Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2234
The Year 64 AH
خِلَافَةُ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ؓ [64 - 73 هـ] عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصَيٍّ الْأَسَدِيُّ، كُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَقِيلَ: أَبُو خُبَيْبٍ - بِضَمِّ الْخَاءِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ - وَقِيلَ: أَبُو بُكَيْرٍ، صَحَابِيُّ ابْنُ صَحَابِيٍّ. أَبُوهُ أَحَدُ الْعَشْرَةِ الْمَشْهُودِ لَهُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَأُمُّهُ: أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ، وَأُمُّ أَبِيهِ: صَفِيَّةُ عَمَّةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وُلِدَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ عِشْرِينَ شَهْرًا مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَقِيلَ: فِي السَّنَةِ الْأُولَى، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَوْلُودٍ وُلِدَ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَفَرِحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِوِلَادَتِهِ فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْيَهُودَ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: سَحَرْنَاهُمْ فَلَا يُولَدُ لَهُمْ وَلَدٌ، فَحَنَّكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَمْرَةٍ لَاكَهَا، وَسَمَّاهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، وَكَنَّاهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، بِاسْمِ جَدِّهِ الصِّدِّيقِ وَكُنْيَتِهِ. وَكَانَ صَوَّامًا قَوَّامًا طَوِيلَ الصَّلَاةِ، وَصُولًا لِلرَّحِمِ، عَظِيمَ الشَّجَاعَةِ، قَسَّمَ الدَّهْرَ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ: لَيْلَةً يُصَلِّي قَائِمًا حَتَّى الصَّبَاحِ، وَلَيْلَةً رَاكِعًا، وَلَيْلَةً سَاجِدًا حَتَّى الصَّبَاحِ. رُوِيَ لَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ حَدِيثًا. رَوَى عَنْهُ: أَخُوهُ عُرْوَةُ، وَابْنُ أَبِي مَلِيكَةَ، وَعَبَّاسُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ، وَعَطَاءٌ، وَعُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ، وَخَلَائِقُ آخَرُونَ. [ذِكْرُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ فَضَائِلِ سَيِّدِنَا ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ؓ ] أَخْرَجَ أَبُو يَعْلَى فِي «مُسْنَدِهِ» عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ احْتَجَمَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ... قَالَ لَهُ: «يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ؛ اذْهَبْ بِهَذَا الدَّمِ فَأَهْرِقْهُ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَاكَ أَحَدٌ»، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ... شَرِبَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ قَالَ: «مَا صَنَعْتَ بِالدَّمِ» ؟ قَالَ: عَمَدْتُ إِلَى أَخْفَى مَوْضِعٍ عَمَلْتُ فَجَعَلْتُهُ فِيهِ، قَالَ: «لَعَلَّكَ شَرِبْتَهُ»، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «وَيْلٌ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْكَ، وَوَيْلٌ لَكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ!» فَكَانُوا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الَّتِي بِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدَّمِ. وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ نَوْفٍ الْبِكَالِيِّ قَالَ: (إِنِّي لَأَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ الْمُنَزَّلِ: أَنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَارِسُ الْخُلَفَاءِ). وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: (مَا رَأَيْتُ مُصَلِّيًا أَحْسَنَ صَلَاةً مِنَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ). وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي الْحِجْرِ، وَالْمَنْجَنِيقُ يُصِيبُ طَرْفَ ثَوْبِهِ فَمَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: (مَا كَانَ بَابٌ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ يَعْجِزُ النَّاسُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا تَكَلَّفَهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَلَقَدْ جَاءَ سَيْلٌ طَبَقَ الْبَيْتَ، فَجَعَلَ يَطُوفُ سِبَاحَةً). وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ: (كَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لَا يُنَازَعُ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ: لَا شَجَاعَةٍ، وَلَا عِبَادَةٍ، وَلَا بَلَاغَةٍ). وَكَانَ صَيِّتًا، إِذَا خَطَبَ... تَجَاوَبَهُ الْجَبَلَانِ. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ: أَنَّ النَّابِغَةَ الْجَعْدِيَّ أَنْشَدَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ: حَكَيْتَ لَنَا الصِّدِّيقَ لَمَّا وَلِيتَنَا وَعُثْمَانَ، وَالْفَارُوقَ، فَارْتَاحَ مُعْدَمُ وَسَوَّيْتَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِي الْحَقِّ، فَاسْتَوَى فَعَادَ صَبَاحًا حَالِكُ اللَّوْنِ أَسْحَمُ وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ وَخُبَيْبٍ قَالَا: (أَوَّلُ مَنْ كَسَا الْكَعْبَةَ الدِّيبَاجَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَكَانَ كِسْوَتُهَا الْمُسُوحَ وَالْأَنْطَاعَ). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: (كَانَ لِابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مِائَةُ غُلَامٍ؛ يَتَكَلَّمُ كُلُّ غُلَامٍ مِنْهُمْ بِلُغَةٍ أُخْرَى؛ وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُكَلِّمُ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ بِلُغَتِهِ، وَكُنْتَ إِذَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْرِ دُنْيَاهُ... قُلْتَ: هَذَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يُرِدِ اللَّهَ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ، وَإِذَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْرِ آخِرَتِهِ... قُلْتَ: هَذَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَرُدِ الدُّنْيَا طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: (كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا أَفْصَحَ بِهِ عَمِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ - وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ -: السَّيْفُ، فَكَانَ لَا يَضَعُهُ مِنْ فِيهِ، فَكَانَ أَبُوهُ إِذَا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ يَقُولُ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ؛ لَيَكُونَنَّ لَكَ مِنْهُ يَوْمٌ وَيَوْمٌ وَأَيَّامٌ). [قِصَّةُ إِنَّ وَرَاكِبِهَا] وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الْأَسَدِيُّ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ إِنَّ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ رَحِمًا مِنْ قِبَلِ فُلَانَةَ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: نَعَمْ؛ هَذَا كَمَا ذَكَرْتَ، وَإِنْ فَكَّرْتَ فِي هَذَا... أَصَبْتَ؛ النَّاسُ بِأَسْرِهِمْ يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ وَإِلَى أُمٍّ وَاحِدَةٍ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ إِنَّ نَفَقَتِي نَفِدَتْ. قَالَ: مَا كُنْتَ ضَمِنْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ أَنَّهَا تَكْفِيكَ إِلَى أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ فَإِنَّ نَاقَتِي قَدْ نَقَبَتْ. قَالَ: أَنْجِدْ بِهَا تُبْرِدْ خُفَّهَا، وَارْقَعْهَا بِسَبْتٍ، وَاخْفِضْهَا بِهُلْبٍ، وَسِرْ عَلَيْهَا الْبَرْدَيْنِ. قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ إِنَّمَا جِئْتُكَ مُسْتَحْمِلًا وَلَمْ آتِكَ مُسْتَوْصِفًا، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ نَاقَةً حَمَلَتْنِي إِلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: إِنَّ وَرَاكِبَهَا! فَخَرَجَ الْأَسَدِيُّ وَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ: أَرَى الْحَاجَاتِ عِنْدَ أَبِي خُبَيْبٍ نُكَدْنَ، وَلَا أُمَيَّةُ فِي الْبِلَادِ مِنَ الْأَعْيَاصِ أَوْ مِنْ آلِ حَرْبٍ أَغَرُّ كَغُرَّةِ الْفَرَسِ الْجَوَادِ وَقُلْتُ لِصُحْبَتِي: أَدْنُوا رِكَابِي أُفَارِقْ بَطْنَ مَكَّةَ فِي سَوَادِ وَمَا لِي حِينَ أَقْطَعُ ذَاتَ عِرْقٍ إِلَى ابْنِ الْكَاهِلِيَّةِ مِنْ مَعَادِ! وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ فِي «مُصَنَّفِهِ» عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: (لَمْ يُحْمَلْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأْسٌ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَطُّ وَلَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَحُمِلَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَأْسُ فِكْرِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ حُمِلَتْ إِلَيْهِ الرُّءُوسُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ). وَفِي أَيَّامِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ كَانَ خُرُوجُ الْمُخْتَارِ الْكَذَّابِ الَّذِي ادَّعَى النُّبُوَّةَ، فَجَهَّزَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لِقِتَالِهِ إِلَى أَنْ ظَفَرَ بِهِ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَقَتَلَهُ، لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ. وقد اسْتَمَرَّ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ... بِمَكَّةَ خَلِيفَةً إِلَى أَنْ تَغَلَّبَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، فَجَهَّزَ لِقِتَالِهِ الْحَجَّاجَ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، فَحَصَرَهُ بِمَكَّةَ أَشْهُرًا وَرَمَى عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَنْجَنِيقِ، وَخَذَلَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَتَسَلَّلُوا إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ، فَظَفَرَ بِهِ ثُمَّ قَتَلَهُ وَصَلَبَهُ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْأُولَى - وَقِيلَ: الْآخِرَةُ - سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ. أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: (إِنِّي لَفَوْقَ أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ حِينَ وَضَعَ الْمَنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَنَزَلَتْ صَاعِقَةٌ كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا تَدُورُ كَأَنَّهَا حِمَارٌ أَحْمَرُ، قَدْ حْرَقَتْ أَصْحَابَ الْمَنْجَنِيقِ نَحْوًا مِنْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا). وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فَارِسَ قُرَيْشٍ فِي زَمَانِهِ، لَهُ الْمَوَاقِفُ الْمَشْهُودَةُ.
Translation
✧ The Caliphate of Ibn al-Zubayr ؓ [64–73 AH] ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Quṣayy al-Asadī, his kunya was Abū Bakr, and it was said: Abū Khubayb – with a ḍammah on the dotted khāʾ – and it was said: Abū Bukayr, a Companion son of a Companion. His father was one of the ten who were promised Paradise, and his mother was Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ, and his father’s mother was Ṣafiyyah, the paternal aunt of the Prophet ﷺ. He was born in Madinah twenty months after the Hijrah, and it was said: in the first year, and he was the first child born to the Emigrants after the Hijrah. The Muslims rejoiced greatly at his birth because the Jews used to say: “We have bewitched them, so no child will be born to them.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed taḥnīk on him with a date that he had chewed, named him ʿAbd Allāh, and gave him the kunya Abū Bakr, after the name and kunya of his grandfather al-Ṣiddīq. He was a great faster, a great prayer performer, long in prayer, maintainer of ties of kinship, and of tremendous courage. He divided the time into three nights: a night praying standing until morning, a night bowing, and a night prostrating until morning. Thirty-three ḥadīths were narrated from him from the Prophet ﷺ. Narrated from him: his brother ʿUrwah, Ibn Abī Mulaykah, ʿAbbās b. Sahl, Thābit al-Bunānī, ʿAṭāʾ, ʿUbaydah al-Salmānī, and many others. [Mention of something of the virtues of our master Ibn al-Zubayr ؓ] Abū Yaʿlā narrated in his Musnad from Ibn al-Zubayr: that the Prophet ﷺ was cupped, and when he finished... he said to him: “O ʿAbd Allāh, go and pour out this blood where no one sees you.” When he went... he drank it. When he returned, he said: “What did you do with the blood?” He said: I sought the most hidden place I could find and put it there. He said: “Perhaps you drank it.” He said: Yes. He said: “Woe to the people from you, and woe to you from the people!” So they used to think that the strength he had was from that blood. And it was narrated from Nawf al-Bikālī who said: (I find in the revealed Book of Allah that Ibn al-Zubayr is the horseman of the caliphs). ʿAmr b. Dīnār said: (I have never seen a prayer performer with better prayer than Ibn al-Zubayr). He used to pray in the Ḥijr while the mangonel struck the edge of his garment, and he did not turn to it. Mujāhid said: (There was no gate of worship that people were incapable of except that Ibn al-Zubayr undertook it, and a flood came that covered the House, and he began circumambulating swimming). ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah said: (Ibn al-Zubayr was not contested in three things: courage, worship, or eloquence). He had a loud voice; when he gave a sermon... the two mountains echoed it back. Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from ʿUrwah: that al-Nābighah al-Jaʿdī recited to ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr: You have resembled for us al-Ṣiddīq when you took charge of us And ʿUthmān and al-Fārūq, so the destitute rejoiced And you made people equal in truth, so it became equal And a pitch-black morning returned, intensely dark And it was narrated from Hishām b. ʿUrwah and Khubayb who said: (The first to clothe the Kaʿbah in silk brocade was ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, and its covering had been haircloth and leather mats). And it was narrated from ʿUmar b. Qays who said: (Ibn al-Zubayr had one hundred servant boys, each of whom spoke a different language, and Ibn al-Zubayr would speak to each one of them in his language. If you looked at him in the affairs of his worldly life... you would say: this is a man who did not desire Allah for the blink of an eye, and if you looked at him in the affairs of his hereafter... you would say: this is a man who did not desire the world for the blink of an eye). And it was narrated from Hishām b. ʿUrwah who said: (The first word my paternal uncle ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr uttered clearly when he was small was: the sword, and he would not remove it from his mouth. His father, when he heard that from him, would say: By Allah, there will surely be for you from it a day, and a day, and days). [The story of “Indeed, and its rider”] And it was narrated from Abū ʿUbaydah who said: ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr al-Asadī came to ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām and said: O Commander of the Faithful, between me and you there is kinship from the side of so-and-so. Ibn al-Zubayr said: Yes; this is as you mentioned, and if you think about it... you are right; all people return to one father and one mother. He said: O Commander of the Faithful, my provision has run out. He said: What you had guaranteed your family would suffice you until you return to them. He said: O Commander of the Faithful, my she-camel has become footsore. He said: Go with her to high ground to cool her hoof, patch her with a strip of tanned leather, lower her with coarse hair, and travel on her in the two cool periods. He said: O Commander of the Faithful, I came to you seeking a mount, not seeking a description. May Allah curse a she-camel that carried me to you. Ibn al-Zubayr said: Indeed, and its rider! So al-Asadī went out and began to say: I see that needs at the court of Abū Khubayb Have been thwarted, and there is no Umayyah in the lands From the noble stock or from the family of Ḥarb A white-blazed man like the blaze of a swift horse I said to my companions: Bring my mounts near That I may leave the belly of Makkah in the darkness And I have no reason, when I cross Dhāt ʿIrq, To ever return to the son of the soothsayeress! And ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated in his Muṣannaf from al-Zuhrī who said: (No head was ever brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Madinah, nor on the day of Badr, but a head was brought to Abū Bakr according to his thinking, and the first to whom heads were brought was ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr). And in the days of Ibn al-Zubayr was the emergence of al-Mukhtār the liar who claimed prophethood. Ibn al-Zubayr equipped troops to fight him until he overcame him in the year sixty-seven and killed him, may Allah curse him. Ibn al-Zubayr continued... in Makkah as caliph until ʿAbd al-Malik prevailed, and he equipped al-Ḥajjāj with forty thousand to fight him. He besieged him in Makkah for months and hurled mangonels at him. Ibn al-Zubayr’s companions abandoned him and slipped away to al-Ḥajjāj, who captured him, then killed him and crucified him. That was on Tuesday, the seventeenth of Jumādā al-Ūlā – and it was said: al-Ākhirah – in the year seventy-three. Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from Muḥammad b. Zayd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar who said: (I was atop Abū Qubays when the mangonel was set upon Ibn al-Zubayr, and a thunderbolt descended – as if I could see it circling like a red donkey – and it burned about fifty men of the mangonel crew). Ibn al-Zubayr was the horseman of Quraysh in his time, and he had the witnessed stations.
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