Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2262

The Year 66 AH

وُثُوبُ الْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ طَالِبًا بِدَمِ الْحُسَيْنِ ؓ. ففِي رَابِعَ عَشَرَ رَبِيعَ الْأَوَّلِ في سَنَةُ سِتٍّ وَسِتِّينَ وَثَبَ الْمُخْتَارُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ الْكَذَّابُ بِالْكُوفَةِ؛ لِيَأْخُذَ بِثَأْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ - فِيمَا يَزْعُمُ - وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْهَا عَامِلَهَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُطِيعٍ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا رَجَعَ أَصْحَابُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ صُرَدَ مَغْلُوبِينَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَجَدُوا الْمُخْتَارَ بْنَ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْكَذَّابَ مَسْجُونًا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ يُعَزِّيهِمْ وَيَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ فِيمَا كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ خِفْيَةً: أَبْشِرُوا، فَإِنِّي لَوْ قَدْ خَرَجْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ جَرَّدْتُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ مِنْ أَعْدَائِكُمُ السَّيْفَ، فَجَعَلْتُهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ رُكَامًا، وَقَتَلْتُهُمْ فَذًّا وَتَوْأَمًا، فَرَحَّبَ اللَّهُ بِمَنْ قَارَبَ مِنْكُمْ وَاهْتَدَى، وَلَا يُبْعِدُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَبَى وَعَصَى. فَلَمَّا وَصَلَهُمُ الْكِتَابُ قَرَءُوهُ سِرًّا وَرَدُّوا إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّا كَمَا تُحِبُّ، فَمَتَى أَحْبَبْتَ أَخْرَجْنَاكَ مِنْ مَحْبَسِكَ. فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهُ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْقَهْرِ لِنُوَّابِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَتَلَطَّفَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَى زَوْجِ أُخْتِهِ صَفِيَّةَ - وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً صَالِحَةً - وَهُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَشَفَعَ فِي خُرُوجِهِ مِنْ مَحْبِسِهِ عِنْدَ نَائِبَيِ الْكُوفَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَيْهِمَا يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُمَا فِيهِ فَلَمْ يُمْكِنْهُمَا رَدُّهُ، وَكَانَ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ: قَدْ عَلِمْتُمَا مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمَا مِنَ الْوُدِّ وَمَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الْمُخْتَارِ مِنَ الْقَرَابَةِ وَالصِّهْرِ، وَأَنَا أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْكُمَا لَمَا خَلَّيْتُمَا سَبِيلَهُ، وَالسَّلَامُ. فَاسْتُدْعِيَا بِهِ فَضَمِنَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ إِنْ هُوَ بَغَى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ غَائِلَةً فَعَلَيْهِ أَلْفُ بَدَنَةٍ يَنْحَرُهَا تُجَاهَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ - مِنْ عَبْدٍ وَأَمَةٍ - حُرٌّ، فَالْتَزَمَ لَهُمَا بِذَلِكَ، وَلَزِمَ مَنْزِلَهُ، وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: قَاتَلَهُمَا اللَّهُ، أَمَّا حَلِفِي بِاللَّهِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلَّا كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي، وَأَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ، وَأَمَّا إِهْدَائِي أَلْفَ بَدَنَةٍ فَيَسِيرٌ، وَأَمَّا عِتْقِي مَمَالِيكِي فَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدِ اسْتَتَمَّ لِي هَذَا الْأَمْرُ وَلَا أَمْلِكُ مَمْلُوكًا وَاحِدًا. اجتماع الشيعة على المختار بن أبي عبيد الثقفي الكذاب ومبايعتهم له وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الشِّيعَةُ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَثُرَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَبَايَعُوهُ فِي السِّرِّ. وَكَانَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ الْبَيْعَةَ لَهُ وَيُحَرِّضُ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسَةً وَهُمُ السَّائِبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ، وَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَ أَحْمَرُ بْنُ شُمَيْطٍ ; وَرِفَاعَةُ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ، وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ الْجُشَمِيُّ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَمْرُهُ يَقْوَى وَيَشْتَدُّ وَيَسْتَفْحِلُ وَيَرْتَفِعُ، حَتَّى عَزَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ الْكُوفَةِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ يَزِيدَ، وَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، وَبَعْثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُطِيعٍ نَائِبًا عَلَيْهَا، وَبَعَثَ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ نَائِبًا عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ. ولَقِيَ بِحَيْرُ بْنُ رَيْسَانَ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُطِيعٍ عِنْدَ مَسِيرِهِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: لَا تَسِرِ اللَّيْلَةَ فَإِنَّ الْقَمَرَ بِالنَّاطِحِ فَلَا تَسِرْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: وَهَلْ نَطْلُبُ إِلَّا النَّطْحَ ! فَلَقِيَ نَطْحًا كَمَا يُرِيدُ، فَكَانَ الْبَلَاءُ مُوَكَّلًا بِمَنْطِقِهِ، وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا. وَسَارَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَسَرَ الْخَوَارِجُ وَقَالَ: كَانَتْ فِتْنَةً، فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ. وَكَانَ قُدُومُ ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ لِخَمْسٍ بَقِينَ مِنْهُ، وَجَعَلَ عَلَى شُرْطَتِهِ إِيَاسَ بْنَ مُضَارِبٍ الْعِجْلِيَّ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِحُسْنِ السِّيرَةِ وَالشِّدَّةِ عَلَى الْمُرِيبِ، وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَخَطَبَهُمْ وَقَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعَثَنِي عَلَى مِصْرِكُمْ وَثُغُورِكُمْ، وَأَمَرَنِي بِجِبَايَةِ فَيْئِكُمْ وَأَنْ لَا أَحْمِلَ فَضْلَ فَيْئِكُمْ عَنْكُمْ إِلَّا بِرِضًى مِنْكُمْ، وَأَنْ أَتَّبِعَ وَصِيَّةَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ الَّتِي أَوْصَى بِهَا عِنْدَ وَفَاتِهِ، وَسِيرَةَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاسْتَقِيمُوا وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا وَخُذُوا عَلَى أَيْدِي سُفَهَائِكُمْ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ [ وَلَا تَلُومُونِي ] فَوَاللَّهِ لَأُوقِعَنَّ بِالسَّقِيمِ الْعَاصِيَ، وَلَأُقِيمَنَّ دَرْءَ الْأَصْعَرِ الْمُرْتَابِ. فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ السَّائِبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا حَمْلُ فَيْئِنَا بِرِضَانَا فَإِنَّا نَشْهَدُ أَنَا لَا نَرْضَى أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَنَّا فَضْلُهُ وَأَنْ لَا يُقْسَمَ إِلَّا فِينَا، وَأَنْ لَا يُسَارَ فِينَا إِلَّا بِسِيرَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الَّتِي سَارَ بِهَا فِي بِلَادِنَا هَذِهِ حَتَّى هَلَكَ، وَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي سِيرَةِ عُثْمَانَ فِي فَيْئِنَا وَلَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا، وَلَا فِي سِيرَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِينَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَهْوَنَ السِّيرَتَيْنِ عَلَيْنَا، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ بِالنَّاسِ خَيْرًا. فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: صَدَقَ السَّائِبُ وَبَرَّ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ: نَسِيرُ فِيكُمْ بِكُلِّ سِيرَةٍ أَحْبَبْتُمُوهَا. ثُمَّ نَزَلَ. وَجَاءَ صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ، وَهُوَ إِيَاسُ بْنُ مُضَارِبٍ الْعِجْلِيُّ إِلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ هَذَا الَّذِي رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ رُءُوسِ أَصْحَابِ الْمُخْتَارِ، وَلَسْتُ آمَنُ الْمُخْتَارَ، فَابْعَثْ إِلَيْهِ فَارْدُدْهُ إِلَى السِّجْنِ، فَإِنَّ عُيُونِي قَدْ أَخْبَرُونِي أَنَّ أَمْرَهُ قَدِ اسْتَجْمَعَ لَهُ، وَكَأَنَّكَ بِهِ وَقَدْ وَثَبَ بِالْمِصْرِ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُطِيعٍ زَائِدَةَ بْنَ قُدَامَةَ، وَأَمِيرًا آخَرَ مَعَهُ، فَدَخَلَا عَلَى الْمُخْتَارِ فَقَالَا لَهُ: أَجِبِ الْأَمِيرَ. فَدَعَا بِثِيَابِهِ وَأَمَرَ بِإِسْرَاجِ دَابَّتِهِ، وَتَهَيَّأَ لِلذَّهَابِ مَعَهُمَا، فَقَرَأَ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ الْآيَةَ. فَأَلْقَى الْمُخْتَارُ نَفْسَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِقَطِيفَةٍ أَنْ تُلْقَى عَلَيْهِ، وَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ مَرِيضٌ، وَقَالَ: أَخْبِرَا الْأَمِيرَ بِحَالِي، فَرَجَعَا إِلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ فَاعْتَذَرَا عَنْهُ، فَصَدَّقَهُمَا وَلَهَا عَنْهُ. خروج المختار بن أبي عبيد الثقفي الكذاب ليأخذ بثأر الحسين بن علي رض الله عنه فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْمُحَرَّمُ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ عَزْمَ الْمُخْتَارُ عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ لِطَلَبِ ثَأْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ - فِيمَا يَزْعُمُ - فَلَمَّا صَمَّمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشِّيعَةُ وَثَبَّطُوهُ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ الْآنَ إِلَى وَقْتٍ آخَرَ وجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ شِبَامٍ، وَشِبَامٌ حَيٌّ مِنْ هَمْدَانَ، وَكَانَ شَرِيفًا اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، فَلَقِيَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ مُنْقِذٍ الثَّوْرِيَّ وَسِعْرَ بْنَ أَبِي سِعْرٍ الْحَنَفِيَّ وَالْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ جَرَادٍ الْكِنْدِيَّ وَقَدَامَةَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الْجُشَمِيَّ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِ الْمُخْتَارَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ بِنَا وَلَا نَدْرِي أَرْسَلَهُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ أَمْ لَا، فَانْهَضُوا بِنَا إِلَى ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ نُخْبِرُهُ بِمَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ الْمُخْتَارُ، فَإِنْ رَخَّصَ لَنَا فِي اتِّبَاعِهِ تَبِعْنَاهُ وَإِنْ نَهَانَا عَنْهُ اجْتَنَبْنَاهُ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا آثَرَ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ سَلَامَةِ دِينِنَا. قَالُوا لَهُ: أَصَبْتَ. فَخَرَجُوا إِلَى ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَيْهِ سَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ حَالِ النَّاسِ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ عَنْ حَالِهِمْ وَمَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَأَعْلَمُوهُ حَالَ الْمُخْتَارِ وَمَا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَيْهِ وَاسْتَأْذَنُوهُ فِي اتِّبَاعِهِ. فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا مِنْ كَلَامِهِمْ قَالَ لَهُمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَذَكَرَ فَضِيلَةَ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ وَالْمُصِيبَةَ بِقَتْلِ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتُمْ مِمَّنْ دَعَاكُمْ إِلَى الطَّلَبِ بِدِمَائِنَا فَوَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ انْتَصَرَ لَنَا مِنْ عَدُوِّنَا بِمَنْ شَاءَ مَنْ خَلْقِهِ، وَلَوْ كَرِهَ لَقَالَ لَا تَفْعَلُوا. فَعَادُوا وَنَاسٌ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ يَنْتَظِرُونَهُمْ مِمَّنْ أَعْلَمُوهُ بِحَالِهِمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ الْمُخْتَارُ بَلَغَهُ مَخْرَجُهُمْ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ، وَخَشِيَ أَنْ يُكَذِّبَهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَ بِهِ عَنْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِإِذْنِ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، وَهَمَّ بِالْخُرُوجِ قَبْلَ رُجُوعٍ أُولَئِكَ، وَجَعَلَ يَسْجَعُ لَهُمْ سَجْعًا مِنْ سَجْعِ الْكُهَّانِ بِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا سَجَعَ بِهِ. فلَمَّا قَدِمُوا الْكُوفَةَ دَخَلُوا عَلَى الْمُخْتَارِ قَبْلَ دُخُولِهِمْ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: مَا وَرَاءَ كَمْ فَقَدَ فُتِنْتُمْ وَارْتَبْتُمْ ! فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنَّا قَدْ أُمِرْنَا بِنَصْرِكَ. فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اجْمَعُوا إِلَيَّ الشِّيعَةَ، فَجَمَعَ مَنْ كَانَ قَرِيبًا مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ نَفَرًا قَدْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا مِصْدَاقَ مَا جِئْتُ بِهِ فَرَحَلُوا إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَمَّا قَدِمْتُ بِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَنَبَّأَهُمْ أَنِّي وَزِيرُهُ وَظَهِيرُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَأَمَرَكُمْ بِاتِّبَاعِي وَطَاعَتِي فِيمَا دَعَوْتُكُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ قِتَالِ الْمُحِلِّينَ وَالطَّلَبِ بِدِمَاءِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّكُمُ الْمُصْطَفَيْنَ. فَقَامَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِحَالِهِمْ وَمَسِيرِهِمْ وَأَنَّ ابْنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ أَمَرَهُمْ بِمُظَاهَرَتِهِ وَمُؤَازَرَتِهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: لِيُبْلِغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ وَاسْتَعِدُّوا وَتَأَهَّبُوا. وَقَامَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالُوا نَحْوًا مِنْ كَلَامِهِ. فَاسْتَجْمَعَتْ لَهُ الشِّيعَةُ، وَكَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَتِهِمُ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَأَبُوهُ شَرَاحِيلُ، فَلَمَّا تَهَيَّأَ أَمْرُهُ لِلْخُرُوجِ قَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ: إِنَّ أَشْرَافَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ مُجْمِعُونَ عَلَى قِتَالِكُمْ مَعَ ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ، فَإِنْ أَجَابَنَا إِلَى أَمْرِنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ رَجَوْنَا الْقُوَّةَ عَلَى عَدُوِّنَا، فَإِنَّهُ فَتًى رَئِيسٌ، وَابْنُ رَجُلٍ شَرِيفٍ، لَهُ عَشِيرَةٌ ذَاتُ عِزٍّ وَعَدَدٍ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُخْتَارُ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَدْعُونَهُ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ مَعَهُمْ فِي الْأَخْذِ بِثَأْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَذَكَّرُوهُ سَابِقَةَ أَبِيهِ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَجَبْتُكُمْ إِلَى مَا سَأَلْتُمْ، عَلَى أَنْ أَكُونَ أَنَا وَلِيَّ أَمْرِكُمْ. فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا لَا يُمْكِنُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَهْدِيَّ قَدْ بَعَثَ الْمُخْتَارَ إِلَيْنَا وَزِيرًا لَهُ وَدَاعِيًا إِلَيْهِ. فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ، فَمَكَثَ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ رُءُوسِ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَيْهِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى ابْنِ الْأَشْتَرِ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ وَاحْتَرَمَهُ وَأَكْرَمَهُ وَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ فَدَعَاهُ الْمُخْتَارُ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ مَعَهُمْ، وَأَخْرَجَ لَهُ كِتَابًا عَلَى لِسَانِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ، فِيمَا قَامُوا فِيهِ مِنْ نُصْرَةِ آلِ بَيْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالْأَخْذِ بِثَأْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ. قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: وَكَانَ الْكِتَابُ مَعِي، فَلَمَّا قَضَى كَلَامَهُ قَالَ لِي: ادْفَعِ الْكِتَابَ إِلَيْهِ، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ الشَّعْبِيُّ، فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ: مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَهْدِيِّ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْتَرِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ إِلَيْكَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي قَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَزِيرِي وَأَمِينِي الَّذِي ارْتَضَيْتُهُ لِنَفْسِي وَأَمَرْتُهُ بِقِتَالِ عَدُوِّي، وَالطَّلَبِ بِدِمَاءِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، فَانْهَضْ مَعَهُمْ بِنَفْسِكَ وَعَشِيرَتِكَ وَمَنْ أَطَاعَكَ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ نَصَرْتَنِي وَأَجَبْتَ دَعْوَتِي، كَانَتْ لَكَ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدِي فَضِيلَةٌ، وَلَكَ أَعِنَّةُ الْخَيْلِ وَكُلُّ جَيْشٍ غَازٍ وَكُلُّ مِصْرٍ وَمِنْبَرٍ وَثَغْرٍ ظَهَرْتَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْكُوفَةِ وَأَقْصَى بِلَادِ الشَّامِ. فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ: قَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ قَبْلَ الْيَوْمِ وَكَتَبْتُ فَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ إِلَيَّ بِاسْمِهِ وَاسْمِ أَبِيهِ. قَالَ الْمُخْتَارُ: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ زَمَانٌ وَهَذَا زَمَانٌ. قَالَ: فَمَنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا كِتَابُهُ [ إِلَيَّ ] ؟ فَشَهِدَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِمَّنْ مَعَهُ، مِنْهُمْ: زَيْدُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَأَحْمَرُ بْنُ شُمَيْطٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَامِلٍ وَجَمَاعَتُهُمْ إِلَّا الشَّعْبِيَّ. فَلَمَّا شَهِدُوا تَأَخَّرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنْ صَدْرِ الْفِرَاشِ وقَامَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ وَأَجْلَسَ الْمُخْتَارَ فِيهِ وَبَايَعَهُ، وَدَعَا لَهُمْ بِفَاكِهَةٍ وَشَرَابٍ مِنْ عَسَلٍ. قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ - وَكَانَ حَاضِرًا ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ هُوَ وَأَبُوهُ -: فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ الْمُخْتَارُ، قَالَ لِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ: يَا شَعْبِيُّ، وَمَاذَا تَرَى فِيمَا شَهِدَ بِهِ هَؤُلَاءِ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُمْ قُرَّاءٌ وَأُمَرَاءٌ وَوُجُوهُ النَّاسِ، وَلَا أَرَاهُمْ يُشْهِدُونَ إِلَّا بِمَا يَعْلَمُونَ. قَالَ: وَكَتَمْتُهُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي مِنِ اتِّهَامِهِمْ، وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا لِلْأَخْذِ بِثَأْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَكُنْتُ عَلَى رَأْيِ الْقَوْمِ. ثُمَّ جَعَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ هُوَ وَمَنْ أَطَاعَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَ رَأْيُ الشِّيعَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ خُرُوجُهُمْ لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ لِأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ; سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَسِتِّينَ. وَقَدْ بَلَغَ ابْنَ مُطِيعٍ أَمْرُ الْقَوْمِ وَمَا اشْتَوَرُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَبَعَثَ الشُّرَطَ فِي كُلِّ جَانِبٍ مِنْ جَوَانِبِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَأَلْزَمَ كُلَّ أَمِيرٍ بِحِفْظِ نَاحِيَتِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا أَحَدٌ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ لَيْلَةُ الثُّلَاثَاءِ خَرَجَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ قَاصِدًا إِلَى دَارِ الْمُخْتَارِ فِي مِائَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَعَلَيْهِمُ الدُّرُوعُ تَحْتَ الْأَقْبِيَةِ، فَلَقِيَهُ إِيَاسُ بْنُ مُضَارِبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ يَا ابْنَ الْأَشْتَرِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ ؟ إِنَّ أَمَرَكَ لِمُرِيبٌ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَا أَدْعُكَ حَتَّى أُحْضِرَكَ إِلَى الْأَمِيرِ فَيَرَى فِيكَ رَأْيَهُ. فَتَنَاوَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ رُمْحًا مِنْ يَدِ رَجُلٍ فَطَعَنَهُ فِي ثُغْرَةِ نَحْرِهِ، فَسَقَطَ وَأَمَرَ رَجُلًا فَاحْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ، وَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ فَأَلْقَاهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُخْتَارُ بَشَّرَكَ اللَّهُ بِخَيْرٍ، فَهَذَا طَائِرٌ صَالِحٌ. ثُمَّ طَلَبَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مِنَ الْمُخْتَارِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ، فَأَمَرَ الْمُخْتَارُ بِالنَّارِ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ، وَأَنْ يُنَادَى بِشِعَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ: يَا مَنْصُورُ أَمِتْ، يَا ثَارَاتِ الْحُسَيْنِ. ثُمَّ نَهَضَ الْمُخْتَارُ فَجَعْلَ يَلْبَسُ دِرْعَهُ وَسِلَاحَهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: قَدْ عَلِمَتْ بَيْضَاءُ حَسْنَاءُ الطَّلَلْ وَاضِحَةُ الْخَدَّيْنِ عَجْزَاءُ الْكَفَلْ أَنِّي غَدَاةَ الرَّوْعِ مِقْدَامٌ بَطَلْ وَخَرَجَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ، فَجَعَلَ يَتَقَصَّدُ الْأُمَرَاءَ الْمُوَكَّلِينَ بِنَوَاحِي الْبَلَدِ، فَيَطْرُدُهُمْ عَنْ أَمَاكِنِهِمْ وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا، وَيُنَادِي بِشِعَارِ الْمُخْتَارِ. وَبَعَثَ الْمُخْتَارُ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيَّ فَنَادَى بِشِعَارِ الْمُخْتَارِ: يَا ثَارَاتِ الْحُسَيْنِ. فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ هَاهُنَا وَهَاهُنَا، وَجَاءَ شَبَثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ فَاقْتَتَلَ هُوَ وَالْمُخْتَارُ عِنْدَ دَارِهِ وَحَصَرَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ فَطَرَدَهُ عَنْهُ. فَرَجَعَ شَبَثٌ إِلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ، وَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ يَجْمَعَ الْأُمَرَاءَ إِلَيْهِ، وَأَنْ يَنْهَضَ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَإِنَّ أَمْرَ الْمُخْتَارِ قَدْ قَوِيَ وَاسْتَفْحَلَ، وَجَاءَتِ الشِّيعَةُ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَثْنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، فَأَصْبَحَ وَقَدْ عَبَّى جَيْشَهُ وَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الصُّبْحَ، فَقَرَأَ فِيهَا: وَالنَّازِعَاتِ غَرْقًا وَ عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى فِي الثَّانِيَةِ. قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ: فَمَا سَمِعْتُ إِمَامًا أَفْصَحَ لَهْجَةً مِنْهُ. تجهيز ابن مطيع جيشا لقتال المختار بن أبي عبيد الثقفي وَقَدْ جَهَّزَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ جَيْشًا؛ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ عَلَيْهِمْ شَبَثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ، وَأَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أُخْرَى مَعَ رَاشِدِ بْنِ إِيَاسِ بْنِ مُضَارِبٍ، فَوَجَّهَ الْمُخْتَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ الْأَشْتَرِ فِي سِتِّمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ وَسِتِّمِائَةِ رَاجِلٍ إِلَى رَاشِدِ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ، وَبَعْثَ نُعَيْمَ بْنَ هُبَيْرَةَ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ وَسِتِّمِائَةِ رَاجِلٍ إِلَى شَبَثِ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ. فَأَمَّا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ فَإِنَّهُ هَزَمَ قِرْنَهُ رَاشِدَ بْنَ إِيَاسٍ وَقَتْلَهُ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ يُبَشِّرُهُ، وَأَمَّا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَقِيَ شَبَثَ بْنَ رِبْعِيٍّ فَهَزَمَهُ شَبَثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ وَقَتْلَهُ وَجَاءَ فَأَحَاطَ بِالْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ وَحَصَرَهُ، وَأَقْبَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ نَحْوَ الْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، فَاعْتَرَضَ لَهُ حَسَّانُ بْنُ فَائِدِ الْعَبْسِيُّ فِي نَحْوٍ مِنْ أَلْفَيْ فَارِسٍ مِنْ جِهَةِ ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا سَاعَةً، فَهَزَمَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ نَحْوَ الْمُخْتَارِ، فَوَجَدَ شَبَثَ بْنَ رِبْعِيٍّ قَدْ حَصَرَ الْمُخْتَارَ وَجَيْشَهُ، فَمَا زَالَ حَتَّى طَرَدَهُمْ عَنْهُ، وَكَرُّوا رَاجِعِينَ. وَخَلَصَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ، وَارْتَحَلُوا مِنْ مَكَانِهِمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ فِي ظَاهِرِ الْكُوفَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ: اعْمِدْ بِنَا إِلَى قَصْرِ الْإِمَارَةِ، فَلَيْسَ دُونَهُ أَحَدٌ يَرُدُّ عَنْهُ. فَوَضَعُوا مَا مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَثْقَالِ وَأَجْلَسُوا هُنَالِكَ ضَعَفَةَ الْمَشَايِخِ وَالرِّجَالِ. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ الْمُخْتَارُ عَلَى مَنْ هُنَالِكَ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيَّ، وَبَعَثَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ الْأَشْتَرِ، وَعَبَّأَ الْمُخْتَارُ جَيْشَهُ كَمَا كَانَ، وَسَارَ نَحْوَ الْقَصْرِ، فَبَعَثَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي أَلْفَيْ رَجُلٍ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُخْتَارُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَسَارَ هُوَ وَابْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ أَمَامَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْكُوفَةَ مِنْ بَابِ الْكُنَاسَةِ، وَأَرْسَلَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ شَمِرَ بْنَ ذِي الْجَوْشَنِ - الَّذِي قَتَلَ الْحُسَيْنَ - فِي أَلْفَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُخْتَارُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ مُنْقِذٍ الْهَمَذَانِيَّ، وَسَارَ الْمُخْتَارُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى سِكَّةِ شَبَثٍ، وَإِذَا نَوْفَلُ بْنُ مُسَاحِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ فِي خَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ، وَخَرَجَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ مِنَ الْقَصْرِ فِي النَّاسِ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَيْهِ شَبَثَ بْنَ رِبْعِيٍّ، فَتَقَدَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْأَشْتَرِ إِلَى الْجَيْشِ الَّذِي مَعَ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُسَاحِقٍ. فَهَزَمَهُمْ وَأَخَذَ بِلِجَامِ دَابَّةِ ابْنِ مُسَاحِقٍ فَمَتَّ إِلَيْهِ بِالْقَرَابَةِ، فَأَطْلَقَهُ، فَكَّانِ لَا يَنْسَاهَا بَعْدُ لِابْنِ الْأَشْتَرِ. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ الْمُخْتَارُ بِجَيْشِهِ إِلَى الْكُنَاسَةِ وَحَصَرُوا ابْنَ مُطِيعٍ بِقَصْرِهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَمَعَهُ أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ سِوَى عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ، فَإِنَّهُ لَزِمَ دَارَهُ، فَلَمَّا ضَاقَ الْحَالُ عَلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ اسْتَشَارَهُمْ فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ شَبَثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لَهُ وَلَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُخْتَارِ أَمَانًا، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ هَذَا وَأَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُطَاعٌ بِالْحِجَازِ وَبِالْبَصْرَةِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَذْهَبَ بِنَفْسِكَ مُخْتَفِيًا حَتَّى تَلْحَقَ بِصَاحِبِكَ فَتُخْبِرَهُ بِمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ، وَبِمَا كَانَ مِنَّا فِي نَصْرِهِ وَإِقَامَةِ دَوْلَتِهِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ خَرَجَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ مُخْتَفِيًا حَتَّى دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، مبايعة المختار بن أبي عبيد الثقفي الكذاب فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ أَخْذَ الْأُمَرَاءُ لَهُمْ أَمَانًا مِنْ أَمِيرِهِمُ ابْنِ الْأَشْتَرِ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ، فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ الْقَصْرِ وَجَاءُوا إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ فَبَايَعُوهُ، وَجَاءَ الْمُخْتَارُ فَدَخْلَ الْقَصْرَ فَبَاتَ فِيهِ، وَأَصْبَحَ أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَعَلَى بَابِ الْقَصْرِ، فَخَرَجَ الْمُخْتَارُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ وَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ خُطْبَةً بَلِيغَةً، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَعَدَ وَلِيَّهُ النَّصْرَ وَعَدُوَّهُ الْخُسْرَ، وَجَعَلَهُ فِيهِ إِلَى آخِرِ الدَّهْرِ وَعْدًا مَفْعُولًا وَقَضَاءً مَقْضِيًّا، وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنِ افْتَرَى، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا رُفِعَتْ لَنَا رَايَةٌ وَمُدَّتْ لَنَا غَايَةٌ، فَقِيلَ لَنَا فِي الرَّايَةِ أَنِ ارْفَعُوهَا وَفِي الْغَايَةِ أَنِ اجْرُوا إِلَيْهَا وَلَا تَعْدُوهَا، فَسَمِعْنَا دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِي وَمَقَالَةَ الْوَاعِي، فَكَمْ مِنْ نَاعٍ وَنَاعِيَةٍ لِقَتْلَى فِي الْوَاعِيَةِ، وَبُعْدًا لِمَنْ طَغَى وَأَدْبَرَ وَعَصَى وَكَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى، أَلَا فَادْخُلُوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَبَايِعُوا بَيْعَةَ هُدًى، فَلَا وَالَّذِي جَعَلَ السَّمَاءَ سَقْفًا مَكْفُوفًا، وَالْأَرْضَ فِجَاجًا سُبُلًا، مَا بَايَعْتُمْ بَعْدَ بَيْعَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَآلِ عَلِيٍّ أَهْدَى مِنْهَا ! ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَشْرَافُ الْكُوفَةِ فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالطَّلَبِ بِدِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ، وَجِهَادِ الْمُحِلِّينَ، وَالدَّفْعِ عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ، وَقِتَالِ مَنْ قَاتَلَنَا، وَسِلْمِ مَنْ سَالَمَنَا. وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ بَايَعَهُ الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ وَابْنُهُ حَسَّانُ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُنْقِذٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُمَا قَالُوا: هَذَانِ وَاللَّهِ مِنْ رُءُوسِ الْجَبَّارِينَ، فَقَتَلُوا الْمُنْذِرَ وَابْنَهُ حَسَّانَ، فَنَهَاهُمْ سَعِيدٌ حَتَّى يَأْخُذُوا أَمْرَ الْمُخْتَارِ، فَلَمْ يَنْتَهُوا، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ الْمُخْتَارُ ذَلِكَ كَرِهَهُ، وَأَقْبَلَ الْمُخْتَارُ يُمَنِّي النَّاسَ، وَيَسْتَجِرُّ مَوَدَّةَ الْأَشْرَافِ، وَيُحْسِنُ السِّيرَةَ. وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْمُخْتَارِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ مُطِيعٍ فِي دَارِ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَأَرَاهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْمَعُ قَوْلَهُ، حَتَّى كَرَّرَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثًا، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُرِيهِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْمَعُ قَوْلَهُ. فَسَكَتَ الرَّجُلُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ بَعْثَ الْمُخْتَارُ إِلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَقَالَ لَهُ: اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ بِمَكَانِكَ، - وَكَانَ لَهُ صَدِيقًا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ - فَذَهَبَ ابْنُ مُطِيعٍ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ وَكْرِهَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَهُوَ مَغْلُوبٌ. وَشَرَعَ الْمُخْتَارُ يَتَحَبَّبُ إِلَى النَّاسِ بِحُسْنِ السِّيرَةِ وَوَجَدَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ تِسْعَةَ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ، فَأَعْطَى الْجَيْشَ الَّذِينَ حَضَرُوا مَعَهُ الْقِتَالَ نَفَقَاتٍ كَثِيرَةً. وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى شُرْطَتِهِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ كَامِلٍ الشَّاكِرِيَّ، وَقَرَّبَ أَشْرَافَ النَّاسِ فَكَانُوا جُلَسَاءَهُ، فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمَوَالِي الَّذِينَ قَامُوا بِنَصْرِهِ، وَقَالُوا لِأَبِي عَمْرَةَ كِيسَانَ مَوْلَى عُرَيْنَةَ، وَكَانَ عَلَى حَرَسِهِ: قَدَّمَ وَاللَّهِ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْعَرَبَ وَتَرَكَنَا، فَأَنْهَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو عَمْرَةَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: بَلْ هُمْ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّا مِنَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ مُنْتَقِمُونَ [ السَّجْدَةِ: 22 ] فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَبُو عَمْرَةَ: أَبْشِرُوا فَإِنَّهُ سَيَقْتُلُهُمْ وَيُقَرِّبُكُمْ فَأَعْجَبَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَسَكَتُوا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُخْتَارَ بَعَثَ الْأُمَرَاءَ إِلَى النَّوَاحِي وَالْبُلْدَانِ وَالْأَقَالِيمِ وَالرَّسَاتِيقِ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ وَخُرَاسَانَ، وَعَقَدَ الْأَلْوِيَةَ وَالرَّايَاتِ. وَقَرَّرَ الْإِمَارَةَ وَالْوِلَايَاتِ، وَجَعَلَ يَجْلِسُ لِلنَّاسِ غُدْوَةً وَعَشِيَّةً يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَمَّا طَالَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ اسْتَقْضَى شُرَيْحًا، فَتَكَلَّمَ فِي شُرَيْحٍ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ، وَقَالُوا إِنَّهُ شَهِدَ عَلَى حُجْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُبَلِّغْ عَنْ هَانِئِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ مَا أَرْسَلَهُ بِهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَزَلَهُ عَنِ الْقَضَاءِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ شُرَيْحًا ذَلِكَ تَمَارَضَ وَلَزِمَ بَيْتَهُ، فَجَعَلَ الْمُخْتَارُ مَكَانَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ وَجَعَلَ مَكَانَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الطَّائِيَّ قَاضِيًا.

Translation

✧ The rising of al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd seeking the blood of al-Ḥusayn ؓ. On the fourteenth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal in the year sixty-six Al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī, the liar, rose in al-Kūfah seeking vengeance for al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī – as he claimed – and expelled its governor ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ. The reason for this was that when the companions of Sulaymān b. Ṣurad returned defeated to al-Kūfah, they found al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd, the liar, imprisoned, so he wrote to them consoling them, promising them, and giving them hope – and Satan promises them only delusion. In what he wrote to them secretly, he said: Rejoice, for if I were to come out to you I would unsheathe the sword between the east and the west against your enemies, and by God's permission I would make them heaps and kill them one by one and in pairs. May God welcome those of you who draw near and are guided, and may God not distance any but those who refuse and disobey. When the letter reached them, they read it secretly and replied to him: We are as you desire, so whenever you wish we will release you from your prison. He disliked that they should release him from his place by force against the deputies of al-Kūfah, so he acted gently and wrote to his sister Ṣafiyyah's husband – she was a righteous woman – who was ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, asking him to intercede for his release from prison with the two deputies of al-Kūfah, ʿAbd Allāh b. Yazīd and Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. Ṭalḥah. Ibn ʿUmar wrote to them interceding on his behalf, and they could not refuse him. In what Ibn ʿUmar wrote to them: You know the affection between me and you and the kinship and marriage tie between me and al-Mukhtār, and I adjure you to let him go. Peace. He was summoned and a group of his companions guaranteed him, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Yazīd made him swear that if he sought any harm for the Muslims, he would owe a thousand camels to be slaughtered facing the Kaʿbah, and every slave he owned – male or female – would be free. He committed to that for them and stayed in his house, saying: May God curse them! As for my oath by God, I do not swear an oath and then see something better than it without expiating my oath and doing that which is better; as for sacrificing a thousand camels, that is easy; and as for freeing my slaves, I wish this matter might be completed for me while I do not own a single slave. The Shiʿah gathered around al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī, the liar, and pledged allegiance to him. The Shiʿah gathered around him, his followers increased, and they pledged allegiance to him in secret. Those who took the pledge of allegiance for him and urged the people to support him were five: al-Sāʾib b. Mālik al-Ashʿarī, Yazīd b. Anas, Aḥmar b. Shumayṭ, Rifāʿah b. Shaddād, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Shaddād al-Jushamī. His affair continued to grow stronger, intensify, become formidable, and rise, until ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr dismissed ʿAbd Allāh b. Yazīd and Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. Ṭalḥah from al-Kūfah and sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ as governor over it, and sent al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah as governor over al-Baṣrah. Baḥīr b. Rīsān al-Ḥimyarī met ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ when he was marching to al-Kūfah and said to him: Do not travel tonight, for the moon is in al-Nāṭiḥ, so do not travel. He said to him: Do we seek anything but butting? He did meet butting as he wanted, and affliction was entailed by his speech, though he was brave. Ibrāhīm went to al-Madīnah, and the Khawārij rebelled. He said: It was a trial, and Ibn al-Zubayr kept silent about him. The arrival of Ibn Muṭīʿ was in Ramaḍān, with five nights remaining of it. He appointed Iyās b. Muḍārib al-ʿIjlī over his shurṭah and commanded him to have good conduct and to be harsh with the suspicious. When he arrived, he ascended the pulpit and addressed them, saying: To proceed: the Commander of the Faithful has sent me over your city and your frontiers, and commanded me to collect your fayʾ and not to take any surplus of your fayʾ from you except with your consent, and to follow the testament of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb that he made at his death, and the conduct of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān. So fear God, be upright, do not differ, and restrain the hands of your fools. If you do not do so, then blame yourselves, not me. By God, I will strike the disobedient sick one and set straight the crooked suspicious one. Then al-Sāʾib b. Mālik al-Ashʿarī stood up to him and said: As for taking our fayʾ with our consent, we bear witness that we do not consent that its surplus be taken from us, and that it not be divided except among us, and that no one govern us except with the conduct of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib that he followed in this land of ours until he died. We have no need for the conduct of ʿUthmān regarding our fayʾ or our persons, nor for the conduct of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb among us, even though it is the easier of the two conducts for us, and he did good to the people. Yazīd b. Anas said: Al-Sāʾib spoke truly and acted rightly. Ibn Muṭīʿ said: We will govern you according to any conduct you like. Then he descended. The chief of the shurṭah, Iyās b. Muḍārib al-ʿIjlī, came to Ibn Muṭīʿ and said to him: The one who replied to you is one of the heads of al-Mukhtār's companions, and I do not trust al-Mukhtār, so send for him and return him to prison, for my spies have told me that his affair has gathered strength for him, and it is as if I see him rising up against the city. So ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ sent Zāʾidah b. Qudāmah and another commander with him. They entered upon al-Mukhtār and said to him: Answer the governor. He called for his clothes and ordered his mount to be saddled, and prepared to go with them. Then Zāʾidah b. Qudāmah recited: "And when those who disbelieve plot against you to restrain you or kill you or expel you…" (Qurʾān 8:30). Al-Mukhtār threw himself down and ordered a velvet cloth to be thrown over him, pretending to be ill, and said: Tell the governor about my condition. They returned to Ibn Muṭīʿ and excused him, and he believed them and left him alone. The going out of al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī, the liar, to seek vengeance for al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, ؓ. When Muḥarram of this year came, al-Mukhtār resolved to go out to seek vengeance for al-Ḥusayn – as he claimed. When he was determined on that, the Shiʿah gathered around him and discouraged him from going out now until another time. A man from the companions of Shibām – Shibām being a sub-tribe of Hamdān – who was a nobleman named ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Shurayḥ came and met Saʿīd b. Munqidh al-Thawrī, Siʿr b. Abī Siʿr al-Ḥanafī, al-Aswad b. Jarād al-Kindī, and Qudāmah b. Mālik al-Jushamī, and said to them: Al-Mukhtār wants to lead us out, but we do not know whether Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah sent him or not, so let us go to Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah and tell him what al-Mukhtār has brought to us. If he permits us to follow him, we will follow him; if he forbids us, we will avoid him. By God, nothing of this world should be dearer to us than the safety of our religion. They said to him: You are right. They went out to Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah. When they came to him, he asked them about the condition of the people, and they told him about their condition and what they were upon, and informed him of al-Mukhtār's situation and what he was calling them to, and asked his permission to follow him. When they finished their speech, after praising and extolling God and mentioning the virtue of the People of the House and the calamity of the killing of al-Ḥusayn, he said to them: As for what you mentioned about one who calls you to seek our blood, by God I would love that God take vengeance for us against our enemy through whomever He wills of His creation, but I say to you: Do not do it. They returned while some of the Shiʿah, whom they had informed of their situation, were waiting for them. Al-Mukhtār had heard of their departure to Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah, and he disliked that, fearing that he would contradict him in what he had reported about him, for it was not by Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah's permission. He resolved to go out before those people returned, and he began to speak to them in rhyming prose like the rhyming prose of soothsayers about that; then the affair turned out as his rhyming prose had foretold. When they arrived in al-Kūfah, they went in to al-Mukhtār before entering their houses, and he said to them: What is behind you? You have been tempted and doubted! They said to him: We have been commanded to support you. He said: God is great! Gather the Shiʿah to me. He gathered those of them who were nearby and said to them: Some people wanted to know the truth of what I have brought, so they traveled to the Imam al-Mahdī and asked him about what I have brought to you. He informed them that I am his minister, his supporter, and his messenger, and he commanded you to follow me and obey me in what I call you to, namely fighting the profaners and seeking the blood of the chosen members of the household of your Prophet. Then ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Shurayḥ stood up and told them of their situation and their journey and that Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah had commanded them to aid and support him, and he said to them: Let those present inform the absent; prepare and make ready. A group of his companions stood up and said similar words. The Shiʿah gathered around him, and among them were al-Shaʿbī and his father Sharāḥīl. When his affair was ready for going out, one of his companions said to him: The nobles of the people of al-Kūfah are united to fight you along with Ibn Muṭīʿ. If Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar joins us in our cause, we will hope for strength against our enemy, for he is a young leader and the son of a noble man with a clan of honor and numbers. Al-Mukhtār sent a group of his companions to him calling him to join them in seeking vengeance for al-Ḥusayn, and reminding him of his father's precedence with ʿAlī ؓ. He said: I have accepted what you asked, on condition that I be the one in charge of your affair. They said: That is not possible, because al-Mahdī has sent al-Mukhtār to us as his minister and caller to him. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar remained silent, so they returned to al-Mukhtār and told him. He waited three days, then went out with a group of the heads of his companions to him. He entered upon Ibn al-Ashtar, who stood up for him, honored him, and seated him, and al-Mukhtār called him to join them and brought out a letter purporting to be from Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah calling him to enter with his companions among the Shiʿah in what they had undertaken of supporting the family of the Prophet ﷺ and seeking vengeance for al-Ḥusayn. Al-Shaʿbī said: The letter was with me, and when he finished his speech he said to me: Give the letter to him. Al-Shaʿbī gave it to him, and he read it, and in it was: From Muḥammad al-Mahdī to Ibrāhīm b. Mālik al-Ashtar. Peace be upon you, for I praise God to you, the One besides whom there is no god. To proceed: I have sent to you my minister and my trustee, whom I have approved for myself, and I have commanded him to fight my enemy and seek the blood of my household. So rise with them yourself, with your clan and those who obey you. If you support me and answer my call, you will have thereby a virtue with me, and you will have the reins of the cavalry, every raiding army, every city, pulpit, and frontier that you overcome between al-Kūfah and the farthest lands of Syria. When he finished reading the letter, he said: Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah has written to me before today and I wrote back, but he did not write to me with his name and his father's name. Al-Mukhtār said: That was one time and this is another. He said: Who knows that this is his letter to me? A group of those with him testified, including Zayd b. Anas, Aḥmar b. Shumayṭ, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Kāmil and their group, except al-Shaʿbī. When they testified, Ibrāhīm moved back from the head of the couch, stood from his seat, seated al-Mukhtār in it, pledged allegiance to him, and called for fruit and a drink of honey for them. Al-Shaʿbī said – he and his father were present at that affair –: When al-Mukhtār left, Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar said to me: O Shaʿbī, what do you think of what these people testified? I said: They are reciters, commanders, and prominent people, and I do not think they would testify except to what they know. He said: I concealed from him what was in my heart of suspicion about them, but I loved that they go out to seek vengeance for al-Ḥusayn, and I was of the opinion of the people. Then Ibrāhīm began to frequent al-Mukhtār in his house, he and those of his people who obeyed him. Then the Shiʿah agreed that their going out would be on Thursday night, fourteen nights having passed of Rabīʿ al-Awwal of this year, the year sixty-six. Ibn Muṭīʿ had learned of the people's affair and what they had agreed upon, so he sent the shurṭah to every side of al-Kūfah and obliged every commander to guard his district so that no one might go out from it. When Tuesday night came, Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar went out heading for al-Mukhtār's house with a hundred men of his people, wearing coats of mail under their cloaks. Iyās b. Muḍārib met him and said: Where are you going, O son of al-Ashtar, at this hour? Your affair is suspicious. By God, I will not leave you until I bring you to the governor so he may decide about you. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar took a spear from a man's hand and thrust it into the hollow of his throat, and he fell. He ordered a man to cut off his head, and he took it to al-Mukhtār and threw it before him. Al-Mukhtār said: May God give you good tidings, for this is a good omen. Then Ibrāhīm asked al-Mukhtār to go out that night. Al-Mukhtār ordered the fire to be raised and his companions' battle cry to be called out: "O Victor, kill! O vengeance for al-Ḥusayn!" Then al-Mukhtār rose and began to put on his coat of mail and his weapons, saying: A fair-faced woman of beautiful ruin, bright of cheeks, ample of hips, knows That on the morning of battle I am a bold hero. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar went out before him and began to make for the commanders in charge of the districts of the city, driving them from their places one by one and calling out al-Mukhtār's battle cry. Al-Mukhtār sent Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, who called out al-Mukhtār's battle cry: "O vengeance for al-Ḥusayn!" People gathered to him from here and there. Shabath b. Ribʿī came and fought with al-Mukhtār at his house and besieged him until Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar came and drove him away. Shabath returned to Ibn Muṭīʿ and advised him to gather the commanders to himself and to take action personally, for the affair of al-Mukhtār had grown strong and formidable, and the Shia were coming to al-Mukhtār from every deep valley. During the night, nearly four thousand gathered to him. By morning he had organized his army and led them in the dawn prayer, in which he recited “By those who pull out violently” (al-Nāziʿāt) and “He frowned and turned away” (ʿAbasa) in the second unit. One of those who heard him said: I have never heard an imam with a more eloquent tongue than his. Ibn Muṭīʿ Prepares an Army to Fight al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī Ibn Muṭīʿ had prepared an army: three thousand under Shabath b. Ribʿī, and another four thousand under Rāshid b. Iyās b. Muḍārib. Al-Mukhtār sent Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar with six hundred cavalry and six hundred infantry against Rāshid b. Iyās, and he sent Nuʿaym b. Hubayra with three hundred cavalry and six hundred infantry against Shabath b. Ribʿī. As for Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar, he defeated his opponent Rāshid b. Iyās, killed him, and sent word to al-Mukhtār giving him the good news. As for Nuʿaym b. Hubayra, he met Shabath b. Ribʿī, and Shabath b. Ribʿī defeated and killed him, then came and surrounded al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd and besieged him. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar advanced toward al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd, but Ḥassān b. Fāʾid al-ʿAbsī intercepted him with about two thousand cavalry on behalf of Ibn Muṭīʿ. They fought for a while, and Ibrāhīm routed him. Then he advanced toward al-Mukhtār and found Shabath b. Ribʿī had besieged al-Mukhtār and his army. He kept fighting until he drove them away, and they retreated. Ibrāhīm reached al-Mukhtār, and they moved from that place to another on the outskirts of Kufa. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar said to him: “Let us make for the palace of the emirate, for there is no one before it to repel us.” So they set down the baggage they had and seated there the weak among the elders and men. Al-Mukhtār left Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī as his deputy over those who remained there, and sent Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar ahead of him. Al-Mukhtār organized his army as before and marched toward the palace. Ibn Muṭīʿ sent ʿAmr b. al-Ḥajjāj with two thousand men, and al-Mukhtār sent Yazīd b. Anas against him. He himself marched with Ibn al-Ashtar before him until he entered Kufa from the gate of al-Kunāsa. Ibn Muṭīʿ sent Shimr b. Dhī al-Jawshan—the one who killed al-Ḥusayn—with another two thousand, and al-Mukhtār sent Saʿīd b. Munqidh al-Hamadhānī against him. Al-Mukhtār marched on until he reached the lane of Shabath, where Nawfal b. Musāḥiq b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Makhrama was with five thousand. Ibn Muṭīʿ came out of the palace with the people, leaving Shabath b. Ribʿī as his deputy over it. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ashtar advanced against the army with Nawfal b. Musāḥiq, routed them, seized the bridle of Ibn Musāḥiq's mount, but he was related to him, so he released him. He never forgot that favor from Ibn al-Ashtar afterward. Then al-Mukhtār advanced with his army to al-Kunāsa and besieged Ibn Muṭīʿ in his palace for three days. With him were the nobles of the people, except ʿAmr b. Ḥurayth, who stayed in his house. When the situation became dire for Ibn Muṭīʿ and his companions, he consulted them. Shabath b. Ribʿī advised him to seek a guarantee of safety for himself and them from al-Mukhtār. He said: “I would not do this while the Commander of the Faithful is obeyed in the Hejaz and Basra.” He said to him: “If you see fit, go away secretly and join your master, and inform him of what has happened and of our efforts in supporting him and upholding his state.” When night came, Ibn Muṭīʿ went out secretly and entered the house of Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī. The Pledge of Allegiance to al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī, the Liar When morning came, the commanders sought a guarantee of safety from their commander Ibn al-Ashtar, and he granted it to them. They left the palace and went to al-Mukhtār and pledged allegiance to him. Al-Mukhtār came and entered the palace and spent the night there. In the morning, the nobles of the people were in the mosque and at the gate of the palace. Al-Mukhtār went out to the mosque, ascended the pulpit, and delivered an eloquent sermon. He praised God and extolled Him, then said: Praise be to God who promised His friend victory and His enemy loss, and made it for him until the end of time, a promise fulfilled and a decree decreed. He who fabricates has failed. O people, a banner has been raised for us and a goal has been set before us. We were told regarding the banner to raise it, and regarding the goal to run toward it and not overstep it. We heard the call of the caller and the word of the warner, and how many a mourner, male and female, are there for those slain in the calamity. Away with him who transgressed and turned his back, and disobeyed and denied and turned away. Come, O people, and pledge a pledge of guidance. For no, by Him who made the sky a roof held back, and the earth with wide paths as roads, you have never, after the pledge to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and the family of ʿAlī, pledged a pledge more guided than this! Then he descended, and the nobles of Kufa entered to him and pledged allegiance to him upon the Book of God, the Sunnah of the Messenger of God ﷺ, seeking vengeance for the blood of the People of the House, waging war against those who make lawful what is forbidden, defending the weak, fighting those who fight us, and making peace with those who make peace with us. Among those who pledged allegiance to him were al-Mundhir b. Ḥassān and his son Ḥassān. When they left his presence, Saʿīd b. Munqidh al-Thawrī met them with a group of the Shia. When they saw them, they said: “By God, these two are among the heads of the tyrants.” So they killed al-Mundhir and his son Ḥassān. Saʿīd tried to stop them until they took al-Mukhtār's order, but they did not desist. When al-Mukhtār heard of that, he disliked it. Al-Mukhtār began to give people hope, to attract the affection of the nobles, and to behave well. A man came to al-Mukhtār and informed him that Ibn Muṭīʿ was in the house of Abū Mūsā. He pretended not to hear his words, until he repeated it three times, each time he pretended not to hear. The man fell silent. When night came, al-Mukhtār sent Ibn Muṭīʿ one hundred thousand dirhams and said to him: “Go, for I have been told of your location”—he had been his friend before that. So Ibn Muṭīʿ went to Basra, disliking to return to ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr while he was defeated. Al-Mukhtār began to endear himself to the people through good conduct. He found in the treasury nine thousand thousand (dirhams), and he gave the soldiers who had fought with him generous stipends. He appointed ʿAbd Allāh b. Kāmil al-Shākirī over his police, and brought the nobles of the people close, so they became his companions in sitting. That distressed the clients who had supported him, and they said to Abū ʿAmra Kaysān, the client of ʿUrayna, who was over his guard: “By God, Abū Isḥāq has favored the Arabs and abandoned us.” Abū ʿAmra conveyed that to him, and he said: “Rather, they are of me and I am of them.” Then he said: “Indeed, from the criminals We will exact retribution” (al-Sajda: 22). Abū ʿAmra said to them: “Rejoice, for he will kill them and bring you near.” That pleased them, and they fell silent. Then al-Mukhtār sent the commanders to the regions, the lands, the provinces, and the rural districts of Iraq and Khurasan, and he tied the banners and the standards. He established the emirates and the governorships, and he sat for the people morning and evening, judging between them. When that became too long for him, he appointed Shurayḥ as judge. A group of the Shia spoke against Shurayḥ, saying that he had testified against Ḥujr b. ʿAdī, and that he had not conveyed from Hāniʾ b. ʿUrwa what he had sent him with, and that ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib had dismissed him from the judiciary. When that reached Shurayḥ, he feigned illness and stayed in his house. Al-Mukhtār appointed in his place ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtba b. Masʿūd, then dismissed him and appointed ʿAbd Allāh b. Mālik al-Ṭāʾī as judge.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.