Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2336
Then the Year Eighty of the Prophetic Hijrah Began
وقوع السيل الجحاف بمكة ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ ثَمَانِينَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ فِيهَا كَانَ السَّيْلُ الْجُحَافُ بِمَكَّةَ ; لِأَنَّهُ حَجَفَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَرَّ بِهِ، وَحَمَلَ الْحُجَّاجَ مِنْ بَطْنِ مَكَّةَ وَالْجِمَالَ بِمَا عَلَيْهَا، وَالرِّجَالَ وَالنِّسَاءَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يُنْقِذَهُمْ مِنْهُ، وَبَلَغَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْحَجُونِ وَغَرِقَ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ ارْتَفَعَ حَتَّى كَادَ أَنْ يُغَطِّيَ الْبَيْتَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَحَكَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ الطَّاعُونُ الْجَارِفُ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. غزو المهلب بن أبي صفرة الأتراك بكش وقطع نهر بلخ وَفِيهَا قَطَعَ الْمُهَلَّبُ بْنُ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ نَهْرَ بَلْخَ، وَأَقَامَ بِكَشَّ سَنَتَيْنِ صَابِرًا مُصَابِرًا لِلْأَعْدَاءِ مِنَ الْأَتْرَاكِ، وَجَرَتْ لَهُ مَعَهُمْ هُنَاكَ فُصُولٌ يُطُولُ ذِكْرُهَا، وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي غُبُونِ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ كِتَابُ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ بِخَلْعِهِ الْحَجَّاجَ، فَبَعَثَهُ الْمُهَلَّبُ بِرُمَّتِهِ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ حَتَّى قَرَأَهُ، ثُمَّ كَانَ مَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ وَتَفْصِيلُهُ فِيمَا بَعْدُ مِنْ حُرُوبِ ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ. قتال الحجاج رتبيل ملك الترك وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ جَهَّزَ الْحَجَّاجُ الْجُيُوشَ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ وَالْكُوفَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا ; لِقِتَالِ رُتْبِيلَ مَلِكِ التُّرْكِ ; لِيَقْتَصُّوا مِنْهُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ قَتْلِ جَيْشِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ فِي السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ، فَجَهَّزَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا مِنْ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْمِصْرَيْنِ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَى الْجَمِيعِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ مَعَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ يُبْغِضُهُ جِدًّا، حَتَّى إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُهُ قَطُّ إِلَّا هَمَمْتُ بِقَتْلِهِ. وَدَخَلَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ يَوْمًا عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ وَعِنْدَهُ عَامِرٌ الشَّعْبِيُّ، فَقَالَ: انْظُرْ إِلَى مِشْيَتِهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ. فَأَسَرَّهَا الشَّعْبِيُّ إِلَى ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ: وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ لَأَجْهَدَنَّ أَنْ أُزِيلَهُ عَنْ سُلْطَانِهِ إِنْ طَالَ بِي وَبِهِ الْبَقَاءُ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ أَخْذَ فِي اسْتِعْرَاضِ هَذِهِ الْجُيُوشِ، وَبَذَلِ فِيهِمُ الْعَطَاءَ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفَ رَأْيُهُ فِيمَنْ يُؤَمِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ وَقَعَ اخْتِيَارُهُ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَقَدَّمَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَتَى عَمُّهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَقَالَ لِلْحَجَّاجِ: إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تُؤَمِّرَهُ فَلَا يَرَى لَكَ طَاعَةً إِذَا جَاوَزَ جِسْرَ الْفُرَاتِ. فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ هُوَ هُنَالِكَ، هُوَ لِي أَهْيَبُ، وَمِنِّي أَرْهَبُ أَنْ يُخَالِفَ أَمْرِي، أَوْ يَخْرُجَ عَنْ طَاعَتِي، فَأَمْضَاهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَسَارَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ بِالْجُيُوشِ نَحْوَ أَرْضِ رُتْبِيلَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رُتْبِيلَ مَجِيءُ ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بِالْجُنُودِ إِلَيْهِ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ رُتْبِيلَ يَعْتَذِرُ مِمَّا أَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي بِلَادِهِ فِي السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ لِذَلِكَ كَارِهًا، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَلْجَئُوهُ إِلَى قِتَالِهِمْ، وَسَأَلَ مِنَ ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ أَنْ يُصَالِحَهُ، وَأَنْ يَبْذُلَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ الْخَرَاجَ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَصَمَّمَ عَلَى دُخُولِ بِلَادِهِ، وَجَمَعَ رُتْبِيلُ جُنُودَهُ، وَتَهَيَّأَ لَهُ وَلِحَرْبِهِ، وَجَعَلَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ كَلَّمَا دَخَلَ بَلَدًا أَوْ مَدِينَةً، أَوْ أَخَذَ قَلْعَةً مِنْ بِلَادِ رُتْبِيلَ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا نَائِبًا مِنْ جِهَتِهِ، وَجَعَلَ مَعَهُ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهَا، وَجَعَلَ الْمَسَالِحَ عَلَى كُلِّ أَرْضٍ وَمَكَانٍ مَخُوفٍ، فَاسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَى بِلَادٍ وَمُدُنٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنْ بِلَادِ رُتْبِيلَ، وَغَنِمَ أَمْوَالًا كَثِيرَةً جَزِيلَةً، وَسَبَى خَلْقًا كَثِيرَةً، ثُمَّ حَبَسَ النَّاسَ عَنِ التَّوَغُّلِ فِي بِلَادِ رُتْبِيلَ حَتَّى يُصْلِحُوا مَا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ مِنَ الْبِلَادِ، وَيَتَقَوَّوْا بِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمُغَلَّاتِ وَالْحَوَاصِلِ، ثُمَّ يَتَقَدَّمُوا فِي الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ إِلَى أَعْدَائِهِمْ، فَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُجَوِّزُونَ الْأَرَاضِيَ وَالْأَقَالِيمَ حَتَّى يُحَاصِرُوهُمْ فِي مَدِينَتِهِمْ - مَدِينَةِ الْعُظَمَاءِ - عَلَى الْكُنُوزِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ وَالذَّرَّارِي حَتَّى يَغْنَمُوهَا، ثُمَّ يَقْتُلُونَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ، وَعَزَمُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ هَذَا هُوَ الرَّأْيُ. وَكَتَبَ ابْنُ الْأَشْعَثِ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ يُخْبِرُهُ بِمَا وَقَعَ مِنَ الْفَتْحِ، وَمَا صَنَعَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ، وَبِهَذَا الرَّأْيِ الَّذِي رَآهُ لَهُمْ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: كَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ قَدْ وَجَّهَ هِمْيَانَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ السَّدُوسِيَّ إِلَى كَرْمَانَ مَسْلَحَةً لِأَهْلِهَا ; لِيَمُدَّ عَامِلَ سِجِسْتَانَ وَالسِّنْدِ إِنِ احْتَاجَا إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَعَصَى هِمْيَانُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، فَوَجَّهَ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَيْهِ ابْنَ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَهَزَمَهُ وَأَقَامَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ. وَمَاتَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، فَكَتَبَ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَى ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بِإِمْرَةِ سِجِسْتَانَ مَكَانَ ابْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ ، وَجَهَّزَ إِلَى ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ جَيْشًا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ سِوَى أُعْطِيَاتِهِمْ، وَكَانَ يُدْعَى هَذَا الْجَيْشُ جَيْشَ الطَّوَاوِيسِ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْإِقْدَامِ عَلَى رُتْبِيلَ، فَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَعَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. من حج في هذه السنة ونواب الأمصار قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَ أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ: وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُمَا: بَلْ حَجَّ بِهِمْ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. وَكَانَ عَلَى الصَّائِفَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَعَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلَى الْمَشْرِقِ بِكَمَالِهِ الْحَجَّاجُ، وَعَلَى قَضَاءِ الْكُوفَةِ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ بْنُ أَبِي مُوسَى، وَعَلَى قَضَاءِ الْبَصْرَةِ مُوسَى بْنُ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ
Translation
✧ The occurrence of the sweeping flood at Makkah Then the year eighty of the Prophetic Hijrah began. In it was the sweeping flood at Makkah, because it swept away everything it passed by, and carried the pilgrims from the interior of Makkah and the camels with their loads, and men and women, none being able to rescue them from it. The water reached al-Ḥajūn and many people drowned. It is said that it rose until it almost covered the House, and Allah knows best. Ibn Jarīr reported from al-Wāqidī that he said: In al-Baṣrah in this year was the sweeping plague. Allah knows best. But the well-known view is that it was in the year sixty-nine, as has preceded. The expedition of al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufrah against the Turks at Kash and the crossing of the river of Balkh In this year al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufrah crossed the river of Balkh and stayed at Kash for two years, patiently enduring and contending with the enemy Turks. He had with them there episodes whose mention would be lengthy. During the course of this period there came to him the letter of Ibn al-Ashʿath announcing his deposition of al-Ḥajjāj, and al-Muhallab sent it in its entirety to al-Ḥajjāj so that he read it. Then there occurred what will be explained and detailed later regarding the wars of Ibn al-Ashʿath. The fighting of al-Ḥajjāj against Rutbīl, king of the Turks In this year al-Ḥajjāj equipped armies from al-Baṣrah and al-Kūfah and elsewhere to fight Rutbīl, king of the Turks, to exact retribution for the killing of the army of ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah in the previous year. He equipped forty thousand from each of the two garrisons, twenty thousand from each, and appointed over them all ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. al-Ashʿath, even though al-Ḥajjāj hated him intensely, to the point that he used to say: I have never seen him except that I was determined to kill him. One day Ibn al-Ashʿath entered upon al-Ḥajjāj while ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī was with him, and he said: Look at his gait. By Allah, I am determined to strike off his neck. Al-Shaʿbī secretly conveyed this to Ibn al-Ashʿath, whereupon Ibn al-Ashʿath said: And I, by Allah, will strive to remove him from his authority if I and he remain alive. The point is that al-Ḥajjāj began reviewing these armies, distributed pay among them, then his opinion differed as to whom to appoint over them. Finally his choice fell upon ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. al-Ashʿath, and he placed him in command over them. Then his paternal uncle Ismāʿīl b. al-Ashʿath came and said to al-Ḥajjāj: I fear that if you appoint him, he will not consider obedience to you due once he crosses the bridge over the Euphrates. He replied: He is not like that; he holds me in greater awe and fears me too much to oppose my command or depart from obedience to me. So he confirmed him over them. Ibn al-Ashʿath marched with the armies toward the land of Rutbīl. When news of Ibn al-Ashʿath's advance with the troops reached Rutbīl, Rutbīl wrote to him apologizing for what had befallen the Muslims in his lands the previous year, saying that he had been averse to it and that they had compelled him to fight them. He asked Ibn al-Ashʿath to make peace with him and to offer tribute to the Muslims. Ibn al-Ashʿath did not grant him that, and was determined to enter his lands. Rutbīl gathered his troops and prepared for him and for war with him. Whenever Ibn al-Ashʿath entered a country or city, or captured a fortress from the lands of Rutbīl, he appointed a deputy over it on his behalf and left with him those who would guard it, and placed garrisons on every land and dangerous place. Thus he gained control over many lands and cities of Rutbīl's territory, captured abundant and plentiful wealth, and took many captives. Then he restrained the people from penetrating deep into Rutbīl's lands until they could consolidate the lands in their hands and strengthen themselves with the produce and stores therein, then advance the following year against their enemies, passing through lands and regions until they besieged them in their city—the city of the great ones—where the treasures, wealth, and offspring were, so that they might seize them and then kill their fighting men. They resolved upon this, and it was the sound opinion. Ibn al-Ashʿath wrote to al-Ḥajjāj informing him of the conquest that had occurred and what Allah had done for them, and of this plan that he deemed best for them. Some say: Al-Ḥajjāj had dispatched Himyān b. ʿAdī al-Sadūsī to Kirmān as a frontier guard for its people, to reinforce the governor of Sijistān and al-Sind if they needed it. But Himyān and those with him rebelled, so al-Ḥajjāj sent Ibn al-Ashʿath against him, and he defeated him and remained with those who were with him. Then ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah died, and al-Ḥajjāj wrote to Ibn al-Ashʿath appointing him over Sijistān in place of Ibn Abī Bakrah, and equipped for Ibn al-Ashʿath an army on which he spent two million besides their stipends. This army was called the Army of Peacocks. He commanded him to advance upon Rutbīl, and what transpired between him and Rutbīl was as has preceded. Who led the pilgrimage this year and the governors of the regions Al-Wāqidī and Abū Maʿshar said: The people were led in pilgrimage this year by Abān b. ʿUthmān. Others said: Rather, Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik led them. The commander of the summer expedition this year was al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik; the governor of al-Madīnah was Abān b. ʿUthmān; of the entire East was al-Ḥajjāj; of the judiciary of al-Kūfah was Abū Burdah b. Abī Mūsā; and of the judiciary of al-Baṣrah was Mūsā b. Anas b. Mālik.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.