Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2373
The Year Ninety-Two
فَتْحِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ وَفِي سنة إحدى وتسعين غَزَا طَارِقُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ مَوْلَى مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ بِلَادَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ مَلِكُهَا أَذَرِينُوقُ فِي جَحَافِلِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ تَاجُهُ وَمَعَهُ سَرِيرُ مُلْكِهِ، فَقَاتَلَهُ طَارِقٌ فَهَزَمَهُ، وَغَنِمَ مَا فِي مُعَسْكَرِهِ، فَكَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ ذَلِكَ السَّرِيرُ، وَتَمَلَّكَ بِلَادَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ بِكَمَالِهَا. قَالَ الذَّهَبِيُّ: كَانَ طَارِقُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ أَمِيرَ طَنْجَةَ، وَهِيَ أَقْصَى بِلَادِ الْمَغْرِبِ، وَكَانَ نَائِبًا لِمَوْلَاهُ مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْخَضْرَاءِ يَسْتَنْجِدُ بِهِ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ، فَدَخَلَ طَارِقٌ إِلَى جَزِيرَةِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ مِنْ زُقَاقِ سَبْتَةَ، وَانْتَهَزَ الْفُرْصَةَ لِكَوْنِ الْفِرِنْجِ قَدِ اقْتَتَلُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَأَمْعَنَ طَارِقٌ فِي بِلَادِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ فَافْتَتَحَ قُرْطُبَةَ، وَقَتَلَ مَلِكَهَا أَذَرِينُوقَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ بِالْفَتْحِ، فَحَسَدَهُ مُوسَى عَلَى الِانْفِرَادِ بِهَذَا الْفَتْحِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ يُبَشِّرُهُ بِالْفَتْحِ، وَيَنْسِبُهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ يَتَوَعَّدُهُ لِكَوْنِهِ دَخَلَ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهِ، وَيَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ لَا يَتَجَاوَزَ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى يَلْحَقَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَيْهِ مُسْرِعًا بِجُيُوشِهِ، فَدَخَلَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ وَمَعَهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْفِهْرِيُّ، فَأَقَامَ سِنِينَ يَفْتَحُ فِي بِلَادِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَيَأْخُذُ الْمُدُنَ وَالْأَمْوَالَ، وَيَقْتُلُ الرِّجَالَ، وَيَأْسِرُ النِّسَاءَ وَالْأَطْفَالَ، فَغَنِمَ شَيْئًا لَا يُحَدُّ وَلَا يُوصَفُ وَلَا يُعَدُّ مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ وَالْيَوَاقِيتِ وَالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَمِنْ آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَالْأَثَاثِ وَالْخُيُولِ وَالْبِغَالِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَفَتَحَ مِنَ الْأَقَالِيمِ الْكِبَارِ وَالْمُدُنِ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا. أول من سكن الأندلس وسبب تسميتها بالأندلس وقَالُوا: أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَكَنَهَا قَوْمٌ يُعْرَفُونَ بِالْأَنْدَلُشِ، بِشِينٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ، فَسُمِّيَ الْبَلَدُ بِهِمْ، ثُمَّ عُرِّبَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِسِينٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ، وَالنَّصَارَى يُسَمُّونَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ أَشْبَانِيَّةَ، بِاسْمِ رَجُلٍ صُلِبَ فِيهَا يُقَالُ لَهُ: أَشْبَانِسُ، وَقِيلَ: بِاسْمِ مَلِكٍ كَانَ بِهَا فِي الزَّمَانِ الْأَوَّلِ اسْمُهُ إِشْبَانُ بْنُ طِيطَسَ، وَهَذَا هُوَ اسْمُهَا عِنْدَ بَطْلَيْمُوسَ. وَقِيلَ: سُمِّيَتْ بِأَنْدَلُسَ بْنِ يَافِثَ بْنِ نُوحٍ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ عَمَّرَهَا. قِيلَ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَكَنَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ بَعْدَ الطُّوفَانِ قَوْمٌ يُعْرَفُونَ بِالْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَعَمَرُوهَا وَتَدَاوَلُوا مُلْكَهَا دَهْرًا طَوِيلًا، وَكَانُوا مَجُوسًا، ثُمَّ حَبَسَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمُ الْمَطَرَ، وَتَوَالَى عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَحْطُ، فَهَلَكَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ، وَفَرَّ مِنْهَا مَنْ أَطَاقَ الْفِرَارَ، فَخَلَتِ الْأَنْدَلُسُ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ ابْتَعَثَ اللَّهُ لِعِمَارَتِهَا الْأَفَارِقَةَ، فَدَخَلَ إِلَيْهَا قَوْمٌ مِنْهُمْ أَجْلَاهُمْ مَلِكُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ تَخَفُّفًا مِنْهُمْ لِقَحْطٍ تَوَالَى عَلَى بِلَادِهِ حَتَّى كَادَ يُفْنِي أَهْلَهَا، فَحَمَلَهُمْ فِي السُّفُنِ مَعَ أَمِيرٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَأَرْسَوْا بِجَزِيرَةِ قَادِسَ، وَرَأَوُا الْأَنْدَلُسَ قَدْ أَخْصَبَتْ بِلَادُهَا، وَجَرَتْ أَنْهَارُهَا، فَسَكَنُوهَا، وَعَمَّرُوهَا، وَنَصَبُوا لَهُمْ مُلُوكًا يَضْبِطُونَ أَمْرَهُمْ، وَهُمْ عَلَى دِينِ مَنْ قَبْلَهُمْ، وَكَانَتْ دَارُ مَمْلَكَتِهِمْ طَالِقَةَ الْخَرَابِ مِنْ أَرْضِ إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ بَنَوْهَا وَسَكَنُوهَا، وَأَقَامُوا مُدَّةً تَزِيدُ عَلَى مِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، مَلَكَ مِنْهُمْ فِيهَا أَحَدَ عَشَرَ مَلِكًا. ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَجَمَ رُومَةَ، وَمَلِكُهُمْ إِشْبَانُ بْنُ طِيطَسَ، فَغَزَاهُمْ وَمَزَّقَهُمْ وَقَتَلَ فِيهِمْ، وَحَاصَرَهُمْ بِطَالِقَةَ وَقَدْ تَحَصَّنُوا فِيهَا فَابْتَنَى عَلَيْهِمْ إِشْبَانِيَّةَ، وَهِيَ إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ، وَاتَّخَذَهَا دَارَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، وَكَثُرَتْ جُمُوعُهُ وَعَتَا وَتَجَبَّرَ، وَغَزَا بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فَغَنِمَ مَا فِيهِ وَقَتَلَ فِيهِ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، وَنَقَلَ الْمَرْمَرَ مِنْهُ إِلَى إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَغَنِمَ أَيْضًا مَائِدَةَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي غَنِمَهَا طَارِقٌ مِنْ طُلَيْطِلَةَ لَمَّا افْتَتَحَهَا، وَغَنِمَ أَيْضًا قُلَيْلَةَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْحَجَرِ الَّذِي لُقِيَ بِمَارِدَةَ. وَكَانَ هَذَا إِشْبَانُ قَدْ وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ الْخَضِرُ وَهُوَ يَحْرُثُ الْأَرْضَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا إِشْبَانُ سَوْفَ تَحْظَى وَتَمْلِكُ وَتَعْلُو، فَإِذَا مَلَكْتَ إِيلِيَاءَ فَارْفُقْ بِذُرِّيَّةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ. فَقَالَ: أَتُسْخَرُ مِنِّي ؟ كَيْفَ يَنَالُ مِثْلِي الْمُلْكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: قَدْ جَعَلَهُ فِيكَ مَنْ جَعَلَ عَصَاكَ هَذِهِ كَمَا تَرَى. فَنَظَرَ فَإِذَا هِيَ قَدْ أَوْرَقَتْ، فَارْتَاعَ وَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الْخَضِرُ، وَقَدْ وَثِقَ إِشْبَانُ بِقَوْلِهِ، فَدَاخَلَ النَّاسَ، فَارْتَقَى حَتَّى مَلَكَ مُلْكًا عَظِيمًا، وَكَانَ مُلْكُهُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَدَامَ مُلْكُ الْإِشْبَانِيِّينَ بَعْدَهُ إِلَى أَنْ مُلِّكَ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةٌ وَخَمْسُونَ مَلِكًا. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ عَجَمِ رُومَةَ أَمَّةٌ يُدْعَونَ الْبَشْنُولِيَّاتِ، وَمَلِكُهُمْ طُوَيْشُ بْنُ نِيطَهْ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمَسِيحَ، فَغَلَبُوا عَلَيْهَا، وَاسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى مُلْكِهَا، وَكَانَتْ مَدِينَةُ مَارِدَةَ دَارَ مَمْلَكَتِهِمْ، وَمَلَكَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ مَلِكًا. دخول القوط بلاد الأندلس وولاية لذريق ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أُمَّةُ الْقُوطِ مَعَ مَلِكٍ لَهُمْ، فَغَلَبُوا عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ فَاقْتَطَعُوهَا مِنْ يَوْمِئِذٍ عَنْ صَاحِبِ رُومَةَ، وَكَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ ظُهُورِهِمْ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ إِيطَالِيَّةَ شَرْقِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَأَغَارَتْ عَلَى بِلَادِ مَجْدُونِيَّةَ مِنْ تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي أَيَّامِ قِلْيُوذِيُوسَ قَيْصَرَ، ثَالِثِ الْقَيَاصِرَةِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهَزَمَهُمْ وَقَتَلَ فِيهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَظْهَرُوا بَعْدَهَا إِلَى أَيَّامِ قُسْطَنْطِينَ الْأَكْبَرِ وَأَعَادُوا الْغَارَةَ، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِمْ جَيْشًا فَلَمْ يَثْبُتُوا لَهُ، وَانْقَطَعَ خَبَرُهُمْ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دَوْلَةِ قَيْصَرَ، فَإِنَّهُمْ قَدَّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَمِيرًا اسْمُهُ لُذْرِيقُ، وَكَانَ يَعْبُدُ الْأَوْثَانَ، فَسَارَ إِلَى رُومَةَ لِيَحْمِلَ النَّصَارَى عَلَى السُّجُودِ لِأَوْثَانِهِ، فَظَهَرَ مِنْهُ سُوءُ سِيرَتِهِ، فَتَخَاذَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ عَنْهُ وَمَالُوا إِلَى أَخِيهِ وَحَارَبُوهُ، فَاسْتَعَانَ بِصَاحِبِ رُومَةَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ جَيْشًا، فَهَزَمَ أَخَاهُ، وَدَانَ بِدِينِ النَّصَارَى، وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. ولاية إقريط وإِمْلَرِيقُ وغْدِيشُ ثُمَّ وَلِيَ بَعْدَهُ إِقْرِيطُ، وَبَعْدَهُ إِمْلَرِيقُ، وَبَعْدَهُ وَغْدِيشُ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ عَادُوا إِلَى عِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ، فَجَمَعَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَسَارَ إِلَى رُومَةَ، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ مَلِكُ الرُّومِ جَيْشًا، فَهَزَمُوهُ وَقَتَلُوهُ. ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ الرِّيقُ، وَكَانَ زِنْدِيقًا شُجَاعًا، فَسَارَ لِيَأْخُذَ بِثَأْرِ وَغْدِيشَ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَعَهُ، وَنَازَلَ رُومِيَّةَ وَحَاصَرَهَا، وَضَيَّقَ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا، وَدَخَلَهَا عَنْوَةً وَغَنِمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ أُسْطُولَ الْبَحْرِ وَسَارَ إِلَى صِقِلِّيَةَ لِيَفْتَحَهَا وَيَغْنَمَ مَا فِيهَا، فَغَرَقَ أَكْثَرُ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَهُوَ فِيمَنْ غَرِقَ. ثُمَّ مَلَكَ بَعْدَهُ أَطْلُوفُ سِتَّ سِنِينَ، وَخَرَجَ عَنْ بَلَدِ إِيطَالِيَّةَ، وَأَقَامَ بِبَلَدِ غَالِيِسَ مُجَاوِرًا أَقْصَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ، ثُمَّ انْتَقَلَ مِنْهَا إِلَى بَرْشِلُونَةَ. ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أَخُوهُ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ وَالْيَا، ثُمَّ بُورَدَزَارِيشُ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ ابْنُهُ طَرَشْمَنْدُ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أَخُوهُ لُذْرِيقُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أُورِيقُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ الرِّيقُ بِطَلُوشَةَ ثَلَاثًا وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ عِشْلِيقُ، ثُمَّ أَمْلِيقُ سَنَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ تُوذِيُوشُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَخَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ طُودِتِقْلِيسُ سَنَةً وَثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أَثْلَةُ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أَطْلَنْجَهْ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ لِيُوبَا ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أَخُوهُ لُوِيلْدُ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ طُلَيْطِلَةَ دَارَ مُلْكٍ، وَنَزَلَهَا لِيَكُونَ مُتَوَسِّطًا لِمُلْكِهِ لِيُحَارِبَ مَنْ خَرَجَ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ عَنْ قَرِيبٍ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُحَارِبُ مَنْ خَرَجَ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ حَتَّى احْتَوَى عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَبَنَى مَدِينَةَ رُقُوبَلَ وَأَتْقَنَهَا وَأَكْثَرَ بَسَاتِينَهَا، وَهُوَ عَلَى الْقُرْبِ مِنْ طُلَيْطِلَةَ، وَسَمَّاهَا بِاسْمِ وَلَدِهِ، وَغَزَا بِلَادَ الْبَشْقَنْسِ حَتَّى أَذَلَّهُمْ، وَخَطَبَ إِلَى مَلِكِ الْفِرِنْجِ ابْنَتَهُ لِوَلَدِهِ أَرْمِنْجِلْدَ، فَزَوَّجَهُ وَأَسْكَنَهُ إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ، فَحَسَّنَتْ لَهُ عِصْيَانَ وَالِدِهِ، فَفَعَلَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَبَوْهُ وَحَصَرَهُمَا وَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِ، وَطَالَ مَقَامُهُ إِلَى أَنْ أَخَذَهُ عَنْوَةً، وَسَجَنَهُ إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ. ثُمَّ مَلَكَ بَعْدَ لُوِيلِدَ ابْنُهُ رِكُرْدُ، وَكَانَ حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ، فَجَمَعَ الْأَسَاقِفَةَ وَغَيَّرَ سِيرَةَ أَبِيهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْبِلَادَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَكَانُوا نَحْوَ ثَمَانِينَ أُسْقُفًا، وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا عَفِيفًا قَدْ لَبِسَ ثِيَابَ الرُّهْبَانِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي بَنَى الْكَنِيسَةَ الْمَعْرُوفَةَ بِالْوَزْقَةِ بِإِزَاءِ مَدِينَةِ وَادِي آشْ. ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ لِيُوبَا فَسَارَ كَسِيرَةِ أَبِيهِ، فَاغْتَالَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقُوطِ يُقَالُ لَهُ بِتْرِيقُ، فَقَتَلَهُ، وَمَلَكَ بَعْدَهُ بِتْرِيقُ هَذَا بِغَيْرِ رِضَا أَهْلِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَكَانَ مُجْرِمًا طَاغِيًا فَاسِقًا، فَثَارَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَاصَّتِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ. ( ثُمَّ مَلَكَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ غَنْدِمَارُ سَنَتَيْنِ )، ثُمَّ مَلَكَ بَعْدَهُ سَيْسَيْفُوطُ، وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ، وَكَانَ حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ رِكْرِيدُ، وَكَانَ صَغِيرًا عُمْرُهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، وَمَاتَ، ثُمَّ مَلَكَ شَنْتَلَهْ، وَكَانَ مُلْكُهُ عِنْدَ الْبَعْثِ، وَكَانَ مَشْكُورًا، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ سِشْنِنْدُ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ خَنْتَلَةُ سِتَّةَ أَعْوَامٍ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ ( خِنِدْسُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَعْوَامٍ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ بُنْبَانُ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَعْوَامٍ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ ) أَرَوَى سَبْعَ سِنِينَ. وَكَانَ فِي دَوْلَتِهِ قَحْطٌ شَدِيدٌ حَتَّى كَادَتْ بِلَادُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ تَخْرَبُ لِشِدَّةِ الْجُوعِ. ثُمَّ بَعْدَهُ أَبْقَةُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ جَائِرًا مَذْمُومًا، ثُمَّ مَلَكَ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ غِيطْشَةَ، وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ لِلْهِجْرَةِ، وَكَانَ حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ لَيِّنَ الْعَرِيكَةِ وَأَطْلَقَ كُلَّ مَحْبُوسٍ كَانَ فِي سِجْنِ أَبِيهِ، وَأَدَّى الْأَمْوَالَ إِلَى أَرْبَابِهَا. ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَخَلَفَ وَلَدَيْنِ، فَلَمْ يَرْضَ بِهِمَا أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَتَرَاضَوْا بِرَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ رُذَرِيقُ، وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا وَلَيْسَ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمُلْكِ، وَكَانَتْ عَادَةُ مُلُوكِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ أَنَّهُمْ يَبْعَثُونَ أَوْلَادَهُمُ الذُّكُورَ وَالْإِنَاثَ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ طُلَيْطِلَةَ يَكُونُونَ فِي خِدْمَةِ الْمَلِكِ، لَا يَخْدُمُهُ غَيْرُهُمْ يَتَأَدَّبُونَ بِذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا بَلَغُوا الْحُلُمَ أَنْكَحَ بَعْضَهُمْ بَعْضًا وَتَوَلَّى تَجْهِيزَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ رُذَرِيقُ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ يُولْيَانُ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْخَضْرَاءِ وَسَبْتَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، ابْنَةً لَهُ، فَاسْتَحْسَنَهَا رُذَرِيقُ وَافْتَضَّهَا، فَكَتَبَتْ إِلَى أَبِيهَا، فَأَغْضَبَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ عَامِلِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ بِالطَّاعَةِ، وَاسْتَدْعَاهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَدْخَلَهُ يُولْيَانُ مَدَائِنَهُ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ الْعُهُودَ لَهُ وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ بِمَا يَرْضَى بِهِ، ثُمَّ وَصَفَ لَهُ الْأَنْدَلُسَ وَدَعَاهُ إِلَيْهَا، وَذَلِكَ آخِرُ سِنَةِ تِسْعِينَ. كتاب يوليان إلى موسى بن نصير فَكَتَبَ مُوسَى إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَمَا دَعَاهُ إِلَيْهِ يُولْيَانُ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلِيدُ: خُضْهَا بِالسَّرَايَا، وَلَا تُغَرِّرْ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي بَحْرٍ شَدِيدِ الْأَهْوَالِ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُوسَى: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِبَحْرٍ مُتَّسِعٍ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ خَلِيجٌ يَبِينُ مَا وَرَاءَهُ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلِيدُ أَنِ اخْتَبِرْهَا بِالسَّرَايَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا حَكَيْتَ. فَبَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ طَرِيفٌ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ وَمَعَهُمْ مِائَةُ فَرَسٍ، فَسَارَ فِي أَرْبَعِ سَفَائِنَ، فَخَرَجَ فِي جَزِيرَةٍ بِالْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَسُمِّيَتْ جَزِيرَةُ طَرِيفٍ لِنُزُولِهِ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ أَغَارَ عَلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ الْخَضْرَاءِ، فَأَصَابَ غَنِيمَةً كَثِيرَةً، وَرَجَعَ سَالِمًا فِي رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ تَسَرَّعُوا إِلَى الْغَزْوِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ مُوسَى دَعَا مَوْلًى لَهُ كَانَ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَاتِ جُيُوشِهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ طَارِقُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، فَبَعَثَهُ فِي سَبْعَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَكْثَرُهُمُ الْبَرْبَرُ وَالْمُوَالِي وَأَقَلُّهُمُ الْعَرَبُ، فَسَارُوا فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَقَصَدَ إِلَى جَبَلٍ مُنِيفٍ، وَهُوَ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالْبَرِّ فَنَزَلَهُ، فَسُمِّيَ الْجَبَلُ جَبَلَ طَارِقٍ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، وَلَمَّا مَلَكَ عَبْدُ الْمُؤْمِنِ الْبِلَادَ أَمَرَ بِبِنَاءِ مَدِينَةٍ عَلَى هَذَا الْجَبَلِ وَسَمَّاهُ جَبَلَ الْفَتْحِ، فَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ لَهُ هَذَا الِاسْمُ وَجَرَتِ الْأَلْسِنَةُ عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ. وَكَانَ حُلُولُ طَارِقٍ فِيهِ فِي رَجَبٍ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ. وَلَمَّا رَكِبَ طَارِقٌ الْبَحْرَ غَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنُهُ، فَرَأَى النَّبِيَّ وَمَعَهُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ قَدْ تَقَلَّدُوا السُّيُوفَ وَتَنْكَبُّوا الْقِسِيَّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: يَا طَارِقُ تَقَدَّمْ لِشَأْنِكَ. وَأَمَرَهُ بِالرِّفْقِ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ، فَنَظَرَ طَارِقٌ فَرَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَأَصْحَابَهُ قَدْ دَخَلُوا الْأَنْدَلُسَ أَمَامَهُ، فَاسْتَيْقَظَ مِنْ نَوْمِهُ مُسْتَبْشِرًا، وَبَشَّرَ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَقَوِيَتْ نَفْسُهُ، وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ فِي الظَّفَرِ. فَلَمَّا تَكَامَلَ أَصْحَابُ طَارِقٍ بِالْجَبَلِ نَزَلَ إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ، وَفَتَحَ الْجَزِيرَةَ الْخَضْرَاءَ، فَأَصَابَ بِهَا عَجُوزًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: إِنِّي كَانَ لِي زَوْجٌ، وَكَانَ عَالِمًا بِالْحَوَادِثِ، وَكَانَ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ عَنْ أَمِيرٍ يَدْخُلُ بَلَدَهُمْ فَيَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ، وَوَصَفَ مِنْ نَعْتِهِ أَنَّهُ ضَخْمُ الْهَامَةِ، وَأَنَّ فِي كَتِفِهِ الْيُسْرَى شَامَةٌ عَلَيْهَا شَعْرٌ، فَكَشَفَ طَارِقٌ ثَوْبَهُ، فَإِذَا الشَّامَةُ كَمَا ذَكَرَتْ، فَاسْتَبْشَرَ طَارِقٌ أَيْضًا هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ. وَنَزَلَ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ، وَافْتَتَحَ الْجَزِيرَةَ الْخَضْرَاءَ وَغَيْرَهَا، وَفَارَقَ الْحِصْنَ الَّذِي فِي الْجَبَلِ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رُذَرِيقُ غَزْوَ طَارِقٍ بِلَادَهُ عَظُمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ غَائِبًا فِي غَزَاتِهِ، فَرَجَعَ مِنْهَا وَطَارِقٌ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِلَادَهُ، فَجَمَعَ لَهُ جَمْعًا يُقَالُ بَلَغَ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ طَارِقًا الْخَبَرُ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُوسَى يَسْتَمِدُّهُ وَيُخْبِرُهُ بِمَا فَتَحَ، وَأَنَّهُ زَحَفَ إِلَيْهِ مَلِكُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ بِمَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُ بِهِ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ، فَتَكَامَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَمَعَهُمْ يُولْيَانُ يَدُلُّهُمْ عَلَى عَوْرَةِ الْبِلَادِ، وَيَتَجَسَّسُ لَهُمُ الْأَخْبَارَ. فَأَتَاهُمْ رُذَرِيقُ فِي جُنْدِهِ، فَالْتَقَوْا عَلَى نَهْرِ لَكَّةَ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ شَذُونَةَ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ بَقِيَتَا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ، وَاتَّصَلَتِ الْحَرْبُ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَكَانَ عَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ وَمَيْسَرَتِهِ وَلَدَا الْمَلِكِ الَّذِي كَانَ قَبْلَهُ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ الْمُلُوكِ، وَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى الْهَزِيمَةِ بُغْضًا لِرُذَرِيقَ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذَا امْتَلَأَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ عَادُوا إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ وَبَقِيَ الْمُلْكُ لَنَا. فَانْهَزَمُوا وَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ رُذَرِيقَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَغَرِقَ رُذَرِيقُ فِي النَّهْرِ، وَسَارَ طَارِقٌ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ إِسْتِجَةَ مُتَّبِعًا لَهُمْ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَهْلُهَا وَمَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَقَاتَلُوهُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ انْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَلَمْ يَلْقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْدَهَا حَرْبًا مِثْلَهَا. وَنَزَلَ طَارِقٌ عَلَى عَيْنٍ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ مَدِينَةِ إِسْتِجَةَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَمْيَالٍ، فَسُمِّيَتْ عَيْنُ طَارِقٍ إِلَى الْآنِ. وَلَمَّا سَمِعَتِ الْقُوطُ بِهَاتَيْنِ الْهَزِيمَتَيْنِ قَذَفَ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ، وَكَانُوا يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ فِعْلَ طَرِيفٍ، فَهَرَبُوا إِلَى طُلَيْطِلَةَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَوْهَمَهُمْ أَنَّهُ يَأْكُلُهُمْ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا طُلَيْطِلَةَ، وَأَخْلَوْا مَدَائِنَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ قَالَ لَهُ يُولْيَانُ: قَدْ فَرَغْتَ مِنَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَفَرِّقْ جُيُوشَكَ وَسِرْ أَنْتَ إِلَى طُلَيْطِلَةَ. فَفَرَّقَ جُيُوشَهُ مِنْ مَدِينَةِ إِسْتِجَةَ، وَبَعَثَ جَيْشًا إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، وَجَيْشًا إِلَى غَرْنَاطَةَ، وَجَيْشًا إِلَى مَالِقَةَ، وَجَيْشًا إِلَى تُدْمِيرَ، وَسَارَ هُوَ وَمُعْظَمُ الْجَيْشِ إِلَى جَيَّانَ يُرِيدُ طُلَيْطِلَةَ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ طُلَيْطِلَةَ وَجَدَهَا خَالِيَةً، وَقَدْ لَحِقَ مَنْ كَانَ بِهَا بِمَدِينَةٍ خَلْفَ الْجَبَلِ يُقَالُ لَهَا: مَايَةَ. فَأَمَّا الْجَيْشُ الَّذِي سَارَ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ دَلَّهُمْ رَاعٍ عَلَى ثَغْرَةٍ فِي سُورِهَا، فَدَخَلُوا مِنْهَا الْبَلَدَ وَمَلَكُوهُ. وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ قَصَدُوا تُدْمِيرَ فَلَقِيَهُمْ صَاحِبُهَا، وَاسْمُهُ تُدْمِيرُ وَبِهِ سُمِّيَتْ، وَكَانَ اسْمُهَا أَرْوَيُولَةَ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ جَيْشٌ كَثِيفٌ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ انْهَزَمَ فَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَأَمَرَ تُدْمِيرُ النِّسَاءَ، فَلَبِسْنَ السِّلَاحَ، ثُمَّ صَالَحَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَيْهَا، وَفَتَحَ سَائِرُ الْجُيُوشِ مَا قَصَدُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْبِلَادِ. وَأَمَّا طَارِقٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى طُلَيْطِلَةَ فَارِغَةً ضَمَّ إِلَيْهَا الْيَهُودَ، وَتَرَكَ مَعَهُمْ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَسَارَ هُوَ إِلَى وَادِي الْحِجَارَةِ، فَقَطَعَ الْجَبَلَ مِنْ فَجٍّ فِيهِ، فَسُمِّيَ بِفَجِّ طَارِقٍ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ. وَانْتَهَى إِلَى مَدِينَةٍ خَلْفَ الْجَبَلِ تُسَمَّى مَدِينَةَ الْمَائِدَةِ، وَفِيهَا وَجَدَ مَائِدَةَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَهِيَ مِنْ زَبَرْجَدٍ خُضْرٍ، حَافَّاتُهَا وَأَرْجُلُهَا مِنْهَا مُكَلَّلَةٌ بِاللُّؤْلُؤِ وَالْمَرْجَانِ وَالْيَاقُوتِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ لَهَا ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَسِتُّونَ رِجْلًا. ثُمَّ مَضَى إِلَى مَدِينَةِ مَايَةَ، فَغَنِمَ مِنْهَا وَرَجَعَ إِلَى طُلَيْطِلَةَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَقِيلَ: اقْتَحَمَ أَرْضَ جِلِّيقِيَّةَ، فَخَرَقَهَا حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مَدِينَةِ إِسْتَرْقَةَ، وَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى طُلَيْطِلَةَ، وَوَافَتْهُ جُيُوشُهُ الَّتِي وَجَّهَهَا مِنْ إِسْتِجَةَ بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِمْ مِنْ فَتْحِ تِلْكَ الْمُدُنِ الَّتِي سَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَيْهَا. دخول موسى بن نصير الأندلس وَدَخْلَ مُوسَى بْنُ نُصَيْرٍ الْأَنْدَلُسَ فِي رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَتِسْعِينَ فِي جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَهُ مَا صَنَعَ طَارِقٌ فَحَسَدَهُ، فَلَمَّا عَبَرَ إِلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ وَنَزَلَ الْجَزِيرَةَ الْخَضْرَاءَ قِيلَ لَهُ: تَسْلُكُ طَرِيقَ طَارِقٍ، فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْأَدِلَّاءُ: نَحْنُ نَدُلُّكَ عَلَى طَرِيقٍ أَشْرَفَ مِنْ طَرِيقِهِ وَمَدَائِنَ لَمْ تُفْتَحْ بَعْدُ، وَوَعَدَهُ يُولْيَانُ بِفَتْحٍ عَظِيمٍ، فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ غَمَّهُ. فَسَارُوا بِهِ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ ابْنِ السُّلَيْمِ فَافْتَتَحَهَا عَنْوَةً، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ قَرْمُونَةَ، وَهِيَ أَحْصَنُ مُدُنِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، فَقَدِمَ إِلَيْهَا يُولْيَانُ وَخَاصَّتُهُ، فَأَتَوْهُمْ عَلَى حَالِ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ مَعَهُمُ السِّلَاحُ، فَأَدْخَلُوهُمْ مَدِينَتَهُمْ، فَأَرْسَلَ مُوسَى إِلَيْهِمُ الْخَيْلَ، فَفَتَحُوهَا لَهُمْ لَيْلًا، فَدَخَلَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَمَلَكُوهَا، ثُمَّ سَارَ مُوسَى إِلَى إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ مَدَائِنِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ بُنْيَانًا وَأَعَزِّهَا آثَارًا، فَحَصَرَهَا أَشْهُرًا، وَفَتَحَهَا وَهَرَبَ مَنْ بِهَا، فَأَنْزَلَهَا مُوسَى الْيَهُودَ، وَسَارَ إِلَى مَدِينَةٍ مَارِدَةَ فَحَصَرَهَا، وَقَدْ كَانَ أَهْلُهَا خَرَجُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَاتَلُوهُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَكَمِنَ لَهُمْ مُوسَى لَيْلًا فِي مَقَاطِعِ الصَّخْرِ، فَلَمْ يَرَهُمُ الْكُفَّارُ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا زَحَفَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَخَرَجُوا إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى عَادَتِهِمْ، فَخَرَجُوا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْكَمِينِ وَأَحْدَقُوا بِهِمْ، وَحَالُوا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْبَلَدِ، وَقَتَلُوهُمْ قَتْلًا ذَرِيعًا، وَنَجَا مَنْ نَجَا مِنْهُمْ، فَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَكَانَتْ حَصِينَةً، فَحَصَرَهُمْ بِهَا أَشْهُرًا، وَقَاتَلَهُمْ، وَزَحَفَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِدَبَّابَةٍ عَمِلَهَا وَنَقَبُوا سُورَهَا، فَخَرَجَ أَهْلُهَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْبُرْجِ، فَسَمِّي بُرْجَ الشُّهَدَاءِ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، ثُمَّ افْتَتَحَهَا آخِرَ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ صُلْحًا عَلَى أَنَّ جَمِيعَ أَمْوَالِ الْقَتْلَى يَوْمَ الْكَمِينِ وَأَمْوَالَ الْهَارِبِينَ إِلَى جِلِّيقِيَّةَ وَأَمْوَالَ الْكَنَائِسِ وَحُلِيَّهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَهْلَ إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ اجْتَمَعُوا وَقَصَدُوهَا، فَقَتَلُوا مَنْ بِهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَسَيَّرَ مُوسَى إِلَيْهَا ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بِجَيْشٍ، فَحَصَرَهَا وَمَلَكَهَا عَنْوَةً، وَقَتَلَ مَنْ بِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، وَسَارَ عَنْهَا إِلَى لَبْلَةَ وَبَاجَةَ، فَمَلَكَهَا، وَعَادَ إِلَى إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ. وَسَارَ مُوسَى مِنْ مَدِينَةٍ مَارِدَةَ فِي شَوَّالٍ يُرِيدُ طُلَيْطِلَةَ، فَخَرَجَ طَارِقٌ إِلَيْهِ فَلَقِيَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَهُ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ مُوسَى بِالسَّوْطِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَوَبَّخَهُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْ خِلَافِهِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ بِهِ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ طُلَيْطِلَةَ، فَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ مَا غَنِمَ وَالْمَائِدَةَ أَيْضًا، فَأَتَاهُ بِهَا وَقَدِ انْتَزَعَ رِجْلًا مِنْ أَرْجُلِهَا، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ: لَا عِلْمَ لِي، كَذَلِكَ وَجَدْتُهَا، فَعَمِلَ عِوَضَهَا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ. وَسَارَ مُوسَى إِلَى سَرَقُسْطَةَ وَمَدَائِنِهَا، فَافْتَتَحَهَا وَأَوْغَلَ فِي بِلَادِ الْفِرِنْجِ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى مَفَازَةٍ كَبِيرَةٍ وَأَرْضٍ سَهْلَةٍ ذَاتَ آثَارٍ، فَأَصَابَ فِيهَا صَنَمًا قَائِمًا فِيهِ مَكْتُوبٌ بِالنَّقْرِ: يَا بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِلَى هَاهُنَا مُنْتَهَاكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا، وَإِنْ سَأَلْتُمْ إِلَى مَاذَا تَرْجِعُونَ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى الِاخْتِلَافِ فِيمَا بَيْنَكُمْ، حَتَّى يَضْرِبَ بَعْضُكُمْ أَعْنَاقَ بَعْضٍ، وَقَدْ فَعَلْتُمْ. فَرَجَعَ وَوَافَاهُ رَسُولُ الْوَلِيدِ فِي أَثْنَاءِ ذَلِكَ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْخُرُوجِ عَنِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ وَالْقُفُولِ إِلَيْهِ، فَسَاءَهُ ذَلِكَ وَمَطَلَ الرَّسُولَ، وَهُوَ يَقْصِدُ بِلَادَ الْعَدُوِّ فِي غَيْرِ نَاحِيَةِ الصَّنَمِ، يَقْتُلُ، وَيَسْبِي، وَيَهْدِمُ الْكَنَائِسَ، وَيُكَسِّرُ النَّوَاقِيسَ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ صَخْرَةَ بِلَايْ عَلَى الْبَحْرِ الْأَخْضَرِ، وَهُوَ فِي قُوَّةٍ وَظُهُورٍ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولٌ آخَرُ لِلْوَلِيدِ يَسْتَحِثُّهُ، وَأَخَذَ بِعِنَانِ بَغْلَتِهِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ، وَكَانَ مُوَافَاةُ الرَّسُولِ بِمَدِينَةٍ لَكَّ بِجِلِّيقِيَّةَ، وَخَرَجَ عَلَى الْفَجِّ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِفَجِّ مُوسَى، وَوَافَاهُ طَارِقٌ مِنَ الثَّغْرِ الْأَعْلَى، فَأَقْفَلَهُ مَعَهُ وَمَضَيَا جَمِيعًا. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ مُوسَى عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ مُوسَى، فَلَمَّا عَبَرَ الْبَحْرَ إِلَى سَبْتَهَ اسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى طَنْجَةَ وَمَا وَالَاهُمَا ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَأَعْمَالِهَا ابْنَهُ الْكَبِيرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، وَسَارَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَحَمَلَ الْأَمْوَالَ الَّتِي غُنِمَتْ مِنَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ وَالذَّخَائِرَ وَالْمَائِدَةَ، وَمَعَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفَ بِكْرٍ مِنْ بَنَاتِ مُلُوكِ الْقُوطِ وَأَعْيَانِهِمْ، وَمِنْ نَفِيسِ الْجَوْهَرِ وَالْأَمْتِعَةِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى، فَوَرَدَ الشَّامَ. وفاة الوليد بن عبد الملك وَقَدْ مَاتَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَاسْتُخْلِفَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَانَ مُنْحَرِفًا عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ، فَعَزَلَهُ عَنْ جَمِيعِ أَعْمَالِهِ، وَأَقْصَاهُ وَحَبَسَهُ وَأَغْرَمَهُ حَتَّى احْتَاجَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ الْعَرَبَ فِي مَعُونَتِهِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ قَدِمَ الشَّامَ وَالْوَلِيدُ حَيٌّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ وَادَّعَى أَنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي فَتَحَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَ الْمَائِدَةِ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ مَا مَعَهُ وَعَرْضَ الْمَائِدَةَ، وَمَعَهُ طَارِقٌ، فَقَالَ طَارِقٌ: أَنَا غَنِمْتُهَا. فَكَذَّبَهُ مُوسَى. فَقَالَ طَارِقٌ لِلْوَلِيدِ: سَلْهُ عَنْ رِجْلِهَا الْمَعْدُومَةِ. فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهَا، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا عِلْمٌ، فَأَظْهَرَهَا طَارِقٌ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ أَخْفَاهَا لِهَذَا السَّبَبِ. فَعَلِمَ الْوَلِيدُ صِدْقَ طَارِقٍ، وَإِنَّمَا فَعَلَ هَذَا لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ حَبَسَهُ وَضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى أَرْسَلَ الْوَلِيدُ فَأَخْرَجَهُ، وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يَحْبِسْهُ. قَالُوا: وَلَمَّا دَخَلَتِ الرُّومُ بِلَادَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ كَانَ فِي مَمْلَكَتِهِمْ بَيْتٌ إِذَا وَلِيَ مَلِكٌ مِنْهُمْ أَقْفَلَ عَلَيْهِ قُفْلًا، فَلَمَّا مَلَكَتِ الْقُوطُ فَعَلُوا كَفِعْلِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا مَلَكَ رُذَرِيقُ أَرَادَ فَتْحَ الْأَقْفَالِ، فَنَهَاهُ أَكَابِرُ أَهْلِ الْبِلَادِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَفَتَحَ الْأَقْفَالَ، فَرَأَى فِي الْبَيْتِ صُوَرَ الْعَرَبِ وَعَلَيْهِمُ الْعَمَائِمُ الْحُمْرُ عَلَى خُيُولٍ شُهُبٍ، وَفِيهِ كِتَابٌ: إِذَا فُتِحَ هَذَا الْبَيْتُ دَخَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمُ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ. فَفُتِحَتِ الْأَنْدَلُسُ تِلْكَ السَّنَةَ.
Translation
✧ The Conquest of al-Andalus And in the year ninety-one, Ṭāriq b. Ziyād, the mawlā of Mūsā b. Nuṣayr, raided the lands of al-Andalus with twelve thousand men. Its king, Adharīnūq, came out against him with his legions, wearing his crown and accompanied by the throne of his kingdom. Ṭāriq fought him and defeated him, and plundered what was in his camp, including among that the throne, and he took possession of the lands of al-Andalus in their entirety. Al-Dhahabī said: Ṭāriq b. Ziyād was the amīr of Ṭanjah, which is the farthest land of the Maghrib, and he was the deputy of his mawlā Mūsā b. Nuṣayr. The lord of the Green Island wrote to him seeking his aid against his enemy, so Ṭāriq entered the island of al-Andalus from the strait of Sabtah, seizing the opportunity because the Franks had been fighting among themselves. Ṭāriq pressed deep into the lands of al-Andalus and conquered Qurtubah, and killed its king Adharīnūq. He wrote to Mūsā b. Nuṣayr announcing the conquest, so Mūsā envied him for carrying out this conquest alone. He wrote to al-Walīd giving him the good news of the conquest and attributing it to himself; and he wrote to Ṭāriq threatening him because he had entered without his order, and commanding him not to go beyond his position until he joined him. Then he marched to him swiftly with his armies and entered al-Andalus, accompanied by Ḥabīb b. Abī ʿUbaydah al-Fihrī. He remained for years conquering in the lands of al-Andalus, taking cities and wealth, killing men, and capturing women and children. He gained spoils beyond limit, description, or count of jewels, rubies, gold, silver, vessels of gold and silver, furnishings, horses, mules, and other things in great abundance, and he conquered many great regions and cities. The First People to Inhabit al-Andalus and the Reason for its Being Called al-Andalus They said: the first people to inhabit it were a people known as al-Andalush, with a dotted shīn, so the land was named after them, and then it was later Arabized with an undotted sīn. The Christians call al-Andalus Ashbāniyyah, after a man who was crucified there named Ashbānis. It is also said: after a king who ruled there in ancient times named Ishbān b. Ṭīṭas, and this is its name according to Ptolemy. It is also said: it was named after Andalus b. Yāfith b. Nūḥ, and he was the first to settle it. It is said: the first people to inhabit al-Andalus after the flood were a people known as al-Andalus. They settled it and held its kingship in turn for a long time; they were Magians. Then God withheld rain from them, and drought came upon them successively, so most of them perished, and those who could flee fled from it, leaving al-Andalus empty for a hundred years. Then God sent the Africans to settle it. A group of them entered it, expelled by the king of Ifrīqiyyah to rid himself of them because of a drought that had come successively upon his land until it nearly annihilated its people. He carried them in ships with an amīr appointed by him; they anchored at the island of Qādis, and saw that the lands of al-Andalus had become fertile and its rivers flowed, so they settled it and built it up, and appointed kings for themselves to manage their affairs. They followed the religion of those before them. The seat of their kingdom was Ṭāliqah al-Kharāb in the land of Ishbīliyyah; they built it and lived in it, and remained for a period exceeding one hundred and fifty years, during which eleven of their kings ruled. Then God sent against them the Persians of Rome, whose king was Ishbān b. Ṭīṭas. He raided them, scattered them, and killed among them. He besieged them in Ṭāliqah, where they had fortified themselves, and built upon them Ashbāniyyah, that is Ishbīliyyah, and made it the seat of his kingdom. His forces grew numerous, and he became arrogant and tyrannical. He raided Jerusalem and plundered what was in it, and killed a hundred thousand in it, and transferred its marble to Ishbīliyyah and elsewhere. He also gained as booty the table of Sulaymān b. Dāwūd, ﷺ, the same table that Ṭāriq gained from Ṭulayṭilah when he conquered it; and he also gained as booty the golden quwaylirah and the stone that was found at Māridah. This Ishbān had been approached by al-Khiḍr while he was plowing the land, and he said to him: "O Ishbān, you will attain fortune, kingship, and ascendancy. When you rule Īliyāʾ, be gentle with the descendants of the prophets." He said: "Are you mocking me? How can one like me attain kingship?" He said: "The One who made this staff of yours as you see has placed it in you." He looked, and behold, it had put forth leaves. He was alarmed, and al-Khiḍr left him. Ishbān became confident in his words, mingled with the people, and rose until he ruled a great kingdom. His reign lasted twenty years, and the kingdom of the Ishbāniyyīn continued after him until fifty-five of their kings had ruled. Then there entered upon them from the Persians of Rome a nation called the Bashnūliyyāt, whose king was Ṭuwaysh b. Nīṭah, and that was when God sent the Messiah. They overcame it and seized its kingdom. The city of Māridah was the seat of their kingdom, and twenty-seven of their kings ruled. The Entry of the Goths into the Land of al-Andalus and the Rule of Rudharīq Then the nation of the Goths entered upon them with a king of theirs. They overcame al-Andalus and from that day severed it from the lord of Rome. The beginning of their appearance was from the region of Italy, east of al-Andalus. They raided the lands of Macedonia from that direction, in the days of Qilyūdhiyūs Caesar, the third of the Caesars. He went out against them, defeated them, and killed among them, and they did not appear after that until the days of Constantine the Great, when they renewed the raid. He sent an army against them, but they did not stand firm before it. Their news was cut off until the first third of the reign of Caesar, when they set over themselves an amīr named Ludhrīq, and he worshipped idols. He marched to Rome to compel the Christians to prostrate to his idols. His bad conduct became apparent, so his companions deserted him and inclined to his brother and fought him. He sought help from the lord of Rome, who sent him an army, and he defeated his brother and professed the religion of Christianity. His rule lasted thirteen years. The Rule of Iqrīṭ, Imlārīq, and Waghdīsh Then after him ruled Iqrīṭ, and after him Imlārīq, and after him Waghdīsh. They had returned to the worship of idols. He gathered a hundred thousand of his companions and marched to Rome. The king of the Romans sent an army against him; they defeated and killed him. Then after him al-Rīq, who was a courageous heretic. He marched to avenge Waghdīsh and those killed with him, and besieged Rome and pressed its people hard, and entered it by force and plundered their wealth. Then he gathered a naval fleet and sailed to Sicily to conquer it and plunder what was in it, but most of his companions drowned in the sea, and he was among those who drowned. Then after him ruled Aṭlūf for six years. He left the land of Italy and stayed in the land of Ghālīs, adjacent to the farthest part of al-Andalus, then moved from there to Barshilūnah. Then after him his brother for three years, then after him Wālyā, then Būradazārīsh for thirty-three years, then his son Ṭarashmand, then after him his brother Ludhrīq for thirteen years, then after him Ūrīq for seventeen years, then after him al-Rīq at Baṭlūshah for twenty-three years, then ʿIshlīq, then Amlīq for two years, then Tūdhiyūsh for seventeen years and five months, then after him Ṭūditiqlīs for one year and three months, then after him Athlah for five years, then after him Aṭlanjah for fifteen years, then after him Liyūbā for three years, then after him his brother Luwīld. He was the first to make Ṭulayṭilah the seat of his kingdom and settle there so that he would be in the middle of his realm, to fight anyone who rebelled against him from nearby. He continued fighting those who rebelled against him until he gained control of all of al-Andalus. He built the city of Ruqūbal and fortified it and increased its gardens; it is near Ṭulayṭilah, and he named it after his son. He raided the lands of the Bashqans until he humiliated them. He asked the king of the Franks for his daughter for his son Arminjild, and he married him to her and settled him in Ishbīliyyah. She made rebellion against his father seem good to him, and he did so. His father marched against him and besieged the two of them and pressed him hard, and his stay lasted until he took the city by force, and he imprisoned him until he died. Then after Luwīld ruled his son Rikurd, and he was of good conduct. He gathered the bishops and changed the conduct of his father and handed the lands over to them. There were about eighty bishops. He was pious and chaste, and wore the garments of monks. He is the one who built the church known as al-Wazqah opposite the city of Wādī Āsh. Then after him his son Liyūbā, who followed the conduct of his father. A man of the Goths called Bitrīq assassinated and killed him. After him this Bitrīq ruled without the consent of the people of al-Andalus, and he was a criminal, tyrant, and profligate. A man of his inner circle rose against him and killed him. (Then after him ruled Ghandimār for two years,) then after him ruled Sīsīfūṭ, whose rule lasted nine years, and he was of good conduct. Then after him his son Rikrīd, who was young, his age being three months, and he died. Then ruled Shantalah, whose reign was at the time of the sending [of the Prophet], and he was praiseworthy. Then after him Sishnind for five years, then after him Khantalah for six years, then after him (Khindis for four years, then after him Bunbān for eight years, then after him) Arawā for seven years. During his reign there was a severe drought, so that the lands of al-Andalus were almost ruined from the intensity of the famine. Then after him Abqah for fifteen years, and he was oppressive and blameworthy. Then after him ruled his son Ghiṭshah, whose rule began in the year seventy-seven of the Hijrah. He was of good conduct and gentle disposition. He released all who were imprisoned in his father's prison and returned wealth to its owners. Then he died, leaving two sons, but the people of al-Andalus were not satisfied with them, and they agreed upon a man called Rudharīq. He was courageous but not of the royal house. It was the custom of the kings of al-Andalus to send their sons and daughters, male and female, to the city of Ṭulayṭilah to be in the service of the king, and no one served him but them, so that they would be educated by that. When they reached puberty, he would marry some of them to others and take charge of equipping them. When Rudharīq came to power, Yūliyān, the lord of the Green Island and Sabtah and other places, sent his daughter to him. Rudharīq found her pleasing and deflowered her. She wrote to her father, and that angered him. He wrote to Mūsā b. Nuṣayr, the governor of al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik over Ifrīqiyyah, offering obedience and inviting him to come to him. Mūsā marched to him, and Yūliyān admitted him into his cities and took from him covenants for himself and his companions with what he would be satisfied. Then he described al-Andalus to him and invited him to it. That was at the end of the year ninety. Yūliyān's Letter to Mūsā b. Nuṣayr So Mūsā wrote to al-Walīd about what God had opened for him and what Yūliyān had invited him to. Al-Walīd wrote to him: "Test it with raiding parties, and do not risk the Muslims in a sea of great terrors." Mūsā wrote to him: "It is not a wide sea; it is only a strait through which what lies beyond is visible." Al-Walīd wrote to him: "Test it with raiding parties, if the matter is as you describe." So he sent a man of his mawālī called Ṭarīf with four hundred men and a hundred horses. He sailed in four ships and landed on an island in al-Andalus, which was named the Island of Ṭarīf because of his landing there. Then he raided the Green Island and obtained much booty, and returned safely in Ramaḍān of the year ninety-one. When the people saw that, they hastened to go on raids. Then Mūsā summoned a mawlā of his who was in command of the vanguard of his armies, called Ṭāriq b. Ziyād, and sent him with seven thousand Muslims, most of them Berbers and mawālī and the fewest of them Arabs. They sailed across the sea and made for a lofty mountain connected to the mainland, and he encamped on it. The mountain was named the Mountain of Ṭāriq to this day. When ʿAbd al-Muʾmin took possession of the lands, he ordered the building of a city on this mountain and named it Jabal al-Fatḥ, but this name did not persist, and tongues continued to use the first. Ṭāriq's encampment on it was in Rajab of the year ninety-two of the Hijrah. When Ṭāriq embarked on the sea, sleep overcame him, and he saw the Prophet ﷺ with the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār, having girded on swords and slung bows over their shoulders. The Prophet ﷺ said to him: "O Ṭāriq, advance to your affair." And he commanded him to be gentle with the Muslims and to fulfill the covenant. Ṭāriq looked and saw the Prophet ﷺ and his companions entering al-Andalus ahead of him. He awoke from his sleep rejoicing, and gave the good news to his companions, and his spirit was strengthened, and he did not doubt victory. When Ṭāriq's companions had all gathered at the mountain, he descended to the plain and conquered the Green Island. He found there an old woman, and she said to him: "I had a husband, and he was knowledgeable about events. He used to tell them about an amīr who would enter their land and overcome it, and he described him as having a large head, and on his left shoulder there was a mole with hair on it." Ṭāriq uncovered his garment, and there was the mole as she had described. Ṭāriq and those with him rejoiced again. He descended from the mountain to the plain, conquered the Green Island and other places, and left the fortress on the mountain. When the news of Ṭāriq's raid on his land reached Rudharīq, it weighed heavily on him. He had been absent on a campaign, so he returned from it while Ṭāriq had already entered his land. He gathered against him a force said to have reached a hundred thousand. When the news reached Ṭāriq, he wrote to Mūsā seeking reinforcements and informing him of what he had conquered, and that the king of al-Andalus was advancing against him with what he had no strength to resist. Mūsā sent him five thousand, so the Muslims became twelve thousand, and with them was Yūliyān guiding them to the weak points of the land and spying out news for them. Rudharīq came at them with his army, and they met on the river Lakkah in the district of Shadhūnah, two nights remaining of Ramaḍān in the year ninety-two. The battle continued for eight days. On his right wing and left wing were the two sons of the king who had preceded him and others of the sons of kings. They agreed to flee out of hatred for Rudharīq, saying: "If the Muslims' hands are filled with booty, they will return to their lands and the kingdom will remain ours." So they fled, and God defeated Rudharīq and those with him, and Rudharīq drowned in the river. Ṭāriq marched to the city of Istijah in pursuit of them. Its people met him, and with them were many of the fugitives, and they fought him a fierce battle. Then the people of al-Andalus fled, and the Muslims did not meet a battle like it after that. Ṭāriq encamped at a spring between which and the city of Istijah there were four miles, and it was named the Spring of Ṭāriq to this day. When the Goths heard of these two defeats, God cast terror into their hearts, for they had thought that he would do what Ṭarīf had done, and they fled to Ṭulayṭilah, for he had made them imagine that he and those with him would devour them. When they entered Ṭulayṭilah and left the cities of al-Andalus empty, Yūlyān said to him: “You have finished with al-Andalus, so divide your armies and go yourself to Ṭulayṭilah.” So he divided his armies from the city of Istijjah, sending an army to Qurṭubah, an army to Gharnāṭah, an army to Māliqah, an army to Tudmīr, while he himself with the main body of the army marched to Jayyān, intending Ṭulayṭilah. When he reached Ṭulayṭilah, he found it empty, and those who had been there had joined a city beyond the mountain called Māyah. As for the army that marched to Qurṭubah, a shepherd guided them to a breach in its wall, and they entered the town through it and took possession of it. As for those who headed toward Tudmīr, its lord met them, whose name was Tudmīr, after whom it was named; its former name was Arwayūlah. With him was a dense army, and he fought them a fierce battle, then was defeated and a great number of his companions were killed. Tudmīr ordered the women, and they put on armor, then he made peace with the Muslims over it, and the rest of the armies conquered the lands they aimed at. As for Ṭāriq, when he saw Ṭulayṭilah empty, he gathered the Jews to it, left with them some men of his companions, and marched himself to Wādī al-Ḥijārah, crossing the mountain through a pass in it, which has been called the Pass of Ṭāriq to this day. He reached a city beyond the mountain called the City of the Table, and in it he found the table of Solomon son of David ﷺ, which was of green chrysolite, its edges and legs of the same, studded with pearls, coral, rubies, and other things, and it had three hundred and sixty legs. Then he went on to the city of Māyah, took booty from it, and returned to Ṭulayṭilah in the year ninety-three. It is said: he plunged into the land of Jilliqiyyah and traversed it until he reached the city of Istarqah, then turned back to Ṭulayṭilah, and his armies that he had dispatched from Istijjah joined him after completing the conquest of those cities to which he had sent them. Mūsā b. Nuṣayr's Entry into al-Andalus Mūsā b. Nuṣayr entered al-Andalus in Ramaḍān of the year ninety-three with a large force. He had heard what Ṭāriq had done and envied him. When he crossed into al-Andalus and encamped at al-Jazīrah al-Khaḍrāʾ, it was said to him: “Take the route of Ṭāriq,” but he refused. The guides said to him: “We will guide you to a route nobler than his and to cities not yet conquered,” and Yūlyān promised him a great conquest, which pleased him, for he had been grieved. So they led him to the city of Ibn al-Sulaym, and he conquered it by force. Then he marched to the city of Qarmūnah, which is the most fortified of the cities of al-Andalus. Yūlyān and his elite went ahead to it, and they came to them in the guise of defeated men bearing weapons, so they admitted them into their city. Mūsā sent cavalry against them, and they opened it for them at night, and the Muslims entered and took possession of it. Then Mūsā marched to Ishbīliyah, which is among the greatest cities of al-Andalus in construction and noblest in monuments. He besieged it for months and conquered it, and those in it fled. Mūsā settled the Jews there, and marched to the city of Māridah and besieged it. Its people had come out against him and fought him a fierce battle. Mūsā lay in ambush for them at night in the rocky defiles, so the infidels did not see them. When morning came, he advanced against them, and they came out against the Muslims as was their custom. Then the ambushers came out upon them, surrounded them, cut them off from the town, and killed them in great numbers. Those of them who escaped fled, and he entered the city, which was fortified, and besieged them there for months and fought them. He advanced against them with a siege tower he had built, and they breached its wall. Its people came out against the Muslims and killed them at the tower, which has been called the Tower of the Martyrs to this day. Then he conquered it at the end of Ramaḍān of the year ninety-four, on the day of the breaking of the fast, by treaty, on condition that all the property of those killed on the day of the ambush, the property of those who fled to Jilliqiyyah, and the property of the churches and their ornaments belong to the Muslims. Then the people of Ishbīliyah gathered and attacked it, killing the Muslims in it. Mūsā sent against it his son ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz with an army, and he besieged it, took it by force, and killed its inhabitants. He then marched from there to Lablah and Bājah, took possession of them, and returned to Ishbīliyah. Mūsā marched from the city of Māridah in Shawwāl, intending Ṭulayṭilah. Ṭāriq came out to meet him, and when he saw him, he dismounted to him, and Mūsā struck him on the head with a whip and rebuked him for his disobedience. Then he marched with him to the city of Ṭulayṭilah and demanded from him the booty and also the table. He brought it to him, having removed one of its legs. He asked him about it, and he said: “I have no knowledge; I found it thus.” So he made a replacement for it of gold. Mūsā marched to Saraqusṭah and its cities, conquered them, and penetrated deep into the lands of the Franks, reaching a great desert and a level land with ruins. There he found a standing idol on which was inscribed by carving: “O sons of Ishmael, to here is your limit, so turn back. And if you ask to what you will return, I inform you that you will return to dissension among yourselves, until some of you strike the necks of others, and you have done so.” He turned back, and a messenger of al-Walīd reached him during that, ordering him to leave al-Andalus and return to him. That distressed him, and he delayed the messenger while he headed toward enemy lands in a direction other than that of the idol, killing, taking captives, destroying churches, and breaking bells, until he reached the Rock of Balāy on the Green Sea, in strength and ascendancy. Then another messenger of al-Walīd came to him urging him on, seized the bridle of his mule, and brought him out. The messenger's joining him was at the city of Lakka in Jilliqiyyah, and he departed by the pass known as the Pass of Mūsā. Ṭāriq joined him from the Upper Frontier, and he made him return with him, and they went off together. Mūsā appointed his son ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Mūsā as his deputy over al-Andalus. When he crossed the sea to Sabtah, he appointed over it and over Ṭanjah and their dependencies his son ʿAbd al-Malik, and over Ifrīqiyyah and its provinces his eldest son ʿAbd Allāh. He marched to Syria, carrying the wealth plundered from al-Andalus, the treasures, and the table, and with him thirty thousand virgins from the daughters of the kings of the Goths and their notables, and of precious jewels and goods what cannot be counted. He arrived in Syria. The Death of al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik Al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik had died, and Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik had become caliph, and he was hostile to Mūsā b. Nuṣayr. He dismissed him from all his offices, removed him, imprisoned him, and fined him until he had to beg the Arabs for help. It is said: he arrived in Syria while al-Walīd was still alive, and he had written to him claiming that he was the one who conquered al-Andalus and told him the story of the table. When he came before him, he presented what he had and displayed the table, and with him was Ṭāriq. Ṭāriq said: “I captured it.” Mūsā called him a liar. Ṭāriq said to al-Walīd: “Ask him about its missing leg.” He asked him about it, and he had no knowledge of it. Then Ṭāriq produced it and said that he had hidden it for this reason. So al-Walīd knew that Ṭāriq was truthful. He did this only because Mūsā had imprisoned him and beaten him until al-Walīd sent and released him. It is said: he did not imprison him. They said: When the Romans entered the land of al-Andalus, there was in their kingdom a house upon which, whenever a king of theirs took office, he placed a lock. When the Goths ruled, they did as they had done. When Rūdharīq became king, he wanted to open the locks, but the elders of the land forbade him, and he did not accept from them. He opened the locks, and in the house he saw images of Arabs wearing red turbans on grey horses, and in it a writing: “When this house is opened, these people will enter this land.” Then al-Andalus was conquered that year.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.