Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2290
The Year 69 AH
تَرْجَمَةُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَشْدَقِ هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، أَبُو أُمَيَّةَ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْأُمَوِيُّ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْأَشْدَقِ، يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَرَوَى عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا نَحَلَ وَالِدٌ وَلَدًا أَحْسَنَ مِنْ أَدَبٍ حَسَنٍ. وَحَدِيثًا آخَرَ فِي الْعِتْقِ. وَرَوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَ عُثْمَانَ، وَ عَلِيٍّ وَعَائِشَةَ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْهُ بَنُوهُ؛ أُمَيَّةُ وَسَعِيدٌ، وَ مُوسَى وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَاسْتَنَابَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ. صفة عمرو بن سعيد الأشدق وَكَانَ مِنْ سَادَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَمِنَ الْكُرَمَاءِ الْمَشْهُورِينَ، يُعْطِي الْكَثِيرَ، وَيَتَحَمَّلُ الْعَظَائِمَ، وَكَانَ وَصِيَّ أَبِيهِ مِنْ بَيْنِ بَنِيهِ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ - كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا - مِنَ الْمَشَاهِيرِ الْكُرَمَاءِ، وَالسَّادَةِ النُّجَبَاءِ. قَالَ عَمْرٌو: مَا شَتَمْتُ رَجُلًا مُنْذُ كُنْتُ رَجُلًا، وَلَا كَلَّفْتُ مَنْ قَصَدَنِي أَنْ يَسْأَلَنِي ; لَهُوَ أَمَنُّ عَلَيَّ مِنِّي عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: خُطَبَاءُ النَّاسِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ : الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَخُطَبَاءُ النَّاسِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ : مُعَاوِيَةُ وَابْنُهُ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ وَابْنُهُ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: لَيُرْعَفَنَّ عَلَى مِنْبَرِي جَبَّارٌ مِنْ جَبَابِرَةِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ حَتَّى يَسِيلَ رُعَافُهُ. قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ رَأَى عَمْرَو بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَعَفَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى سَالَ رُعَافُهُ. وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَبْعَثُ الْبُعُوثَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ الْحَرَّةِ أَيَّامَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ لِقِتَالِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَنَهَاهُ أَبُو شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَذَكَرَ لَهُ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي سَمِعَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي تَحْرِيمِ مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ يَا أَبَا شُرَيْحٍ، إِنَّ الْحَرَمَ لَا يُعِيذُ عَاصِيًا وَلَا فَارًّا بِدَمٍ وَلَا فَارًّا بِخَرْبَةٍ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ مَرْوَانَ دَخَلَ إِلَى مِصْرَ بَعْدَمَا دَعَا إِلَى بَيْعَةِ نَفْسِهِ، وَاسْتَقَرَّ لَهُ الشَّامُ وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فَفَتَحَ مِصْرَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ وَعَدَ عَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ وَلِيَّ الْعَهْدِ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ نَائِبًا بِدِمَشْقَ، فَلَمَّا قَوِيَتْ شَوْكَةُ مَرْوَانَ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَجَعَلَ الْأَمْرَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ لِوَلَدِهِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَخَلَعَ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَعِيدٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَمَا زَالَ ذَلِكَ فِي نَفْسِهِ، حَتَّى كَانَتْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةُ، وَعَزَمَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى الدُّخُولِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ لِقِتَالِ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَرَجَعَ مِنْ جَيْشِهِ وَدَخَلَ عَمْرٌو دِمَشْقَ وَتَحَصَّنَ بِهَا، وَأَجَابَهُ أَهْلُهَا، فَاتَّبَعَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ فَحَاصَرَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَنْزَلَهُ عَلَى أَمَانٍ صُورِيٍّ، ثُمَّ قَتَلَهُ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ عَلَى الْمَشْهُورِ عِنْدَ الْأَكْثَرِينَ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ يُونُسَ: سَنَةَ سَبْعِينَ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَمِنَ الْغَرِيبِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ لَهُ: أَنْ رَجُلًا سَمِعَ فِي الْمَنَامِ قَائِلًا يَقُولُ عَلَى سُورِ دِمَشْقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدٍ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ، وَقَبْلَ قَتْلِهِ بِمُدَّةٍ، هَذِهِ الْأَبْيَاتِ: أَلَا يَا لِقَوْمِي لِلسَّفَاهَةِ وَالْوَهْنِ وَلِلْفَاجِرِ الْمَوْهُونِ وَالرَّأْيِ ذِي الْأَفْنِ وَلِابْنِ سَعِيدٍ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ خَرَّ لِلْوَجْهِ وَالْبَطْنِ رَأَى الْحِصْنَ مَنْجَاةً مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَالْتَجَا إِلَيْهِ فَزَارَتْهُ الْمَنِيَّةُ فِي الْحِصْنِ قَالَ: فَأَتَى الرَّجُلُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: وَيَحَكَ، سَمِعَهَا مِنْكَ أَحَدٌ ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: ضَعْهَا تَحْتَ قَدَمَيْكَ. ثُمَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ خَلَعَ عَمْرٌو الطَّاعَةَ، وَقَتَلَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ
Translation
✧ Biography of ʿAmr b. Saʿīd al-Ashdaq He is ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayyah b. ʿAbd Shams, Abū Umayyah al-Qurashī al-Umawī, known as al-Ashdaq. It is said that he saw the Prophet ﷺ and narrated from him that he said: "A parent has not given a child anything better than good discipline." And another hadith about manumission. He narrated from ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, and ʿĀʾishah. His sons narrated from him: Umayyah, Saʿīd, Mūsā, and others. Muʿāwiyah appointed him as his deputy over al-Madīnah, and likewise Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah after his father. Description of ʿAmr b. Saʿīd al-Ashdaq He was one of the leaders of the Muslims and one of the well-known generous men. He gave much and bore great burdens. He was his father's executor among his sons. His father was, as we have mentioned before, one of the famous generous men and noble leaders. ʿAmr said: "I have not insulted a man since I became a man, nor have I made anyone who came to me ask me; for his favor to me is greater than mine to him." Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib said: "The orators of the people in the Jāhiliyyah were al-Aswad b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and Suhayl b. ʿAmr. The orators of the people in Islam were Muʿāwiyah and his son, Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ and his son, and ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr." Imam Aḥmad said with his chain: Someone who heard Abū Hurayrah say informed me: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "A tyrant from the tyrants of Banū Umayyah will have a nosebleed on my pulpit until his nosebleed flows." He said: So someone who saw ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ informed me that he had a nosebleed on the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until his nosebleed flowed. He is the one who sent expeditions to Makkah after the Battle of al-Ḥarrah during the days of Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah to fight Ibn al-Zubayr. Abū Shurayḥ al-Khuzāʿī forbade him and mentioned to him the hadith he heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning the sanctity of Makkah. He said: "We know more about that than you, O Abū Shurayḥ. The sanctuary does not protect a disobedient person, nor one fleeing with blood, nor one fleeing with theft." Then Marwān entered Egypt after he called for allegiance to himself, and Syria became settled for him. ʿAmr b. Saʿīd entered with him, and he conquered Egypt. He had promised ʿAmr that he would be heir apparent after ʿAbd al-Malik and that before that he would be deputy in Damascus. When Marwān's power became strong, he reneged on that. He made the matter after ʿAbd al-Malik for his son ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and removed ʿAmr b. Saʿīd from that. That remained in his heart until this year. ʿAbd al-Malik resolved to enter Iraq to fight Muṣʿab b. al-Zubayr. ʿAmr returned from his army and entered Damascus, fortifying himself in it. Its people answered him. ʿAbd al-Malik followed him and besieged him. Then he brought him down on a formal guarantee of safety, then killed him, as we have mentioned before. That was in this year according to the view well known among most scholars. Al-Wāqidī and Abū Saʿīd b. Yūnus said: in the year seventy. And Allah knows best. Among the strange things mentioned by Hishām b. Muḥammad al-Kalbī with a chain of his: that a man heard in a dream a voice saying on the wall of Damascus before ʿAmr b. Saʿīd came out completely, and some time before his killing, these verses: Alas, O my people, for foolishness and weakness, And for the wicked man weak in judgment, devoid of intelligence, And for Ibn Saʿīd, while he was standing On his two feet, he fell on his face and belly. He saw the fortress as a refuge from death, so he sought refuge In it, but fate visited him in the fortress. He said: The man came to ʿAbd al-Malik and informed him. He said: "Woe to you! Did anyone hear it from you?" He said: "No." He said: "Put it under your feet." Then after that, ʿAmr renounced obedience, and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān killed him.
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