Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2226

The Year 63 AH

وَقْعَةِ الْحَرَّةِ  وفي سَنَةُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ   كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ الْحَرَّةِ  ، وَكَانَ سَبَبَهَا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَخْرَجَوا عَامِلَ يَزِيدَ وَهُوَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَخَلَعُوا يَزِيدَ. فَذَكَرَ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ: أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَتَوُا الْمِنْبَرَ، فَخَلَعُوا يَزِيدَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ حَفْصٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ: قَدْ خَلَعْتُ يَزِيدَ كَمَا خَلَعْتُ عِمَامَتِي -وَنَزَعَهَا عَنْ رَأْسِهِ- وَإِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ هَذَا وَقَدْ وَصَلَنِي وَأَحْسَنَ جَائِزَتِي، وَلَكِنَّ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ سِكِّيرٌ. وَقَالَ آخَرُ: قَدْ خَلَعْتُهُ كَمَا خَلَعْتُ نَعْلِي، حَتَّى كَثُرَتِ الْعَمَائِمُ وَالنِّعَالُ، ثُمَّ وَلَّوْا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُطِيعٍ، وَعَلَى الْأَنْصَارِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ حَنْظَلَةَ، ثُمَّ حَاصَرَ الْقَوْمُ مَنْ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَمَوَالِيهِمْ وَمَنْ يَرَى رَأْيَهُمْ. فَكَتَبَ مَرْوَانُ وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ إِلَى يَزِيدَ: "إِنَّا قَدْ حُصِرْنَا فِي دَارِ مَرْوَانَ، وَمُنِعْنَا الْعَذْبَ، فَيَا غَوْثَاهْ". فَوَصَلَ الْكِتَابُ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ وَاضِعٌ قَدَمَيْهِ فِي مَاءٍ فِي طَسْتٍ مِنْ وَجَعٍ كَانَ بِهِ -وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ نِقْرِسٌ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ تَمَثَّلَ: لَقَدْ بَدَّلُوا الْحِلْمَ الَّذِي فِي سَجِيَّتِي فَبَدَّلْتُ قَوْمِي غِلْظَةً بِلِيَانِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلرَّسُولِ: أَمَا يَكُونُ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ وَمَوَالِيهِمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَلْفَ رَجُلٍ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلَى وَأَكْثَرُ، قَالَ: فَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، فَقَالَ: أَجْمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِمْ طَاقَةٌ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فَأَقْرَأَهُ الْكِتَابَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ كُنْتُ ضَبَطْتُ لَكَ الْبِلَادَ، وَأَحْكَمْتُ الْأُمُورَ، فَأَمَّا الْآنَ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ دِمَاءُ قُرَيْشٍ تُهَرَاقُ، فَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَتَوَلَّى ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: فَبَعَثَنِي بِالْكِتَابِ إِلَى مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَهُوَ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، فَجَاءَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى يَزِيدَ، فَقَالَ: اخْرُجْ وَسِرْ بِالنَّاسِ. فَخَرَجَ مُنَادِيهِ فَنَادَى: أَنْ سِيرُوا إِلَى الْحِجَازِ عَلَى أَخْذِ أَعْطِيَاتِكُمْ كُمَّلًا وَمَعُونَةٍ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ تُوضَعُ فِي يَدِ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ، فَانْتَدَبَ لِذَلِكَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَكَتَبَ يَزِيدُ إِلَى ابْنِ مَرْجَانَةَ: أَنِ اغْزُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَجْمَعُهُمَا لِلْفَاسِقِ أَبَدًا، أَقْتُلُ ابْنَ [بِنْتِ] رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَغْزُو الْبَيْتَ. وَفَصَلَ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشُ مِنْ عِنْدِ يَزِيدَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ. الأمر بالتجهز للخروج وَخَرَجَ يَزِيدُ يَعْرِضُهُمْ وَهُوَ مُتَقَلِّدٌ سَيْفًا مُتَنَكِّبٌ قَوْسًا عَرَبِيَّةً، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَبْلِغْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِذَا اللَّيْلُ سَرَى     وَهَبَطَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى وَادِي الْقُرَى أَجَمْعَ سَكْرَانَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ تَرَى     أَمْ جَمْعَ يَقْظَانَ نَفَى عَنْهُ الْكَرَى يَا عَجَبًا مِنْ مُلْحِدٍ يَا عَجَبَا     مُخَادِعٍ بِالدِّينِ يَعْفُو بِالْعَرَى وَسَارَ الْجَيْشُ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مُسْلِمٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ يَزِيدُ: إِنْ حَدَثَ بِكَ حَادِثٌ فَاسْتَخْلِفْ عَلَى الْجَيْشِ حُصَيْنَ بْنَ نُمَيْرٍ السَّكُونِيَّ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: ادْعُ الْقَوْمَ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ وَإِلَّا فَقَاتِلْهُمْ، فَإِذَا ظَهَرْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبِحْهَا ثَلَاثًا، فَمَا فِيهَا مِنْ مَالٍ أَوْ سِلَاحٍ أَوْ طَعَامٍ فَهُوَ لِلْجُنْدِ، فَإِذَا مَضَتِ الثَّلَاثُ فَاكْفُفْ عَنْهُمْ، وَانْظُرْ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ فَاسْتَوْصِ بِهِ [خَيْرًا]، أَدْنِ مَجْلِسَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا دَخَلُوا فِيهِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ كَلَّمَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ لَمَّا أَخْرَجَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ عَامِلَ يَزِيدَ وَبَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي أَنْ يُغَيِّبَ أَهْلَهُ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَكَلَّمَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ لِي حُرَمًا وَحُرَمِي تَكُونُ مَعَ حُرَمِكَ. فَقَالَ: أَفْعَلُ، فَبَعَثَ بِامْرَأَتِهِ، وَهِيَ عَائِشَةُ ابْنَةُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَحُرَمُهُ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ بِحُرَمِهِ وَحُرَمِ مَرْوَانَ إِلَى يَنْبُعَ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ أَرْسَلَ حُرَمَ مَرْوَانَ وَأَرْسَلَ مَعَهُمُ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ. وَلَمَّا سَمِعَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ أَنَّ يَزِيدَ قَدْ سَيَّرَ الْجُنُودَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: لَيْتَ السَّمَاءَ وَقَعَتْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، إِعْظَامًا لِذَلِكَ. وَأَقْبَلَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ بِالْجَيْشِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِقْبَالُهُ وَثَبُوا عَلَى مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فَحَصَرُوهُمْ فِي دَارِ مَرْوَانَ، فَقَالُوا: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَكُفُّ عَنْكُمْ حَتَّى نَسْتَزِلَّكُمْ، وَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَكُمْ، أَوْ تُعْطُونَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ أَنْ لَا تَبْغُونَا غَائِلَةً، وَلَا تَدُلُّوا لَنَا عَلَى عَوْرَةٍ، وَلَا تُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْنَا عَدُوًّا، فَأَعْطَوْهُمُ الْعَهْدَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَخْرَجُوهُمْ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَخَرَجُوا بِأَثْقَالِهِمْ حَتَّى لَقُوا مُسْلِمَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى، فَدَعَا بِعَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَقَالَ لَهُ: أَخْبِرْنِي مَا وَرَاءَكَ، وَأَشِرْ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أُخْبِرَكَ شَيْئًا، أُخِذَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْعُهُودُ وَالْمَوَاثِيقُ أَنْ لَا نَدُلَّكَ عَلَى عَوْرَةٍ، فَانْتَهَرَهُ وَقَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ لَضَرَبْتُ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ لَا أُقِيلُهَا قُرَشِيًّا بَعْدَكَ، فَخَرَجَ بِمَا لَقِيَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ لِابْنِهِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ: ادْخُلْ قَبْلِي لَعَلَّهُ يَجْتَزِئُ بِكَ عَنِّي، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ: هَاتِ مَا عِنْدَكَ، أَخْبِرْنِي خَبَرَ النَّاسِ، وَكَيْفَ تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَرَى أَنْ تَسِيرَ بِمَنْ مَعَكَ، فَإِذَا انْتَهَيْتَ إِلَى ذِي نَخْلَةٍ نَزَلْتَ، فَاسْتَظَلَّ النَّاسُ فِي ظِلِّهِ فَأَكَلُوا مِنْ صَقْرِهِ، فَإِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ مِنَ الْغَدِ مَضَيْتَ وَتَرَكْتَ الْمَدِينَةَ ذَاتَ الْيَسَارِ ثُمَّ دُرْتَ بِهَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْحَرَّةِ مُشَرِّقًا ثُمَّ تَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقَوْمَ، فَإِذَا اسْتَقْبَلْتَهُمْ وَقَدْ أَشْرَقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّمْسُ طَلَعْتَ بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِ أَصْحَابِكَ فَلَا تُؤْذِيهِمْ وَيُصِيبُهُمْ أَذَاهَا وَيَرَوْنَ مِنِ ائْتِلَافِ بَيْضِكُمْ وَأَسِنَّةِ رِمَاحِكُمْ وَسُيُوفِكُمْ وَدُرُوعِكُمْ مَا لَا تَرَوْنَهُ أَنْتُمْ مَا دَامُوا مُغَرِّبِينَ، ثُمَّ قَاتِلْهُمْ وَاسْتَعِنِ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ مُسْلِمٌ: لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ أَيَّ امْرِئٍ وَلَدَ ! ثُمَّ إِنَّ مَرْوَانَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِيهِ ! فَقَالَ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْكَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، وَأَيُّ رَجُلٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ ! قَلَّ مَا كَلَّمْتُ مِنْ رِجَالِ قُرَيْشٍ رَجُلًا بِهِ شَبِيهًا. فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ: إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ فَقَدْ لَقِيتَنِي. ثُمَّ ( إِنَّهُ صَارَ فِي كُلِّ مَكَانٍ يَصْنَعُ ) مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، فَجَاءَهُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَشْرِقِ، ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ مُسْلِمٌ وَقَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَزِيدَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّكُمُ الْأَصْلُ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ إِرَاقَةَ دِمَائِكُمْ، وَإِنِّي أُؤَجِّلُكُمْ ثَلَاثًا، فَمَنْ رَاجَعَ الْحَقَّ أَمَّنْتُهُ وَرَجَعْتُ عَنْكُمْ، وَسِرْتُ إِلَى هَذَا الْمُلْحِدِ الَّذِي بِمَكَّةَ، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَقَدْ أَعْذَرْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ، فَلَمَّا مَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ الثَّلَاثَةُ قَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ؟ أَتُسَالِمُونَ أَمْ تُحَارِبُونَ ؟ فَقَالُوا: بَلْ نُحَارِبُ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: لَا تَفْعَلُوا بَلِ ادْخُلُوا فِي الطَّاعَةِ وَنَجْعَلُ جِدَّنَا وَشَوْكَتَنَا عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذَا الْمُلْحِدِ الَّذِي قَدْ جَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُرَّاقَ وَالْفُسَّاقَ مِنْ كُلِّ أَوْبٍ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ. فَقَالُوا لَهُ: يَا أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَجُوزُوا إِلَيْهِ مَا تَرَكْنَاكُمْ، نَحْنُ نَدَعُكُمْ أَنْ تَأْتُوا بَيْتَ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامَ فَتُخِيفُوا أَهْلَهُ وَتُلْحِدُوا فِيهِ وَتَسْتَحِلُّوا حُرْمَتَهُ ؟ ! لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَفْعَلُ. وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ قَدِ اتَّخَذُوا خَنْدَقًا وَعَلَيْهِ جَمْعٌ مِنْهُمْ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ عَوْفٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُطِيعٍ عَلَى رُبُعٍ آخَرَ، وَهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ فِي جَانِبِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، عَلَى رُبُعٍ آخَرَ، وَهُمُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ، وَكَانَ أَمِيرُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ حَنْظَلَةَ الْغَسِيلِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ فِي أَعْظَمِ تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَاعِ، وَهُمُ الْأَنْصَارُ. وَصَمَدَ مُسْلِمٌ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْحَرَّةِ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ فُسْطَاطَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَكَانَ مَرِيضًا، فَأَمَرَ فَوُضِعَ لَهُ كُرْسِيٌّ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ وَقَالَ يَا أَهْلَ الشَّامِ قَاتِلُوا عَنْ أَمِيرِكُمْ وَادْعُوا. فَأَخَذُوا لَا يَقْصِدُونَ رُبُعًا مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَاعِ إِلَّا هَزَمُوهُ، ثُمَّ وَجَّهَ الْخَيْلَ نَحْوَ ابْنِ الْغَسِيلِ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنُ الْغَسِيلِ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ فَكَشَفَهُمْ، فَانْتَهَوْا إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ، فَنَهَضَ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ بِالرِّجَالِ وَصَاحَ بِهِمْ، فَقَاتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْفَضْلَ بْنَ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ جَاءَ إِلَى ابْنِ الْغَسِيلِ فَقَاتَلَ مَعَهُ فِي نَحْوٍ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ فَارِسًا قِتَالًا حَسَنًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِابْنِ الْغَسِيلِ: مَنْ كَانَ مَعَكَ فَارِسًا فَلْيَأْتِنِي فَلْيَقِفْ مَعِي، فَإِذَا حَمَلْتُ فَلْيَحْمِلُوا، فَوَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَبْلَغَ مُسْلِمًا فَأَقْتُلَهُ أَوْ أُقْتَلَ دُونَهُ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَجَمَعَ الْخَيْلَ إِلَيْهِ، فَحَمَلَ بِهِمُ الْفَضْلُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فَانْكَشَفُوا، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: احْمِلُوا أُخْرَى جُعِلْتُ فَدَاكُمْ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ عَايَنْتُ أَمِيرَهُمْ لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُ أَوْ أُقْتَلَ دُونَهُ. إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَعْدَ الصَّبْرِ إِلَّا النَّصْرُ ! ثُمَّ حَمَلَ وَحَمَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَانْفَرَجْتُ خَيْلُ الشَّامِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَمَعَهُ نَحْوُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ رَاجِلٍ جُثَاةٌ عَلَى الرُّكَبِ مُشَرِّعِي الْأَسِنَّةِ نَحْوَ الْقَوْمِ، وَمَضَى الْفَضْلُ كَمَا هُوَ نَحْوَ رَايَةِ مُسْلِمٍ فَضَرَبَ رَأْسَ صَاحِبِهَا، فَقَطَّ الْمِغْفَرَ وَفَلَقَ هَامَتَهُ وَخَرَّ مَيِّتًا، وَقَالَ: خُذْهَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ! وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ مُسْلِمٌ، فَقَالَ: قَتَلْتُ طَاغِيَةَ الْقَوْمِ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ ! فَقَالَ: أَخْطَأَتِ اسْتُكَ الْحُفْرَةَ ! وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ غُلَامًا رُومِيًّا وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا، فَأَخَذَ مُسْلِمٌ رَايَتَهُ وَحَرَّضَ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ وَقَالَ: شُدُّوا مَعَ هَذِهِ الرَّايَةِ. فَمَشَى بِرَايَتِهِ وَشَدَّتْ تِلْكَ الرِّجَالُ أَمَامَ الرَّايَةِ، فَصُرِعَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقُتِلَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَطْنَابِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ إِلَّا نَحْوٌ مِنْ عَشْرَةِ أَذْرُعٍ، وَقُتِلَ مَعَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ. وَأَقْبَلَتْ خَيْلُ مُسْلِمٍ وَرَجَّالَتُهُ نَحْوَ ابْنِ الْغَسِيلِ، وَهُوَ يُحَرِّضُ أَصْحَابَهُ وَيَذُمُّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَيُقَدِّمُ الْخَيْلَ إِلَى ابْنِ الْغَسِيلِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمْ تَقْدَمْ عَلَيْهِمْ لِلرِّمَاحِ الَّتِي بِأَيْدِهِمْ وَالسُّيُوفِ، وَكَانَتْ تَتَفَرَّقُ عَنْهُمْ، فَنَادَى مُسْلِمٌ الْحُصَيْنَ بْنَ نُمَيْرٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عِضَاهٍ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ وَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يَنْزِلَا فِي جُنْدِهِمَا، فَفَعَلَا وَتَقَدَّمَا إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْغَسِيلِ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنَّ عَدُوَّكُمْ قَدْ أَصَابَ وَجْهَ الْقِتَالِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُقَاتِلَكُمْ بِهِ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ ظَنَنْتُ أَلَّا يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً حَتَّى يَفْصِلَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ إِمَّا لَكُمْ وَإِمَّا عَلَيْكُمْ، أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ أَهْلُ النُّصْرَةِ وَدَارُ الْهِجْرَةِ وَمَا أَظُنُّ أَنَّ رَبَّكُمْ أَصْبَحَ عَنْ أَهْلِ بَلَدٍ مِنْ بُلْدَانِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَرْضَى مِنْهُ عَنْكُمْ، وَلَا عَلَى أَهْلِ بَلَدٍ مِنْ بُلْدَانِ الْعَرَبِ بِأَسْخَطَ مِنْهُ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ، وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِنْكُمْ مِيتَةً هُوَ مَيِّتٌ بِهَا لَا مَحَالَةَ، وَوَاللَّهِ مَا مِنْ مِيتَةٍ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ مَيْتَةِ الشَّهَادَةِ، وَقَدْ سَاقَهَا اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ فَاغْتِنَمُوهَا. ثُمَّ دَنَا بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَخَذَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ يَرْمُونَهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْغَسِيلِ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: عَلَامَ تُسْتَهْدَفُونَ لَهُمْ ! مَنْ أَرَادَ التَّعْجِيلَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَلْزَمْ هَذِهِ الرَّايَةَ. فَقَالَ إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ مُسْتَمِيتٍ فَنَهَضَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ فَاقْتَتَلُوا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ رُؤِيَ لِأَهْلِ هَذَا الْقِتَالِ، وَأَخَذَ ابْنُ الْغَسِيلِ يُقَدِّمُ بَنِيهِ وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا، حَتَّى قُتِلُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَيَضْرِبُ بِسَيْفِهِ وَيَقُولُ: بُعْدًا لِمَنْ رَامَ الْفَسَادَ وَطَغَى     وَجَانَبَ الْحَقَّ وَآيَاتِ الْهُدَى لَا يُبْعِدُ الرَّحْمَنُ إِلَّا مَنْ عَصَى ثُمَّ قُتِلَ وَقُتِلَ مَعَهُ أَخُوهُ لِأُمِّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ الدَّيْلَمَ قَتَلُونِي مَكَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ ! وَقُتِلَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ. فَمَرَّ بِهِ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ فَقَالَ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ ! رُبَّ سَارِيَةٍ قَدْ رَأَيْتُكُ تُطِيلُ الْقِيَامَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى جَنْبِهَا. وَانْهَزَمَ النَّاسُ، وَكَانَ فِيمَنِ انْهَزَمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ بَعْدَمَا أَبْلَى. وَأَبَاحَ مُسْلِمٌ الْمَدِينَةَ ثَلَاثًا، يَقْتُلُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَأْخُذُونَ الْأَمْوَالَ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ سُعْدَى بِنْتُ عَوْفٍ الْمُرِّيَّةُ إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ، تَقُولُ بِنْتُ عَمِّكَ: مُرْ أَصْحَابَكَ لَا يَعْتَرِضُوا الْإِبِلَ لَنَا بِمَكَانِ كَذَا، فَقَالَ: لَا تَبْدَءُوا إِلَّا بِهَا. وَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ وَقَالَتْ: أَنَا مَوْلَاتُكَ وَابْنِي فِي الْأَسْرَى، فَقَالَ: عَجِّلُوهُ لِمَكَانِهَا، فَضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ، وَقَالَ: أَعْطُوهَا رَأْسَهُ، أَمَا تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ لَا تُقْتَلِي حَتَّى تَكَلَّمِي فِي ابْنِكِ، وَوَقَعُوا عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، وَقَاتَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُطِيعٍ حَتَّى قُتِلَ هُوَ وَبَنُونَ لَهُ سَبْعَةٌ، وَبُعِثَ بِرَأْسِهِ إِلَى يَزِيدَ. فَأَفْزَعَ مَا جَرَى مَنْ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَخَرَجَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْجَبَلَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ بِسَيْفٍ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، فَتَرَكَهُ. وعَنْ خَالِدٍ الْكِنْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ أُمِّ الْهَيْثَمِ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةً مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ تَطُوفُ، فَعَرَضَ لَهَا أَسْوَدُ، فَعَانَقَتْهُ وَقَبَّلَتْهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمَةَ اللَّهِ، أَتَفْعَلِينَ هَذَا بِهَذَا الْأَسْوَدِ، قَالَتْ: هُوَ ابْنِي وَقَعَ عَلَيَّ أَبُوهُ يَوْمَ الْحَرَّةِ، فَوَلَدْتُ هَذَا. وَعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قُرَّةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ: وَلَدَتْ أَلْفُ امْرَأَةٍ بَعْدَ الْحَرَّةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ زَوْجٍ، ثُمَّ دَعَا مُسْلِمٌ بِالنَّاسِ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ لِيَزِيدَ، وَقَالَ: بَايِعُوا عَلَى أَنَّكُمْ خَوَلٌ لَهُ، وَأَمْوَالُكُمْ لَهُ، فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ: نُبَايِعُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ، وَبَدَأَ بِعَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا الْخَبِيثُ ابْنُ الطَّيِّبِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَنُتِفَتْ لِحْيَتُهُ. وعَنْ حُوَيْرِثَةَ وَابْنِ جَعْدِيَّةَ: أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا نَظَرَ إِلَى قَتْلَى الْحَرَّةِ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ دَخَلْتُ النَّارَ..... بَعْدَهَا وَلَا إِنِّي لَشَقِيٌّ. وَأَسَرَ مُسْلِمٌ أُسَرَاءَ فَحَبَسَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَمْ يَطْعَمُوا، فَجَاءُوا بِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ، فَقَالُوا: بَايِعْ، فَقَالَ: أُبَايِعُ عَلَى سِيرَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَأَمَرَ بِضَرْبِ عُنُقِهِ، فَشَهِدَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ فَخَلَّى عَنْهُ. وَعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيِّ، وَأَبِي إِسْحَاقَ التَّمِيمِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا انْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالصِّبْيَانُ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: بِعُثْمَانَ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ. وَعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ ذَكْوَانُ مَوْلَى مَرْوَانَ: شَرِبَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ دَوَاءً بَعْدَمَا نَهَبَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَدَعَا بِالْغَدَاءِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الطَّبِيبُ: لَا تَعْجَلْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ أَكَلْتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ الدَّوَاءُ، قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ! إِنَّمَا أُحِبُّ الْبَقَاءَ حَتَّى أَشْفِيَ قَلْبِي -أَوْ قَالَ: نَفْسِي- مِنْ قَتَلَةِ عُثْمَانَ، فَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتُ مَا أَرَدْتُ فَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ عَلَى طَهَارَتِي، فَإِنِّي لَا أَشُكُّ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ طَهَّرَنِي مِنْ ذُنُوبِي بِقَتْلِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْجَاسَ. وَعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ: كَمْ كَانَتِ الْقَتْلَى يَوْمَ الْحَرَّةِ ؟ قَالَ: سَبْعُمِائَةٍ مِنْ وُجُوهِ النَّاسِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَوُجُوهِ الْمَوَالِي، وَمِمَّنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ عَبْدٍ وَحُرٍّ وَامْرَأَةٍ عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ، وَكَانَتِ الْوَقْعَةُ لِثَلَاثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ، وَانْتَهَبُوا الْمَدِينَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ. وَعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، بسنده عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنْزِلُ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ فَدَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مَرِيضٌ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَثْعَمَ أَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ نَجْرَانَ، فَمَرِضْتُ فَتَرَكَنِي أَصْحَابِي وَمَضَوْا، فَحَوَّلْتُهُ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ، فَكَانَ عِنْدَنَا حَتَّى صَحَّ، وَأَقَامَ عِنْدَنَا حِينًا كَرَجُلٍ مِنَّا، وَعَمِلْتُ لِصَاحِبَتِي حُلِيًّا بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَهُوَ يَرَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَيَّامَ الْحَرَّةِ وَقَدْ تَحَوَّلْنَا مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَبَ مُسْلِمٌ الْمَدِينَةَ أَتَانَا فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَسَمِعْتُ الْجَلَبَةَ فِي الدَّارِ، فَخَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ خَارِجًا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: قَدْ كُنَّا نَتَمَنَّاكَ، قَالَ: مَا جِئْتُ إِلَّا لِأَدْفَعَ عَنْ دَمِكَ، وَلَكِنِّي آخُذُ مَالَكَ، فَإِنَّ الْأَمِيرَ قَدْ أَمَرَنَا بِالنَّهْبِ، وَسَيُؤْخَذُ مَا عِنْدَكَ وَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: أَنْتَ لَعَمْرِي أَحَقُّ بِهِ، فَاصْرِفْ أَصْحَابَكَ وَخُذْهُ وَحْدَكَ، فَخَرَجَ فَرَدَّ أَصْحَابَهُ وَرَجَعَ، فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ الْحُلِيُّ؟ قُلْتُ: عَلَى حَالِهِ، قَالَ: فَهَاتِهِ، قُلْتُ: هُوَ مَدْفُونٌ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ عِنْدَ الْبِئْرِ الَّتِي رَأَيْتَ، فَإِذَا أَمْسَيْنَا خَرَجْنَا إِلَيْهَا فَأَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْكَ. فَلَمَّا أَمْسَيْتُ خَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ وَتَبِعَنِي ابْنَانِ لِي حَتَّى انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْبِئْرِ وَطُولُهَا ثَلَاثُونَ ذِرَاعًا، فَأَخَذْنَاهُ أَنَا وَابْنَايَ، فَشَدَدْنَاهُ وَثَاقًا، وَأَرْمَيْنَاهُ فِي الْبِئْرِ وَدَفَنَّاهُ فِيهَا وَرَجَعْنَا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا إِذَا رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ بِالْأَمْسِ قَدْ أَتَانَا، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ أَبُو الْمُحَرِّشِ؟ قُلْنَا: غَدَا حِينَ أَصْبَحَ، قَالَ: أُرَاهُ وَاللَّهِ خَدَعَنَا وَأَخَذَ الْمَتَاعَ، قُلْنَا: مَا أَخَذَ شَيْئًا، ادْخُلْ فَانْظُرْ، فَدَخَلَ فَأَغْلَقْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْبَابَ وَقَتَلْنَاهُ. وَعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ، بسنده عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ النَّحَّامِ، قَالَ: مَرَّ رَكْبٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ إِلَى الشَّامِ يُرِيدُونَهُ وَمَعَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مَرِيضٌ، فَأَرَادُوا دَفْنَهُ وَهُوَ حَيٌّ، فَمَنَعَهُمْ أَبِي، فَمَضَوْا وَخَلَّفُوهُ، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ بَرِئَ وَصَحَّ، فَجَهَّزَهُ أَبِي وَحَمَلَهُ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ قَدِمَ مَعَ مُسْلِمٍ، فَرَأَتْهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَنَا، فَعَرَفَتْهُ، فَقَالَتْ: عَمْرٌو، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ وَعَرَفَهَا، قَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ؟ قَالَتْ: قُتِلَ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: هَؤُلَاءِ أَيْسَرُ أَهْلِ [بَيْتٍ] بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَانْتَهِبُوا مَنْزِلَهُمْ، فَكَانَ يُضْرَبُ بِهِ الْمَثَلُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ: "وَأَنْتَ أَقَلُّ شُكْرًا مِنْ عَمْرٍو". ثُمَّ اسْتَخْلَفَ مُسْلِمٌ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَوْحَ بْنَ زِنْبَاعٍ، وَسَارَ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَاحْتُضِرَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ، فَقَالَ لِحُصَيْنِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ: إِنَّكَ تَقْدَمُ بِمَكَّةَ وَلَا مَنَعَةَ لَهُمْ وَلَا سِلَاحَ، وَلَهُمْ جِبَالٌ تُشْرِفُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَانْصِبْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَنْجَنِيقَ فَإِنَّهُمْ بَيْنَ جَبَلَيْنِ، فَإِنْ تَعَوَّذُوا بِالْبَيْتِ فَارْمِهِ وَاتَّجِهْ عَلَى بُنْيَانِهِ. قَالَ أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ: كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ الْحَرَّةِ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ خَلَتَا مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ.   وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لِثَلَاثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْهُ. من قتل في الحرة قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ: قَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ فِي تِجَارَةٍ فَقَالَ لِي رَجُلٌ: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ. فَقَالَ: خَبِيثَةٌ. فَقُلْتُ: يُسَمِّيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَيْبَةَ وَتُسَمِّيهَا خَبِيثَةً ! فَقَالَ: إِنَّ لِي وَلَهَا لَشَأْنًا، لَمَّا خَرَجَ النَّاسُ إِلَى وَقْعَةِ الْحَرَّةِ رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي قَتَلْتُ رَجُلًا اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ أَدْخُلُ بِقَتْلِهِ النَّارَ، فَاجْتَهَدْتُ فِي أَنِّي لَا أَسِيرُ مَعَهُمْ فَلَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنِّي، فَسِرْتُ مَعَهُمْ وَلَمْ أُقَاتِلْ حَتَّى انْقَضَتِ الْوَقْعَةُ، فَمَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ فِي الْقَتْلَى بِهِ رَمَقٌ فَقَالَ: تَنَحَّ يَا كَلْبُ ! فَأَنِفْتُ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ وَقَتَلْتُهُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ رُؤْيَايَ فَجِئْتُ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَتَصَفَّحُ الْقَتْلَى، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي قَتَلْتُهُ قَالَ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ، لَا يَدْخُلُ قَاتِلُ هَذَا الْجَنَّةَ. قُلْتُ: وَمَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وُلِدَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَمَّاهُ مُحَمَّدًا وَكَنَّاهُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَأَتَيْتُ أَهْلَهُ فَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونَنِي فَلَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، وَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمُ الدِّيَةَ فَلَمْ يَأْخُذُوا. وَمِمَّنْ قُتِلَ بِالْحَرَّةِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ( بْنُ عَاصِمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَلَيْسَ بِصَاحِبِ الْأَذَانِ، ذَاكَ ) ابْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ. وَقُتِلَ أَيْضًا فِيهَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ( بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ. وَوَهْبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ. وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ. وَزُبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ. وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ ) بْنُ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. رواية أخرى لوقعة الحرة وَقَدْ رُوِيَتْ قِصَّةُ الْحَرَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو مِخْنَفٍ فعن جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَشْيَاخَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ يُحَدِّثُونَ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ لَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ دَعَا ابْنَهُ يَزِيدَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنْ لَكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَوْمًا، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَارْمِهِمْ بِمُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ نَصِيحَتَهُ. فَلَمَّا هَلَكَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَفَدَ إِلَيْهِ وَفْدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ وَفَدَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ - وَكَانَ شَرِيفًا فَاضِلًا سَيِّدًا عَابِدًا - مَعَهُ ثَمَانِيَةُ بَنِينَ لَهُ، فَأَعْطَاهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَعْطَى بَنِيهِ، كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ سِوَى كِسْوَتِهِمْ وَحُمْلَانِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ أَتَاهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالُوا: مَا وَرَاءَكَ ؟ قَالَ: جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَجُلٍ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ لَمْ أَجِدْ إِلَّا بَنِي هَؤُلَاءِ لَجَاهَدْتُهُ بِهِمْ. قَالُوا: قَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ أَعْطَاكَ وَأَحْذَاكَ وَأَكْرَمَكَ. قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلَ، وَمَا قَبِلْتُ مِنْهُ إِلَّا لِأَتَقَوَّى بِهِ. فَحَضَّ النَّاسَ فَبَايَعُوهُ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ يَزِيدَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى كُلِّ مَاءٍ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الشَّامِ فَصَبُّوا فِيهِ زِقًّا مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ وَعَوَّرُوهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى جَيْشِ الشَّامِ السَّمَاءَ مِدْرَارًا، فَلَمْ يَسْتَقُوا بِدَلْوٍ حَتَّى وَرَدُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ بِجُمُوعٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَهَيْئَةٍ لَمْ يُرَ مِثْلُهَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ هَابُوهُمْ وَكَرِهُوا قِتَالَهُمْ، وَمُسْلِمٌ شَدِيدُ الْوَجَعِ، فَبَيْنَمَا النَّاسُ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ إِذْ سَمِعُوا التَّكْبِيرَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ فِي جَوْفِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَقْحَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَهُمْ عَلَى الْجَدَدِ، فَانْهَزَمَ النَّاسُ، فَكَانَ مَنْ أُصِيبَ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّنْ قُتِلَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَدَخَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، وَهُزِمَ النَّاسُ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ مُسْتَنِدٌ إِلَى الْجِدَارِ يَغُطُّ نَوْمًا، فَنَبَّهَهُ ابْنُهُ، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَرَأَى مَا صَنَعَ النَّاسُ، أَمَرَ أَكْبَرَ بَنِيهِ فَتَقَدَّمَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، فَدَخَلَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَدَعَا النَّاسَ لِلْبَيْعَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ خَوَلٌ لِيَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، يَحْكُمُ فِي دِمَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ مَا شَاءَ. وعَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ أَهْلُ الْحَرَّةِ هَتَفَ هَاتِفٌ بِمَكَّةَ عَلَى أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ مَسَاءَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ، وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ جَالِسٌ يَسْمَعُ: قُتِلَ الْخِيَارُ بَنُو الْخِيَا     رِ ذَوُو الْمَهَابَةِ وَالسَّمَاحِ وَالصَّائِمُونَ الْقَائِمَو     نَ الْقَانِتُونَ أُولُو الصَّلَاحِ الْمُهْتَدُونَ الْمُتَّقُو     نَ السَّابِقُونَ إِلَى الْفَلَاحِ مَاذَا بِوَاقِمَ وَالْبَقِيعِ     مِنَ الْجَحَاجِحَةِ الصِّبَاحِ وَبِقَاعُ يَثْرِبَ وَيْحَهُنَّ     مِنَ النَّوَادِبِ وَالصِّيَاحِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: يَا هَؤُلَاءِ، قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُكُمْ، فَإِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ. خطأ يزيد في إباحته المدينة ثلاثة أيام وَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ يَزِيدُ خَطَأً فَاحِشًا فِي قَوْلِهِ لِمُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ أَنْ يُبِيحَ الْمَدِينَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَهَذَا خَطَأٌ كَبِيرٌ، فَإِنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الْمَفَاسِدِ الْعَظِيمَةِ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ مَا لَا يُحَدُّ وَلَا يُوَصَفُ، مِمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَقَدْ أَرَادَ بِإِرْسَالِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ تَوْطِيدَ سُلْطَانِهِ وَمُلْكِهِ، وَدَوَامَ أَيَّامِهِ، فَعَاقَبَهُ اللَّهُ بِنَقِيضِ قَصْدِهِ، فَقَصَمَهُ اللَّهُ قَاصِمُ الْجَبَابِرَةِ، وَأَخَذَهُ أَخْذَ عَزِيزٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ. قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي " صَحِيحِهِ " بسنده، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " لَا يَكِيدُ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا انْمَاعَ كَمَا يَنْمَاعُ الْمِلْحُ فِي الْمَاءِ ". وعَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " مَنْ أَخَافَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ظُلْمًا أَخَافَهُ اللَّهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا ". وعَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنَيْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَا: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ أَبِينَا يَوْمَ الْحَرَّةِ، وَقَدْ كُفَّ بَصَرُهُ فَقَالَ: تَعِسَ مَنْ أَخَافَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقُلْنَا: يَا أَبَتِ، وَهَلْ أَحَدٌ يُخِيفُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ؟ ! فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " مَنْ أَخَافَ هَذَا الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَدْ أَخَافَ مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنَ ". وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى جَنْبَيْهِ لعن يزيد بن معاوية وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَأَمْثَالِهِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى التَّرْخِيصِ فِي لَعْنَةِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ  ، وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ اخْتَارَهَا الْخَلَّالُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، وَالْقَاضِي أَبُو يَعْلَى، وَابْنُهُ الْقَاضِي أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ، وَانْتَصَرَ لِذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْفَرَجِ بْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ فِي مُصَنَّفٍ مُفْرَدٍ وَجَوَّزَ لَعْنَهُ، وَمَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ آخَرُونَ - وَصَنَّفُوا فِيهِ أَيْضًا - لِئَلَّا يُجْعَلَ لَعْنُهُ وَسِيلَةً إِلَى أَبِيهِ أَوْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَحَمَلُوا مَا صَدَرَ عَنْهُ مِنْ سُوءِ التَّصَرُّفَاتِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَأَوَّلَ وَأَخْطَأَ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ إِمَامًا فَاسِقًا، وَالْإِمَامُ إِذَا فَسَقَ لَا يُعْزَلُ بِمُجَرَّدِ ذَلِكَ، عَلَى أَصَحِّ قَوْلَيِ الْعُلَمَاءِ، بَلْ وَلَا يَجُوزُ الْخُرُوجُ عَلَيْهِ ; لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ إِثَارَةِ الْفِتْنَةِ، وَوُقُوعِ الْهَرْجِ، كَمَا جَرَى. وَأَمَّا مَا يَذْكُرُهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ خَبَرُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَمَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِمْ عِنْدَ الْحَرَّةِ مِنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَجَيْشِهِ، فَرِحَ بِذَلِكَ فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ الْإِمَامُ، وَقَدْ خَرَجُوا عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ، وَأَمَّرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرَهُ، فَلَهُ قِتَالُهُمْ حَتَّى يَرْجِعُوا إِلَى الطَّاعَةِ، وَلُزُومِ الْجَمَاعَةِ، كَمَا أَنْذَرَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى لِسَانِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ وَمُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ: " مَنْ جَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُ كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ ". وَأَمَّا مَا يُورِدُونَهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَاسْتِشْهَادِهِ بِشِعْرِ ابْنِ الزِّبَعْرَى فِي وَقْعَةِ أُحُدٍ الَّتِي يَقُولُ فِيهَا: لَيْتَ أَشْيَاخِي بِبَدْرٍ شَهِدُوا     جَزَعَ الْخَزْرَجِ مِنْ وَقَعِ الْأَسَلْ حِينَ حَكَّتْ بِقُبَاءٍ بَرْكَهَا     وَاسْتَحَرَّ الْقَتْلُ فِي عَبْدِ الْأَشَلْ قَدْ قَتَلْنَا الضِّعْفَ مِنْ أَشْرَافِهِمْ     وَعَدَلْنَا مَيْلَ بَدْرٍ فَاعْتَدَلْ وَقَدْ زَادَ بَعْضُ الرَّوَافِضِ فِيهَا فَقَالَ: لَعِبَتْ هَاشِمُ بِالْمُلْكِ فَلَا     مَلَكٌ جَاءَ وَلَا وَحْيٌ نَزَلَ فَهَذَا إِنْ قَالَهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعْنَةُ اللَّاعِنِينَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَالَهُ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنْ وَضَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ لِيُشَنِّعَ عَلَيْهِ بِهِ وَعَلَى مُلُوكِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

Translation

✧ The Battle of al-Ḥarrah In the year sixty-three AH The Battle of al-Ḥarrah took place, and its cause was that the people of Madinah expelled the governor of Yazīd, who was ʿUthmān b. Muḥammad b. Abī Sufyān, and they renounced allegiance to Yazīd. Abū al-Ḥusayn al-Madāʾinī mentioned from his shaykhs: that the people of Madinah came to the pulpit and renounced Yazīd. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿAmr b. Ḥafṣ al-Makhzūmī said: "I have renounced Yazīd just as I have removed my turban"—and he took it off his head—"and I do not say this because he has given me gifts and been generous to me, but because the enemy of God is a drunkard." Another said: "I have renounced him just as I have removed my sandal," until turbans and sandals became numerous. Then they appointed over Quraysh ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ, and over the Anṣār ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥanẓalah. Then the people besieged those of the Banū Umayyah and their clients and those who held their opinion who were in Madinah. Marwān and a group of the Banū Umayyah wrote to Yazīd: "We have been besieged in the house of Marwān and denied fresh water. Help, help!" The letter reached him while he was sitting on a chair with his feet in water in a basin because of pain he had—it is said he had gout. When he read the letter, he recited: They have exchanged the forbearance that is in my nature, so I have exchanged gentleness toward my people for harshness. Then he said to the messenger: "Are there not a thousand men of Banū Umayyah and their clients in Madinah?" He said: "Yes, and more." He said: "Were they unable to fight for even an hour of the day?" The messenger said: "The people united against them, so they had no power." So he sent for ʿAmr b. Saʿīd, made him read the letter, and ordered him to march against them. He said: "I had kept the provinces in order for you and made affairs secure. But now it is only the blood of Quraysh being shed, and I do not wish to take charge of that." He said: So he sent me with the letter to Muslim b. ʿUqbah, who was an old man. He came and entered upon Yazīd, who said: "Go out and march with the people." His crier went out and announced: "March to the Ḥijāz with your full stipends and an allowance of one hundred dinars placed in the hand of each man immediately." Twelve thousand men volunteered. Yazīd wrote to Ibn Marjānah: "Raid Ibn al-Zubayr." He said: "No, by God, I will never combine both things for the sinner—killing the son of the daughter of the Messenger of God ﷺ and raiding the House." That army departed from Yazīd with Muslim b. ʿUqbah in command. The order to prepare for departure Yazīd went out to review them, girded with a sword and carrying an Arab bow, saying: Tell Abū Bakr when night travels and the people descend upon Wādī al-Qurā, whether he sees a gathered drunkard of the people or a gathered wakeful one from whom sleep has been driven away. What wonder at a heretic, what wonder! A deceiver in religion who pardons by debt. The army marched with Muslim in command. Yazīd said to him: "If something happens to you, appoint Ḥuṣayn b. Numayr al-Sakūnī over the army." He said to him: "Call the people three times. If they answer you, fine; otherwise fight them. If you prevail over them, make it permissible for three days. Whatever is in it of wealth, weapons, or food belongs to the soldiers. When the three days have passed, restrain from them. And look after ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn and treat him kindly. Bring him close to your assembly, for he has not entered into anything they have entered into." Marwān b. al-Ḥakam had spoken to Ibn ʿUmar when the people of Madinah expelled the governor of Yazīd and the Banū Umayyah, asking him to hide his family with him, but he did not do so. He then spoke to ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, saying: "I have womenfolk, and my womenfolk will be with your womenfolk." He said: "I will do that." So he sent his wife, who was ʿĀʾishah daughter of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and his womenfolk to ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. ʿAlī went out with his womenfolk and Marwān's womenfolk to Yanbuʿ. It is said: rather he sent Marwān's womenfolk and sent with them his son ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī to al-Ṭāʾif. When ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān heard that Yazīd had dispatched troops to Madinah, he said: "Would that the sky had fallen upon the earth," in awe of that. Muslim b. ʿUqbah approached with the army. When the people of Madinah learned of his approach, they rose against those of the Banū Umayyah who were with them and besieged them in the house of Marwān. They said: "No, by God, we will not leave you alone until we bring you down and strike your necks, or you give us the covenant of God and His pact that you will not seek treachery against us, nor point out any weak spot to our enemy, nor assist any enemy against us." So they gave them the covenant on that, and they brought them out of Madinah. They departed with their baggage until they met Muslim b. ʿUqbah at Wādī al-Qurā. He called for ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān and said to him: "Tell me what is behind you, and advise me." He said: "I cannot tell you anything. Oaths and covenants were taken from us that we would not point out any weak spot to you." He rebuked him and said: "Were you not the son of ʿUthmān, I would strike you. By God, I will not pardon any Qurashī after you." He went out to his companions with what he had met from him. Marwān said to his son ʿAbd al-Malik: "Enter before me; perhaps he will be satisfied with you instead of me." So ʿAbd al-Malik entered upon him. He said: "Give what you have. Tell me the news of the people, and what do you think?" He said: "Yes. I think you should march with those with you. When you reach Dhū Nakhālah, dismount so the people can rest in its shade and eat from its dates. When morning comes, move on and leave Madinah on your left. Then circle around it until you come upon them from the direction of al-Ḥarrah facing east. Then meet the people. When you face them with the sun having risen upon them, the sun will be behind the shoulders of your companions, so it will not harm them while its harm falls upon the enemy. They will see the gleam of your helmets, the points of your spears, your swords, and your coats of mail, while you will not see them as long as they are facing west. Then fight them and seek God's help against them." Muslim said to him: "May your father be given to God! What a man he begot!" Then Marwān entered upon him. He said to him: "Well?" Marwān said: "Has not ʿAbd al-Malik entered upon you?" He said: "Yes, and what a man is ʿAbd al-Malik! I have rarely spoken to a man of Quraysh like him." Marwān said: "When you meet ʿAbd al-Malik, you have met me." Then he did in every place what ʿAbd al-Malik had commanded. He came upon them from the east. Then Muslim called them and said: "O people of Madinah, the Commander of the Faithful Yazīd claims that you are the root. He says: I dislike shedding your blood, and I give you three days. Whoever returns to the truth, I will grant him safety and withdraw from you, and march against this heretic who is in Makkah. If you refuse, I have made my excuse to you." When the three days passed, he said: "O people of Madinah, what will you do? Will you make peace or fight?" They said: "Rather we will fight." He said to them: "Do not do that. Enter into obedience, and we will direct our effort and strength against the people of this heretic who has gathered to himself the apostates and sinners from every direction—meaning Ibn al-Zubayr." They said to him: "O enemies of God, if you wanted to pass through to him, we would not let you. Shall we allow you to come to the Sacred House of God and frighten its people, commit heresy in it, and violate its sanctity? No, by God, we will not do that." The people of Madinah had made a trench, and a group of them was at it, commanded by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Zuhayr b. ʿAbd ʿAwf, who was the cousin of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ was over another quarter, and they were Quraysh on one side of Madinah. Maʿqil b. Sinān al-Ashjaʿī, who was a Companion, was over another quarter, and they were the Muhājirūn. The commander of their whole force was ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥanẓalah al-Ghasīl al-Anṣārī in the largest of those quarters, and they were the Anṣār. Muslim advanced with those with him. He came from the direction of al-Ḥarrah until he pitched his tent on the road to Kufah. He was ill, so he ordered a chair to be placed for him between the two ranks. He said: "O people of Syria, fight for your commander and call upon God." They began not aiming at any quarter of those quarters but they routed it. Then he directed the cavalry toward Ibn al-Ghasīl. Ibn al-Ghasīl charged them with those with him and drove them back until they reached Muslim. Muslim rose against them with the infantry and shouted at them, and they fought a fierce fight. Then al-Faḍl b. ʿAbbās b. Rabīʿah b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib came to Ibn al-Ghasīl and fought with him with about twenty horsemen, fighting well. Then he said to Ibn al-Ghasīl: "Whoever is with you as a horseman, let him come to me and stand with me. When I charge, let them charge. By God, I will not stop until I reach Muslim and kill him or be killed before him." He did that and gathered the cavalry to him. Al-Faḍl charged with them against the Syrians and scattered them. He said to his companions: "Charge again, may I be your ransom! By God, if I see their commander, I will kill him or be killed before him." "After patience comes only victory!" Then he charged and his companions charged. The Syrian cavalry opened up from Muslim b. ʿUqbah, and with him were about five hundred infantry kneeling with spears pointed toward the people. Al-Faḍl went straight as he was toward the banner of Muslim and struck the head of its bearer, cutting through the helmet and splitting his skull, and he fell dead. He said: "Take it from me, and I am the son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib!" He thought it was Muslim and said: "I have killed the tyrant of the people, by the Lord of the Kaʿbah!" One said: "Your aim missed the pit!" That was only a Roman slave, and he was brave. Muslim took his banner and urged the Syrians, saying: "Charge with this banner!" He walked with his banner, and those men charged in front of the banner. Al-Faḍl b. ʿAbbās was thrown down and killed, with only about ten cubits between him and the tent ropes of Muslim b. ʿUqbah. With him were killed Zayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf. Muslim's cavalry and infantry advanced toward Ibn al-Ghasīl, who was urging his companions and reproaching the people of Madinah, and he sent the cavalry forward to Ibn al-Ghasīl and his companions. They did not advance against them because of the spears and swords in their hands, and they would split apart from them. Muslim called Ḥuṣayn b. Numayr and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿiḍāh al-Ashʿarī and ordered them to dismount with their soldiers. They did so and advanced against them. Ibn al-Ghasīl said to his companions: "Your enemy has now adopted the proper manner of fighting that he should have used against you. I thought they would not last but an hour before God decides between you and them, either for you or against you. Indeed you are the people of support and the abode of emigration, and I do not think your Lord has become more pleased with the people of any city of the Muslims than with you, nor more displeased with the people of any city of the Arabs than with those who fight you. Each of you has a death he will die no matter what. By God, there is no death better than the death of martyrdom, and God has brought it to you, so seize it." Then they drew near to each other, and the Syrians began shooting arrows at them. Ibn al-Ghasīl said to his companions: "Why do you expose yourselves as targets for them? Whoever wants to hasten to Paradise, let him stick to this banner." Then every man seeking death went to it. They rose against each other and fought the fiercest fighting ever seen among those who fought that day. Ibn al-Ghasīl kept sending forward his sons one by one until they were killed before him, while he struck with his sword and said: Away with whoever sought corruption and tyranny and turned aside from truth and the signs of guidance. The Merciful does not remove except the disobedient. Then he was killed, and with him was killed his maternal brother Muḥammad b. Thābit b. Qays b. Shammās. He said: "I would not like the Daylamites to have killed me instead of these people!" With him were killed ʿAbd Allāh b. Zayd b. ʿĀṣim and Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm al-Anṣārī. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam passed by him and said: "May God have mercy on you! Many a pillar I have seen you prolonging standing in prayer beside it." The people fled, and among those who fled was Muḥammad b. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ after he had fought well. Muslim made Madinah permissible for three days: they killed people and took property. Suʿdā bt. ʿAwf al-Murriyyah sent to Muslim, saying: "Your cousin's daughter says: order your companions not to intercept the camels for us at such-and-such a place." He said: "Begin with nothing but them." A woman came to Muslim and said: "I am your client, and my son is among the captives." He said: "Hasten him for her sake." So his neck was struck, and he said: "Give her his head. Would you not be pleased not to be killed until you speak for your son?" They fell upon the women. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muṭīʿ fought until he was killed, along with seven sons of his, and his head was sent to Yazīd. What happened terrified those Companions who were in Madinah. Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī went out until he entered the mountain. A man with a sword entered upon him. He said: "Who are you?" He said: "Abū Saʿīd," so he left him. From Khālid al-Kindī, from his aunt Umm al-Haytham bt. Yazīd, she said: "I saw a woman of Quraysh circumambulating, and a black man approached her. She embraced him and kissed him. I said: 'O servant of God, do you do this with this black man?' She said: 'He is my son. His father fell upon me on the day of al-Ḥarrah, and I gave birth to this one.'" From al-Madāʾinī, from Abū Qurrah, he said: Hishām b. Ḥassān said: "A thousand women gave birth after al-Ḥarrah without a husband." Then Muslim called the people to pledge allegiance to Yazīd and said: "Pledge allegiance on the basis that you are his slaves and your wealth is his." Yazīd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Rabīʿah said: "We pledge allegiance according to the Book of God." So he ordered him and his neck was struck. He began with ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān and said: "This wicked one, son of the good one," and ordered that his beard be plucked out. From Ḥuwayrithah and Ibn Jaʿdiyyah: Muslim looked at the slain of al-Ḥarrah and said: "If I enter the Fire... after it, then I am indeed wretched." Muslim took captives and imprisoned them for three days without food. They brought Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib to Muslim. They said: "Pledge allegiance." He said: "I pledge allegiance according to the conduct of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar." So he ordered his neck to be struck. A man testified that he was insane, so he let him go. From al-Madāʾinī, from ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qurashī and Abū Isḥāq al-Tamīmī, they said: When the people of Madinah and the youths were defeated, Ibn ʿUmar said: "By ʿUthmān, by the Lord of the Kaʿbah." And from al-Madāʾinī, from Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, who said: Dhakwān, the mawlā of Marwān, said: Muslim b. ʿUqbah drank a medicine after he had plundered Madinah, and he called for the midday meal. The physician said to him: Do not be hasty, for I fear for you if you eat before the medicine takes effect. He said: Woe to you! I only love to remain alive until I cool my heart—or he said: my soul—from the killers of ʿUthmān. I have attained what I wanted, and nothing is dearer to me than death in a state of purity, for I do not doubt that Allah has purified me of my sins by my killing these foul ones. And from al-Madāʾinī, from a shaykh of the people of Madinah, who said: I asked al-Zuhrī: How many were the slain on the Day of al-Ḥarrah? He said: Seven hundred of the notables of the people, from Quraysh, the Anṣār, the Muḥājirūn, and the notables of the mawālī, and of those not recognized, from slave and free and women, ten thousand. The battle took place on the third remaining day of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, year sixty-three, and they plundered Madinah for three days. And from al-Madāʾinī, with his chain, from a man of Quraysh, who said: I was staying at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah, and I entered the mosque, and there was a sick man. I said: Who are you? He said: I am a man from Khathʿam. I came from Najrān and fell ill, and my companions left me behind and went on. So I moved him to my lodging, and he stayed with us until he recovered, and he remained with us for a while like one of us. I made for my wife some jewelry worth a hundred dinars while he saw that. Then he went out to Syria, and he came to Madinah during the days of al-Ḥarrah after we had moved from Dhū al-Ḥulayfah to Madinah. When Muslim had plundered Madinah, he came to us in a group, and I heard the clamor in the house. I went out, and there he was with his companions outside. I said to him: We had been hoping for you. He said: I have only come to ward off from your blood, but I will take your property, for the commander has ordered us to plunder, and what you have will be seized, and I have a better right to it. I said: You, by my life, have a better right to it. So turn away your companions and take it alone. He went out and sent his companions back and returned. He said: What happened to the jewelry? I said: It is as it was. He said: Then bring it. I said: It is buried at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah by the well that you saw. When evening comes, we will go out to it and I will hand it over to you. So when evening came, I went out, he and I, and two of my sons followed me until we reached the well, whose depth was thirty cubits. We seized him—I and my two sons—and bound him tightly, and we threw him into the well and buried him in it, and we returned. When morning came, there was a man who had been with him yesterday, and he came to us and said: Where is Abū al-Muḥarrish? We said: He went away at dawn. He said: By Allah, I think he deceived us and took the goods. We said: He took nothing. Enter and look. So he entered, and we locked the door on him and killed him. And from al-Madāʾinī, with his chain, from Abū Bakr b. Ibrāhīm b. Nuʿaym b. al-Naḥḥām, who said: A caravan of the people of Yemen passed by, heading to Syria, with a sick man among them. They wanted to bury him while he was still alive, but my father prevented them. They went on and left him behind. It was not long before he recovered and became well. My father equipped him and gave him a mount. He was among those who came with Muslim. A slave girl of ours saw him and recognized him, and she said: ʿAmr? He said: Yes, and he recognized her. He said: What happened to Abū Isḥāq? She said: He was killed. He said to his companions: These are the least wealthy household in Madinah, so plunder their house. And it became a proverb in Madinah: "And you are less grateful than ʿAmr." Then Muslim appointed Rawḥ b. Zinbāʿ as his successor over Madinah, and he marched against Ibn al-Zubayr. He was at the point of death on the way, and he said to Ḥuṣayn b. Numayr: You will advance upon Makkah, and they have no strength or weapons, and they have mountains overlooking them. So set up the mangonel against them, for they are between two mountains. If they seek refuge in the House, then shoot at it and aim at its structure. Abū Maʿshar and al-Wāqidī said: The battle of al-Ḥarrah took place on Wednesday, two nights having passed of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, year sixty-three. And some of them said: On the third remaining day of it. Those killed at al-Ḥarrah Muḥammad b. ʿUmārah said: I came to Syria on business, and a man said to me: Where are you from? I said: From Madinah. He said: A wicked one. I said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called it Ṭaybah, and you call it wicked! He said: I have a story with it. When the people went out to the battle of al-Ḥarrah, I saw in a dream that I killed a man named Muḥammad, and by killing him I would enter the Fire. I strove not to march with them, but it was not accepted from me. So I marched with them and did not fight until the battle was over. Then I passed by a man among the slain who still had a spark of life, and he said: Move aside, O dog! I was angered by his words and killed him. Then I remembered my dream, and I brought a man from the people of Madinah to examine the slain. When he saw the man I had killed, he said: We belong to Allah! The killer of this man will not enter Paradise. I said: And who is this? He said: He is Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm. He was born during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he named him Muḥammad and gave him the kunyah Abū ʿAbd al-Malik. So I went to his family and offered them that they kill me, but they did not do so, and I offered them the blood money, but they did not take it. And among those killed at al-Ḥarrah was ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀṣim al-Anṣārī—not the one of the call to prayer; that one was Ibn Zayd b. Thaʿlabah. And there was also killed in it ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Mawhab. And Wahb b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Zamʿah b. al-Aswad. And ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Raḥmān b. Ḥāṭib. And Zubayr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf. And ʿAbd Allāh b. Nawfal b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. Another narration of the battle of al-Ḥarrah The story of al-Ḥarrah has been narrated otherwise than what Abū Mikhnaf narrated. From Juwayriyah b. Asmāʾ, who said: I heard the elders of the people of Madinah narrate that when Muʿāwiyah was near death, he called his son Yazīd and said to him: You will have a day with the people of Madinah. If they act, then throw Muslim b. ʿUqbah at them, for he is a man whose sincerity I have known. When Muʿāwiyah died, a delegation from the people of Madinah came to him. Among those who came was ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥanẓalah b. Abī ʿĀmir—and he was noble, virtuous, a lord, and a devoted worshipper—with eight of his sons. He gave him a hundred thousand dirhams, and he gave his sons, each one of them, ten thousand, besides their clothing and mounts. When ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥanẓalah came to Madinah, the people came to him and said: What is behind you? He said: I have come to you from a man by whom, by Allah, if I had only these sons of mine, I would fight him with them. They said: It has reached us that he gave you and clothed you and honored you. He said: He did, and I accepted from him only to strengthen myself with it. So he urged the people, and they pledged allegiance to him. That reached Yazīd, and he sent Muslim b. ʿUqbah against them. The people of Madinah had sent to every water between them and Syria and poured into it a skin of tar and spoiled it. But Allah sent upon the Syrian army a pouring rain, and they did not draw water with a bucket until they reached Madinah. The people of Madinah went out against them with great numbers and an appearance the like of which had not been seen. When the Syrians saw them, they feared them and disliked fighting them, and Muslim was in severe pain. While the people were fighting, they heard the takbīr from behind them in the midst of Madinah, and the Banū Ḥārithah of the people of Syria charged them on the open ground. The people were routed, and those who fell into the trench were more numerous than those killed among the people. They entered Madinah, and the people were defeated while ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥanẓalah was leaning against a wall, snoring in sleep. His son woke him. When he opened his eyes and saw what the people had done, he ordered his eldest son, who advanced until he was killed. Then Muslim b. ʿUqbah entered Madinah and called the people to pledge allegiance on the condition that they were slaves of Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah, who might judge in their blood, their wealth, and their families as he wished. And from al-Madāʾinī, who said: When the people of al-Ḥarrah were killed, a crier cried out in Makkah on Abū Qubays in the evening of that night, while Ibn al-Zubayr was sitting and listening: The choice ones were killed, the sons of the choice, possessors of awe and generosity, And the fasting ones, the standing in prayer, the devout ones, the people of righteousness, The guided ones, the God-fearing, the foremost to success. What befell at Wāqim and al-Baqīʿ of the noble pure ones, And the valleys of Yathrib—woe to them—from the wailing women and the cries! Ibn al-Zubayr said to his companions: O people, your companions have been killed. We belong to Allah and to Him we return. The error of Yazīd in permitting Madinah for three days Yazīd erred with a monstrous error in his saying to Muslim b. ʿUqbah to permit Madinah for three days. This is a great error, for in these three days there befell the prophetic Madinah such great evils as cannot be counted or described, which none knows but Allah, Mighty and Majestic. By sending Muslim b. ʿUqbah he intended to consolidate his authority and kingship and to prolong his days. But Allah punished him with the opposite of his intention, and Allah, the Breaker of tyrants, broke him, and seized him with the seizing of One Mighty and Powerful. Al-Bukhārī said in his Ṣaḥīḥ, with his chain, from ʿĀʾishah bt. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, from her father, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "No one plots against the people of Madinah except that he melts away as salt melts in water." And from al-Sāʾib b. Khallād, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frightens the people of Madinah unjustly, Allah will frighten him, and upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people. Allah will not accept from him on the Day of Resurrection any ransom or justice." And from Muḥammad and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, the two sons of Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: We went out with our father on the day of al-Ḥarrah, and his sight had failed. He said: May he perish who frightens the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. We said: O father, does anyone frighten the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?! He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Whoever frightens this quarter of the Anṣār has frightened what is between these two," and he placed his palms on his sides. The cursing of Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah Some have used this hadith and its like as evidence for those who permitted the cursing of Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah. This is a narration from Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal chosen by al-Khallāl, Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the qāḍī Abū Yaʿlā, and his son the qāḍī Abū al-Ḥusayn. Al-Shaykh Abū al-Faraj b. al-Jawzī defended that in a separate work and permitted cursing him. Others forbade that—and they also composed works about it—lest his cursing be made a means to curse his father or any of the Companions. They interpreted what issued from him of evil actions as being based on his own interpretation in which he erred. They said: He was, along with that, a sinful imam, and the imam, when he sins, is not removed merely for that, according to the sounder of the two opinions of the scholars. Rather, it is not permissible to rebel against him, because of the stirring up of discord and the occurrence of turmoil, as happened. As for what some people mention that Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah, when the news of the people of Madinah reached him, and what befell them at al-Ḥarrah from Muslim b. ʿUqbah and his army, rejoiced greatly at that—for he considered himself the imam, and they had gone out of obedience to him and appointed someone else over themselves, so he had the right to fight them until they returned to obedience and adherence to the community, just as he had warned them of that through the tongue of al-Nuʿmān b. Bashīr and Muslim b. ʿUqbah for three days, as preceded, and it has come in the authentic hadith: "Whoever comes to you while your affair is united, wanting to divide you, then kill him, whoever he may be." As for what they cite from him of poetry about that, and his citing the poetry of Ibn al-Zibaʿrā from the battle of Uḥud, in which he says: Would that my elders at Badr had witnessed the distress of the Khazraj at the falling of the spears, When at Qubāʾ their kneeling camels scraped their chests, and killing raged among ʿAbd al-Ashal. We killed the weak among their nobles, and we evened the tilt of Badr, so it became straight. And some of the Rāfiḍah added to it, saying: Hāshim played with kingship, so no king came, and no revelation descended. If Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah said this, then may the curse of Allah be upon him and the curse of the cursers. And if he did not say it, then may the curse of Allah be upon the one who attributed it to him to defame him and the kings of the Muslims with it.

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