزِيدُ بِجُرْجَانَ تَاجًا فِيهِ جَوْهَرٌ فَقَالَ: أَتَرَوْنَ أَحَدًا يَزْهَدُ فِي هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: لَا. فَدَعَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ وَاسِعٍ الْأَزْدِيَّ فَقَالَ: خُذْ هَذَا التَّاجَ. قَالَ: لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ. قَالَ: عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ. فَأَخَذَهُ، فَأَمْرَ يَزِيدُ رَجُلًا يَنْظُرُ مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ، فَلَقِيَ سَائِلًا فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَخَذَ الرَّجُلُ السَّائِلَ وَأَتَى بِهِ يَزِيدَ وَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَأَخَذَ يَزِيدُ التَّاجَ وَعَوَّضَ السَّائِلَ مَالًا كَثِيرًا.وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ: كَانَ شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ عَلَى خَزَائِنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ فَرَفَعُوا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ خَرِيطَةً فِيهَا مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَأَحْضَرَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ يَزِيدُ: هِيَ لَكَ. ثُمَّ اسْتَدْعَى الَّذِي وَشَى بِهِ فَشَتَمَهُ.
Translation
✧ The conquest of Jurjān and Ṭabaristān In the year ninety-eight, Yazīd b. al-Muhallab raided Jurjān and Ṭabaristān when he came to Khurāsān. The reason for raiding them and his concern with them was that when he was with Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik in Syria, Sulaymān used to say to Yazīd every time Qutaybah achieved a conquest: 'Do you not see what Allah has granted Qutaybah by way of conquest?' Yazīd would say: 'Jurjān has not been dealt with' (that which cut off the road and corrupted Qūmis and Naysābūr), and he would say: 'These conquests are nothing; the matter is Jurjān.' When Sulaymān appointed him over Khurāsān, he had no concern other than Jurjān. So he marched to it with one hundred thousand men from the people of Syria, Iraq, and Khurāsān, besides the mawālī and volunteers. At that time Jurjān was not a city; it was only mountains, defiles, and gates, where a man would stand at one of its gates and no one could advance against him. He began with Quhistān and besieged it. Its people were a group of Turks, and he stayed there. Its people would come out and fight, and the Muslims would defeat them every time. When they were defeated, they entered the fortress. One day they came out, and the people went out against them, and they fought a severe battle. Muḥammad b. Abī Sabrah charged a Turk who had held the people back from him; they exchanged two blows. The Turk's sword stuck in Muḥammad b. Abī Sabrah's helmet, and Ibn Abī Sabrah struck him and killed him. He returned with his sword dripping blood and the Turk's sword in his helmet. The people looked at the finest sight they had seen. After that, one day Yazīd went out to look for a place from which to enter upon them, and he was with four hundred of the notables of the people and their horsemen. They were not aware until the Turks suddenly attacked them with about four thousand men. They fought them for a while, and Yazīd fought a fierce battle. They were saved and withdrew. They had become thirsty, and they reached water and drank, and the enemy turned back from them. Then Yazīd pressed them hard in fighting and cut off supplies from them until they weakened and became helpless. So Ṣūl, the dihqān of Quhistān, sent to Yazīd requesting that he make peace with him and grant him safety for himself, his family, and his property, in return for handing over the city with all that was in it. He made peace with him and fulfilled his promise to him. He entered the city and took from it incalculable wealth, treasures, and captives, and he killed fourteen thousand Turks in cold blood. He wrote to Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik about that. Then he set out until he came to Jurjān. The people of Jurjān had made peace with Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and they used to pay tribute sometimes one hundred thousand, sometimes two hundred thousand, and sometimes three hundred thousand. Sometimes they gave it and sometimes they withheld it. Then they refused and became disbelievers, and they did not pay the kharāj. No one had come to Jurjān after Saʿīd, and they blocked that road. No one could travel the road to Khurāsān except by way of Fāris and Kirmān. The first person to make the road from Qūmis was Qutaybah b. Muslim when he governed Khurāsān. The matter of Jurjān remained like that until Yazīd was appointed and came to them. They met him with peace and offered him more, fearing him. He agreed to that and made peace with them. The conquest of Ṭabaristān: When he conquered Quhistān and Jurjān, he aspired to conquer Ṭabaristān, so he resolved to march to it. He appointed ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿammar al-Yashkurī over al-Sāsān and Quhistān, leaving with him four thousand men. Then he advanced to the nearest part of Jurjān adjacent to Ṭabaristān and appointed Rāshid b. ʿAmr over Aydhūsā, placing him with four thousand men. He entered the land of Ṭabaristān. The Iṣbahbadh, its ruler, sent to him asking for peace and that he leave Ṭabaristān, but Yazīd refused, hoping to conquer it. He dispatched his brother Abū ʿUyaynah from one direction, his son Khālid b. Yazīd from another, and Abū al-Jahm al-Kalbī from another, saying: 'When you gather, let Abū ʿUyaynah be in command of the people.' Abū ʿUyaynah marched, and Yazīd remained encamped. The Iṣbahbadh called for reinforcements from the people of Jīlān and al-Daylam, and they came to him. They met at the foot of a mountain. The polytheists were defeated into the mountain, and the Muslims pursued them until they reached the mouth of the mountain pass. The Muslims entered it, and the polytheists climbed the mountain. The Muslims followed them trying to ascend, but the enemy shot arrows and threw stones at them. Abū ʿUyaynah and the Muslims were defeated, riding over one another, tumbling down the mountain until they reached Yazīd's camp. The enemy held back from pursuing them out of fear of them. The Iṣbahbadh was afraid of them. The people of Jurjān and their leader, the Marzubān, asked him to launch a night attack on the Muslims who were with them and to cut off Yazīd's supply line and the road between him and the lands of Islam, promising to reward them for that. They rose against the Muslims and killed them all while they were heedless at night. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿammar and all those with him were killed; none of them escaped. They wrote to the Iṣbahbadh about seizing the mountain passes and roads. That reached Yazīd and his companions, and it weighed heavily upon them and terrified them. Yazīd took refuge with Ḥayyān al-Nabaṭī and said to him: 'Do not let what I did to you prevent you from advising the Muslims sincerely. News has come to us from Jurjān about what happened, so work on a peace agreement.' He said: 'Yes.' Ḥayyān went to the Iṣbahbadh and said: 'I am one of your people, even if religion has separated me from you, and I am sincere to you. You are dearer to me than Yazīd. He has sent for reinforcements, and his reinforcements are near. They only struck a part of him. I am not confident that someone will come to you whom you cannot withstand. So relieve yourself and make peace with him. If you make peace with him, he will turn his wrath upon the people of Jurjān for their treachery and their killing of his companions.' So he made peace with him for seven hundred thousand, or it is said five hundred thousand, and four hundred loads of saffron, or its value in coin, and four hundred men, each man bearing a shield and a ṭaylasān, and with each man a silver cup, a piece of silk, and a garment. Then Ḥayyān returned to Yazīd and said: 'Send someone to receive their peace payment.' He said: 'From their side or ours?' He said: 'From theirs.' Yazīd was pleased to give them what they asked and to return to Jurjān. So they sent to Yazīd someone to receive what Ḥayyān had agreed upon with them, and he departed to Jurjān. Yazīd had fined Ḥayyān two hundred thousand dirhams. The reason for that was that Ḥayyān wrote to Makhlad b. Yazīd and began with himself. His son Muqātil b. Ḥayyān said to him: 'You write to Makhlad and begin with yourself?' He said: 'Yes, and if he is not pleased, he will meet what Qutaybah met.' Makhlad sent the letter to his father Yazīd, who fined him two hundred thousand dirhams. It is said that the reason for Yazīd's march to Jurjān was that Ṣūl the Turk used to dwell in Quhistān and al-Buḥayrah, which is an island in the sea between it and Quhistān, five parasangs apart, and both are part of Jurjān adjacent to Khwārazm. He used to raid Fayrūz b. Qawl, the Marzubān of Jurjān, and raid his lands. Fayrūz feared him, so he traveled to Yazīd in Khurāsān and came to him. Yazīd asked him the reason for his coming, and he said: 'I feared Ṣūl and fled from him, and Ṣūl took Jurjān.' Yazīd said to Fayrūz: 'Is there any stratagem to fight him?' He said: 'Yes, one thing. If you achieve it, you will kill him and he will surrender.' He said: 'What is it?' He said: 'Write to the Iṣbahbadh a letter asking him to devise a ruse against Ṣūl so that he stays in Jurjān, and offer him a reward for that. He will send your letter to Ṣūl to ingratiate himself with him, and he will move from Jurjān and settle in al-Buḥayrah. If he moves from Jurjān and you besiege him, you will capture him.' Yazīd did that and guaranteed the Iṣbahbadh fifty thousand dinars if he kept Ṣūl from al-Buḥayrah so that he could besiege him in Jurjān. The Iṣbahbadh sent the letter to Ṣūl. When the letter reached him, he departed to al-Buḥayrah to fortify himself there. Yazīd learned of his departure and marched to Jurjān with Fayrūz. He appointed his son Makhlad over Khurāsān, his son Muʿāwiyah over Samarqand, Kashsh, Nasaf, and Bukhārā, and Ḥātim b. Qabīṣah b. al-Muhallab over Ṭakhāristān. He advanced until he came to Jurjān and entered it, with no one preventing him. Then he marched from there to al-Buḥayrah and besieged Ṣūl there. Ṣūl would come out and fight him, then return. They remained so for six months. Disease and death struck them. Ṣūl sent to request peace for himself, his property, and three hundred of his family and close associates, and to hand over al-Buḥayrah to him. Yazīd agreed. So he departed with his property and three hundred of those he chose. Yazīd killed fourteen thousand Turks in cold blood and released the rest. The army demanded their stipends. He said to Idrīs b. Ḥanẓalah al-ʿAmmī: 'Count for us what is in al-Buḥayrah so that we may give the army.' Idrīs entered it but could not count what was in it. He said to Yazīd: 'I cannot do that because it is in containers. Let the sacks be counted and marked with what is in them and given to the army, so that whoever takes something, we will know what he took of wheat, barley, rice, sesame, and honey.' They did that and took a great deal. Shahr b. Ḥawshab was in charge of Yazīd b. al-Muhallab's treasuries. They reported to him that he had taken a bag. Yazīd asked him about it, and he brought it to him and gave it to Shahr. Some of them said: Shahr sold his religion for a bag; who can trust the Qur'ān reciters after you, O Shahr? And Murrah al-Ḥanafī said: O son of al-Muhallab, what did you want with a man, had it not been for you he would have been like the righteous reciters? Yazīd obtained in Jurjān a crown containing jewels. He said: 'Do you think anyone would renounce this?' They said: 'No.' He summoned Muḥammad b. Wāsiʿ al-Azdī and said: 'Take this crown.' He said: 'I have no need of it.' He said: 'I adjure you.' So he took it. Yazīd ordered a man to see what he would do with it. He met a beggar and gave it to him. The man took the beggar and brought him to Yazīd and informed him. Yazīd took the crown and compensated the beggar with much wealth. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Madāʾinī said: Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī said: Shahr b. Ḥawshab was in charge of Yazīd b. al-Muhallab's treasuries. They reported to him that he had taken a bag containing one hundred dinars. He asked him about it, and he said: 'Yes.' He brought it. Yazīd said to him: 'It is yours.' Then he summoned the one who had informed on him and reviled him.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.