Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2350
Then the Year Eighty-Five Began
عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هُوَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، أَبُو الْأَصْبَغِ، الْقُرَشِيُّ الْأُمَوِيُّ، وُلِدَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الشَّامَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ مَرْوَانَ، وَكَانَ وَلِيَّ عَهْدِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَوَلَّاهُ أَبُوهُ إِمْرَةَ الدِّيَارِ الْمِصْرِيَّةِ فِي سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ، فَكَانَ وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَشَهِدَ قَتْلَ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ دَارٌ بِدِمَشْقَ، وَهِيَ الدَّارُ الَّتِي لِلصُّوفِيَّةِ الْيَوْمَ، الْمَعْرُوفَةُ بِالْخَانَقَاهِ السُّمَيْسَاطِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ لِوَلَدِهِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ثُمَّ تَنَقَّلَتْ إِلَى أَنْ صَارَتْ خَانِقَاهَ لِلصُّوفِيَّةِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنْهُ فِي " مُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ "، وَ " سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ "، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: شَرُّ مَا فِي الرَّجُلِ شُحٌّ هَالِعٌ وَجُبْنٌ خَالِعٌ. وَعَنْهُ ابْنُهُ عُمَرُ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: كَانَ ثِقَةً قَلِيلَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: كَانَ يَلْحَنُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَفِي كَلَامِهِ، ثُمَّ تَعَلَّمَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ فَأَتْقَنَهَا وَأَحْسَنَهَا، فَكَانَ مِنْ أَفْصَحِ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ يَشْكُو خَتَنَهُ - وَهُوَ زَوْجُ ابْنَتِهِ - فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ مَنْ خَتَنَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: خَتَنَنِي الْخَاتِنُ الَّذِي يَخْتِنُ النَّاسَ. فَقَالَ لِكَاتِبِهِ: وَيْحَكَ، بِمَاذَا أَجَابَنِي ؟ فَقَالَ الْكَاتِبُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَقُولَ مَنْ خَتَنُكَ ؟ فَآلَى عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ حَتَّى يَتَعَلَّمَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ، فَمَكَثَ جُمُعَةً وَاحِدَةً فَتَعَلَّمَهَا، فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَفْصَحِ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَجْزِلُ عَطَاءَ مَنْ يُعْرِبُ كَلَامَهُ، وَيَنْقُصُ عَطَاءَ مَنْ يَلْحَنُ فِيهِ ; فَتَسَارَعَ النَّاسُ فِي زَمَانِهِ إِلَى تَعَلُّمِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ يَوْمًا لِرَجُلٍ: مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ مِنْ بَنُو عَبْدِ الدَّارِ. فَقَالَ: تَجِدُهَا فِي جَائِزَتِكَ، فَنَقَصَهُ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ. وَعَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: ارْفَعْ إِلَيَّ حَاجَتَكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: الْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى، وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ. وَلَسْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ شَيْئًا، وَلَا أَرُدُّ رِزْقًا رَزَقَنِيهِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْكَ. وَعَنْ سُوِيدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ. قَالَ: فَجِئْتُهُ، فَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ. فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ الْمَالُ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُهُ اللَّيْلَةَ حَتَّى أُصْبِحَ. قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، لَا يَبِيتُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ اللَّيْلَةَ وَلَهُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ. قَالَ: فَدَفَعَ إِلَيَّ الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى جِئْتُهُ بِهَا، فَفَرَّقَهَا ؓ. وَمِنْ كَلَامِهِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: عَجَبًا لِمُؤْمِنٍ يُؤْمِنُ وَيُوقِنُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرْزُقُهُ وَيُخْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ، كَيْفَ يَحْبِسُ مَالًا عَنْ عَظِيمِ أَجْرٍ وَحُسْنِ سَمَاعٍ. وَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أُحْضِرَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَخُصُّهُ، وَإِذَا هُوَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ مُدْيٍ مِنْ ذَهَبَ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ بَعْرٌ حَائِلٌ بِنَجْدٍ. وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ شَيْئًا مَذْكُورًا، وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ هَذَا الْمَاءَ الْجَارِيَ، أَوْ نَبَاتَةً بِأَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ. وَقَالَ: ائْتُونِي بِكَفَنِي الَّذِي تُكَفِّنُونِي فِيهِ. فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: أُفٍّ لَكَ مَا أَقْصَرَ طَوِيلَكَ، وَأَقَلَّ كَثِيرَكَ ! قَالَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ: كَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ لَيْلَةَ الِاثْنَيْنِ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْأُولَى سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَثَمَانِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ: وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ مِنْ يَعْقُوبَ، وَالصَّوَابُ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَثَمَانِينَ ; فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ قَبْلَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ أَخِيهِ، وَمَاتَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَثَمَانِينَ. وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ مِنْ خِيَارِ الْأُمَرَاءِ، كَرِيمًا جَوَادًا مُمَدَّحًا، وَهُوَ وَالِدُ الْخَلِيفَةِ الرَّاشِدِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَقَدِ اكْتَسَى عُمْرُ أَخْلَاقَ أَبِيهِ، وَزَادَ عَلَيْهِ بِأُمُورٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، وَكَانَ لِعَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ غَيْرُ عُمْرَ: عَاصِمٌ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَمُحَمَّدٌ وَالْأَصْبَغُ - مَاتَ قَبْلَهُ بِقَلِيلٍ، فَحَزِنَ عَلَيْهِ حُزْنًا كَثِيرًا، وَمَرِضَ بَعْدَهُ وَمَاتَ - وَسُهَيْلٌ، وَكَانَ لَهُ عِدَّةُ بَنَاتٍ: أُمُّ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأُمُّ عُثْمَانَ، وَأُمُّ الْحَكَمِ، وَأُمُّ الْبَنِينَ، وَهُنَّ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتٍ شَتَّى، وَلَهُ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ غَيْرُ هَؤُلَاءِ، مَاتَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ الَّتِي بَنَاهَا عَلَى مَرْحَلَةٍ مِنْ مِصْرَ، وَحُمِلَ إِلَى مِصْرَ فِي النِّيلِ، وَدُفِنَ بِهَا، وَقَدْ تَرَكَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَثَاثِ وَالدَّوَابِّ ; مِنَ الْخَيْلِ وَالْبِغَالِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مَا يَعْجَزُ عَنْهُ الْوَصْفُ، مِنْ جُمْلَةِ ذَلِكَ: ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ مُدِّ ذَهَبٍ غَيْرُ الْوَرِقِ، مَعَ جُودِهِ وَكَرَمِهِ وَبَذْلِهِ وَعَطَايَاهُ الْجَزِيلَةِ ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ أَعْطَى النَّاسَ لِلْجَزِيلِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.
Translation
✧ ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān, may God Almighty have mercy on him He is ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayyah b. ʿAbd Shams, Abū al-Aṣbagh, the Qurashī the Umayyad. He was born in Madinah, then entered Syria with his father Marwān. He was his heir apparent after his brother ʿAbd al-Malik, and his father appointed him governor of the Egyptian territories in the year sixty-five. He remained its governor until this year. He witnessed the killing of ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, as we have mentioned before. He had a house in Damascus, which is the house that belongs to the Sufis today, known as the Sumaysāṭiyyah khānqāh. After him it belonged to his son ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, then it passed through various hands until it became a khānqāh for the Sufis. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān narrated hadith from his father, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, ʿUqbah b. ʿĀmir, and Abū Hurayrah. His hadith from him is in the Musnad of Aḥmad and the Sunan of Abū Dāwūd, that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: The worst thing in a man is a grievous miserliness and a cowardice that causes flight. From him narrated his son ʿUmar, al-Zuhrī, ʿAlī b. Rabāḥ, and a group. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: He was trustworthy, with few hadith. Others said: He used to make grammatical errors in hadith and in his speech, then he learned Arabic and mastered it and excelled in it, and he became one of the most eloquent of people. The reason for that was that a man entered upon him complaining about his son-in-law—who is the husband of his daughter—and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said to him: Who is your khatan? The man said: The circumciser who circumcises people circumcised me. So he said to his scribe: Woe to you, what did he answer me? The scribe said: O Commander of the Faithful, you should have said: Who is your khatan? So he swore to himself that he would not leave his house until he learned Arabic. He stayed for a single week and learned it, and he came out as one of the most eloquent of people. After that, he used to increase the gift of one who used correct inflection in his speech, and decrease the gift of one who made grammatical errors in it. So people hastened in his time to learn Arabic. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said one day to a man: From whom are you? He said: From Banū ʿAbd al-Dār. He said: You will find it in your stipend, and he reduced it by a hundred dinars. From al-Qaʿqāʿ b. Ḥakīm, he said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān wrote to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar: Raise to me your need. Ibn ʿUmar wrote to him that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: The upper hand is better than the lower hand, and begin with those you support. I will not ask you for anything, nor will I reject provision that God, Mighty and Majestic, has provided me from you. From Suwayd b. Qays, he said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān sent me with a thousand dinars to Ibn ʿUmar. He said: I came to him and handed him the letter. He said: Where is the money? I said: I cannot bring it tonight until morning. He said: No, by God, Ibn ʿUmar will not spend the night with a thousand dinars in his possession. He said: He handed me the letter, and I brought it to him, and he distributed it, ؓ. Among his words, may God have mercy on him: How strange is a believer who believes and is certain that God provides for him and replaces for him, how can he withhold wealth from a great reward and a good reputation? When death came to him, wealth belonging to him was brought, and behold it was three hundred mudy of gold. He said: By God, I wish it were dry dung in Najd. He said: By God, I wish I had never been anything mentioned, and I wish I were this flowing water, or a plant in the land of the Hijaz. He said: Bring me my shroud in which you will shroud me. He began to say: Uff to you, how short is your long, and how little is your much! Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān said, from Ibn Bukayr, from al-Layth: His death was on Monday night, thirteen nights remaining of Jumādā al-Ūlā in the year eighty-six. Ibn ʿAsākir said: This is an error by Yaʿqūb; the correct is the year eighty-five, for he died before his brother ʿAbd al-Malik, and ʿAbd al-Malik died in the year eighty-six. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān was among the best of the governors, generous, munificent, and praised. He is the father of the rightly-guided caliph ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. ʿUmar acquired the character of his father and surpassed him in many matters. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz had children other than ʿUmar: ʿĀṣim, Abū Bakr, Muḥammad, and al-Aṣbagh—who died shortly before him, and he grieved for him greatly, and he fell ill after him and died—and Suhayl. He had several daughters: Umm Muḥammad, Umm ʿUthmān, Umm al-Ḥakam, and Umm al-Banīn, from various mothers. He had other children besides these. He died in the city that he built one stage from Egypt, and he was carried to Egypt on the Nile, and buried there. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān left wealth, furnishings, and animals—horses, mules, camels, and other things—that defy description. Among that was three hundred mudd of gold besides silver, along with his generosity, his munificence, his giving, and his abundant gifts. He was among the most generous of people in bestowing great gifts, may God Almighty have mercy on him.
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