Tarikh (al-Tabari) 236
The story of Moses the one who spoke with Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)
ذِكْرُ فَضَائِلِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَشَمَائِلِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ وَوَفَاتِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مُوسَى إِنَّهُ كَانَ مُخْلَصًا وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا وَنَادَيْنَاهُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الطُّورِ الْأَيْمَنِ وَقَرَّبْنَاهُ نَجِيًّا وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّا [ مَرْيَمَ: 51 - 53 ]. ذَكَرَهُ بِالرِّسَالَةِ وَالنُّبُوَّةِ وَالْإِخْلَاصِ وَالتَّكْلِيمِ وَالتَّقْرِيبِ، وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ جَعَلَ أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّا وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: قَالَ يَا مُوسَى إِنِّي اصْطَفَيْتُكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِرِسَالَاتِي وَبِكَلَامِي [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 144 ]. وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ "، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى مُوسَى، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يُصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَأَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُفِيقُ، فَأَجِدُ مُوسَى بَاطِشًا بِقَائِمَةِ الْعَرْشِ، فَلَا أَدْرِي أَصُعِقُ فَأَفَاقَ قَبْلِي، أَمْ جُوزِيَ بِصَعْقَةِ الطُّورِ. وَقَدَّمْنَا أَنَّ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَابِ الْهَضْمِ وَالتَّوَاضُعِ، وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ، عَلَيْهِ خَاتَمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَسَيِّدُ وَلَدِ آدَمَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ قَطْعًا جَزْمًا لَا يَحْتَمِلُ النَّقِيضَ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَرُسُلًا قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًا لَمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا [ النِّسَاءِ: 163، 164 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ آذَوْا مُوسَى فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا وَكَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهًا [ الْأَحْزَابِ: 69 ]. قَالَ بَعْضُ السَّلَفِ: كَانَ مِنْ وَجَاهَتِهِ أَنَّهُ شَفَعَ فِي أَخِيهِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، وَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُ وَزِيرًا، فَأَجَابَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى سُؤَالِهِ، وَأَعْطَاهُ طَلِبَتَهُ، وَجَعَلَهُ نَبِيًّا; كَمَا قَالَ: وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عن الْأَعْمَشُ، سَأَلْتُ أَبَا وَائِلٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَسْمًا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَقِسْمَةٌ مَا أُرِيدَ بِهَا وَجْهُ اللَّهِ. فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَغَضِبَ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ الْغَضَبَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مُوسَى، قَدْ أُوذِيَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا فَصَبَرَ مرور النبي ﷺ بقبر موسى عليه السلام وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحِ " فِي أَحَادِيثِ الْإِسْرَاءِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِمُوسَى، وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فِي قَبْرِهِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ مَرَّ لَيْلَةَ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ، بِمُوسَى فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّادِسَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ: هَذَا مُوسَى فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ، وَالْأَخِ الصَّالِحِ. فَلَمَّا تَجَاوَزْتُ بَكَى; قِيلَ لَهُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ؟ قَالَ: أَبْكِي لِأَنَّ غُلَامًا بُعِثَ بَعْدِي يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا يَدْخُلُهَا مِنْ أُمَّتِي وَذَكَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ. وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمَحْفُوظُ، وَمَا وَقَعَ فِي حَدِيثِ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، مِنْ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي السَّادِسَةِ، وَمُوسَى فِي السَّابِعَةِ، بِتَفْضِيلِ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، أَنَّ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْجَادَّةُ، أَنَّ مُوسَى فِي السَّادِسَةِ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي السَّابِعَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ الَّذِي يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ آخِرَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ. وَاتَّفَقَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ كُلُّهَا عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا فَرَضَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَأُمَّتِهِ، خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ، فَمَرَّ بِمُوسَى، قَالَ: " ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ لِأُمَّتِكَ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ عَالَجْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَبْلَكَ أَشَدَّ الْمُعَالَجَةِ، وَإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ أَضْعَفُ أَسْمَاعًا، وَأَبْصَارًا، وَأَفْئِدَةً " فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَرَدَّدُ بَيْنَ مُوسَى وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَيُخَفِّفُ عَنْهُ فِي كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ، حَتَّى صَارَتْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ. وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: هِيَ خَمْسٌ، وَهِيَ خَمْسُونَ أَيْ; بِالْمُضَاعَفَةِ فَجَزَى اللَّهُ عَنَّا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ خَيْرًا، وَجَزَى اللَّهُ عَنَّا مُوسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، خَيْرًا. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا، فَقَالَ: عُرِضْتَ عَلَيَّ الْأُمَمُ، وَرَأَيْتُ سَوَادًا كَثِيرًا سَدَّ الْأُفُقَ، فَقِيلَ: هَذَا مُوسَى فِي قَوْمِهِ ذكر موسى في القرآن وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُوسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، فِي الْقُرْآنِ كَثِيرًا، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَأَوْرَدَ قِصَّتَهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْعَزِيزِ مِرَارًا، وَكَرَّرَهَا كَثِيرًا، مُطَوَّلَةً، وَمَبْسُوطَةً، وَمُخْتَصَرَةً، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بَلِيغًا. وَكَثِيرًا مَا يَقْرِنُهُ اللَّهُ، وَيَذْكُرُهُ، وَيَذْكُرُ كِتَابَهُ مَعَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَكِتَابِهِ كَمَا قَالَ فِي سُورَةِ " الْبَقَرَةِ ": وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 110 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: الم اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَأَنْزَلَ الْفُرْقَانَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انْتِقَامٍ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 1 - 4 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ " الْأَنْعَامِ ": وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ قُلِ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ وَهَذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنْذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَهُمْ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 91، 92 ]. فَأَثْنَى تَعَالَى عَلَى التَّوْرَاةِ، ثُمَّ مَدَحَ الْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ مَدْحًا عَظِيمًا، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى فِي آخِرِهَا: ثُمَّ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ تَمَامًا عَلَى الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ وَتَفْصِيلًا لِكُلِ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَعَلَّهُمْ بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَهَذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَاتَّقُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 154، 155 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ " الْمَائِدَةِ ": إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلَا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ [ الْمَائِدَةِ: 44 ]. إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ وَأَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَمُهَيْمِنًا عَلَيْهِ [ الْمَائِدَةِ: 47، 48 ]. الْآيَةَ. فَجُعِلَ الْقُرْآنُ حَاكِمًا عَلَى سَائِرِ الْكُتُبِ غَيْرِهِ، وَجَعَلَهُ مُصَدِّقًا لَهَا، وَمُبَيِّنًا مَا وَقَعَ فِيهَا مِنَ التَّحْرِيفِ وَالتَّبْدِيلِ، فَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ اسْتُحْفِظُوا عَلَى مَا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى حِفْظِهَا، وَلَا عَلَى ضَبْطِهَا وَصَوْنِهَا، فَلِهَذَا دَخَلَهَا مَا دَخَلَهَا مِنْ تَغْيِيرِهِمْ وَتَبْدِيلِهِمْ; لِسُوءِ فُهُومِهِمْ، وَقُصُورِهِمْ فِي عُلُومِهِمْ، وَرَدَاءَةِ قُصُودِهِمْ، وَخِيَانَتِهِمْ لِمَعْبُودِهِمْ، عَلَيْهِمْ لِعَائِنُ اللَّهِ الْمُتَتَابِعَةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَلِهَذَا يُوجَدُ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ مِنَ الْخَطَأِ الْبَيِّنِ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَعَلَى رُسُلِهِ، مَا لَا يُحَدُّ وَلَا يُوصَفُ، وَمَا لَا يُوجَدُ مِثْلُهُ وَلَا يُعْرَفُ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ " الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ": وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ الْفُرْقَانَ وَضِيَاءً وَذِكْرًا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَهُمْ مِنَ السَّاعَةِ مُشْفِقُونَ وَهَذَا ذِكْرٌ مُبَارَكٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ أَفَأَنْتُمْ لَهُ مُنْكِرُونَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 48 - 50 ]. وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ " الْقَصَصِ ": فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا قَالُوا لَوْلَا أُوتِيَ مِثْلَ مَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى أَوَلَمْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى مِنْ قَبْلُ قَالُوا سِحْرَانِ تَظَاهَرَا وَقَالُوا إِنَّا بِكُلٍّ كَافِرُونَ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ أَهْدَى مِنْهُمَا أَتَّبِعْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ [ الْقَصَصِ: 48، 49 ]. فَأَثْنَى اللَّهُ عَلَى الْكِتَابَيْنِ، وَعَلَى الرَّسُولَيْنِ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ، وَقَالَتِ الْجِنُّ لِقَوْمِهِمْ: إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا كِتَابًا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَى مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ [ الْأَحْقَافِ: 30 ]. وَقَالَ وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ لَمَّا قَصَّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، خَبَرَ مَا رَأَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ الْوَحْيِ، وَتَلَا عَلَيْهِ: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ [ الْعَلَقِ: 1 - 5 ]. قَالَ سُبُّوحٌ سُبُّوحٌ، هَذَا النَّامُوسُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ. وَبِالْجُمْلَةِ فَشَرِيعَةُ مُوسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، كَانَتْ عَظِيمَةً، وَأُمَّتُهُ كَانَتْ أُمَّةً كَثِيرَةً، وَوُجِدَ فِيهَا أَنْبِيَاءُ، وَعُلَمَاءُ، وَعُبَّادٌ، وَزُهَّادٌ، وَأَلِبَّاءُ، وَمُلُوكٌ، وَأُمَرَاءُ، وَسَادَاتٌ، وَكُبَرَاءُ، لَكِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا فَبَادُوا وَتَبَدَّلُوا، كَمَا بُدِّلَتْ شَرِيعَتُهُمْ، وَمُسِخُوا قِرَدَةً وَخَنَازِيرَ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَتْ بَعْدَ كُلِّ حِسَابٍ مِلَّتُهُمْ، وَجَرَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ خُطُوبٌ وَأُمُورٌ يَطُولُ ذِكْرُهَا.
Translation
✧ Mention of the virtues of Moses ﷺ, his traits, his characteristics, and his death Allah, the Exalted, said: And mention in the Book Moses. Indeed, he was chosen, and he was a messenger and a prophet. And We called him from the side of the mount, the right [side], and brought him near in communion. And We gave him out of Our mercy his brother Aaron, a prophet [Maryam: 51–53]. He mentioned him with messengership, prophethood, sincerity, being spoken to, and being brought near, and bestowed favor upon him by making his brother Aaron a prophet. And He, the Exalted, said: He said, "O Moses, I have chosen you over the people with My messages and My speech" [al-Aʿrāf: 144]. It has been previously mentioned in the "two Ṣaḥīḥs," on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that he said: "Do not prefer me over Moses, for the people will be struck unconscious on the Day of Resurrection, and I will be the first to regain consciousness, and I will find Moses grasping the leg of the Throne. I do not know whether he was struck unconscious and regained consciousness before me, or whether he was recompensed with the swoon of the Mount." We have previously stated that this is from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ by way of self-deprecation and humility; otherwise, he, may Allah's blessings and ﷺ, is the seal of the prophets and the master of the children of Adam in this world and the Hereafter, decisively and certainly, with no possibility of the contrary. And He, the Exalted, said: Indeed, We have revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him, and We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes... until He said: and messengers We have recounted to you before and messengers We have not recounted to you. And Allah spoke to Moses directly [al-Nisāʾ: 163, 164]. And He, the Exalted, said: O you who believe, do not be like those who harmed Moses, and Allah cleared him of what they said, and he was with Allah distinguished [al-Aḥzāb: 69]. Some of the early scholars said: Part of his distinction was that he interceded with Allah for his brother and asked that he be a minister with him, and Allah answered his request, granted him what he sought, and made him a prophet; as He said: And We gave him out of Our mercy his brother Aaron, a prophet. Then al-Bukhārī reported from al-Aʿmash, "I asked Abū Wāʾil, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a division, and a man said, 'This is a division by which the face of Allah is not intended.' So I went to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him, and he became angry until I saw anger in his face, then he said: 'May Allah have mercy on Moses; he was harmed with more than this, and he was patient.' The Prophet's ﷺ passing by the grave of Moses ﷺ It has been established in the "Ṣaḥīḥ" in the ḥadīths of the Night Journey that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by Moses while he was standing praying in his grave. Muslim narrated it from Anas. In the "two Ṣaḥīḥs" from the narration of Qatāda, from Anas, from Mālik b. Ṣaʿṣaʿa, from the Prophet ﷺ, that on the night he was taken on the Night Journey, he passed by Moses in the sixth heaven, and Gabriel said to him: "This is Moses; greet him." He said: "So I greeted him." He said: "Welcome to the righteous prophet and the righteous brother." When I passed beyond him, he wept; it was said to him: "What makes you weep?" He said: "I weep because a young man sent after me will have more of his community enter Paradise than those of my community who enter it." And he mentioned Abraham in the seventh heaven. This is the well-attested version. As for what occurs in the ḥadīth of Sharīk b. Abī Namir, from Anas, that Abraham was in the sixth heaven and Moses in the seventh, due to the excellence of the speech of Allah, more than one of the ḥadīth masters has mentioned that the mainstream position is that Moses was in the sixth and Abraham in the seventh, and that he was leaning his back against the Much-Frequented House, which seventy thousand angels enter every day and never return to it afterward. All the narrations agree that when Allah, the Exalted, imposed fifty prayers day and night upon Muhammad ﷺ and his community, he passed by Moses, and he said: "Return to your Lord and ask Him for reduction for your community, for I have dealt with the Children of Israel before you with the severest dealing, and your community is weaker in hearing, sight, and hearts." He continued to go back and forth between Moses and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, reducing it each time, until it became five prayers day and night. And Allah, the Exalted, said: "They are five, and they are fifty"—meaning, by multiplication. May Allah reward Muhammad ﷺ well on our behalf, and may Allah reward Moses ﷺ well on our behalf. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to us one day and said: 'The nations were presented to me, and I saw a great black mass filling the horizon, and it was said: This is Moses with his people.'" Mention of Moses in the Qur'an Allah, the Exalted, has mentioned Moses ﷺ frequently in the Qur'an, praised him, and presented his story in His Mighty Book many times, repeating it often, at length, in detail, and in brief, and praised him eloquently. He often pairs him and mentions him and his Book together with Muhammad ﷺ and his Book, as He said in Sūrat al-Baqarah: And when there came to them a messenger from Allah confirming what was with them, a party of those who had been given the Book threw the Book of Allah behind their backs as if they did not know [al-Baqarah: 110]. And He, the Exalted, said: Alif Lām Mīm. Allah—there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer. He sent down to you the Book in truth, confirming what was before it, and He sent down the Torah and the Gospel before as guidance for the people, and He sent down the Criterion. Indeed, those who disbelieve in the verses of Allah will have a severe punishment, and Allah is Mighty, Possessor of retribution [Āl ʿImrān: 1–4]. And He, the Exalted, said in Sūrat al-Anʿām: They did not appraise Allah with true appraisal when they said, "Allah has not sent down anything to any human being." Say, "Who sent down the Book that Moses brought as a light and guidance for the people? You make it into sheets, disclosing some and concealing much. And you were taught that which you did not know, neither you nor your fathers." Say, "Allah." Then leave them in their discourse, playing. And this is a Book We have sent down, blessed, confirming what was before it, and that you may warn the Mother of Cities and those around it. Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it, and they maintain their prayers [al-Anʿām: 91, 92]. Thus He praised the Torah, then extolled the Mighty Qur'an with great praise. And He, the Exalted, said at the end of it: Then We gave Moses the Book, completing [Our favor] upon the one who did good, and as a detailed explanation of all things, and as guidance and mercy that perhaps they would believe in the meeting with their Lord. And this is a Book We have sent down, blessed, so follow it and fear Allah that you may receive mercy [al-Anʿām: 154, 155]. And He, the Exalted, said in Sūrat al-Māʾidah: Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted judged by it for those who were Jews, and the rabbis and the scholars by what they were entrusted with of the Book of Allah, and they were witnesses to it. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has sent down—those are the disbelievers [al-Māʾidah: 44]. Until He said: And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has sent down therein. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has sent down—those are the defiantly disobedient. And We sent down to you the Book in truth, confirming what was before it of the Book and as a guardian over it [al-Māʾidah: 47, 48], to the end of the verse. Thus the Qur'an was made a judge over all other books, and He made it confirming them and clarifying the distortion and alteration that occurred in them. For the People of the Book were entrusted with the books in their hands, but they were not able to preserve them, nor to control, maintain, and protect them. Therefore, what entered them of their changes and alterations entered because of their poor understanding, their deficiency in knowledge, the badness of their intentions, and their betrayal of their worshipped one—upon them be the successive curses of Allah until the Day of Resurrection. For this reason, in their books there is found clear error against Allah and His messengers that cannot be limited or described, and the like of which is not found or known. And He, the Exalted, said in Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ: And We gave Moses and Aaron the Criterion and a light and a reminder for the righteous, those who fear their Lord in the unseen and are apprehensive of the Hour. And this is a blessed reminder We have sent down; will you then deny it? [al-Anbiyāʾ: 48–50]. And Allah, the Exalted, said in Sūrat al-Qaṣaṣ: And when the truth came to them from Us, they said, "Why was he not given the like of what Moses was given?" Did they not disbelieve in what Moses was given before? They said, "Two magic works supporting each other," and they said, "Indeed, we disbelieve in both." Say, "Then bring a book from Allah that is more guiding than either of them, and I will follow it, if you are truthful" [al-Qaṣaṣ: 48, 49]. Thus Allah praised the two books and the two messengers, upon them be peace. The jinn said to their people: Indeed, we have heard a Book sent down after Moses, confirming what was before it [al-Aḥqāf: 30]. And Waraqa b. Nawfal said, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ related to him the news of what he had seen at the beginning of the revelation, and recited to him: Read in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clinging substance. Read, and your Lord is the most generous, who taught by the pen, taught man what he did not know [al-ʿAlaq: 1–5]. He said: "Holy, holy! This is the Law that was sent down to Moses b. ʿImrān." In sum, the law of Moses ﷺ was great, and his community was a large community. In it there arose prophets, scholars, worshipers, ascetics, wise men, kings, princes, masters, and nobles. But they were, and then they perished and were changed, just as their law was altered, and they were transformed into apes and pigs. Then after all reckoning their religion was abrogated, and there befell them calamities and affairs whose mention would be long.
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