Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2343
Then the Year Eighty-Two Began
ثُمَّ كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ دَيْرِ الْجَمَاجِمِ فِي شَعْبَانَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. قَالَهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ ابْنَ الْأَشْعَثِ لَمَّا قَصَدَ الْكُوفَةَ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُهَا، فَتَلَقَّوْهُ، وَحَفَوْا بِهِ، وَدَخَلُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ شِرْذِمَةً قَلِيلَةً أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَهُ دُونَ مَطَرِ بْنِ نَاجِيَةَ نَائِبِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَلَمْ يُمَكِّنْهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَعَدَلُوا إِلَى الْقَصْرِ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ أَمَرَ بِالسَّلَالِيمِ فَنُصِبَتْ عَلَى قَصْرِ الْإِمَارَةِ، فَأَخَذَهُ، وَاسْتَنْزَلَ مَطَرَ بْنَ نَاجِيَةَ، وَأَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اسْتَبْقِنِي; فَإِنِّي خَيْرٌ مِنْ فُرْسَانِكَ. فَحَبَسَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَدْعَاهُ فَأَطْلَقَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ، وَاسْتَوْثَقَ لِابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ أَمْرُ الْكُوفَةِ، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَأَمَرَ بِالْمَسَالِحِ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ، وَحُفِظَتِ الثُّغُورُ وَالطُّرُقُ وَالْمَسَالِكُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ رَكِبَ فَيْمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْجُيُوشِ الشَّامِيَّةِ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ فِي الْبَرِّ، حَتَّى مَرَّ بَيْنَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ وَالْعُذَيْبِ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْعَبَّاسِ فِي خَيْلٍ عَظِيمَةٍ مِنَ الْمَصْرَيْنِ، فَمَنَعُوا الْحَجَّاجَ مِنْ نُزُولِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، فَسَارَ الْحَجَّاجُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ دَيْرَ قُرَّةَ، وَجَاءَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْجُيُوشِ الْبَصْرِيَّةِ وَالْكُوفِيَّةِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ دَيْرَ الْجَمَاجِمِ، وَمَعَهُ جُنُودٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَفِيهِمُ الْقُرَّاءُ مِنَ الْمِصْرَيْنِ، وَخَلْقٌ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ، وَكَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ: قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ ابْنَ الْأَشْعَثِ، أَمَا كَانَ يَزْجُرُ الطَّيْرَ حَيْثُ رَآنِي قَدْ نَزَلْتُ دَيْرَ قُرَّةَ، وَنَزَلَ هُوَ بِدَيْرِ الْجَمَاجِمِ. وَكَانَ جُمْلَةُ مَنِ اجْتَمَعَ مَعَ ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ مُقَاتِلٍ، مِمَّنْ يَأْخُذُ الْعَطَاءَ، وَمَعَهُمْ مِثْلُهُمْ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِمْ، وَقَدِمَ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فِي غُبُونِ ذَلِكَ أَمْدَادٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنَ الشَّامِ، وَخَنْدَقَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَحَوْلَ جَيْشِهِ خَنْدَقًا، يُمْتَنَعُ بِهِ مِنَ الْوُصُولِ إِلَيْهِمْ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ كَانَ يَبْرُزُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ فَيَقْتَتِلُونَ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ، حَتَّى أُصِيبَ مِنْ رُءُوسِ النَّاسِ خَلْقٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَاسْتَمَرَّ هَذَا الْحَالُ مُدَّةً طَوِيلَةً، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْأُمَرَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَشُورَةِ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنْ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ يُرْضِيهِمْ مِنْكَ أَنْ تَعْزِلَ عَنْهُمُ الْحَجَّاجَ فَهُوَ أَيْسَرُ مِنْ قِتَالِهِمْ وَسَفْكِ دِمَائِهِمْ، فَاسْتَحْضَرَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَخَاهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ، وَابْنَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، وَمَعَهُمَا جُنُودٌ كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا، وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُمَا كِتَابًا إِلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ يَقُولُ لَهُمْ: إِنْ كَانَ يُرْضِيكُمْ مِنِّي عَزْلُ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْكُمْ عَزَلْتُهُ، وَأَبْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُعْطِيَّاتِكُمْ مِثْلَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، وَلْيَخْتَرِ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ أَيَّ بَلَدٍ شَاءَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ أَمِيرًا مَا عَاشَ وَعِشْتُ، وَتَكُونُ إِمْرَةُ الْعِرَاقِ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ. وَقَالَ فِي عَهْدِهِ هَذَا: فَإِنْ لَمْ يُجِبْ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَالْحَجَّاجُ عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِلَيْهِ إِمْرَةُ الْحَرْبِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فِي طَاعَتِهِ وَتَحْتَ أَمْرِهِ، لَا يَخْرُجُونَ عَنْ رَأْيِهِ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَغَيْرِهِ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْحَجَّاجَ مَا كَتَبَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ مِنْ عَزْلِهِ إِنْ رَضُوا بِهِ، شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ مَشَقَّةً عَظِيمَةً جِدًّا، وَعَظُمَ شَأْنُ هَذَا الرَّأْيِ عِنْدَهُ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَعْطَيْتَ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ نَزْعِي عَنْهُمْ لَا يَلْبَثُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى يُخَالِفُوكَ وَيَسِيرُوا إِلَيْكَ، وَلَا يَزِيدُهُمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا جُرْأَةً عَلَيْكَ، أَلَمْ تَرَ وَتَسْمَعْ بِوُثُوبِ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ مَعَ الْأَشْتَرِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَلَى ابْنِ عَفَّانَ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَهُمْ: مَا تُرِيدُونَ؟ قَالُوا: نَزْعَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ لَمْ تَتِمَّ لَهُمُ السَّنَةُ حَتَّى سَارُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلُوهُ؟ وَإِنَّ الْحَدِيدَ بِالْحَدِيدِ يُفْلَحُ، كَانَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيمَا ارْتَأَيْتَ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ. قَالَ: فَأَبَى عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِلَّا عَرْضَ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ كَمَا أَمَرَ، فَتَقَدَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَمُحَمَّدٌ، فَنَادَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: يَا مَعْشَرَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ وَإِنَّهُ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْكُمْ كَيْتَ وَكَيْتَ، فَذَكَرَ مَا كَتَبَ بِهِ أَبُوهُ مَعَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ: وَأَنَا رَسُولُ أَخِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَيْكُمْ بِذَلِكَ. فَقَالُوا: نَنْظُرُ فِي أَمْرِنَا غَدًا، وَنَرُدُّ عَلَيْكُمُ الْخَبَرَ عَشِيَّةً، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا، فَاجْتَمَعَ جَمِيعُ الْأُمَرَاءِ إِلَى ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَقَامَ فِيهِمْ خَطِيبًا، وَنَدَبَهُمْ إِلَى قَبُولِ مَا عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ عَزْلِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْهُمْ، وَبَيْعَةِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَإِبْقَاءِ الْأُعْطِيَّاتِ، وَإِمْرَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَلَى الْعِرَاقِ بَدَلَ الْحَجَّاجِ. فَنَفَرَ النَّاسُ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ، وَقَالُوا: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَقْبَلُ ذَلِكَ; نَحْنُ أَكْثَرُ عَدَدًا وَعُدَدًا، وَهُمْ فِي ضِيقٍ مِنَ الْحَالِ، وَقَدْ حَكَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَذَلُّوا لَنَا، وَاللَّهِ لَا نُجِيبُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ أَبَدًا. ثُمَّ جَدَّدُوا خَلْعَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ ثَانِيَةً، وَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُمْ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَعَمَّهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ الْخَبَرُ قَالَا لِلْحَجَّاجِ: شَأْنُكَ بِهِمْ إِذًا، فَنَحْنُ فِي طَاعَتِكَ كَمَا أَمَرَنَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَكَانَا إِذَا لَقِيَاهُ سَلَّمَا عَلَيْهِ بِالْإِمْرَةِ، وَيُسَلِّمُ هُوَ أَيْضًا عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِمْرَةِ، وَتَوَلَّى الْحَجَّاجُ أَمْرَ الْحَرْبِ وَتَدْبِيرَهَا، كَمَا كَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ بَرَزَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ لِلْقِتَالِ وَالْحَرْبِ، فَجَعَلَ الْحَجَّاجُ عَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ الْكَلْبِيَّ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ عُمَارَةَ بْنَ تَمِيمٍ اللَّخْمِيَّ، وَعَلَى الْخَيْلِ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ الْأَبْرَدِ، وَعَلَى الرَّجَّالَةِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ حَبِيبٍ الْحَكَمِيَّ، وَجَعَلَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ عَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ الْخَثْعَمِيَّ، وَعَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ الْأَبْرَدَ بْنَ قُرَّةَ التَّمِيمِيَّ، وَعَلَى الْخَيَّالَةِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَعَلَى الرَّجَّالَةِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍّ الزُّهْرِيَّ، وَعَلَى الْقُرَّاءِ جَبَلَةَ بْنَ زَحْرِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْجُعْفِيَّ، وَكَانَ فِي الْقُرَّاءِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَامِرٌ الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَكُمَيْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ - وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا فَاتِكًا عَلَى كِبَرِ سِنِّهِ - وَأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الطَّائِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَجَعَلُوا يَقْتَتِلُونَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ، وَأَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ تَأْتِيهِمُ الْمِيرَةُ مِنَ الرَّسَاتِيقِ وَالْأَقَالِيمِ، مِنَ الْعَلَفِ وَالطَّعَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الشَّامِ الَّذِينَ مَعَ الْحَجَّاجِ فَفِي ضِيقٍ مِنَ الْعَيْشِ، وَقِلَّةٍ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ، وَقَدْ فَقَدُوا اللَّحْمَ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ فَلَا يَجِدُونَهُ، وَمَا زَالَتِ الْحَرْبُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ كُلِّهَا، حَتَّى انْسَلَخَتْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةُ وَهُمْ عَلَى حَالِهِمْ وَقِتَالِهِمْ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ، أَوْ يَوْمٍ بَعْدَ يَوْمٍ، وَالدَّائِرَةُ لِأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فِي أَكْثَرِ الْأَيَّامِ، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَجَّاجِ زِيَادُ بْنُ غَنْمٍ، وَكَسَرَ بِسْطَامُ بْنُ مِصْقَلَةَ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ جُفُونَ سُيُوفِهِمْ، وَاسْتَقْتَلُوا، وَكَانُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ.
Translation
✧ Then the Battle of Dayr al-Jamājim took place in Shaʿbān of this year. Al-Wāqidī said this. This was because when Ibn al-Ashʿath headed for al-Kūfah, its people went out to him, met him, surrounded him, and entered before him; however a small band wanted to fight him in defense of Maṭar b. Nājiyah, al-Ḥajjāj's deputy, but he did not enable them to do that, so they turned aside to the palace. When Ibn al-Ashʿath reached al-Kūfah, he ordered ladders, and they were set up against the palace of the emirate; he took it, brought down Maṭar b. Nājiyah, and wanted to kill him. Maṭar said to him: "Spare me, for I am better than your horsemen." So he imprisoned him, then summoned him and released him and gave him allegiance. Ibn al-Ashʿath's authority over al-Kūfah was secured, and those who came from the people of al-Baṣrah joined him. Among those who came to him was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-ʿAbbās b. Rabīʿah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. He ordered outposts on every side, and the frontiers, roads, and paths were guarded. Then al-Ḥajjāj rode with the Syrian armies that were with him from al-Baṣrah by land until he passed between al-Qādisiyyah and al-ʿUdhayb. Ibn al-Ashʿath sent against him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-ʿAbbās with a great host of horsemen from the two garrisons, and they prevented al-Ḥajjāj from encamping at al-Qādisiyyah. Al-Ḥajjāj marched until he encamped at Dayr Qurrah, and Ibn al-Ashʿath came with the Baṣran and Kūfan armies that were with him until he encamped at Dayr al-Jamājim. With him were many troops, and among them were the Qurʾān reciters from the two garrisons and a multitude of righteous men. Al-Ḥajjāj used to say after that: "May God fight Ibn al-Ashʿath! Would that he had alarmed the birds when he saw me encamp at Dayr Qurrah while he encamped at Dayr al-Jamājim." The total of those who gathered with Ibn al-Ashʿath was one hundred thousand fighting men from those who received stipends, and with them the like of that number from their clients. Meanwhile, many reinforcements from Syria came to al-Ḥajjāj in the midst of that. Each of the two parties dug a trench around himself and his army to prevent anyone from reaching them, except that the men would come out against one another every day and fight fiercely every day, until a multitude of the leading men of Quraysh and others were killed. This situation continued for a long time. The commanders of the advisory council gathered before ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān and said to him: "If the people of Iraq would be satisfied with your dismissing al-Ḥajjāj from them, that is easier than fighting them and shedding their blood." At that point ʿAbd al-Malik summoned his brother Muḥammad b. Marwān and his son ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, and with them were very many troops. He wrote with them a letter to the people of Iraq saying to them: "If it satisfies you that I dismiss al-Ḥajjāj from you, I will dismiss him, and I will maintain your stipends for you like the people of Syria. Let Ibn al-Ashʿath choose whichever land he wishes to be its governor as long as he and I live, and the governorship of Iraq will be for Muḥammad b. Marwān." He said in this covenant of his: "If the people of Iraq do not accept that, then al-Ḥajjāj remains as he is, and to him belongs the command of war, while Muḥammad b. Marwān and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Malik are under his obedience and command and do not depart from his opinion in war or otherwise." When al-Ḥajjāj learned what ʿAbd al-Malik had written to the people of Iraq about dismissing him if they accepted it, that distressed him greatly, and this matter weighed heavily upon him. He wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik: "O Commander of the Faithful, by God, if you grant the people of Iraq my removal from them, they will not wait but a little while before they oppose you and march against you, and that will only increase their boldness toward you. Have you not seen and heard of the rising of the people of Iraq with al-Ashtar al-Nakhaʿī against Ibn ʿAffān? When he asked them: 'What do you want?' they said: 'The removal of Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ.' When he removed him, a year had not passed before they marched against him and killed him. Iron is cleaved by iron. May God be with you in what you have decided. Peace be upon you." He said: ʿAbd al-Malik refused anything but to present these terms to the people of Iraq as he had commanded. ʿAbd Allāh and Muḥammad advanced. ʿAbd Allāh called out: "O people of Iraq, I am ʿAbd Allāh, son of the Commander of the Faithful ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān. He offers you such-and-such," and he mentioned what his father had written with him to them of these terms. Muḥammad b. Marwān said: "And I am the messenger of my brother, the Commander of the Faithful, to you with that." They said: "We will consider our affair tomorrow and return the news to you in the evening." Then they departed. All the commanders gathered around Ibn al-Ashʿath, and he stood among them as a preacher and urged them to accept what was offered to them: the dismissal of al-Ḥajjāj from them, allegiance to ʿAbd al-Malik, the continuation of stipends, and the governorship of Muḥammad b. Marwān over Iraq instead of al-Ḥajjāj. The people shrank back from every side and said: "No, by God, we will not accept that. We are greater in number and equipment, and they are in a straitened condition. We have already gained mastery over them, and they have been humbled before us. By God, we will never answer to that." Then they renewed the deposition of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān a second time, and they all agreed upon that. When the news reached ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Malik and his uncle Muḥammad b. Marwān, they said to al-Ḥajjāj: "Then the matter is yours with them, and we are under your obedience as the Commander of the Faithful commanded us." Whenever they met him, they would greet him with the emirate, and he would also greet them with the emirate. Al-Ḥajjāj took charge of the war and its management as before. At that point each of the two parties came out for battle and fighting. Al-Ḥajjāj placed ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Sulaymān al-Kalbī on his right wing, ʿUmārah b. Tamīm al-Lakhmī on his left wing, Sufyān b. al-Abrad over the cavalry, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥabīb al-Ḥakamī over the infantry. Ibn al-Ashʿath placed al-Ḥajjāj b. Ḥārithah al-Khathʿamī on his right wing, al-Abrad b. Qurrah al-Tamīmī on the left wing, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbbās b. Rabīʿah over the cavalry, Muḥammad b. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ al-Zuhrī over the infantry, and Jabalah b. Zaḥr b. Qays al-Juʿfī over the Qurʾān reciters. Among the reciters were Saʿīd b. Jubayr, ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Laylā, Kumayl b. Ziyād—who was brave and daring despite his advanced age—and Abū al-Bakhtarī al-Ṭāʾī and others. They continued fighting every day. The people of Iraq received provisions from the rural districts and provinces: fodder, food, and other things. As for the Syrians who were with al-Ḥajjāj, they were in straitened circumstances and scarcity of food, and they had entirely lost meat, finding none. The war continued throughout this entire period until this year came to an end while they were in this state, fighting every day or every other day, with the upper hand belonging to the people of Iraq over the Syrians on most days. Among al-Ḥajjāj's companions, Ziyād b. Ghanm was killed, and Bisṭām b. Miṣqalah with four thousand men broke the scabbards of their swords and sought death, and they were among the companions of Ibn al-Ashʿath.
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