Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2334
Then the Year Seventy-Nine Began
طاعون الشام ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ تِسْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فَفِيهَا وَقَعَ طَاعُونٌ عَظِيمٌ بِالشَّامِ، حَتَّى كَادُوا يَفْنُونَ مَنْ شِدَّتِهُ، وَلَمْ يَغْزُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ ; لِضَعْفِهِمْ وَقِلَّتِهِمْ، وَوَصَلَتِ الرُّومُ فِيهَا أَنْطَاكِيَّةَ، فَأَصَابُوا خَلْقًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا ; لِعِلْمِهِمْ بِضَعْفِ الْجُنُودِ وَالْمُقَاتِلَةِ. غزو عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة رتبيل ملك الترك وَفِيهَا غَزَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رُتْبِيلَ مَلِكَ التُّرْكِ حَتَّى أَوْغَلَ فِي بِلَادِهِ، ثُمَّ صَالَحَهُ عَلَى مَالٍ يَحْمِلُهُ إِلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ. قتل الحارث بن سعيد المتنبئ وَفِيهَا قَتَلَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْمُتَنَبِّئَ الْكَذَّابَ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ: الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي الْجُلَاسِ الْعَبْدَرِيِّ. وَيُقَالُ: مَوْلَى الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ. كَانَ أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الْحُولَةِ، فَنَزَلَ دِمَشْقَ، وَتَعَبَّدَ بِهَا، وَتَنَسَّكَ وَتَزَهَّدَ، ثُمَّ مُكِرَ بِهِ، وَرَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى عَلَى عَقِبِهِ، وَانْسَلَخَ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَفَارَقَ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ الْمُفْلِحِينَ، وَأَتْبَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْغَاوِينَ، وَلَمْ يَزَلِ الشَّيْطَانُ يَزُخُّ فِي قَفَاهُ حَتَّى أَخْسَرَهُ دِينَهُ وَدُنْيَاهُ، وَأَخْزَاهُ وَأَشْقَاهُ، فَإِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، وَحَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، قَالَ: كَانَ الْحَارِثُ الْكَذَّابُ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ، وَكَانَ مَوْلًى لِأَبِي الْجُلَاسِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ أَبٌ بِالْحُولَةِ، فَعَرَضَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مُتَعَبِّدًا زَاهِدًا، لَوْ لَبِسَ جُبَّةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ لَرُئِيَتْ عَلَيْهِ الزَّهَادَةُ وَالْعِبَادَةُ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَخَذَ فِي التَّحْمِيدِ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ السَّامِعُونَ مِثْلَ تَحْمِيدِهِ، وَلَا أَحْسَنَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ بِالْحُولَةِ: يَا أَبَتَاهُ، أَعْجِلْ عَلَيَّ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَشْيَاءَ أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّيْطَانُ قَدْ عَرَضَ لِي. قَالَ: فَزَادَهُ أَبُوهُ غَيًّا عَلَى غَيِّهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُوهُ: يَا بُنَيَّ، أَقْبِلْ عَلَى مَا أُمِرْتَ بِهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: هَلْ أُنَبِّئُكُمْ عَلَى مَنْ تَنَزَّلُ الشَّيَاطِينُ تَنَزَّلُ عَلَى كُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ وَلَسْتَ بِأَفَّاكٍ وَلَا أَثِيمٍ، فَامْضِ لِمَا أُمِرْتَ بِهِ. فَكَانَ يَجِيءُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا فُيُذَاكِرُهُمْ أَمْرَهُ، وَيَأْخُذُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ، إِنْ هُوَ يَرَى مَا يَرْضَى قَبِلَ وَإِلَّا كَتَمَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ يُرِيهِمُ الْأَعَاجِيبَ ; كَانَ يَأْتِي إِلَى رُخَامَةٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَيَنْقُرُهَا بِيَدِهِ فَتُسَبِّحُ تَسْبِيحًا بَلِيغًا، حَتَّى يَضِجَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْحَاضِرُونَ. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ شَيْخَنَا الْعَلَّامَةَ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ ابْنِ تَيْمِيَةَ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ يَنْقُرُ هَذِهِ الرُّخَامَةَ الْحَمْرَاءَ الَّتِي فِي الْمَقْصُورَةِ فَتُسَبِّحُ، وَكَانَ زِنْدِيقًا. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَكَانَ الْحَارِثُ يُطْعِمُهُمْ فَاكِهَةَ الشِّتَاءِ فِي الصَّيْفِ، وَفَاكِهَةَ الصَّيْفِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ لَهُمْ: اخْرُجُوا حَتَّى أُرِيَكُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ. فَيَخْرُجُ بِهِمْ إِلَى دَيْرِ الْمُرَّانِ، فَيُرِيهِمْ رِجَالًا عَلَى خَيْلٍ، فَتَبِعَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِشْرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَفَشَا أَمَرُهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَكَثُرَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَأَتْبَاعُهُ، حَتَّى وَصَلَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُخَيْمِرَةَ، قَالَ: فَعَرَضَ عَلَى الْقَاسِمِ أَمْرَهُ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ ; إِنْ هُوَ رَضِيَ أَمْرًا قَبِلَهُ، وَإِنْ كَرِهَهُ كَتَمَهُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي نَبِيٌّ. فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: كَذَبْتَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ، مَا أَنْتَ نَبِيٌّ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَلَكِنَّكَ أَحَدُ الْكَذَّابِينَ الدَّجَّالِينَ الَّذِينَ أَخْبَرَ عَنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ لَا تَقُومُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ ثَلَاثُونَ، دَجَّالُونَ كَذَّابُونَ، كُلُّهُمْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، وَأَنْتَ أَحَدُهُمْ وَلَا عَهْدَ لَكَ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَامَ فَخَرَجَ إِلَى أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ - وَكَانَ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ بِدِمَشْقَ - فَأَعْلَمَهُ بِمَا سَمِعَ مِنَ الْحَارِثِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو إِدْرِيسَ: نَعْرِفُهُ. ثُمَّ أَعْلَمَ أَبُو إِدْرِيسَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بِذَلِكَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّ مَكْحُولًا، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا دَخْلَا عَلَى الْحَارِثِ فَدَعَاهُمَا إِلَى نُبُوَّتِهِ، فَكَذَّبَاهُ وَرَدَّا عَلَيْهِ مَا قَالَ، وَدَخَلَا عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فَأَعْلَمَاهُ بِأَمْرِهِ، فَتَطَلَّبَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ طَلَبًا حَثِيثًا، وَاخْتَفَى الْحَارِثُ، وَصَارَ إِلَى دَارٍ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، يَدْعُو إِلَى نَفْسِهِ سِرًّا، وَاهْتَمَّ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بِشَأْنِهِ، حَتَّى رَكِبَ إِلَى الصِّنَّبْرَةِ فَنَزَلَهَا، فَوَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ هُنَاكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، مِمَّنْ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى الْحَارِثِ وَهُوَ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَأَعْلَمَهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَأَيْنَ هُوَ، وَسَأَلَ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ مَعَهُ بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْجُنْدِ الْأَتْرَاكِ لِيَحْتَاطَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَرْسَلَ مَعَهُ طَائِفَةً وَكَتَبَ إِلَى نَائِبِ الْقُدْسِ ; لِيَكُونَ فِي طَاعَةِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ، وَيَفْعَلَ مَا يَأْمُرُهُ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ انْتَدَبَ نَائِبَ الْقُدْسِ لِخِدْمَتِهِ، فَأَمْرَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ مَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الشُّمُوعِ، وَيَجْعَلُ مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ شَمْعَةً، فَإِذَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِإِشْعَالِهَا فِي اللَّيْلِ أَشْعَلُوهَا كُلُّهُمْ فِي سَائِرِ الطُّرُقِ وَالْأَزِقَّةِ، حَتَّى لَا يَخْفَى أَمْرُهُ، وَذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَدَخَلَ الدَّارَ الَّتِي فِيهَا الْحَارِثُ، فَقَالَ لِبَوَّابِهِ: اسْتَأْذِنْ لِي عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ: فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ لَا يُؤْذَنُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ. فَصَاحَ الْبَصْرِيُّ: أَسْرِجُوا. فَأَسْرَجَ النَّاسُ شُمُوعَهُمْ حَتَّى صَارَ اللَّيْلُ كَأَنَّهُ النَّهَارُ، وَهَجَمَ الْبَصْرِيُّ عَلَى الْحَارِثِ، فَاخْتَفَى مِنْهُ فِي سِرْبٍ هُنَاكَ، فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُهُ: هَيْهَاتَ، تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَصِلُوا إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ رُفِعَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ. قَالَ: فَأَدْخَلَ الْبَصْرِيُّ يَدَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ السِّرْبِ فَإِذَا بِثَوْبِهِ، فَاجْتَرَّهُ فَأَخْرَجَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْفَرْغَانِيِّينَ مِنْ أَتْرَاكِ الْخَلِيفَةِ: تَسَلَّمُوا. قَالَ: فَأَخَذُوهُ فَرَبَطُوهُ فَقَيَّدُوهُ، فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ الْقُيُودَ وَالْجَامِعَةَ سَقَطَتْ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ مِرَارًا، وَيُعِيدُونَهَا، وَجَعَلَ يَقْرَأُ: قُلْ إِنْ ضَلَلْتُ فَإِنَّمَا أَضِلُّ عَلَى نَفْسِي وَإِنِ اهْتَدَيْتُ فَبِمَا يُوحِي إِلَيَّ رَبِّي إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ قَرِيبٌ [ سَبَأٍ: 50 ]، وَقَالَ لِأُولَئِكَ الْأَتْرَاكِ: أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ [ غَافِرٍ: 28 ] فَقَالُوا لَهُ بِلِسَانِهِمْ وَلُغَتِهِمْ: هَذَا كُرَانُنَا فَهَاتِ كُرَانَكَ. أَيْ: هَذَا قُرْآنُنَا فَهَاتِ قُرْآنَكَ. فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا بِهِ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ أَمَرَ بِصَلْبِهِ عَلَى خَشَبَةٍ، وَأَمَرَ رَجُلًا فَطَعَنَهُ بِحَرْبَةٍ ، فَانْثَنَتْ فِي ضِلْعٍ مِنْ أَضْلَاعِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: وَيْحَكَ، أَذَكَرْتَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ حِينَ طَعَنْتَهُ ؟ فَقَالَ: نَسِيتُ. فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ، سَمِّ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ اطْعَنْهُ. قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ طَعَنَهُ فَأَنْفَذَهُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ حَبَسَهُ قَبْلَ صَلْبِهِ، وَأَمَرَ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ أَنْ يَعِظُوهُ وَيُعْلِمُوهُ أَنَّ هَذَا الَّذِي بِهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْهُمْ، فَصَلَبَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَهَذَا مِنْ تَمَامِ الْعَدْلِ وَالدِّينِ. وَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جَابِرٍ، فَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ عُتْبَةَ الْأَعْوَرَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ الْعَدَوِيَّ يَقُولُ: مَا غَبَطْتُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ وِلَايَتِهِ إِلَّا بِقَتْلِهِ حَارِثًا ; حُدِّثْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ ثَلَاثُونَ دَجَّالُونَ كَذَّابُونَ كُلُّهُمْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، فَمَنْ قَالَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ. وَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: لَوْ حَضَرْتُكَ مَا أَمَرْتُكَ بِقَتْلِهِ. قَالَ: وَلِمَ ؟ قَالَ إِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ بِهِ الْمَذْهَبُ، فَلَوْ جَوَّعَتَهُ لَذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ، عَنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ: سَمِعْتُ خَالِدَ بْنَ اللَّجْلَاجِ يَقُولُ لِغَيْلَانَ: وَيْحَكَ يَا غَيْلَانُ، أَلَمْ يَأْخُذْكَ فِي شَبِيبَتِكَ تُرَامِي النِّسَاءَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالتُّفَّاحِ، ثُمَّ صِرْتَ حَارِثِيًّا يَحْجُبُ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَيَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلْتَ فَصِرْتَ قَدَرِيًّا زِنْدِيقًا. غزو عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة رتبيل ملك الترك وَفِيهَا غَزَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رُتْبِيلَ - مَلِكَ التُّرْكِ الْأَعْظَمَ فِيهِمْ - وَقَدْ كَانَ يُصَانِعُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَارَةً، وَيَتَمَرَّدُ أُخْرَى، فَكَتَبَ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَى ابْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ أَنْ نَاجِزْهُ بِمَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى تَسْتَبِيحَ أَرْضَهُ، وَتَهْدِمَ قِلَاعَهُ، وَتَقْتُلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُ. فَخَرَجَ فِي جَمْعٍ مِنَ الْجُنُودِ مِنْ بِلَادِهِ، وَخَلْقٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ وَالْكُوفَةِ، ثُمَّ الْتَقَى مَعَ رُتْبِيلَ - مَلِكِ التُّرْكِ - فَكَسَرَهُ، وَهَدَمَ أَرْكَانَهُ بِسَطْوَةٍ بِتَّارَةٍ، وَجَاسَ ابْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ وَجُنْدُهُ خِلَالَ دِيَارِهِمْ، وَاسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَقَالِيمِهِ وَمُدُنِهِ وَأَمْصَارِهِ، وَتَبَّرَ مَا هُنَالِكَ تَتْبِيرًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رُتْبِيلَ تَقَهْقَرَ مِنْهُ مُنْشَمِرًا، وَمَا زَالَ يَتْبَعُهُ حَتَّى اقْتَرَبَ مِنْ مَدِينَتِهِ الْعُظْمَى، حَتَّى كَانُوا مِنْهَا عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ فَرْسَخًا، وَخَافَتِ الْأَتْرَاكُ مِنْهُمْ خَوْفًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ التُّرْكَ أَخَذَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الطُّرُقَ وَالشِّعَابَ، وَضَيَّقُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَسَالِكَ، حَتَّى ظَنَّ كُلٌّ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّهُ لَا مَحَالَةَ هَالِكٌ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ طَلَبَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ رُتْبِيلَ عَلَى أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبْعَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَيَفْتَحُوا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ طَرِيقًا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهُ، وَيَرْجِعُونَ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ، فَانْتَدَبَ شُرَيْحَ بْنَ هَانِئٍ الْحَارِثِيَّ - وَكَانَ صَحَابِيًّا، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَكْبَرِ أَصْحَابِ عَلَيٍّ، وَهُوَ الْمُقَدَّمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ - فَنَدَبَ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ وَالْمُصَابَرَةِ، وَالنِّزَالِ وَالْجِلَادِ بِالسُّيُوفِ وَالرِّمَاحِ وَالنِّبَالِ، فَنَهَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ فَلَمْ يَنْتَهِ، وَأَجَابَهُ شِرْذِمَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ مِنَ الشُّجْعَانِ وَأَهْلِ الْحَفَائِظِ، فَمَا زَالَ يُقَاتِلُ بِهِمِ التَّرْكَ حَتَّى فَنِيَ أَكْثَرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ. قَالُوا: وَجَعَلَ شُرَيْحُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ يَرْتَجِزُ، وَيَقُولُ: أَصْبَحْتُ ذَا بَثٍّ أُقَاسِيَ الْكِبَرَا قَدْ عِشْتُ بَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَعْصُرَا ثُمَّتَ أَدْرَكْتُ النَّبِيَّ الْمُنْذِرَا وَبَعْدَهُ صِدِّيقَهُ وَعُمَرَا وَيَوْمَ مِهْرَانَ وَيَوْمَ تُسْتَرَا وَالْجَمْعَ فِي صِفِّينِهِمْ وَالنَّهَرَا هَيْهَاتَ مَا أَطْوَلَ هَذَا عُمُرَا ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ ؓ، وَقُتِلَ مَعَهُ خَلْقٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ النَّاسِ صُحْبَةَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ مِنْ أَرْضِ رُتْبِيلَ، وَهُمْ قَلِيلٌ، وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْحَجَّاجَ فَأَخْذَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ يُعْلِمُهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَيَسْتَشِيرُهُ فِي بَعْثِ جَيْشٍ كَثِيفٍ إِلَى بِلَادِ رُتْبِيلَ ; لِيَنْتَقِمُوا مِنْهُ بِسَبَبِ مَا حَلَّ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي بِلَادِهِ، فَحِينَ وَصَلَ الْبَرِيدُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ كَتَبَ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ بِالْمُوَافَقَةِ عَلَى مَا رَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَنْ يُعَجِّلَ ذَلِكَ سَرِيعًا، فَحِينَ وَصَلَ الْبَرِيدُ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ بِذَلِكَ أَخَذَ فِي جَمْعِ الْجُيُوشِ، فَجَهَّزَ جَيْشًا كَثِيفًا لِذَلِكَ، عَلَى مَا سَيَأْتِي تَفْصِيلُهُ فِي السَّنَةِ الْآتِيَةِ بَعْدَهَا. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَعَ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفًا، وَابْتِيعَ الرَّغِيفُ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِدِينَارٍ، وَقَاسَوْا شَدَائِدَ، وَمَاتَ بِسَبَبِ الْجُوعِ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ أَيْضًا، فَإِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، وَقَدْ قَتَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنَ التُّرْكِ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا أَيْضًا، قَتَلُوا أَضْعَافَهَمْ. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ اسْتَعْفَى شُرَيْحٌ مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ فَأَعْفَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَوَلَّى مَكَانَهُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْ تَرْجَمَةُ شُرَيْحٍ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِهِ فِي السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. من حج بالناس في هذه السنة قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَأَبُو مَعْشَرٍ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ السِّيَرِ: وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ.
Translation
✧ The Plague of Syria Then the year seventy-nine began. In it a great plague occurred in Syria, such that they nearly perished from its severity, and no one from the people of Syria went on campaign that year because of their weakness and small numbers. The Byzantines reached Antioch and struck a multitude of its inhabitants, because they knew of the weakness of the troops and fighting men. The campaign of ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah against Ratbīl, king of the Turks In it, ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah campaigned against Ratbīl, king of the Turks, until he penetrated deep into his lands. Then he made peace with him on condition that he pay him money every year. The killing of al-Ḥārith b. Saʿīd, the false prophet In it, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān killed al-Ḥārith b. Saʿīd, the lying false prophet. He is also called al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Saʿīd al-Dimashqī, client of Abū al-Julās al-ʿAbdarī, and it is said client of al-Ḥakam b. Marwān. His origin was from al-Ḥūlah, and he settled in Damascus, where he devoted himself to worship, asceticism, and renunciation. Then he was deceived, turned back on his heels, stripped himself of the signs of God Most High, departed from the party of God who attain success, and Satan pursued him so that he became one of the erring. Satan continued to push him from behind until he made him lose his religion and his worldly life, disgraced him and made him wretched. Truly, to God we belong and to Him we return, and God is sufficient for us, and there is no power and no strength except in God. Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah said, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥassān, who said: Al-Ḥārith the liar was from the people of Damascus, and he was a client of Abū al-Julās. He had a father in al-Ḥūlah. Iblīs appeared to him, and he was a devout, ascetic man. Had he worn a robe of gold, asceticism and devotion would still have been seen upon him. When he began to praise God, the listeners never heard praise like his, nor speech finer than his. He wrote to his father, who was in al-Ḥūlah: "O my father, hasten to me, for I have seen things and I fear that Satan has appeared to me." He said: His father increased him in error upon error, and his father wrote back to him: "O my son, pursue what you have been commanded, for God Most High says: 'Shall I inform you upon whom the devils descend? They descend upon every lying sinner' [Q 26:221–222]. You are neither a liar nor a sinner, so proceed with what you have been commanded." He used to come to the people of the mosque one by one, discussing his matter with them and taking from them a covenant and solemn pledge that if he saw what pleased him, he would accept, and if not, he would conceal it. He said: He used to show them wonders. He would come to a marble slab in the mosque and tap it with his hand, and it would glorify God with a profound glorification until those present were moved to clamor. I say: I heard our shaykh, the learned Abū al-ʿAbbās Ibn Taymiyyah, may God have mercy on him, say: He used to tap this red marble that is in the maqṣūrah, and it would glorify, and he was a heretic. Ibn Abī Khaythamah said in another narration: Al-Ḥārith used to feed them winter fruits in summer and summer fruits in winter. He used to say to them: "Go out so that I may show you the angels." So he would go out with them to Dayr al-Murrān and show them men on horses. Many people followed him in that, and his affair spread in the mosque, and his companions and followers multiplied until the matter reached al-Qāsim b. Mukhaymirah. He said: Al-Ḥārith presented his affair to al-Qāsim and took from him a covenant and solemn pledge that if he approved of a matter he would accept it, and if he disliked it he would conceal it. He said: Al-Ḥārith said to him: "I am a prophet." Al-Qāsim said: "You lie, O enemy of God; you are not a prophet." In another narration: "Rather, you are one of the lying impostors about whom the Messenger of God ﷺ reported: 'The Hour will not come until thirty impostors, liars, come forth, each of them claiming that he is a prophet, and you are one of them.' You have no covenant." He said: Then he rose and went out to Abū Idrīs—who was in charge of the judiciary in Damascus—and informed him of what he had heard from al-Ḥārith. Abū Idrīs said: "We know him." Then Abū Idrīs informed ʿAbd al-Malik of that. In another narration, Makḥūl and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Zakariyyā entered upon al-Ḥārith, and he called them to his prophethood. They declared him a liar and rejected what he said, and they entered upon ʿAbd al-Malik and informed him of his affair. ʿAbd al-Malik sought him vigorously, and al-Ḥārith went into hiding and moved to a house in Jerusalem, calling people to himself secretly. ʿAbd al-Malik was concerned about his affair until he rode to al-Ṣinnabrah and encamped there. A Muslim man from the people of Basra, one of those who used to visit al-Ḥārith while he was in Jerusalem, came to him there and informed him of his affair and where he was. He asked ʿAbd al-Malik to send with him a detachment of Turkish soldiers to seize him. So ʿAbd al-Malik sent a detachment with him and wrote to the governor of Jerusalem to be under the command of this man and to do whatever he ordered him. When the man reached Jerusalem with those with him, he summoned the governor of Jerusalem to serve him and ordered him to gather as many candles as he could and to give each man a candle. When he ordered them to light them at night, they all lit them throughout the roads and alleys so that his affair would not be hidden. The man went himself and entered the house where al-Ḥārith was. He said to his doorkeeper: "Ask permission for me to enter upon the Prophet of God." The doorkeeper said: "At this hour no one is granted permission to enter upon him until morning." The Basran shouted: "Light up!" So the people lit their candles until the night became like day, and the Basran burst in upon al-Ḥārith, who hid from him in a tunnel there. His companions said: "Far be it! You want to reach the Prophet of God? He has been raised up to heaven." He said: The Basran put his hand into that tunnel and found his garment. He pulled him and brought him out. Then he said to the Farghānī Turks of the caliph: "Take charge of him." He said: They took him, bound him, and put him in shackles. It is said that the shackles and the neck iron fell from his neck repeatedly and they put them back. He began to recite: "Say: If I go astray, I go astray only against myself; and if I am guided, it is by what my Lord reveals to me. Indeed, He is Hearing and Near" [Q 34:50]. And he said to those Turks: "Would you kill a man because he says, 'My Lord is God'?" [Q 40:28]. They said to him in their tongue and language: "This is our Qurʾān, so bring your Qurʾān." That is, "This is our Qurʾān, so bring your Qurʾān." When they brought him to ʿAbd al-Malik, he ordered that he be crucified on a wooden stake, and he ordered a man to pierce him with a spear. The spear bent against one of his ribs. ʿAbd al-Malik said to him: "Woe to you! Did you mention the name of God when you pierced him?" He said: "I forgot." He said: "Woe to you! Say the name of God, then pierce him." He said: So he mentioned the name of God and then pierced him, and it went through him. ʿAbd al-Malik had imprisoned him before his crucifixion and ordered men of knowledge and jurisprudence to admonish him and inform him that what was in him was from Satan, but he refused to accept from them, so he crucified him after that. This is part of complete justice and religion. Al-Walīd b. Muslim said, on the authority of Ibn Jābir: Someone who heard ʿUtbah al-Aʿwar told me, saying: I heard al-ʿAlāʾ b. Ziyād al-ʿAdawī say: I never envied ʿAbd al-Malik for anything of his authority except for his killing of al-Ḥārith. I was told that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "The Hour will not come until thirty impostors, liars, come forth, each of them claiming that he is a prophet. Whoever says that, kill him, and whoever kills one of them will have Paradise." Al-Walīd b. Muslim said: It reached me that Khālid b. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah said to ʿAbd al-Malik: "Had I been present, I would not have commanded you to kill him." ʿAbd al-Malik said: "Why?" He said: "He only had a delusion. Had you starved him, that would have left him." Al-Walīd said, on the authority of al-Mundhir b. Nāfiʿ: I heard Khālid b. al-Lajlāj say to Ghaylān: "Woe to you, O Ghaylān! In your youth, did you not throw apples at women during the month of Ramadan, and then you became a Ḥārithī, veiling your wife and claiming that she is the Mother of the Believers, and then you turned and became a Qadarī heretic?" The campaign of ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah against Ratbīl, king of the Turks In it, ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah campaigned against Ratbīl—the greatest king of the Turks among them. He had been conciliatory toward the Muslims at times and rebellious at others. Al-Ḥajjāj wrote to ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah: "Attack him with the Muslims who are with you until you make his land permissible, demolish his fortresses, and kill his fighting men." So he set out with a gathering of troops from his lands and a multitude from the people of Basra and Kufa. Then he met Ratbīl, king of the Turks, and defeated him and demolished his strongholds with a cutting onslaught. Ibn Abī Bakrah and his troops roamed through their lands, seized many of their regions, cities, and garrisons, and utterly destroyed what was there. Then Ratbīl retreated before him in haste, and ʿUbayd Allāh continued to pursue him until he approached his greatest city, until they were eighteen farsakhs from it. The Turks feared them greatly. Then the Turks seized the roads and mountain passes against them and blocked the routes until every one of the Muslims thought that he would inevitably perish. At that point, ʿUbayd Allāh sought to make peace with Ratbīl on condition that he pay him seven hundred thousand and open a road for the Muslims by which they could leave and return to their lands. Shurayḥ b. Hāniʾ al-Ḥārithī—who was a Companion and one of the greatest companions of ʿAlī, and was the leader of the people of Kufa—volunteered and urged the people to fight, endure, engage in combat, and strive with swords, spears, and arrows. ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah forbade him, but he did not desist. A small band of brave men and men of zeal answered him, and he kept fighting the Turks with them until most of the Muslims perished. Truly, to God we belong and to Him we return. They said: Shurayḥ b. Hāniʾ began to chant in rajaz meter, saying: I have become one of sorrow, enduring old age; I lived among the polytheists for ages, Then I reached the Prophet, the warner, And after him his truthful friend and ʿUmar, And the day of Mihrān and the day of Tustar, And the gathering at their Ṣiffīn and the canal. How far! How long this life has been! Then he fought until he was killed ؓ, and a multitude of his companions were killed with him. Then those who could leave went out with ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Bakrah from the land of Ratbīl, and they were few. That reached al-Ḥajjāj, and he was seized by what had passed and what was to come. He wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik informing him of that and consulting him about sending a large army to the lands of Ratbīl to take vengeance on him because of what had befallen the Muslims in his lands. When the messenger reached ʿAbd al-Malik, he wrote to al-Ḥajjāj agreeing to what he saw fit in that matter and to hasten it quickly. When the messenger reached al-Ḥajjāj with that, he began to gather the armies and equipped a large army for that, as will be detailed in the following year. It is said that thirty thousand Muslims were killed with Shurayḥ b. Hāniʾ, and a loaf of bread was sold among the Muslims for a dinar, and they endured severe hardships. Many of them also died from hunger. Truly, to God we belong and to Him we return. The Muslims also killed many of the Turks, killing several times their own number. It is said that in this year Shurayḥ asked to be relieved of the judiciary, and al-Ḥajjāj relieved him of it and appointed in his place Abū Burdah b. Abī Mūsā al-Ashʿarī. The biography of Shurayḥ was mentioned earlier at his death in the previous year. And God knows best. Who led the people in the pilgrimage in this year Al-Wāqidī, Abū Maʿshar, and more than one of the historians said: Abān b. ʿUthmān, governor of the Prophet's city, led the people in the pilgrimage in this year.
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