Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2361
Then the Year Eighty-Nine Began
غزو الروم وفتح سورية ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ تِسْعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ فِيهَا غَزَا مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْعَبَّاسُ بِلَادَ الرُّومِ، فَقَتَلَا خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَفَتَحَا حُصُونًا كَثِيرَةً; مِنْهَا حِصْنُ سُورِيَّةَ وَعَمُّورِيَّةَ وَهِرَقْلَةَ وَقَمُودِيَّةَ، وَغَنِمَا شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَأَسَرَا جَمًّا غَفِيرًا. غزو قتيبة بلاد الصغد ونسف وكس ووردان وَفِيهَا غَزَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ بِلَادَ الصُّغْدِ وَنَسَفَ وَكِسَّ، وَقَدْ لَقِيَهُ هُنَالِكَ خَلْقٌ مِنَ الْأَتْرَاكِ، فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ فَقَتَلَهُمْ، وَسَارَ إِلَى بُخَارَى فَلَقِيَهُ دُونَهَا خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ التَّرْكِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ وَلَيْلَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ مَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: خَرْقَانُ. وَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، فَقَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ نَهَارُ بْنُ تَوْسِعَةَ: وَبَاتَتْ لَهُمْ مِنَّا بِخَرْقَانَ لَيْلَةٌ وَلَيْلَتُنَا كَانَتْ بِخَرْقَانَ أَطْوَلَا ثُمَّ قَصَدَ قُتَيْبَةُ وَرْدَانَ خُذَاهْ، مَلِكَ بُخَارَى، فَقَاتَلَهُ وَرْدَانُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَمْ يَظْفَرْ بِهِ قُتَيْبَةُ، فَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ إِلَى مَرْوَ، فَجَاءَهُ كِتَابُ الْحَجَّاجِ يُعَنِّفُهُ عَلَى الْفِرَارِ وَالنُّكُولِ عَنْ أَعْدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ بِصُورَةِ هَذَا الْبَلَدِ يَعْنِي بُخَارَى فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِصُورَتِهَا فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ; أَنِ ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهَا وَتُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ ذَنْبِكِ، وَائْتِهَا مِنْ مَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَرِدْ وَرْدَانَ خُذَاهْ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَالتَّحْوِيطَ، وَدَعْنِي وَبُنَيَّاتِ الطَّرِيقِ. تولية خالد القسري إمرة مكة وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَلَّى الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ إِمْرَةَ مَكَّةَ لِخَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيِّ، فَحَفَرَ بِئْرًا بِأَمْرِ الْوَلِيدِ عِنْدَ ثَنِيَّةِ طُوًى وَثَنِيَّةِ الْحَجُونِ، فَجَاءَتْ عَذْبَةَ الْمَاءِ طَيِّبَةً، وَكَانَ يَسْتَقِي النَّاسُ مِنْهَا. وَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ خَالِدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيَّ يَقُولُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ مَكَّةَ، وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَيُّهُمَا أَعْظَمُ خَلِيفَةً: الرَّجُلُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ، أَمْ رَسُولُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ؟ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا فَضْلَ الْخَلِيفَةِ إِلَّا أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلَ الرَّحْمَنِ اسْتَسْقَاهُ فَسَقَاهُ مِلْحًا أُجَاجًا، وَاسْتَسْقَى الْخَلِيفَةُ فَسَقَاهُ عَذْبًا فُرَاتًا. يَعْنِي الْبِئْرَ الَّتِي احْتَفَرَهَا بِالثَّنِيَّتَيْنِ; ثَنِيَّةِ طُوًى وَثَنِيَّةِ الْحَجُونِ فَكَانَ يُنْقَلُ مَاؤُهَا فَيُوضَعُ فِي حَوْضٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ إِلَى جَنْبِ زَمْزَمَ; لِيُعْرَفَ فَضْلُهُ عَلَى زَمْزَمَ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ غَارَتْ تِلْكَ الْبِئْرُ فَذَهَبَ مَاؤُهَا، فَلَا يُدْرَى أَيْنَ هُوَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ. وَهَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ غَرِيبٌ، وَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ يَتَضَمَّنُ كُفْرًا إِنْ صَحَّ عَنْ قَائِلِهِ، وَعِنْدِي أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيَّ لَا يَصِحُّ عَنْهُ هَذَا الْكَلَامُ، وَإِنْ صَحَّ فَهُوَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ. وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ نَحْوُ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ; مِنْ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْخَلِيفَةَ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الرَّسُولِ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَهُ اللَّهُ، وَكُلُّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْوَالِ تَتَضَمَّنُ كُفْرَ قَائِلِهَا. غزو مسلمة الترك وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ غَزَا مَسْلَمَةُ التُّرْكَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْبَابَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَفَتَحَ حُصُونًا وَمَدَائِنَ هُنَالِكَ، وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِيهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ. قَالَ شَيْخُنَا الْحَافِظُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الذَّهَبِيُّ: فتح صقلية وميورقة وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فُتِحَتْ صِقِلِّيَةُ وَمَيُورْقَةُ. وَقِيلَ: مَنُورْقَةُ. وَهُمَا فِي الْبَحْرِ بَيْنَ جَزِيرَةِ صِقِلِّيَةَ وَحَدَارُّهُ مِنْ بِلَادِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ. ذِكْرُ قَتْلِ ذَاهِرَ مَلِكِ السِّنْدِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قَتَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي عُقَيْلٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، - يَجْتَمِعُ هُوَ وَالْحَجَّاجُ فِي الْحَكَمِ -، ذَاهِرَ بْنَ صَعْصَعَةَ مَلِكَ السِّنْدِ، وَمَلَكَ بِلَادَهُ، وَكَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الثَّغْرِ وَسَيَّرَ مَعَهُ سِتَّةَ أَلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَجَهَّزَهُ بِكُلِّ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى الْمَسَالِّ وَالْإِبَرِ وَالْخُيُوطِ، فَسَارَ مُحَمَّدُ إِلَى مُكْرَانَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا أَيَّامًا، ثُمَّ أَتَى قَنَّزْبُورَ فَفَتَحَهَا، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى أَرْمَائِيلَ فَفَتَحَهَا، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى الدَّيْبُلِ، فَقَدِمَهَا يَوْمَ جُمُعَةٍ، وَوَافَتْهُ سُفُنٌ كَانَ حَمَلَ فِيهَا الرِّجَالَ وَالسِّلَاحَ وَالْأَدَاةَ، فَخَنْدَقَ حِينَ نَزَلَ الدَّيْبُلَ، وَأَنْزَلَ النَّاسَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ، وَنَصَبَ مَنْجَنِيقًا يُقَالُ لَهُ الْعَرُوسُ، كَانَ يَمُدُّ بِهِ خَمْسُمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَكَانَ بِالدَّيْبُلِ بُدٌّ عَظِيمٌ عَلَيْهِ دَقَلٌ عَظِيمٌ، وَعَلَى الدَّقَلِ رَايَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ، إِذَا هَبَّتِ الرِّيحُ أَطَافَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانَتْ تَدُورُ، وَالْبُدُّ صَنَمٌ فِي بِنَاءٍ عَظِيمٍ، تَحْتَ مَنَارَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ مُرْتَفِعَةٍ، وَفِي رَأْسِ الْمَنَارَةِ هَذَا الدَّقَلُ، وَكُلُّ مَا يُعْبَدُ فَهُوَ عِنْدَهُمْ بُدٌّ. فَحَصَرَهَا وَطَالَ حِصَارُهَا، فَرَمَى الدَّقَلَ بِحَجْرِ الْعَرُوسِ فَكَسَرَهُ، فَتَطَيَّرَ الْكُفَّارُ بِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا أَتَى وَنَاهَضَهُمْ وَقَدْ خَرَجُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ حَتَّى رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى الْبَلَدِ، وَأَمَرَ بِالسَّلَالِيمِ فَنُصِبَتْ، وَصَعِدَ عَلَيْهَا الرِّجَالُ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَهُمْ صُعُودًا رَجُلٌ مِنْ مُرَادٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَفُتِحَتْ عَنْوَةً، وَقَتَلَ فِيهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَهَرَبَ عَامِلُ ذَاهِرَ عَنْهَا، وَأَنْزَلَهَا مُحَمَّدٌ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَبَنَى جَامِعَهَا، وَسَارَ عَنْهَا إِلَى الْبِيرُونَ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا بَعَثُوا إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فَصَالَحُوهُ، فَلَقُوا مُحَمَّدًا بِالْمِيرَةِ وَأَدْخَلُوهُ مَدِينَتَهُمْ، وَسَارَ عَنْهَا وَجَعَلَ لَا يَمُرُّ بِمَدِينَةٍ إِلَّا فَتَحَهَا حَتَّى عَبَرَ نَهْرًا دُونَ مِهْرَانَ، فَأَتَاهُ أَهْلُ سَرْبَيْدِسَ فَصَالَحُوهُ، وَوَظَّفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَرَاجَ وَسَارَ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى سَهْبَانَ فَفَتَحَهَا، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى نَهْرِ مِهْرَانَ فَنَزَلَ فِي وَسَطِهِ. وَبَلَغَ خَبَرُهُ ذَاهِرَ، فَاسْتَعَدَّ لِمُحَارَبَتِهِ، وَبَعَثَ جَيْشًا إِلَى سَدُوسْتَانَ، فَطَلَبَ أَهْلُهَا الْأَمَانَ وَالصُّلْحَ، فَآمَنَهُمْ وَوَظَّفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَرَاجَ، ثُمَّ عَبَرَ مُحَمَّدٌ مِهْرَانَ مِمَّا يَلِي بِلَادَ رَاسِلَ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى جِسْرٍ عَقَدَهُ، وَذَاهِرُ مُسْتَخِفٌّ بِهِ، فَلَقِيَهُ مُحَمَّدُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ وَهُوَ عَلَى فِيلٍ وَحَوْلَهُ الْفِيَلَةُ، وَمَعَهُ التَّكَاكِرَةُ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا لَمْ يُسْمَعْ بِمِثْلِهِ، وَتَرَجَّلَ ذَاهِرُ، فَقُتِلَ عِنْدَ الْمَسَاءِ، ثُمَّ انْهَزَمَ الْكُفَّارُ، وَقَتَلَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ كَيْفَ شَاءُوا، وَقَالَ قَائِلُهُ: الْخَيْلُ تَشْهَدُ يَوْمَ ذَاهِرَ وَالْقَنَا وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ أَنِّي فَرَجْتُ الْجَمْعَ غَيْرَ مُعَرِّدٍ حَتَّى عَلَوْتُ عَظِيمَهُمْ بِمُهَنَّدِ فَتَرَكْتُهُ تَحْتَ الْعَجَاجِ مُجَنْدَلًا مَتَعَفِّرَ الْخَدَّيْنِ غَيْرَ مُوَسَّدِ فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ ذَاهِرُ غَلَبَ مُحَمَّدُ عَلَى بِلَادِ السِّنْدِ، وَفَتَحَ مَدِينَةَ رَاوَرَ عَنْوَةً، وَكَانَ بِهَا امْرَأَةٌ لِذَاهِرَ، فَخَافَتْ أَنْ تُؤْخَذَ، فَأَحْرَقَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَجَوَارِيَهَا وَجَمِيعَ مَالِهَا. ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى بِرْهَمِنْابَاذَ الْعَتِيقَةَ، وَهِيَ عَلَى فَرْسَخَيْنِ مِنَ الْمَنْصُورَةِ، وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْمَنْصُورَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ، كَانَ مَوْضِعُهَا غَيْضَةً، وَكَانَ الْمُنْهَزِمُونَ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ بِهَا، فَقَاتَلُوهُ فَفَتَحَهَا مُحَمَّدُ عَنْوَةً، وَقَتَلَ بِهَا بَشَرًا كَثِيرًا وَخُرِّبَتْ. وَسَارَ يُرِيدُ الرُّورَ وَبَغْرُورَ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَهْلُ سَاوَنْدَرَى فَطَلَبُوا الْأَمَانَ، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ إِيَّاهُ، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِيَافَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ أَهْلُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى بِسَمْدَ وَصَالَحَ أَهْلَهَا، وَوَصَلَ إِلَى الرُّورَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ مَدَائِنِ السِّنْدِ عَلَى جَبَلٍ، فَحَصَرَهُمْ شُهُورًا فَصَالَحُوهُ، وَسَارَ إِلَى السِّكَّةِ فَفَتَحَهَا، ثُمَّ قَطَعَ نَهْرَ بَيَاسَ إِلَى الْمُلْتَانِ، فَقَاتَلَهُ أَهْلُهَا وَانْهَزَمُوا، فَحَصَرَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ، فَجَاءَهُ إِنْسَانٌ وَدَلَّهُ عَلَى قَطْعِ الْمَاءِ الَّذِي يَدْخُلُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَقَطَعَهُ، فَعَطِشُوا فَأَلْقَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَنَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، فَقَتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ، وَسَبَى الذُّرِّيَّةَ وَسَدَنَةَ الْبُدِّ، وَهُمْ سِتَّةُ آلَافٍ، وَأَصَابُوا ذَهَبًا كَثِيرًا، فَجُمِعَ فِي بَيْتٍ طُولُهُ عَشَرَةُ أَذْرُعٍ وَعَرْضُهُ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَذْرُعٍ يُلْقَى إِلَيْهِ مِنْ كُوَّةٍ فِي وَسَطِهِ، فَسُمِّيَتِ الْمُلْتَانَ: فَرْجُ بَيْتِ الذَّهَبِ، وَالْفَرْجُ الثَّغْرُ، وَكَانَ بُدُّ الْمُلْتَانِ تُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ الْأَمْوَالُ، وَيُحَجُّ مِنَ الْبِلَادِ، وَيَحْلِقُونَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَلِحَاهُمْ عِنْدَهُ، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ صَنَمَهُ هُوَ أَيُّوبُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. وَعَظُمَتْ فُتُوحُهُ، وَنَظَرَ الْحَجَّاجُ فِي النَّفَقَةِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الثَّغْرِ، فَكَانَتْ سِتِّينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَنَظَرَ فِي الَّذِي حُمِلَ فَكَانَ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ، فَقَالَ: رَبِحْنَا سِتِّينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَدْرَكْنَا ثَأْرَنَا وَرَأْسَ ذَاهِرَ. ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْحَجَّاجُ. ذِكْرُ اسْتِعْمَالِ مُوسَى بْنُ نُصَيْرٍ عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ اسْتَعْمَلَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مُوسَى بْنُ نُصَيْرٍ عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ نُصَيْرٌ وَالِدُهُ عَلَى حَرَسِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَلَمَّا سَارَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى صِفِّينَ لَمْ يَسِرْ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْمَسِيرِ مَعِي إِلَى قِتَالِ عَلِيٍّ وَيَدِي عِنْدَكَ مَعْرُوفَةٌ ؟ فَقَالَ لَا أُشْرِكُكَ بِكُفْرِ مَنْ أَوْلَى بِالشُّكْرِ مِنْكَ، وَهُوَ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ. فَوَصَلَ مُوسَى إِلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَبِهَا صَالِحٌ الَّذِي اسْتَخْلَفَهُ حَسَّانُ عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ الْبَرْبَرُ قَدْ طَمِعُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ بَعْدَ مَسِيرِ حَسَّانَ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ مُوسَى عَزَلَ صَالِحًا، وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بِأَطْرَافِ الْبِلَادِ قَوْمًا خَارِجِينَ عَنِ الطَّاعَةِ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمُ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، وَسَبَى مِنْهُمْ أَلْفَ رَأْسٍ، وَسَيَّرَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ إِلَى جَزِيرَةٍ مَيُورْقَةَ، فَنَهَبَهَا وَغَنِمَ مِنْهَا مَا لَا يُحْصَى وَعَادَ سَالِمًا، فَوَجَّهَ ابْنَهُ هَارُونَ إِلَى طَائِفَةٍ أُخْرَى، فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ وَسَبَى مِنْهُمْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، وَتَوَجَّهَ هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ إِلَى طَائِفَةٍ أُخْرَى، فَغَنِمَ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، فَبَلَغَ الْخُمُسُ سِتِّينَ أَلْفَ رَأْسٍ مِنَ السَّبْيِ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَحَدٌ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ بِسَبْيٍ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ هَذَا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ قَحَطَتْ وَاشْتَدَّ بِهَا الْغَلَاءُ، فَاسْتَسْقَى بِالنَّاسِ، وَخَطَبَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْوَلِيدَ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا مَقَامٌ لَا يُدْعَى فِيهِ لِأَحَدٍ وَلَا يُذْكَرُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَسُقِيَ النَّاسُ وَرَخُصَتِ الْأَسْعَارُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ غَازِيًا إِلَى طَنْجَةَ يُرِيدُ مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ، وَقَدْ هَرَبُوا خَوْفًا مِنْهُ، فَتَبِعَهُمْ وَقَتَلَهُمْ قَتْلًا ذَرِيعًا حَتَّى بَلَغَ السُّوسَ الْأَدْنَى لَا يُدَافِعُهُ أَحَدٌ، فَاسْتَأْمَنَ الْبَرْبَرُ إِلَيْهِ وَأَطَاعُوهُ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى طَنْجَةَ مَوْلَاهُ طَارِقَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ صَدَفِيٌّ. وَجَعَلَ مَعَهُ جَيْشًا كَثِيفًا جُلُّهُمْ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ، وَجَعَلَ مَعَهُمْ مَنْ يُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْقُرْآنَ وَالْفَرَائِضَ، وَعَادَ إِلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ. فَمَرَّ بِقَلْعَةِ مِجَّانَةَ، فَتَحَصَّنَ أَهْلُهَا مِنْهُ وَتَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا مَنْ يُحَاصِرُهَا مَعَ بِشْرِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ، فَفَتَحَهَا، فَسُمِّيَتْ قَلْعَةُ بِشْرٍ إِلَى الْآنِ، وَحِينَئِذٍ لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ فِي إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ مَنْ يُنَازِعُهُ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَتْ وِلَايَةُ مُوسَى سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَسَبْعِينَ، اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ عَلَى مِصْرَ لِأَخِيهِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. الدعاء لبني العباس وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ابْتُدِئَ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِبَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، وَكَانَ الدُّعَاءُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَسُمِّي بِالْإِمَامِ، وَكُوتِبَ وَأُطِيعَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلِ الْأَمْرُ يُنَمَّى وَيُقَوَّى وَيَتَزَايَدُ إِلَى أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ .
Translation
✧ The Umayyad Caliphate Then the Year Eighty-Nine Began Raid against the Byzantines and conquest of Syria In this year Maslamah b. ʿAbd al-Malik and his nephew al-ʿAbbās raided the land of the Byzantines, and they killed many people and conquered many fortresses; among them the fortresses of Sūriyah, ʿAmmūriyah, Hiraqlah, and Qamūdiyah, and they captured much booty and took a great number of prisoners. Qutaybah's raid against the land of al-Ṣughd, Nasaf, Kiss, and Wardān In this year Qutaybah b. Muslim raided the land of al-Ṣughd and Nasaf and Kiss, and a host of Turks met him there. He was victorious over them and killed them. Then he marched to Bukhārā, and before reaching it a great host of Turks met him. He fought them for two days and two nights at a place called Kharqān and was victorious over them. About that Nahār b. Tawsiʿah said: A night of theirs passed for us at Kharqān, and our night at Kharqān was longer. Then Qutaybah made for Wardān Khudhāh, the king of Bukhārā. Wardān fought him a fierce battle, but Qutaybah did not prevail over him, so he withdrew from him to Marw. Then a letter came to him from al-Ḥajjāj rebuking him for fleeing and holding back from the enemies of Islam. He wrote to him to send a picture of this land, meaning Bukhārā. So he sent him its picture, and he wrote to him: Return to it, repent to God for your sin, approach it from such-and-such a place, and seek out Wardān Khudhāh. Beware of encircling it, and leave the little daughters of the road to me. The appointment of Khālid al-Qasrī to the governorship of Makkah In this year al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik appointed Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī to the governorship of Makkah. He dug a well by order of al-Walīd at the pass of Ṭuwā and the pass of al-Ḥajūn, and it produced sweet, good water from which people used to draw. Al-Wāqidī related: ʿUmar b. Ṣāliḥ related to me, from Nāfiʿ, a client of Banū Makhzūm, who said: I heard Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī say from the pulpit of Makkah while addressing the people: O people, which of the two is greater as a caliph: a man over his family, or his messenger to them? By God, if you did not know the excellence of the caliph except that Ibrāhīm, the Friend of the All-Merciful, asked Him for water and He gave him salty, brackish water to drink, while the caliph asked for water and He gave him sweet, fresh water to drink—meaning the well that he dug at the two passes, the pass of Ṭuwā and the pass of al-Ḥajūn, whose water was carried and placed in a leather trough beside Zamzam so that its superiority over Zamzam might be known. He said: Then that well dried up and its water disappeared, and to this day no one knows where it is. This chain of transmission is unusual, and this statement contains disbelief if it is authentically reported from its speaker. In my view, this statement is not authentically reported from Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī, and if it is authentic, then he is an enemy of God. A similar statement has been reported from al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf, namely that he made the caliph superior to the messenger whom God sent. All these statements entail the disbelief of those who uttered them. Maslamah's raid against the Turks In this year Maslamah raided the Turks until he reached the Bāb from the direction of Adharbayjān, and he conquered fortresses and cities there. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz led the people in the pilgrimage this year. Our shaykh, the ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Dhahabī, said: The conquest of Sicily and Mallorca In this year Sicily and Mallorca were conquered. It is also said: Minorca. They are in the sea between the island of Sicily and Ḥadārruh, which is in the land of al-Andalus. Account of the killing of Dāhir, king of al-Sind In this year Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī ʿUqayl al-Thaqafī—he and al-Ḥajjāj share a common ancestor in al-Ḥakam—killed Dāhir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah, king of al-Sind, and took possession of his land. Al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf had appointed him over that frontier and sent with him six thousand fighting men, and he equipped him with everything he needed, even needles and thread. Muḥammad marched to Mukrān and stayed there for some days. Then he came to Qannazbūr and conquered it. Then he marched to Armāʾīl and conquered it. Then he marched to al-Daybul and arrived there on a Friday. Ships carrying men, weapons, and equipment arrived to him. When he encamped at al-Daybul, he dug a trench and assigned the people to their positions. He set up a mangonel called al-ʿArūs (the Bride), which five hundred men operated by pulling. In al-Daybul there was a great budd upon which was a great mast, and on the mast was a red banner. When the wind blew, it circled around the city and revolved. The budd is an idol in a great building beneath a lofty, high tower, and at the top of the tower is this mast. Everything that is worshipped is called by them a budd. He besieged it and the siege lasted long. He shot at the mast with a stone from al-ʿArūs and broke it. The infidels took that as an evil omen. Then Muḥammad advanced and attacked them after they had come out against him, and he routed them until he drove them back into the town. He ordered ladders to be set up, and the men climbed them. The first to climb was a man from Murād, one of the people of al-Kūfah. The town was taken by force, and he killed in it for three days. Dāhir's governor fled from it. Muḥammad settled four thousand Muslims in it and built its congregational mosque. Then he marched from it to al-Bīrūn. Its people had sent to al-Ḥajjāj and made peace with him, so they met Muḥammad with provisions and admitted him into their city. He marched on from it, and he did not pass by any city without conquering it, until he crossed a river before Mihrān. The people of Sarbaydis came to him and made peace with him, and he imposed the land tax on them. Then he marched from them to Sahbān and conquered it. Then he marched to the river Mihrān and encamped in its middle. News of him reached Dāhir, who prepared to fight him. He sent an army to Sadūstān. Its people sought safe-conduct and peace, and he granted them safety and imposed the land tax on them. Then Muḥammad crossed Mihrān on the side adjacent to the land of Rāsil the king, on a bridge that he constructed. Dāhir was contemptuous of him. Muḥammad and the Muslims met him while he was on an elephant, with elephants around him and with him the takākirah. They fought a fierce battle the like of which had never been heard. Dāhir dismounted and was killed at evening. Then the infidels fled, and the Muslims killed them as they wished. One of their poets said: The horses bear witness on the day of Dāhir, and the spears, and Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad, that I dispersed the host without turning back, until I mounted their great one with an Indian sword. I left him lying in the dust, with his cheeks soiled, without a pillow. When Dāhir was killed, Muḥammad took control of the land of al-Sind. He conquered the city of Rāwar by force. In it was a wife of Dāhir. She feared being taken captive, so she burned herself, her slave girls, and all her property. Then he marched to ancient Birhamnābādh, which is two parasangs from al-Manṣūrah—al-Manṣūrah did not exist at that time; its site was a thicket. The defeated infidels were there. They fought him, and Muḥammad conquered it by force, killing many people, and it was ruined. He marched on, intending al-Rūr and Baghrūr. The people of Sāwandarā met him and sought safe-conduct, and he granted it to them, stipulating that they provide hospitality to the Muslims. Then its people later embraced Islam. Then he advanced to Bismad and made peace with its people. He reached al-Rūr, one of the cities of al-Sind on a mountain. He besieged them for months, and they made peace with him. He marched to al-Sikkah and conquered it. Then he crossed the river Bayās to al-Multān. Its people fought him and were defeated. Muḥammad besieged them, and a man came to him and showed him how to cut off the water that entered the city. He cut it off, and they became thirsty and surrendered, submitting to his judgment. He killed the fighting men and took the offspring and the custodians of the budd as captives, who were six thousand. They obtained much gold, which was gathered in a house ten cubits long and eight cubits wide, into which it was thrown through an opening in its middle. Al-Multān was therefore called Farj Bayt al-Dhahab (the frontier of the house of gold)—al-farj means the frontier. To the budd of al-Multān wealth was offered as gifts, and pilgrimage was made to it from all lands. People shaved their heads and beards before it, and they claimed that its idol was Ayyūb the Prophet ﷺ. His conquests became great. Al-Ḥajjāj examined the expenditure on that frontier and found it to be sixty million dirhams. He examined what had been brought back and found it to be one hundred and twenty million. He said: We have profited sixty million, and we have attained our vengeance and the head of Dāhir. Then al-Ḥajjāj died. Account of the appointment of Mūsā b. Nuṣayr over Ifrīqiyah In this year al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik appointed Mūsā b. Nuṣayr over Ifrīqiyah. His father Nuṣayr had been in charge of Muʿāwiyah's guard. When Muʿāwiyah marched to Ṣiffīn, he did not march with him. Muʿāwiyah said to him: What prevents you from marching with me to fight ʿAlī, when my favor to you is well known? He said: I will not associate you with ingratitude toward Him who is more deserving of gratitude than you, and that is God, mighty and majestic. Muʿāwiyah fell silent about him. Mūsā arrived in Ifrīqiyah, where Ṣāliḥ, whom Ḥassān had appointed as his successor over Ifrīqiyah, was. The Berbers had become greedy for the land after Ḥassān's departure. When Mūsā arrived, he dismissed Ṣāliḥ. He learned that at the borders of the land there were people who had rebelled against obedience, so he sent his son ʿAbd Allāh against them. He fought them and was victorious over them, taking a thousand heads as captives. He sent them by sea to the island of Mallorca, plundered it, and gained incalculable booty, then returned safely. He sent his son Hārūn against another group, and he was victorious over them and took a similar number of captives. He himself went against another group and gained similar booty. The fifth (khums) amounted to sixty thousand captives. No one has mentioned having heard of a greater number of captives than this. Then Ifrīqiyah suffered drought and severe high prices. Mūsā led the people in a prayer for rain and addressed them, but he did not mention al-Walīd. He was spoken to about that, and he said: This is a station in which no one is called upon or mentioned except God, mighty and majestic. The people were given rain and prices became low. Then he went out on a raid to Tangier, seeking the remaining Berbers. They had fled in fear of him, and he pursued them and killed them in great numbers until he reached al-Sūs al-Adnā, with no one opposing him. The Berbers sought safe-conduct from him and obeyed him. He appointed his client Ṭāriq b. Ziyād over Tangier—it is also said that he was a Ṣadafī. He placed with him a large army, most of whom were Berbers, and with them he placed those who would teach them the Qurʾān and the religious obligations. Then he returned to Ifrīqiyah. He passed by the fortress of Mijjānah, whose people fortified themselves against him. He left someone to besiege it with Bishr b. So-and-so, and it was conquered. It has been called the Fortress of Bishr until now. At that point no one remained in Ifrīqiyah to contend with him. It is said: Mūsā's governorship was in the year seventy-eight. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān appointed him over it, when he was then governor of Egypt for his brother ʿAbd al-Malik. The call for the Banū al-ʿAbbās In this year the call (daʿwah) for the Banū al-ʿAbbās was begun. The call was for Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, who was named the Imām. Letters were written to him and he was obeyed. The matter continued to grow, strengthen, and increase until he died in the year one hundred and twenty-four. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz led the people in the pilgrimage.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.