Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2254
The Year 65 AH
خِلَافَةُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ بُويِعَ لَهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ فِي حَيَاةِ أَبِيهِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُوهُ فِي ثَالِثِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، أَعْنِي سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ، جُدِّدَتْ لَهُ الْبَيْعَةُ بِدِمَشْقَ وَمِصْرَ وَأَعْمَالِهَا، فَاسْتَقَرَّتْ يَدُهُ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ يَدُ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ. وهُوَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ، ?َأُمُّهُ عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ. وُلِدَ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ هُوَ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَقِيلَ: وُلِدَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَحُمِلَ بِهِ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَقَطْ، وَكَانَ أَبْيَضَ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ آدَمَ طِوَالًا كَثِيرَ الشَّعَرِ كَبِيرَ اللِّحْيَةِ وَالْعَيْنَيْنِ، مُشْرِقَ الْأَنْفِ، دَقِيقَ الْوَجْهِ، مُضَبَّبَ الْأَسْنَانِ بِالذَّهَبِ، كَانَ فَقِيهَا رَاوِيًا نَاسِكًا، يُدْعَى حَمَامَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ، شَاعِرًا. وَقَالَ نَافِعٌ: أَدْرَكْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَمَا بِهَا شَابٌّ أَنْسَكَ، وَلَا أَشَدَّ تَشْمِيرًا، وَلَا أَكْثَرَ صَلَاةً، وَلَا أَطْلَبَ لِلْعِلْمِ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ. قَالَ ابن الجوزي: اسْتَعْمَلَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ سُمِّيَ بِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ سُمِّيَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أَحْمَدَ أَبُو الْخَلِيلِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعَرُوضِيُّ. وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُقَالَ عَلَى الْمَنَابِرِ: اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ عَبْدَكَ وَخَلِيفَتَكَ، فَلَمَّا بُويِعَ لَهُ تَغَيَّرَتْ أُمُورُهُ فِي بَابِ الدِّينِ. قَالَ ابن الجوزي: وَقَدْ رَوَاهَا ثَعْلَبٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا سُلِّمَ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ كَانَ فِي حِجْرِهِ مُصْحَفٌ، فَأَطْبَقَهُ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ. وعَنْ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُجَالِسُ بَرِيرَةَ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ فِيكَ خِصَالًا، خَلِيقٌ أَنْ تَلِيَ الْأَمْرَ فَإِنْ وُلِّيتَهُ فَاتَّقِ الدِّمَاءَ؛ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُدْفَعُ عَنْ بَابِ الْجَنَّةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهَا بِمِلْءِ مِحْجَمَةٍ مِنْ دَمِ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يُرِيقُهُ". [مِنْ فَضَائِلِ وَصِفَاتِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ] قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعِجْلِيُّ: (كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ أَبْخَرَ الْفَمِ، وَإِنَّهُ وُلِدَ لِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ). وَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: (كَانَ عَابِدًا نَاسِكًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ الْخِلَافَةِ). وَقَالَ يَحْيَى الْغَسَّانِيُّ: (كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ كَثِيرًا مَا يَجْلِسُ إِلَى أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ مَرَّةً: بَلَغَنِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّكَ شَرِبْتَ الطِّلَاءَ بَعْدِ النُّسُكِ وَالْعِبَادَةِ، قَالَ: إِي وَاللَّهِ؛ وَالدِّمَاءَ قَدْ شَرِبْتُهَا). وَقَالَ نَافِعٌ: (لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَمَا بِهَا شَابٌّ أَشَدُّ تَشْمِيرًا وَلَا أَفْقَهُ وَلَا أَنْسَكُ وَلَا أَقْرَأُ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ). وَقَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: (فُقَهَاءُ الْمَدِينَةِ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ). وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: (وَلَدَ النَّاسُ أَبْنَاءً، وَوَلَدَ مَرْوَانُ أَبًا). وَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ نُسَيٍّ: قِيلَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: إِنَّكُمْ مَعْشَرَ أَشْيَاخِ قُرَيْشٍ يُوشِكُ أَنْ تَنْقَرِضُوا، فَمَنْ نَسْأَلُ بَعْدَكُمْ؟ فَقَالَ: (إِنَّ لِمَرْوَانَ ابْنًا فَقِيهَا؛ فَاسْأَلُوهُ). وَقَالَ سُحَيْمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: (دَخَلَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ وَهُوَ شَابٌّ عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - ؓ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: هَذَا يَمْلِكُ الْعَرَبَ. وَقَالَ عَبْدَةُ بْنُ رِيَاحٍ الْغَسَّانِيُّ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ الدَّرْدَاءِ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: (مَا زِلْتُ أَتَخَيَّلُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ فِيكَ مُنْذُ رَأَيْتُكَ، قَالَ: وَكَيْفَ ذَاكَ؟ قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحْسَنَ مِنْكَ مُحَدِّثًا، وَلَا أَعْلَمَ مِنْكَ مُسْتَمِعًا). وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: (مَا جَالَسْتُ أَحَدًا... إِلَّا وَجَدْتُ لِي عَلَيْهِ الْفَضْلَ إِلَّا عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ؛ فَإِنِّي مَا ذَاكَرْتُهُ حَدِيثًا... إِلَّا زَادَنِي فِيهِ، وَلَا شِعْرًا... إِلَّا زَادَنِي فِيهِ). وَقَالَ الذَّهَبِيُّ: (سَمِعَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ مِنْ: عُثْمَانَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَبَرِيرَةَ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: عُرْوَةُ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ، وَرَجَاءُ بْنُ حَيْوَةَ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَرَبِيعَةُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَحَرِيزُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَطَائِفَةٌ). وَقَالَ بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ: (أَسْلَمَ يَهُودِيٌّ اسْمُهُ يُوسُفُ، وَكَانَ قَرَأَ الْكُتُبَ، فَمَرَّ بِدَارِ مَرْوَانَ فَقَالَ: وَيْلٌ لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الدَّارِ!! فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِلَى مَتَى؟ قَالَ: حَتَّى تَجِيءَ رَايَاتٌ سُودٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ خُرَاسَانَ. وَكَانَ صَدِيقًا لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، فَضَرَبَ يَوْمًا عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ وَقَالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِي أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِذَا مَلَكْتَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: دَعْنِي وَيْحَكَ!! مَا شَأْنِي وَشَأْنُ ذَلِكَ؟! فَقَالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ. قَالَ: وَجَهَّزَ يَزِيدُ جَيْشًا إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ، أَيَبْعَثُ إِلَى حَرَمِ اللَّهِ؟! فَضَرَبَ يُوسُفُ مَنْكِبَهُ وَقَالَ: جَيْشُكَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَعْظَمُ). وَقَالَ يَحْيَى الْغَسَّانِيُّ: (لَمَّا نَزَلَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ... دَخَلْتُ مَسْجِدَ النَّبِيِّ – ﷺ فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ لِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: أَمِنْ هَذَا الْجَيْشِ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ!! أَتَدْرِي إِلَى مَنْ تَسِيرُ؟ إِلَى أَوَّلِ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَإِلَى ابْنِ حَوَارِيِّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، وَإِلَى ابْنِ ذَاتِ النِّطَاقَيْنِ، وَإِلَى مَنْ حَنَّكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ جِئْتَهُ نَهَارًا... وَجَدْتَهُ صَائِمًا، وَلَئِنْ جِئْتَهُ لَيْلًا... لَتَجِدَنَّهُ قَائِمًا، فَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ أَطْبَقُوا عَلَى قَتْلِهِ... لَأَكَبَّهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فِي النَّارِ. فَلَمَّا صَارَتِ الْخِلَافَةُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ... وَجَّهَنَا مَعَ الْحَجَّاجِ حَتَّى قَتَلْنَاهُ). وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ: (أَفْضَى الْأَمْرُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَالْمُصْحَفُ فِي حِجْرِهِ، فَأَطْبَقَهُ وَقَالَ: هَذَا آخِرُ الْعَهْدِ بِكَ). [ أَوَّلِيَّاتِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ] وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: (سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَلَّى فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَا بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ: عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ وَفِتْيَانٌ مَعَهُ، كَانُوا إِذَا صَلَّى الْإِمَامُ الظُّهْرَ... قَامُوا فَصَلُّوا إِلَى الْعَصْرِ، فَقِيلَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: لَوْ قُمْنَا فَصَلَّيْنَا كَمَا يُصَلِّي هَؤُلَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: لَيْسَتِ الْعِبَادَةُ بِكَثْرَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَالصَّوْمِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْعِبَادَةُ التَّفَكُّرُ فِي أَمْرِ اللَّهِ، وَالْوَرَعُ عَنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ). وَقَالَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: (أَوَّلُ مَنْ سُمِّيَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ: عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ). وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ: (سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا يَقُولُ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ ضَرَبَ الدَّنَانِيرَ: عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْقُرْآنَ). وَقَالَ مُصْعَبٌ: (كَتَبَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى الدَّنَانِيرِ: { قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ } وَفِي الْوَجْهِ الْآخَرِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَطَوَّقَهُ بِطَوْقٍ فِضَّةٍ، وَكَتَبَ فِيهِ: ضُرِبَ بِمَدِينَةِ كَذَا، وَكَتَبَ خَارِجَ الطَّوْقِ: مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ). وَفِي «الْأَوَائِلِ» لِلْعَسْكَرِيِّ بِسَنَدِهِ: (كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ أَوَّلَ مَنْ كَتَبَ فِي صُدُورِ الطَّوَامِيرِ : { قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ } وَذَكَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَعَ التَّارِيخِ، فَكَتَبَ مَلِكُ الرُّومِ: إِنَّكُمْ قَدْ أَحْدَثْتُمْ فِي طَوَامِيرِكُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذِكْرِ نَبِيِّكُمْ فَاتْرُكُوهُ، وَإِلَّا... أَتَاكُمْ مِنْ دَنَانِيرِنَا ذِكْرُ مَا تَكْرَهُونَ، فَعَظُمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَشَاوَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: حَرِّمْ دَنَانِيرَهُمْ وَاضْرِبْ لِلنَّاسِ سِكَكًا فِيهَا ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ وَذِكْرُ رَسُولِهِ، وَلَا تُعْفِهِمْ مِمَّا يَكْرَهُونَ فِي الطَّوَامِيرِ. فَضَرَبَ الدَّنَانِيرَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ. قَالَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ: (وَأَوَّلُ خَلِيفَةٍ بَخِلَ: عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَانَ يُسَمَّى: رَشْحُ الْحِجَارَةِ؛ لِبُخْلِهِ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا الذِّبَّانِ، لِبَخَرِهِ). قَالَ: (وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ غَدَرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ نَهَى عَنِ الْكَلَامِ بِحَضْرَةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ نَهَى عَنِ الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ). ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَ بِسَنَدِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ قَالَ: (كَانَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ وَلَّى الْعَهْدَ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِي بَعْدَ ابْنِهِ، فَقَتَلَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَانَ قَتْلُهُ أَوَّلَ غَدْرٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ)، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: يَا قَوْمِ لَا تَغْلِبُوا عَنْ رَأْيِكُمْ فَلَقَدْ جَرَّبْتُمُ الْغَدْرَ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ مَرْوَانَا أَمْسَوْا وَقَدْ قَتَلُوا عَمْرًا وَمَا رَشَدُوا يَدْعُونَ غَدْرًا بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ كَيْسَانَا وَيَقْتُلُونَ الرِّجَالَ الْبُزْلَ ضَاحِيَةً لِكَيْ يُوَلُّوا أُمُورَ النَّاسِ وِلْدَانَا تَلَاعَبُوا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَاتَّخَذُوا هَوَاهُمُ فِي مَعَاصِي اللَّهِ قُرْآنًا وَأُخْرِجَ بِإِسْنَادٍ فِيهِ الْكُدَيْمِيُّ - وَهُوَ مُتَّهَمٌ بِالْكَذِبِ - عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَامَ حَجَّ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ، فَقَالَ بَعْدَ حَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَالثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ: (أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَلَسْتُ بِالْخَلِيفَةِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِ - يَعْنِي: عُثْمَانَ - وَلَا الْخَلِيفَةِ الْمُدَاهِنِ - يَعْنِي: مُعَاوِيَةَ - وَلَا الْخَلِيفَةِ الْمَأْفُونِ - يَعْنِي: يَزِيدَ - أَلَا وَإِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلِي مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ كَانُوا يَأْكُلُونَ وَيُطْعِمُونَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ، أَلَا وَإِنِّي لَا أُدَاوِي أَدْوَاءَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى تَسْتَقِيمَ لِي قَنَاتُكُمْ، تُكَلِّفُونَا أَعْمَالَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَلَا تَعْمَلُونَ مِثْلَ أَعْمَالِهِمْ؟! فَلَنْ تَزْدَادُوا إِلَّا عُقُوبَةً حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ السَّيْفُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ. هَذَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَرَابَتُهُ، وَمَوْضِعُهُ مَوْضِعُهُ، قَالَ بِرَأْسِهِ هَكَذَا، فَقُلْنَا بِأَسْيَافِنَا هَكَذَا، أَلَا وَإِنَّا نَحْمِلُ لَكُمْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ، إِلَّا وُثُوبًا عَلَى مِنْبَرٍ، أَوْ نَصْبَ رَايَةٍ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ الْجَامِعَةَ الَّتِي جَعَلْتُهَا فِي عُنُقِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عِنْدِي، وَاللَّهِ لَا يَفْعَلُ أَحَدٌ فِعْلَهُ إِلَّا جَعَلْتُهَا فِي عُنُقِهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يَأْمُرُنِي أَحَدٌ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ بَعْدَ مَقَامِي هَذَا.. إِلَّا ضَرَبْتُ عُنُقَهُ) ثُمَّ نَزَلَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ: (وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ أَوَّلُ مَنْ نَقَلَ الدِّيوَانَ مِنَ الْفَارِسِيَّةِ إِلَى الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ). قُلْتُ: فَتَمَّتْ لَهُ عَشْرَةٌ أَوَائِلُ؛ مِنْهَا خَمْسَةٌ مَذْمُومَةٌ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي «الْمُصَنَّفَ» بِسَنَدِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: (أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ الْأَذَانَ فِي الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى: بَنُو مَرْوَانَ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ، أَوْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَوْلَادِهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: (أَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ: أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ كَسَا الْكَعْبَةَ الدِّيبَاجَ: عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَإِنَّ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ قَالُوا: أَصَابَ، مَا نَعْلَمُ لَهَا مِنْ كِسْوَةٍ أَوْفَقُ مِنْهُ). وَقَالَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ: (كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِذَا قَعَدَ لِلْحُكْمِ... قُيِّمَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ بِالسُّيُوفِ). وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: (قِيلَ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ عَجِلَ عَلَيْكَ الشَّيْبُ؟ فَقَالَ: وَكَيْفَ لَا؛ وَأَنَا أَعْرِضُ عَقْلِي عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ؟!). وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ: (قِيلَ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ: مَنْ أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: مَنْ تَوَاضَعَ عَنْ رِفْعَةٍ، وَزَهِدَ عَنْ قُدْرَةٍ، وَأَنْصَفَ عَنْ قُوَّةٍ). [أَعْفِنِي مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ وَقُلْ مَا شِئْتَ] وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَائِشَةَ: (كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أُفُقٍ مِنَ الْآفَاقِ.. قَالَ: أَعْفِنِي مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ، وَقُلْ بَعْدَهَا مَا شِئْتَ: لَا تَكْذِبْنِي؛ فَإِنَّ الْكَذُوبَ لَا رَأْيَ لَهُ، وَلَا تُجِبْنِي فِيمَا لَا أَسْأَلُكَ؛ فَإِنَّ فِيمَا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ شُغُلًا، وَلَا تُطْرِنِي، فَإِنِّي أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِي مِنْكَ، وَلَا تَحْمِلْنِي عَلَى الرَّعِيَّةِ؛ فَإِنِّي إِلَى الرِّفْقِ بِهِمْ أَحْوَجُ). [احْتِضَارُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَوَصِيَّتُهُ] وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: (لَمَّا أَيْقَنَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بِالْمَوْتِ.. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ؛ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي كُنْتُ مُنْذُ وُلِدْتُ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا حَمَّالًا. ثُمَّ أَوْصَى بَنِيهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْفُرْقَةِ وَالِاخْتِلَافِ، وَقَالَ: كُونُوا بَنِي أُمٍّ بَرَرَةً، وَكُونُوا فِي الْحَرْبِ أَحْرَارًا، وَلِلْمَعْرُوفِ مَنَارًا، فَإِنَّ الْحَرْبَ لَمْ تُدْنِ مَنِيَّةً قَبْلَ وَقْتِهَا، وَإِنَّ الْمَعْرُوفَ يَبْقَى أَجْرُهُ وَذِكْرُهُ، وَاحْلَوْا فِي مَرَارَةٍ، وَلِينُوا فِي شِدَّةٍ، وَكُونُوا كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الشَّيْبَانِيُّ: إِنَّ الْقِدَاحَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعْنَ فَرَامَهَا بِالْكَسْرِ ذُو حَنَقٍ وَبَطْشٍ بِالْيَدِ عَزَّتْ فَلَمْ تُكْسَرْ، وَإِنْ هِيَ بُدِّدَتْ فَالْكَسْرُ وَالتَّوْهِينُ لِلْمُتَبَدِّدِ يَا وَلِيدُ؛ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِيمَا أَخْلَفَكَ فِيهِ... إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: وَانْظُرِ الْحَجَّاجَ فَأَكْرِمْهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي وَطَأَ لَكُمُ الْمَنَابِرَ، وَهُوَ سَيْفُكَ يَا وَلِيدُ، وَيَدُكَ عَلَى مَنْ نَاوَأَكَ، فَلَا تَسْمَعَنَّ فِيهِ قَوْلَ أَحَدٍ، وَأَنْتَ إِلَيْهِ أَحْوَجُ مِنْهُ إِلَيْكَ، وَادْعُ النَّاسَ إِذَا مُتَّ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ، فَمَنْ قَالَ بِرَأْسِهِ هَكَذَا... فَقُلْ بِسَيْفِكَ هَكَذَا). وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: (لَمَّا احْتُضِرَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ... دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُهُ الْوَلِيدُ، فَتَمَثَّلَ: كَمْ عَائِدٍ رَجُلًا وَلَيْسَ يَعُودُهُ إِلَّا لِيَعْلَمَ هَلْ يَرَاهُ يَمُوتُ فَبَكَى الْوَلِيدُ، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا؟! أَتَحِنُّ حَنِينَ الْأَمَةِ؟! إِذَا مُتُّ... فَشَمِّرْ وَأْتَزِرْ، وَالْبَسْ جِلْدَ النَّمِرِ، وَضَعْ سَيْفَكَ عَلَى عَاتِقِكَ، فَمَنْ أَبْدَى ذَاتَ نَفْسِهِ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ، وَمَنْ سَكَتَ... مَاتَ بِدَائِهِ). قُلْتُ: لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ مَسَاوِئِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ إِلَّا الْحَجَّاجُ وَتَوْلِيَتُهُ إِيَّاهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَى الصَّحَابَةِ، يُهِينُهُمْ وَيُذِلُّهُمْ قَتْلًا وَضَرْبًا، وَشَتْمًا وَحَبْسًا، وَقَدْ قَتَلَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَأَكَابِرِ التَّابِعِينَ مَا لَا يُحْصَى فَضْلًا عَنْ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَخَتَمَ فِي عُنُقِ أَنَسٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ خَتْمًا، يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ ذُلَّهُمْ، فَلَا رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَلَا عَفَا عَنْهُ. وَمِنْ شِعْرِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: لَعَمْرِي لَقَدْ عُمِّرْتُ فِي الدَّهْرِ بُرْهَةً وَدَانَتْ لِيَ الدُّنْيَا بِوَقْعِ الْبَوَاتِرِ فَأَضْحَى الَّذِي قَدْ كَانَ مِمَّا يَسُرُّنِي كَلَمْحٍ مَضَى فِي الْمُزْمِنَاتِ الْغَوَابِرِ فَيَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُعْنَ فِي الْمُلْكِ سَاعَةً وَلَمْ أَلْهُ فِي اللَّذَّاتِ عَيْشَ نَوَاضِرِ وَكُنْتُ كَذِي طِمْرَيْنِ عَاشَ بِبُلْغَةٍ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ حَتَّى زَارَ ضَنْكَ الْمَقَابِرِ [شِدَّةُ تَصَبُّرِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ] وَفِي «تَارِيخِ ابْنِ عَسَاكِرَ»: عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: (رَأَيْتُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ وَأَتَتْهُ أُمُورٌ أَرْبَعَةٌ فِي لَيْلَةٍ، فَمَا تَنَكَّرَ وَلَا تَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُهُ: قَتْلُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، بِالْعِرَاقِ وَقَتْلُ حُبَيْشِ بْنِ دُلْجَةَ بِالْحِجَازِ، وَانْتِقَاضُ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَلِكِ الرُّومِ، وَخُرُوجُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ). وَفِيهِ عَنِ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ قَالَ: (أَرْبَعَةٌ لَمْ يَلْحَنُوا فِي جِدٍّ وَلَا هَزْلٍ: الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَابْنُ الْقَرْيَةِ). [قِسْمَةُ تَرِكَةٍ وَالنَّصِيبُ دِينَارٌ وَاحِدٌ] وَأَسْنَدَ السَّلَفِيُّ فِي «الطُّيُورِيَّاتِ»: (أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ خَرَجَ يَوْمًا فَلَقِيَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَ: مَا شَأْنُكِ؟ قَالَتْ: تُوُفِّيَ أَخِي وَتَرَكَ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، فَدُفِعَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ دِينَارٌ وَاحِدٌ، فَقِيلَ: هَذَا حَقُّكِ، فَعَمِيَ الْأَمْرُ فِيهَا عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الشَّعْبِيِّ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، هَذَا تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلْثَانِ أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَأُمًّا فَلَهَا السُّدْسُ مِائَةٌ، وَزَوْجَةٌ فَلَهَا الثَّمَنُ خَمْسَةٌ وَسَبْعُونَ، وَاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَخًا فَلَهُمْ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ، وَبَقِيَ لِهَذِهِ دِينَارٌ). [مَيْزَاتٌ فِي الْجَوَارِي] وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي «الْمُصَنَّفِ» بسنده قَالَ: (قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ: مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ جَارِيَةً لِلتَّلَذُّذِ... فَلْيَتَّخِذْهَا بَرْبَرِيَّةً، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَهَا لِلْوَلَدِ.. فَلْيَتَّخِذْهَا فَارِسِيَّةً، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَهَا لِلْخِدْمَةِ... فَلْيَتَّخِذْهَا رُومِيَّةً). [الْأَخْطَلُ هُوَ شَاعِرُ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ] وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: (لَمَّا أَنْشَدَ الْأَخْطَلُ كَلِمَتَهُ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الَّتِي يَقُولُ فِيهَا: شَمْسُ الْعَدَاوَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَقَادَ لَهُمْ وَأَعْظَمُ النَّاسِ أَحْلَامًا إِذَا قَدَرُوا قَالَ: خُذْ بِيَدِهِ يَا غُلَامُ فَأَخْرِجْهُ، ثُمَّ أَلْقِ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْخُلَعِ مَا يَغْمُرُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ شَاعِرًا، وَإِنَّ شَاعِرَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ الْأَخْطَلُ). وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: دَخَلَ الْأَخْطَلُ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ! صِفْ لِي السُّكَّرَ، قَالَ: أَوَّلُهُ لَذَّةٌ، وَآخِرُهُ صُدَاعٌ، وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَاعَةٌ لَا أَصِفُ لَكَ مَبْلَغَهَا، فَقَالَ: مَا مَبْلَغُهَا؟ قَالَ: لَمُلْكُكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ شِسْعِ نَعْلِي، وَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا مَا نَدِيمِي عَلَّنِي ثُمَّ عَلَّنِي ثَلَاثَ زُجَاجَاتٍ لَهُنَّ هَدِيرُ خَرَجْتُ أَجُرُّ الذَّيْلَ مِنِّي كَأَنَّنِي عَلَيْكَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَمِيرُ قَالَ الثَّعَالِبِيُّ: (كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ يَقُولُ: وُلِدْتُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَفُطِمْتُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَخَتَمْتُ الْقُرْآنَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَبَلَغْتُ الْحُلُمَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَوُلِّيتُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَأَتَتْنِي الْخِلَافَةُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَأَخْشَى أَنْ أَمُوتَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ شَوَّالُ وَأَمِنَ... مَاتَ).
Translation
✧ The Caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān He was pledged allegiance as caliph during his father's lifetime, and when his father died on the third of Ramaḍān of this year – I mean the year sixty-five – the pledge of allegiance was renewed for him in Damascus and Egypt and their districts, and his hand became firmly established over what his father's hand had been upon. He is ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayyah b. ʿAbd Shams, and he was given the kunyah Abū al-Walīd. His mother was ʿĀʾishah bt. Muʿāwiyah b. al-Mughīrah b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ. He was born in the year twenty-six, he and Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah. It was also said: He was born in the year twenty-four, and he was carried in the womb for only six months, and he was fair-skinned. It was also said: He was dark-complexioned, tall, with abundant hair, a large beard and large eyes, a prominent nose, a thin face, and his teeth were bound with gold. He was a jurist, a transmitter of reports, and an ascetic. He used to be called 'the dove of the mosque,' and he was a poet. Nāfiʿ said: I reached Madinah when there was no young man in it more devout, more diligent, more given to prayer, or more eager for knowledge than ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān. Ibn al-Jawzī said: Muʿāwiyah appointed him over Madinah when he was sixteen years old. The first person to be named ʿAbd al-Malik was ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, and the first person to be named Aḥmad in Islam was Abū al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-ʿArūḍī. ʿAbd al-Malik was the first to command that it be said from the pulpits: 'O Allah, set aright Your servant and Your caliph.' When he was pledged allegiance, his affairs changed in matters of religion. Ibn al-Jawzī said: Thaʿlab related it from Ibn al-Zaʿfarānī, who said: When ʿAbd al-Malik was greeted with the caliphate, there was a muṣḥaf in his lap, so he closed it and said: 'This is a parting between me and you.' From ʿAbd al-Khāliq b. Zayd b. Wāqid, from his father, who said: ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān narrated to me, saying: I used to sit with Barīrah, and she said: 'You have qualities that make you worthy of assuming authority. If you are given it, then fear shedding blood, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "A man will indeed be turned away from the gate of Paradise after having looked at it, on account of a cupping-glass full of blood of a Muslim that he shed."' [On the Virtues and Qualities of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān] Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿIjlī said: (ʿAbd al-Malik had a foul odor in his mouth, and he was born after six months). Ibn Saʿd said: (He was a devoted worshiper and ascetic in Madinah before the caliphate). Yaḥyā al-Ghassānī said: (ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān often sat with Umm al-Dardāʾ. She said to him once: 'It has reached me, O Commander of the Faithful, that you drank ṭilāʾ after your devotion and worship.' He said: 'Yes, by Allah; and blood too I have drunk.') Nāfiʿ said: (I saw Madinah when there was no young man in it more diligent, more knowledgeable in fiqh, more devout, or more given to reciting the Book of Allah than ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān). Abū al-Zinād said: (The jurists of Madinah were: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, and Qabīṣah b. Dhuʾayb). Ibn ʿUmar said: (People gave birth to sons, and Marwān gave birth to a father). ʿUbādah b. Nusayy said: It was said to Ibn ʿUmar: 'You elders of Quraysh are on the verge of passing away. Whom shall we ask after you?' He said: (Marwān has a son who is a jurist; ask him). Suḥaym, the mawlā of Abū Hurayrah, said: (ʿAbd al-Malik entered, as a young man, upon Abū Hurayrah ؓ, and Abū Hurayrah said: 'This one will rule the Arabs.') ʿAbdah b. Riyāḥ al-Ghassānī said: Umm al-Dardāʾ said to ʿAbd al-Malik: (I have kept imagining this affair for you ever since I saw you). He said: 'And how is that?' She said: 'I have seen no one better than you as a speaker, nor more knowledgeable than you as a listener.') Al-Shaʿbī said: (I never sat with anyone... without finding that I had some merit over him, except ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān; for whenever I discussed a ḥadīth with him... he would add to it for me, nor any poetry... but he would add to it for me). Al-Dhahabī said: (ʿAbd al-Malik heard from: ʿUthmān, Abū Hurayrah, Abū Saʿīd, Umm Salamah, Barīrah, Ibn ʿUmar, and Muʿāwiyah. Narrated from him: ʿUrwah, Khālid b. Maʿdān, Rajāʾ b. Ḥaywah, al-Zuhrī, Yūnus b. Maysarah, Rabīʿah b. Yazīd, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUbayd Allāh, Ḥarīz b. ʿUthmān, and a group). Bakr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Muzanī said: (A Jew named Yūsuf embraced Islam, and he had read the scriptures. He passed by the house of Marwān and said: 'Woe to the community of Muḥammad from the people of this house!' I said to him: 'Until when?' He said: 'Until black banners come from the direction of Khurāsān.' He was a friend of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, and one day he struck him on the shoulder and said: 'Fear Allah concerning the community of Muḥammad if you come to rule them.' He said: 'Leave me, woe to you! What have I to do with that?' He said: 'Fear Allah concerning their affair.' He said: Yazīd equipped an army against the people of Makkah, and ʿAbd al-Malik said: 'I seek refuge with Allah! Will he send an army against the sanctuary of Allah?' Yūsuf struck his shoulder and said: 'Your army against them will be even greater.') Yaḥyā al-Ghassānī said: (When Muslim b. ʿUqbah camped at Madinah... I entered the mosque of the Prophet ﷺ and sat beside ʿAbd al-Malik. ʿAbd al-Malik said to me: 'Are you from this army?' I said: 'Yes.' He said: 'May your mother be bereft of you! Do you know against whom you are marching? Against the first child born in Islam, against the son of the disciple of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, against the son of the woman of the two girdles, against the one whose palate the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rubbed with a date. By Allah, if you come to him by day... you will find him fasting, and if you come to him by night... you will find him standing in prayer. If the people of the earth all agreed to kill him... Allah would cast them all headlong into the Fire.' Then when the caliphate passed to ʿAbd al-Malik... he dispatched us with al-Ḥajjāj until we killed him). Ibn Abī ʿĀʾishah said: (Authority passed to ʿAbd al-Malik while the muṣḥaf was in his lap, and he closed it and said: 'This is the last of my commitment to you'). [Firsts of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān] Mālik said: (I heard Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd say: The first person to pray in the mosque between ẓuhr and ʿaṣr was ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān and some young men with him. When the imam prayed ẓuhr... they would stand and pray until ʿaṣr. It was said to Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab: 'Should we stand and pray as these people pray?' Saʿīd said: 'Worship is not by much prayer and fasting. Worship is reflection upon the command of Allah and scrupulous avoidance of what Allah has forbidden.') Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh said: (The first person to be named ʿAbd al-Malik in Islam was ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān). Yaḥyā b. Bukayr said: (I heard Mālik say: The first person to mint dīnārs was ʿAbd al-Malik, and he inscribed the Qurʾān on them). Muṣʿab said: (ʿAbd al-Malik inscribed on the dīnārs: {Say: He is Allah, the One} and on the other side: There is no god but Allah, and he surrounded it with a silver ring, and he wrote in it: Struck in the city of such-and-such, and he wrote outside the ring: Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah; He sent him with guidance and the religion of truth). And in al-ʿAskarī's 'al-Awāʾil' with his chain of transmission: (ʿAbd al-Malik was the first to write at the beginning of scrolls: {Say: He is Allah, the One} and to mention the Prophet ﷺ along with the date. The king of Byzantium wrote: 'You have introduced something new in your scrolls by mentioning your Prophet, so abandon it; otherwise... there will come to you from our dīnārs a mention of what you dislike.' That weighed heavily upon ʿAbd al-Malik, so he sent to Khālid b. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah and consulted him. He said: 'Forbid their dīnārs and mint for the people coins containing the mention of Allah and the mention of His Messenger, and do not exempt them from what they dislike in the scrolls.' So he minted the dīnārs in the year seventy-five. Al-ʿAskarī said: (The first caliph to be miserly was ʿAbd al-Malik, and he was called 'sweat of the stones' because of his miserliness, and he was given the kunyah Abū al-Dhibbān because of his halitosis). He said: (He was the first to act treacherously in Islam, the first to forbid speaking in the presence of caliphs, and the first to forbid enjoining what is right). Then he cited with his chain from Ibn al-Kalbī, who said: (Marwān b. al-Ḥakam had given the succession after his son to ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and ʿAbd al-Malik killed him. His killing was the first act of treachery in Islam). One of them said: O people, do not be overcome in your judgment, for you have experienced treachery from the sons of Marwān; they have become as those who killed ʿAmr and did not prosper. They call treachery by the covenant of Allah 'Kaysān'; and they kill mature men in open daylight, so that they may appoint boys to rule over people's affairs; they toyed with the Book of Allah and took their whims in disobeying Allah as a Qurʾān. And it was cited with a chain containing al-Kudaymī – and he is accused of lying – from Ibn Jurayj, from his father, who said: ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān addressed us in Madinah after the killing of Ibn al-Zubayr in the year he performed ḥajj, in the year seventy-five. He said after praising and extolling Allah: (Now then: I am not the weak caliph – meaning ʿUthmān – nor the flattering caliph – meaning Muʿāwiyah – nor the deficient caliph – meaning Yazīd. Indeed, those caliphs before me used to eat and feed others from these funds. Indeed, I will not treat the diseases of this community except with the sword until your ranks are straightened for me. You impose upon us the deeds of the early Emigrants, yet you do not perform the like of their deeds! You will only increase in punishment until the sword judges between us and you. This is ʿAmr b. Saʿīd, whose kinship and position were as they were. He moved his head like this, so we said with our swords like this. Indeed, we shall bear from you everything except a leap upon a pulpit or the raising of a banner. Indeed, the iron collar that I placed on the neck of ʿAmr b. Saʿīd is with me. By Allah, if anyone does as he did, I shall place it on his neck. By Allah, no one shall command me to fear Allah after this station of mine... except that I strike his neck.) Then he descended. Then al-ʿAskarī said: (ʿAbd al-Malik was the first to transfer the dīwān from Persian to Arabic, and the first to raise his hands on the pulpit). I say: Thus ten 'firsts' were completed for him; among them five are blameworthy. Ibn Abī Shaybah cited in 'al-Muṣannaf' with his chain from Muḥammad b. Sīrīn, who said: (The first people to introduce the adhān on the two festivals of Fiṭr and Aḍḥā were the Banū Marwān; it may have been ʿAbd al-Malik or one of his sons). ʿAbd al-Razzāq cited from Ibn Jurayj, who said: (More than one person informed me: The first person to clothe the Kaʿbah with brocade was ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, and those jurists who lived to see that said: He did right; we know of no covering more suitable for it than that). Yūsuf b. al-Mājishūn said: (When ʿAbd al-Malik sat in judgment... men stood at his head with swords). Al-Aṣmaʿī said: (It was said to ʿAbd al-Malik: 'O Commander of the Faithful, gray hair has come upon you quickly.' He said: 'And how should it not, when I display my intellect before the people every Friday?!') Muḥammad b. Ḥarb al-Ziyādī said: (It was said to ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān: 'Who is the most excellent of people?' He said: 'He who humbles himself despite high rank, abstains despite ability, and acts justly despite power.' [Spare me four things and say what you will] Ibn ʿĀʾishah said: (When a man from any horizon of the horizons entered upon ʿAbd al-Malik... he would say: Spare me four things, and after that say what you will: do not lie to me, for a liar has no sound judgment; do not answer me concerning what I do not ask you, for in what I ask you there is enough occupation; do not flatter me, for I know myself better than you do; and do not incite me against the subjects, for I am more in need of gentleness toward them). [The death agony of ʿAbd al-Malik and his testament] Al-Madāʾinī said: (When ʿAbd al-Malik became certain of death... he said: By Allah, I wish that from the day I was born until this day of mine I had been a porter. Then he enjoined his sons to fear Allah, and he forbade them from division and disagreement, and said: Be sons of a devoted mother, be free men in war and beacons of good, for war does not bring death before its appointed time, and good deeds endure in reward and remembrance. Be sweet amid bitterness, and gentle amid severity, and be as Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā al-Shaybānī said: When arrow shafts are gathered together and a rancorous, mighty-handed man seeks to break them, they prove strong and are not broken; but if they are scattered, then breaking and weakening befall the scattered one. O Walīd; fear Allah concerning what He has made you successor over... until he said: And look to al-Ḥajjāj and honor him, for he is the one who paved the pulpits for you, and he is your sword, O Walīd, and your hand against whoever opposes you. Do not listen to anyone's word about him, for you are in greater need of him than he of you. And summon the people, when I die, to the pledge of allegiance; whoever moves his head like this... then say with your sword like this). Others said: (When ʿAbd al-Malik was dying... his son al-Walīd entered upon him, and he recited: How many a visitor visits a man, yet does not visit him, except to see whether he is dying. Al-Walīd wept, and he said: 'What is this?! Do you whimper like a slave girl?! When I die... then gird yourself and wrap your lower garment, put on the skin of a leopard, place your sword on your shoulder. Whoever shows his inner self, strike his neck; and whoever remains silent... dies of his disease.') I say: If ʿAbd al-Malik had no other misdeeds than al-Ḥajjāj and his appointing him over the Muslims and over the Companions, humiliating them and abasing them by killing, beating, reviling, and imprisoning – for he killed of the Companions and the leading Successors an innumerable number, let alone others, and he branded the neck of Anas and others among the Companions with a brand, intending thereby their humiliation – then may Allah not have mercy on him nor pardon him. Among the poetry of ʿAbd al-Malik: By my life, I lived for a time in this world, and the world was subdued to me by the fall of sharp swords. And what once delighted me has become like a glance that passed among bygone, ancient times. Would that I had not been occupied with kingship for even an hour, nor taken pleasure in the delights of a flourishing life. Would that I had been like one in two worn garments, living on bare sufficiency from the world until he came to the narrowness of the graves. [The great steadfastness of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān] And in 'Tārīkh Ibn ʿAsākir': From Ibrāhīm b. ʿAdī, who said: (I saw ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān when four matters came to him in one night, and his face did not change or alter: the killing of ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād in Iraq, the killing of Ḥubaysh b. Duljah in the Ḥijāz, the breach of what was between him and the king of Byzantium, and the rising of ʿAmr b. Saʿīd against Damascus). And in it from al-Aṣmaʿī, who said: (Four men never made grammatical errors in seriousness or jest: al-Shaʿbī, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf, and Ibn al-Qiriyyah). [The division of an estate and a share of one dīnār] Al-Salafī related in “al-Ṭuyūriyyāt”: (ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān went out one day and a woman met him and said: O Commander of the Faithful, he said: What is your affair? She said: My brother died and left six hundred dinars, and one dinar of his inheritance was handed to me, and it was said: This is your due. The matter became unclear to ʿAbd al-Malik, so he sent to al-Shaʿbī and asked him. He said: Yes, this one died and left two daughters, so they have two-thirds: four hundred dinars; and a mother, so she has one-sixth: one hundred; and a wife, so she has one-eighth: seventy-five; and twelve brothers, so they have twenty-four; and one dinar remained for this one). [Qualities in slave-girls] Ibn Abī Shaybah said in “al-Muṣannaf” with his chain: (ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān said: Whoever wants to take a slave-girl for pleasure... let him take a Berber one; whoever wants to take her for offspring... let him take a Persian one; whoever wants to take her for service... let him take a Byzantine one). [Al-Akhṭal is the poet of the Umayyads] Abū ʿUbaydah said: (When al-Akhṭal recited to ʿAbd al-Malik his ode in which he says: Sun of enmity until retaliation is taken for them, and greatest of people in forbearance when they have power— he said: Take his hand, O boy, and give him a robe of honor that covers him, then he said: Every people has a poet, and the poet of the Umayyads is al-Akhṭal). Al-Aṣmaʿī said: Al-Akhṭal entered upon ʿAbd al-Malik, and he said: Woe to you! Describe drunkenness to me. He said: Its beginning is pleasure, its end is headache, and between that is an hour whose extent I cannot describe to you. He said: What is its extent? He said: Your dominion, O Commander of the Faithful, is lighter to me than the strap of my sandal, and he began to recite: When my boon companion has given me to drink, then given me to drink again, three glasses that roar, I go out trailing my train as if I, O Commander of the Faithful, am a commander over you. Al-Thaʿālibī said: (ʿAbd al-Malik used to say: I was born in Ramadan, was weaned in Ramadan, completed the Qurʾan in Ramadan, reached puberty in Ramadan, was appointed in Ramadan, the caliphate came to me in Ramadan, and I fear that I may die in Ramadan. Then when Shawwāl entered and he felt safe... he died).
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.