Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2329

Then the Year Seventy-Seven Began

محاربة شبيب عتاب بن ورقاء ة وزهرة بن حيوية وقتلهما ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سَبْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فِيهَا أَخْرَجَ الْحَجَّاجُ مُقَاتِلَةَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَكَانُوا أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، وَانْضَافَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ، فَصَارُوا خَمْسِينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَتَّابَ بْنَ وَرْقَاءَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْصِدَ لِشَبِيبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ أَيْنَ كَانَ، وَأَنْ يُصَمِّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَعَلَى مَنْ مَعَهُ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ تَجَمَّعُوا أَلْفَ رَجُلٍ، وَأَنْ لَا يَفْعَلُوا كَمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ قَبْلَهَا مِنَ الْفِرَارِ وَالْهَزِيمَةِ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ شَبِيبًا مَا بَعَثَ بِهِ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْجُنُودِ، لَمْ يَعْبَأْ بِهِمْ شَيْئًا، بَلْ قَامَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ خَطِيبًا، فَوَعَظَهُمْ وَذَكَّرَهُمْ، وَحَثَّهُمْ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ عِنْدَ اللِّقَاءِ، وَمُنَاجَزَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ شَبِيبٌ بِأَصْحَابِهِ نَحْوَ عَتَّابِ بْنِ وَرْقَاءَ، فَالْتَقَيَا فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَأَمَرَ شَبِيبٌ مُؤَذِّنَهُ سَلَّامَ بْنَ سَيَّارٍ الشَّيْبَانِيَّ فَأَذَّنَ الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى شَبِيبٌ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْمَغْرِبَ، وَصَفَّ عَتَّابٌ أَصْحَابَهُ - وَكَانَ قَدْ خَنْدَقَ حَوْلَ جَيْشِهِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ - فَلَمَّا صَلَّى شَبِيبٌ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْمَغْرِبَ انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ الْقَمَرُ وَأَضَاءَ، تَأَمَّلَ الْمَيْمَنَةَ وَالْمَيْسَرَةَ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ رَايَاتِ عَتَّابٍ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا شَبِيبٌ أَبُو الْمُدَلَّهِ، لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ. فَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَقُتِلَ أَمِيرُهُمْ قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ وَالِقٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ كَرَّ عَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَعَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ، فَفَرَّقَ شَمْلَ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا، ثُمَّ قَصَدَ الْقَلْبَ، فَمَا زَالَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ الْأَمِيرُ عَتَّابُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ، وَزَهْرَةُ بْنُ حَوِيَّةَ، وَوَلَّى عَامَّةُ الْجَيْشِ مُدْبِرِينَ، وَدَاسُوا الْأَمِيرَ عَتَّابًا، وَزَهْرَةُ، فَوَطِئَتْهُ الْخَيْلُ، وَقُتِلَ فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْكَلْبِيُّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ شَبِيبٌ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: لَا تَتَبَّعُوا مُنْهَزِمًا. وَانْهَزَمَ جَيْشُ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ بَكْرَةِ أَبِيهِمْ رَاجِعِينَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ. قدوم شبيب الكوفة أيضًا وانهزامه عنها وَكَانَ شَبِيبٌ لَمَّا احْتَوَى عَلَى الْمُعَسْكَرِ أَخَذَ مِمَّنْ بَقِيَ مِنْهُمُ الْبَيْعَةَ لَهُ بِالْإِمَارَةِ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِلَى سَاعَةٍ تَهْرُبُونَ ؟ ثُمَّ احْتَوَى عَلَى مَا فِي الْمُعَسْكَرِ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْحَوَاصِلِ، وَاسْتَدْعَى بِأَخِيهِ مُصَادٍ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ، ثُمَّ قَصَدَ نَحْوَ الْكُوفَةِ، وَقَدْ وَفَدَ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ الْأَبْرَدِ الْكَلْبِيُّ، وَحَبِيبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحَكَمِيُّ مِنْ مَذْحِجٍ فِي سِتَّةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، وَمَعَهُمَا خَلْقٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، فَاسْتَغْنَى الْحَجَّاجُ بِهِمْ عَنْ نُصْرَةِ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَقَامَ فِي النَّاسِ خَطِيبًا، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، يَا أَهْلَ الْكُوفَةِ لَا أَعَزَّ اللَّهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمُ الْعِزَّ، وَلَا نَصَرَ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمُ النَّصْرَ، اخْرُجُوا عَنَّا فَلَا تَشْهَدُوا مَعَنَا قِتَالَ عَدُّوِّنَا، الْحَقُوا بِالْحِيرَةِ فَانْزِلُوا مَعَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، فَلَا يُقَاتِلَنَّ مَعَنَا إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ لَنَا عَامِلًا، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ قِتَالَ عَتَّابِ بْنِ وَرَقَاءَ. وَعَزَمَ الْحَجَّاجُ عَلَى قِتَالِ شَبِيبٍ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَسَارَ شَبِيبٌ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّرَاةَ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَجَّاجُ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الشَّامِيِّينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا تَوَاجَهَ الْفَرِيقَانِ نَظَرَ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَى شَبِيبٍ وَهُوَ فِي سِتِّمِائَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَخَطَبَ الْحَجَّاجُ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ وَقَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ الشَّامِ، أَنْتُمْ أَهْلُ السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، وَالصَّبْرِ وَالْيَقِينِ، لَا يَغْلِبَنَّ بَاطِلُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْجَاسِ حَقَّكُمْ، غُضُّوا الْأَبْصَارَ، وَاجْثُوا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ، وَاسْتَقْبِلُوا بِأَطْرَافِ الْأَسِنَّةِ. فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ. وَأَقْبَلَ شَبِيبٌ وَقَدْ عَبَّأَ أَصْحَابَهُ ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ ; وَاحِدَةٌ مَعَهُ، وَأُخْرَى مَعَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، وَأُخْرَى مَعَ الْمُجَلَّلِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَأَمَرَ شَبِيبٌ سُوَيْدًا أَنْ يَحْمِلَ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَى جَيْشِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَصَبَرُوا لَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَا مِنْهُمْ وَثَبُوا إِلَيْهِ وَثْبَةً وَاحِدَةً، فَانْهَزَمَ عَنْهُمْ، فَنَادَى الْحَجَّاجُ: يَا أَهْلَ السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، هَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا. ثُمَّ أَمَرَ الْحَجَّاجُ فَقُدِّمَ كُرْسِيُّهُ الَّذِي هُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَيْهِ إِلَى الْأَمَامِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ شَبِيبٌ الْمُجَلَّلَ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ، فَحَمَلَ، فَفَعَلُوا بِهِ كَمَا فَعَلُوا بِسُوِيدٍ، وَقَالَ لَهُمِ الْحَجَّاجُ كَمَا قَالَ لِأُولَئِكَ، وَقَدَّمَ كُرْسِيَّهُ إِلَى أَمَامٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ شَبِيبًا حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي كَتِيبَتِهِ فَثَبَتُوا لَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا غَشَّى أَطْرَافَ الْأَسِنَّةِ وَثَبُوا فِي وَجْهِهِ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ طَاعَنُوهُ قُدُمًا حَتَّى أَلْحَقُوهُ بِأَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى صَبْرَهُمْ نَادَى: يَا سُوَيْدُ، احْمِلْ فِي خَيْلِكَ عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذِهِ السِّكَّةِ ; لَعَلَّكَ تُزِيلُ أَهْلَهَا عَنْهَا، فَأْتِ الْحَجَّاجَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، وَنَحْمِلُ نَحْنُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمَامِهِ. فَحَمَلَ فَلَمْ يُفِدْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ كَانَ قَدْ جَعَلَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ رِدْءًا لَهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ ; لِئَلَّا يُؤْتُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ، وَكَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ بَصِيرًا بِالْحَرْبِ أَيْضًا، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ حَرَّضَ شَبِيبٌ أَصْحَابَهُ عَلَى الْحَمْلَةِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِهَا، فَفَهِمَ ذَلِكَ الْحَجَّاجُ، فَنَادَى: يَا أَهْلَ السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، اصْبِرُوا لِهَذِهِ الشِّدَّةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ، ثُمَّ وَرَبِّ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ مَا شَيْءٌ دُونَ الْفَتْحِ. فَجَثَوْا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَبِيبٌ بِجَمِيعِ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمْ نَادَى الْحَجَّاجُ بِجَمَاعَةِ النَّاسِ، فَوَثَبُوا فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَمَا زَالُوا يَطْعَنُونَ وَيُطْعَنُونَ، وَهُمْ مُسْتَظْهِرُونَ عَلَى شَبِيبٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى رَدُّوهُمْ عَنْ مَوَاقِفِهِمْ إِلَى مَا وَرَاءَهَا، فَنَادَى شَبِيبٌ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ: يَا أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ، الْأَرْضَ الْأَرْضَ. ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَنَزَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَنَادَى الْحَجَّاجُ: يَا أَهْلَ الشَّامِ، يَا أَهْلَ السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، هَذَا أَوَّلُ النَّصْرِ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ. وَصَعِدَ مَسْجِدًا هُنَالِكَ لِشَبِيبٍ، وَمَعَهُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا مَعَهُمُ النَّبْلُ، وَاقْتَتَلَ النَّاسُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا عَامَّةَ النَّهَارِ، مِنْ أَشَدِّ قِتَالٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ، حَتَّى أَقَرَّ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ لِصَاحِبِهِ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ ز مقتل امرأة شبيب وأخوه ثُمَّ إِنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ عَتَّابٍ اسْتَأْذَنَ الْحَجَّاجَ فِي أَنْ يَرْكَبَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَيَأْتِيَ الْخَوَارِجَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَانْطَلَقَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مَعَهُ نَحْوٍ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، فَدَخْلَ عَسْكَرَ الْخَوَارِجِ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، فَقَتَلَ مُصَادًا أَخَا شَبِيبٍ، وَغَزَالَةَ امْرَأَةَ شَبِيبٍ ; قَتَلَهَا رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: فَرْوَةُ بْنُ دَفَّانَ الْكَلْبِيُّ. وَخَرَقَ فِي جَيْشِ شَبِيبٍ، فَفَرِحَ بِذَلِكَ الْحَجَّاجُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَكَبَّرُوا، وَانْصَرَفَ شَبِيبٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى فَرَسٍ، فَأَمَرَ الْحَجَّاجُ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَنْطَلِقُوا فِي تَطَلُّبِهِمْ، فَشَدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ، وَتَخْلَّفَ شَبِيبٌ فِي حَامِيَةِ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ وَاتَّبَعَهُ الطَّلَبُ، فَجَعَلَ يَنْعَسُ وَهُوَ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ حَتَّى يَخْفِقَ بِرَأْسِهِ، وَدَنَا مِنْهُ الطَّلَبُ، فَجَعَلَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ يَنْهَاهُ عَنِ النُّعَاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ، فَجَعَلَ لَا يَكْتَرِثُ بِهِمْ، وَيَعُودُ فَتَخْفِقُ رَأْسُهُ، فَلَمَّا طَالَ ذَلِكَ بَعَثَ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ يَقُولُ: دَعُوهُ فِي حَرَقِ النَّارِ. فَتَرَكُوهُ وَرَجَعُوا. سرية الحارث بن معاوية الثقفي ومقتله ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْحَجَّاجُ الْكُوفَةَ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: إِنَّ شَبِيبًا لَمْ يُهْزَمْ قَبْلَهَا. ثُمَّ قَصَدَ شَبِيبٌ الْكُوفَةَ، فَخَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِ سَرِيَّةٌ مِنْ جَيْشِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَالْتَقَوْا مَعَهُ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ، فَهُزِمَ الْخَوَارِجُ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، وَسَارَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ هَارِبِينَ. وَكَانَ عَلَى سَرِيَّةِ الْحَجَّاجِ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ فِي أَلْفِ فَارِسٍ مَعَهُ، فَحَمَلَ شَبِيبٌ عَلَى الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَكَسَرَهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ، وَدَخَلَ النَّاسُ الْكُوفَةَ هَارِبِينَ، وَحَصَّنَ النَّاسُ السِّكَكَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو الْوَرْدِ مَوْلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ، فَقَاتِلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، ثُمَّ هَرَبَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَدَخَلُوا الْكُوفَةَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَمِيرٌ آخَرُ فَانْكَسَرَ أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ سَارَ شَبِيبٌ بِأَصْحَابِهِ نَحْوَ السَّوَادِ، فَمَرُّوا بِعَامِلِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ فَقَتَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَقَالَ: اشْتَغَلْتُمْ بِالدُّنْيَا عَنِ الْآخِرَةِ. ثُمَّ رَمَى بِالْمَالِ فِي الْفُرَاتِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى افْتَتَحَ بِلَادًا كَثِيرَةً، وَلَا يَبْرُزُ لَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا قَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ الْأُمَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْمُدُنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا شَبِيبُ ابْرُزْ إِلَيَّ وَأَبْرُزُ إِلَيْكَ - وَكَانَ صَدِيقَهُ - فَقَالَ لَهُ شَبِيبٌ: إِنِّي لَا أَحِبُّ قَتْلَكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: لَكِنِّي أُحِبُّ قَتْلَكَ، فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكَ نَفْسُكَ وَمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الْوَقَائِعِ. ثُمَّ حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَضَرَبَهُ شَبِيبٌ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَهَمَسَ رَأْسَهُ حَتَّى اخْتَلَطَ دِمَاغُهُ بِلَحْمِهِ وَعَظْمِهِ، ثُمَّ كَفَّنَهُ وَدَفَنَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ أَنْفَقَ أَمْوَالًا كَثِيرَةً عَلَى الْجُيُوشِ وَالْعَسَاكِرِ فِي طَلَبِ شَبِيبٍ فَلَمْ يُطِيقُوهُ وَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَوْتًا قَدَرًا مِنْ غَيْرِ صُنْعِهِمْ، وَلَا صُنْعِهِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. مقتل شبيب بن يزيد الخارجي ذِكْرُ مَقْتَلِ شَبِيبٍ  فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ عِنْدَ ابْنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ كَتَبَ إِلَى نَائِبِهِ عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ ; الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي عَقِيلٍ، وَهُوَ زَوْجُ ابْنَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ، يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُجَهِّزَ جَيْشًا أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ يَتَطَلَّبُونَ شَبِيبًا، وَيَكُونُونَ تَبَعًا لِسُفْيَانَ بْنِ الْأَبْرَدِ، فَفِعْلَ فَالْتَقَوْا فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَصَبَرَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ لِصَاحِبِهِ، ثُمَّ عَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ الْحَجَّاجِ فَحَمَلُوا عَلَى الْخَوَارِجِ، فَفَرُّوا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ ذَاهِبِينَ حَتَّى اضْطَرُّوهُمْ إِلَى جِسْرٍ هُنَاكَ، فَوَقَفَ عِنْدَهُ شَبِيبٌ فِي مِائَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَعَجَزَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ الْأَبْرَدِ عَنْ مُقَاوَمَتِهِ، وَرَدِّهِ عَنْ مَوْقِفِهِ هَذَا بَعْدَمَا تَقَاتَلُوا نَهَارًا كَامِلًا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ يَكُونُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ الْأَبْرَدِ الرُّمَاةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَرَشَقُوهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ رَشْقًا وَاحِدًا، فَفَرَّتِ الْخَوَارِجُ، ثُمَّ كَرَّتْ عَلَى الرُّمَاةِ، فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ الْأَبْرَدِ، وَجَاءَ اللَّيْلُ بِظَلَامِهِ، فَكَفَّ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ، وَبَاتَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مُصِرًّا عَلَى مُنَاهَضَةِ الْآخَرِ، فَلَمَّا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ عَبَرَ شَبِيبٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى الْجِسْرِ، فَبَيْنَمَا شَبِيبٌ عَلَى مَتْنِ الْجِسْرِ، وَهُوَ عَلَى حِصَانٍ لَهُ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَرَسٌ أُنْثَى، فَنَزَا فَرَسُهُ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْجِسْرِ، وَنَزَلَ حَافِرُ فَرَسِ شَبِيبٍ عَلَى حَرْفِ السَّفِينَةِ فَسَقَطَ فِي الْمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولًا. ثُمَّ انْغَمَرَ فِي الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ فَغَرِقَ. وَلَمَّا تَحَقَّقَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ سُقُوطَهُ فِي الْمَاءِ كَرُّوا، وَانْصَرَفُوا ذَاهِبِينَ مُفَرَّقِينَ فِي الْبِلَادِ، وَجَاءَ أَمِيرُ جَيْشِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَاسْتَخْرَجَ شَبِيبًا مِنَ الْمَاءِ، وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعُهُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَشُقَّ صَدْرُهُ، فَاسْتُخْرِجَ قَلْبُهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مُجْتَمِعٌ صُلْبٌ كَأَنَّهُ صَخْرَةٌ، وَكَانُوا يَضْرِبُونَ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ فَيَثِبُ قَامَةَ الْإِنْسَانِ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَهُ رِجَالٌ قَدْ أَبْغَضُوهُ لِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْ عَشَائِرِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا تَخَلَّفَ فِي السَّاقَةِ اشْتَوَرُوا وَقَالُوا: نَقْطَعُ الْجِسْرَ بِهِ. فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، فَمَالَتِ السُّفُنُ بِالْجِسْرِ، وَنَفَرَ فَرَسُهُ، فَسَقَطَ فِي الْمَاءِ فَغَرِقَ، فَنَادَوْا: غَرِقَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَعَرَفَ جَيْشُ الْحَجَّاجِ ذَلِكَ فَجَاءُوا فَاسْتَخْرَجُوهُ. نعي شبيب إلى أمه وَلَمَّا نُعِيَ شَبِيبٌ إِلَى أُمِّهِ، قَالَتْ: صَدَّقْتُمْ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَأَنَا حَامِلٌ بِهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنِّي شِهَابٌ مِنْ نَارٍ، فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُطْفِئُهُ إِلَّا الْمَاءُ. وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ جَارِيَةٌ اسْمُهَا جَهِيزَةُ، وَكَانَتْ جَمِيلَةً، وَكَانَتْ مِنْ أَشْجَعِ النِّسَاءِ، تُقَاتِلُ مَعَ ابْنِهَا فِي الْحُرُوبِ. وَذَكَرَ الْقَاضِي ابْنُ خَلِّكَانَ أَنَّهَا قُتِلَتْ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قُتِلَتْ زَوْجَتُهُ غَزَالَةُ. وَكَانَتْ شَدِيدَةَ الْبَأْسِ خَارِجِيَّةً، وَكَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ مَعَ هَيْبَتِهِ يَخَافُ مِنْهَا أَشَدَّ خَوْفٍ، حَتَّى قَالَ فِيهِ بَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ: أَسَدٌ عَلَيَّ وَفِي الْحُرُوبِ نَعَامَةٌ فَتْخَاءُ تَنْفِرُ مِنْ صَفِيرِ الصَّافِرِ هَلَّا بَرَزْتَ إِلَى غَزَالَةَ فِي الْوَغَى     بَلْ كَانَ قَلْبُكَ فِي جَنَاحَيْ طَائِرِ سيرة شبيب وصفته قَالَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ شَبِيبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الصَّلْتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَرَاحِيلَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ ذُهْلِ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ - يَدَّعِي الْخِلَافَةَ، وَيَتَسَمَّى بِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَهَرَهُ بِمَا قَهَرَهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ لَنَالَ الْخِلَافَةَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَلَمَا قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ، وَإِنَّمَا قَهَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الْحَجَّاجِ، لَمَّا أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بِعَسَاكِرَ لِقِتَالِهِ، فَهَرَبَ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، وَلَمَّا أَلْقَاهُ جَوَادُهُ عَلَى الْجِسْرِ فِي نَهْرِ دُجَيْلٍ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: أَغَرَقًا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ قَالَ: ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ، وَحُمِلَ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ، فَأَمَرَ فَنُزِعَ قَلْبُهُ مِنْ صَدْرِهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مِثْلُ الْحَجَرِ. وَكَانَ شَبِيبٌ رَجُلًا طَوِيلًا أَشْمَطَ جَعْدَا، وَكَانَ مَوْلِدُهُ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدِ النَّحْرِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَقَدْ أُمْسِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَحُمِلَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَلَسْتَ الْقَائِلَ: فَإِنْ يَكُ مِنْكُمْ كَانَ مَرْوَانُ وَابْنُهُ     وَعَمْرٌو وَمِنْكُمْ هَاشِمٌ، وَ حَبِيبُ فَمِنَّا حُصَيْنٌ، وَ الْبَطِينُ وَقَعْنَبٌ     وَمِنَّا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ شَبِيبُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا قُلْتُ: وَمِنَّا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ شَبِيبُ. فَأَعْجَبَهُ اعْتِذَارُهُ وَأَطْلَقَهُ.

Translation

✧ The fighting of Shabīb against ʿAttāb b. Warqāʾ and Zuhrah b. Ḥawiyyah and his killing of them Then the year seventy-seven began. In it al-Ḥajjāj sent out the fighting men of the people of al-Kūfah, who were forty thousand, and ten thousand were added to them, so they became fifty thousand. He put ʿAttāb b. Warqāʾ in command of them, and ordered him to aim for Shabīb b. Yazīd wherever he was, and to be resolute against him and those with him—they had gathered a thousand men—and not to do as they had done before of fleeing and defeat. When news of what al-Ḥajjāj had sent against him of troops reached Shabīb, he paid no heed to them at all, but rather stood among his companions as a preacher, admonishing them, reminding them, and urging them to be patient at the meeting and to engage the enemies promptly. Then Shabīb marched with his companions toward ʿAttāb b. Warqāʾ. The two met at the end of the day, near sunset. Shabīb ordered his muezzin, Sallām b. Sayyār al-Shaybānī, to call the maghrib, then Shabīb prayed maghrib with his companions. ʿAttāb drew up his companions in ranks—he had dug a trench around his army from the beginning of the day. When Shabīb had prayed maghrib with his companions, he waited until the moon rose and shone. He surveyed the right wing and the left wing, then charged at the bearers of ʿAttāb's banners, saying: "I am Shabīb, Abū al-Mudallah, no judgment but God's." He routed them, and their commander Qabīṣah b. Wāliq was killed, along with a group of commanders with him. Then he wheeled against the right wing and the left wing, dispersing the masses of each, then he made for the center. He did not cease until the commander ʿAttāb b. Warqāʾ was killed, and Zuhrah b. Ḥawiyyah, and the bulk of the army turned in flight, trampling the commander ʿAttāb and Zuhrah, the horses treading upon him. ʿAmmār b. Yazīd al-Kalbī was killed in the battle. Then Shabīb said to his companions: "Do not pursue a fugitive." Al-Ḥajjāj's army fled wholesale, returning to al-Kūfah. Shabīb's coming to al-Kūfah again and his being driven from it When Shabīb took possession of the camp, he took the oath of allegiance from those who remained there for rule, and said to them: "Until what hour will you flee?" Then he seized what was in the camp of wealth and stores. He summoned his brother Muṣād from al-Madāʾin, then made for al-Kūfah. Sufyān b. al-Abrad al-Kalbī and Ḥabīb b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥakamī of Madhḥij had come to al-Ḥajjāj with six thousand horsemen, and with them a host of the people of Syria, so al-Ḥajjāj dispensed with the support of the people of al-Kūfah. He stood among the people as a preacher, praised God, lauded Him, then said: "Now then, O people of al-Kūfah, may God not honor him who wishes you honor, nor help him who wishes you help. Depart from us, and do not witness with us the fighting of our enemy. Join al-Ḥīrah and alight with the Jews and Christians. Let none fight with us except one who was an agent for us and did not witness the battle of ʿAttāb b. Warqāʾ." Al-Ḥajjāj resolved to fight Shabīb in person. Shabīb marched until he reached al-Ṣarāh, and al-Ḥajjāj went out against him with those with him of Syrians and others. When the two parties faced each other, al-Ḥajjāj looked at Shabīb, who was among six hundred of his companions, and he preached to the people of Syria, saying: "O people of Syria, you are people of hearing and obedience, patience and certainty. Let not the falsehood of these foul ones overcome your truth. Lower your gazes, kneel upon your knees, and receive them with the points of your spears." They did so. Shabīb advanced, having drawn up his companions in three divisions: one with him, another with Suwayd b. Sulaym, and another with al-Mujallal b. Wāʾil. Shabīb ordered Suwayd to charge, and he charged against al-Ḥajjāj's army. They held firm against him until when he drew near them, they leaped at him in a single bound, and he fled from them. Al-Ḥajjāj called out: "O people of hearing and obedience, do likewise." Then al-Ḥajjāj ordered that his chair on which he was seated be brought forward. Then Shabīb ordered al-Mujallal to charge, and he charged, and they did to him as they had done to Suwayd. Al-Ḥajjāj said to them as he had said to the first ones, and he moved his chair forward. Then Shabīb charged at them in his squadron, and they stood firm against him until when he pressed upon the spear points, they leaped in his face and fought him for a long time. Then the people of Syria thrust at him from the front until they drove him back to his companions. When he saw their steadfastness, he called out: "O Suwayd, charge with your cavalry against the people of this street; perhaps you can dislodge its people from it, and come upon al-Ḥajjāj from behind him, while we charge him from his front." He charged, but that availed nothing, because al-Ḥajjāj had placed ʿUrwah b. al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah with three hundred horsemen as a reserve behind him, lest they be attacked from their rear—and al-Ḥajjāj was also knowledgeable in war. At that Shabīb incited his companions to the charge and ordered them to it. Al-Ḥajjāj understood that and called out: "O people of hearing and obedience, be patient for this one onslaught, then by the Lord of heaven and earth, nothing remains but victory." They knelt on their knees, and Shabīb charged at them with all his companions. When he overcame them, al-Ḥajjāj called out to the whole host, and they leaped in his face. They kept thrusting and being thrust at, gaining the upper hand over Shabīb and his companions until they drove them back from their positions to what lay behind them. Shabīb called out among his companions: "O friends of God, to the ground, to the ground." Then he dismounted and his companions dismounted. Al-Ḥajjāj called out: "O people of Syria, O people of hearing and obedience, this is the first of victory, by Him in whose hand is my soul." Shabīb ascended a mosque there with about twenty men with him who had arrows. The people fought a severe battle most of the day, one of the severest fights on earth, until each of the two parties acknowledged the other, al-Ḥajjāj watching the two parties from his place. The killing of Shabīb's wife and his brother Then Khālid b. ʿAttāb asked al-Ḥajjāj's permission to ride with a company and come upon the Kharijites from behind them. He gave him permission, and he set out with a company of about four thousand. He entered the Kharijites' camp from behind them and killed Muṣād, Shabīb's brother, and Ghazālah, Shabīb's wife; a man called Farwah b. Daffān al-Kalbī killed her. He broke into Shabīb's army, and al-Ḥajjāj and his companions rejoiced at that and shouted takbīr. Shabīb and his companions withdrew, each upon a horse. Al-Ḥajjāj ordered the people to set out in pursuit of them, and they attacked them and routed them. Shabīb held back in the rearguard of the people, then departed, with the pursuers following him. He began to doze while on his horse until his head nodded, and the pursuers drew near. Some of his companions began telling him not to doze at this hour, but he paid no heed to them and would nod his head again. When that went on for long, al-Ḥajjāj sent to his companions saying: "Leave him in the burning of the fire." So they left him and returned. The detachment of al-Ḥārith b. Muʿāwiyah al-Thaqafī and his killing Then al-Ḥajjāj entered al-Kūfah and preached to the people, saying in his sermon: "Shabīb has not been defeated before this." Then Shabīb made for al-Kūfah, and a detachment from al-Ḥajjāj's army went out against him. They met him on Wednesday, and the Kharijites were routed on Friday, and the Kharijites went fleeing. The commander of al-Ḥajjāj's detachment was al-Ḥārith b. Muʿāwiyah al-Thaqafī with a thousand horsemen with him. Shabīb charged at al-Ḥārith b. Muʿāwiyah and broke him and those with him, and killed a party of them. The people entered al-Kūfah fleeing, and the people fortified the streets. Abū al-Ward, the client of al-Ḥajjāj, went out against him with a party of the army and fought until he was killed, then his companions fled and entered al-Kūfah. Then another commander went out against him and was also broken. Then Shabīb marched with his companions toward the Sawād. They passed by al-Ḥajjāj's agent over those lands and killed him. Then he preached to his companions and said: "You have occupied yourselves with this world to the neglect of the hereafter." Then he threw the wealth into the Euphrates, then marched with them until he conquered many lands; no one came out against him but he killed him. Then one of the commanders over some of the cities went out against him and said to him: "O Shabīb, come out against me and I will come out against you"—he was his friend. Shabīb said to him: "I would not like to kill you." He said to him: "But I would like to kill you, so let not your soul and the preceding battles deceive you." Then he charged at him, and Shabīb struck him on his head and crushed his head until his brain mingled with his flesh and bone. Then he shrouded him and buried him. Then al-Ḥajjāj spent much wealth on armies and forces in pursuit of Shabīb, but they could not overpower him or get the better of him. Rather God set upon him a death by decree, not of their doing nor his, in this year. The killing of Shabīb b. Yazīd the Kharijite Account of the killing of Shabīb in this year according to Ibn al-Kalbī. The reason for that was that al-Ḥajjāj wrote to his deputy over al-Baṣrah, al-Ḥakam b. Ayyūb b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī ʿAqīl—he was the husband of al-Ḥajjāj's daughter—ordering him to equip an army of four thousand to seek out Shabīb, and to be a support for Sufyān b. al-Abrad. He did so. They met and fought a severe battle, and each of the two parties held firm against the other. Then al-Ḥajjāj's men resolved and charged at the Kharijites, and they fled before them, going until they forced them to a bridge there. Shabīb stood at it with a hundred of his companions, and Sufyān b. al-Abrad was unable to withstand him or drive him from that position after they had fought a full day of the severest fighting there could be. Then Sufyān b. al-Abrad ordered the archers among his companions, and they shot at them with a single volley. The Kharijites fled, then wheeled upon the archers and killed about thirty of them, of the companions of Ibn al-Abrad. Night came with its darkness, and the people held back from one another, each of the two parties spending the night resolved to engage the other. When dawn broke, Shabīb and his companions crossed the bridge. While Shabīb was on the back of the bridge upon a stallion of his, and before him a mare, his horse leaped while he was on the bridge, and the hoof of Shabīb's horse landed on the edge of a boat, and he fell into the water. He said: "Let God decree a matter that was to be done." Then he sank into the water, then rose, saying: "That is the decree of the Mighty, the Knowing"—and he drowned. When the Kharijites were certain he had fallen into the water, they wheeled about and departed, dispersing into the lands. The commander of al-Ḥajjāj's army came and pulled Shabīb out of the water, his coat of mail upon him. Then he ordered that his chest be split open, and his heart was extracted, and it was compact and hard, as if it were a rock. They would strike the ground with it, and it would leap the height of a man. It is said: with him were men who hated him for what he had done to their clans. When he held back in the rearguard, they consulted and said: "We will cut the bridge under him." They did so, and the boats tilted with the bridge, and his horse shied, and he fell into the water and drowned. They called out: "The Commander of the Faithful has drowned." Al-Ḥajjāj's army recognized that, and they came and pulled him out. The obituary of Shabīb to his mother When Shabīb's death was announced to his mother, she said: "You speak truly. I had seen in a dream while I was pregnant with him that a flame of fire had come out of me, and I knew that nothing would extinguish it but water." His mother was a slave woman named Jahīzah. She was beautiful, and she was one of the bravest of women, fighting with her son in the wars. Al-Qāḍī Ibn Khallikān mentioned that she was killed in this expedition, and likewise his wife Ghazālah was killed. She was fierce in valor, a Kharijite. Al-Ḥajjāj, despite his awe, feared her with the greatest fear, until one of the poets said of him: A lion against me, but in the wars a timorous ostrich that starts at the whistler's whistle. Would that you had come out against Ghazālah in the fray— but your heart was in the wings of a bird. The career and description of Shabīb He said: Shabīb b. Yazīd b. Nuʿaym b. Qays b. ʿAmr b. al-Ṣalt b. Qays b. Sharāḥīl b. Murrah b. Dhuhl b. Shaybān al-Shaybānī claimed the caliphate and styled himself Commander of the Faithful. Had not God Almighty subdued him with what He subdued him—drowning—he would have attained the caliphate, God willing, and no one would have been able to prevail over him. God subdued him at the hands of al-Ḥajjāj when the Commander of the Faithful ʿAbd al-Malik sent armies to him to fight him, and he fled more than once. When his steed threw him upon the bridge over the Dujayl River, a man said to him: "Drowning, O Commander of the Faithful?" He said: "That is the decree of the Mighty, the Knowing." He said: Then he was brought out and carried to al-Ḥajjāj, who ordered that his heart be removed from his chest, and it was like a stone. Shabīb was a tall man, graying, with curly hair. He was born on the Day of Sacrifice in the year twenty-six. One of his companions was seized and carried to ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, who said to him: "Are you not the one who said: If from you were Marwān and his son and ʿAmr, and from you Hāshim and Ḥabīb, from us are Ḥuṣayn, al-Baṭīn, and Qaʿnab, and from us is the Commander of the Faithful, Shabīb?" He said: "I only said: 'and from us is a commander of the faithful, Shabīb.'" His apology pleased him, and he released him.

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