Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2196
The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān
بَيْعَةِ يَزِيدَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا خَالِدٍ، وُلِدَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ هُوَ وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَأُمُّهُ مَيْسُونُ بِنْتُ بَحْدَلٍ، وَكَانَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ جَمَاعَةٌ، فَمِنْهُمْ: مُعَاوِيَةُ ابْنُهُ، وَوَلِيَ الْخِلَافَةَ بَعْدَهُ أَيَّامًا. وَمِنْهُمْ: عَاتِكَةُ، تَزَوَّجَهَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْلَادٍ، وَهَذِهِ عَاتِكَةُ كَانَ لَهَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ مَحْرَمًا كُلُّهُمْ خُلَفَاءُ: أَبُوهَا يَزِيدُ، وَجَدُّهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، وَأَخُوهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَزَوْجُهَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَحَمُوهَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ، وَابْنُهَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَابْنُ أَبِيهَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَبَنُو زَوْجِهَا: الْوَلِيدُ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ، وَهِشَامٌ، وَابْنَا ابْنِ زَوْجِهَا: يَزِيدُ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ، ابْنَا الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. وَلَمْ يَتَّفِقْ مِثْلُ هَذَا لِامْرَأَةٍ سِوَاهَا. وَقَدْ أَسْنَدَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْحَدِيثَ، فَرَوَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَإِسْنَادُنَا إِلَيْهِ مُتَّصِلٌ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ أَحْمَدَ سُئِلَ: أَيُرْوَى عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْحَدِيثُ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَا كَرَامَةَ، فَلِذَلِكَ امْتَنَعْنَا أَنْ نُسْنِدَ عَنْهُ. وقِيلَ: فِي رَجَبٍ مِنْ سنة ستين بُويِعَ يَزِيدُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِيهِ، عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ مِنَ الْخِلَافِ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا تَوَلَّى كَانَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَعَلَى مَكَّةَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَعَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، وَعَلَى الْكُوفَةِ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَزِيدَ هِمَّةٌ إِلَّا بَيْعَةُ النَّفَرِ الَّذِينَ أَبَوْا عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بَيْعَتَهُ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ يُخْبِرُهُ بِمَوْتِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَكِتَابًا آخَرَ صَغِيرًا فِيهِ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَخُذْ حُسَيْنًا وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ وَابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ بِالْبَيْعَةِ أَخْذًا لَيْسَ فِيهِ رُخْصَةٌ حَتَّى يُبَايِعُوا، وَالسَّلَامُ. فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ نَعْيُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فُظِعَ بِهِ وَكَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ وَبَعَثَ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَدَعَاهُ. وَكَانَ مَرْوَانُ عَامِلًا عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ قَبْلِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَهَا الْوَلِيدُ كَانَ مَرْوَانُ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَيْهِ مُتَكَارِهًا، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْوَلِيدُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ شَتَمَهُ عِنْدَ جُلَسَائِهِ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَرْوَانَ فَانْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ مُصَارِمًا لَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ نَعْيُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَلَمَّا عَظُمَ عَلَى الْوَلِيدِ هَلَاكُهُ وَمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ مِنْ بَيْعَةِ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرِ، اسْتَدْعَى مَرْوَانَ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ بِمَوْتِ مُعَاوِيَةَ اسْتَرْجَعَ وَتَرَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَشَارَهُ الْوَلِيدُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ. قَالَ: أَرَى أَنْ تَدْعُوَهُمُ السَّاعَةَ وَتَأْمُرَهُمْ بِالْبَيْعَةِ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا قَبِلْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَكَفَفْتَ عَنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا ضَرَبْتَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا بِمَوْتِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمُوا بِمَوْتِهِ وَثَبَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ بِنَاحِيَةٍ وَأَظْهَرَ الْخِلَافَ وَدَعَا إِلَى نَفْسِهِ، أَمَّا ابْنُ عُمَرَ فَلَا يَرَى الْقِتَالَ وَلَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَلِيَ عَلَى النَّاسِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ عَفْوًا. فَأَرْسَلَ الْوَلِيدُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ حَدَثٌ، إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ يَدْعُوهُمَا، فَوَجَدَهُمَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَهُمَا جَالِسَانِ، فَأَتَاهُمَا فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلِيدُ يَجْلِسُ فِيهَا لِلنَّاسِ فَقَالَ: أَجِيبَا الْأَمِيرَ. فَقَالَا: انْصَرِفِ، الْآنَ نَأْتِيهِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لِلْحُسَيْنِ: مَا تَرَاهُ بَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَكُنْ يَجْلِسُ فِيهَا ؟ فَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: أَظُنُّ أَنَّ طَاغِيَتَهُمْ قَدْ هَلَكَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا لِيَأْخُذَنَا بِالْبَيْعَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْشُوَ فِي النَّاسِ الْخَبَرُ. فَقَالَ: وَأَنَا مَا أَظُنُّ غَيْرَهُ، فَمَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَصْنَعَ ؟ قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: أَجْمَعُ فِتْيَانِي السَّاعَةَ ثُمَّ أَمْشِي إِلَيْهِ وَأُجْلِسُهُمْ عَلَى الْبَابِ وَأَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أَخَافُهُ عَلَيْكَ إِذَا دَخَلْتَ. قَالَ: لَا آتِيهِ إِلَّا وَأَنَا قَادِرٌ عَلَى الِامْتِنَاعِ. فَقَامَ فَجَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَصْحَابَهُ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى بَابِ الْوَلِيدِ وَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنِّي دَاخِلٌ فَإِذَا دَعَوْتُكُمْ أَوْ سَمِعْتُمْ صَوْتِي قَدْ عَلَا فَادْخُلُوا عَلَيَّ بِأَجْمَعِكُمْ وَإِلَّا فَلَا تَبْرَحُوا حَتَّى أَخْرُجَ إِلَيْكُمْ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فَسَلَّمَ، وَمَرْوَانُ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: الصِّلَةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْقَطِيعَةِ، وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْفَسَادِ ، وَقَدْ آنَ لَكُمَا أَنْ تَجْتَمِعَا، أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمَا، وَجَلَسَ، فَأَقْرَأَهُ الْوَلِيدُ الْكِتَابَ، وَنَعَى لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَدَعَاهُ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ، فَاسْتَرْجَعَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَتَرَحَّمَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَقَالَ: أَمَّا الْبَيْعَةُ فَإِنَّ مِثْلِي لَا يُبَايِعُ سِرًّا وَلَا يُجْتَزَأُ بِهَا مِنِّي سِرًّا، فَإِذَا خَرَجْتَ إِلَى النَّاسِ وَدَعَوْتَهُمْ لِلْبَيْعَةِ وَدَعَوْتَنَا مَعَهُمْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ وَاحِدًا. فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ، وَكَانَ يُحِبُّ الْعَافِيَةَ: انْصَرِفْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ مَرْوَانُ: لَئِنْ فَارَقَكَ السَّاعَةَ وَلَمْ يُبَايِعْ لَا قَدَرْتَ مِنْهُ عَلَى مِثْلِهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّى تَكْثُرَ الْقَتْلَى بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ، احْبِسْهُ فَإِنْ بَايَعَ وَإِلَّا ضَرَبْتَ عُنُقَهُ. فَوَثَبَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَقَالَ: ابْنَ الزَّرْقَاءِ أَأَنْتَ تَقْتُلُنِي أَمْ هُوَ ؟ كَذَبْتَ وَاللَّهِ وَلَؤُمْتَ ! ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى مَنْزِلَهُ. فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ لِلْوَلِيدِ: عَصَيْتَنِي، لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يُمَكِّنُكَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ بِمِثْلِهَا أَبَدًا، فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: وَبِّخْ غَيْرَكَ يَا مَرْوَانُ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِي مَا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ وَغَرَبَتْ عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِ الدُّنْيَا وَمُلْكِهَا وَأَنِّي قَتَلْتُ حُسَيْنًا إِنْ قَالَ لَا أُبَايِعُ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَظُنَّ أَنَّ امْرَأً يُحَاسَبُ بِدَمِ الْحُسَيْنِ لَخَفِيفُ الْمِيزَانِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. قَالَ مَرْوَانُ: قَدْ أَصَبْتَ. يَقُولُ لَهُ هَذَا وَهُوَ غَيْرُ حَامِدٍ لَهُ عَلَى رَأْيِهِ. وَأَمَّا ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ: الْآنَ آتِيكُمْ. ثُمَّ أَتَى دَارَهُ فَكَمَنَ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلِيدُ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ جَمَعَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَاحْتَرَزَ، فَأَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِ الْوَلِيدُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَمْهِلُونِي. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلِيدُ مَوَالِيهِ، فَشَتَمُوهُ وَقَالُوا لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ الْكَاهِلِيَّةِ لَتَأْتِيَنَّ الْأَمِيرَ أَوْ لَيَقْتُلَنَّكَ ! فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدِ اسْتَرَبْتُ لِكَثْرَةِ الْإِرْسَالِ، فَلَا تُعَجِّلُونِي حَتَّى أَبْعَثَ إِلَى الْأَمِيرِ مَنْ يَأْتِينِي بِرَأْيِهِ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَخَاهُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ، كُفَّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّكَ قَدْ أَفْزَعْتَهُ وَذَعَرْتَهُ وَهُوَ يَأْتِيكَ غَدًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، فَمُرْ رُسُلَكَ فَلْيَنْصَرِفُوا عَنْهُ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَانْصَرَفُوا. خروج عبد الله بن الزبير إلى مكة وَخَرَجَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ فَأَخَذَ طَرِيقَ الْفُرْعِ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ جَعْفَرٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمَا ثَالِثٌ وَسَارَا نَحْوَ مَكَّةَ، فَسَرَّحَ الرِّجَالَ فِي طَلَبِهِ فَلَمْ يُدْرِكُوهُ، فَرَجَعُوا وَتَشَاغَلُوا بِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ لَيْلَتَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ الرِّجَالَ إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: أَصْبِحُوا ثُمَّ تَرَوْنَ وَنَرَى، وَكَانُوا يُبْقُونَ عَلَيْهِ، فَكَفُّوا عَنْهُ، فَسَارَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ: وَكَانَ مَخْرَجُ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَبْلَهُ بِلَيْلَةٍ، وَأَخَذَ مَعَهُ بَنِيهِ وَإِخْوَتَهُ وَبَنِي أَخِيهِ وَجُلَّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا مُحَمَّدَ ابْنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَخِي أَنْتَ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ وَأَعَزُّهُمْ عَلَيَّ وَلَسْتُ أَذَّخِرُ النَّصِيحَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ أَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنْكَ، تَنَحَّ بِبَيْعَتِكَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ وَعَنِ الْأَمْصَارِ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ وَابْعَثْ رُسُلَكَ إِلَى النَّاسِ وَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى نَفْسِكَ فَإِنْ بَايَعُوا لَكَ حَمِدْتَ اللَّهَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ أَجْمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَى غَيْرِكَ لَمْ يَنْقُصِ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ دِينَكَ وَلَا عَقْلَكَ وَلَا تَذْهَبُ بِهِ مُرُوءَتُكَ وَلَا فَضْلُكَ، إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ مِصْرًا وَجَمَاعَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ فَيَخْتَلِفُوا عَلَيْكَ، فَمِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مَعَكَ وَأُخْرَى عَلَيْكَ، فَيَقْتَتِلُونَ فَتَكُونُ لِأَوَّلِ الْأَسِنَّةِ، فَإِذَا خَيْرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ كُلِّهَا نَفْسًا وَأَبًا وَأُمًّا أَضْيَعُهَا دَمًا وَأَذَلُّهَا أَهْلًا. قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: فَأَيْنَ أَذْهَبُ يَا أَخِي ؟ قَالَ: انْزِلْ مَكَّةَ فَإِنِ اطْمَأَنَّتْ بِكَ الدَّارُ فَبِسَبِيلِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ نَأْتِ بِكَ لَحِقْتَ بِالرِّمَالِ وَشَعَفِ الْجِبَالِ وَخَرَجْتَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ حَتَّى تَنْظُرَ إِلَى مَا يَصِيرُ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ، وَيَفْرُقَ لَكَ الرَّأْيُ، فَإِنَّكَ أَصْوَبُ مَا يَكُونُ رَأْيًا وَأَحْزَمُهُ عَمَلًا حِينَ تَسْتَقْبِلُ الْأُمُورَ اسْتِقْبَالًا، وَلَا تَكُونُ الْأُمُورُ عَلَيْكَ أَبَدًا أَشْكَلَ مِنْهَا حِينَ تَسْتَدْبِرُهَا. قَالَ: يَا أَخِي قَدْ نَصَحْتَ وَأَشْفَقْتَ، وَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ رَأْيُكَ سَدِيدًا وَمُوَفَّقًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَهُوَ يَتَمَثَّلُ بُقُولِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُفَرِّغٍ: لَا ذَعَرْتُ السَّوَامَ فِي شَفَقِ الصُّبْ حِ مُغِيرًا وَلَا دُعِيتُ يَزِيدَا يَوْمَ أُعْطَى مِنَ الْمَهَانَةِ ضَيْمًا وَالْمَنَايَا يَرْصُدْنَنِي أَنْ أَحِيدَا خروج الحسين إلى مكة وَلَمَّا سَارَ الْحُسَيْنُ نَحْوَ مَكَّةَ قَرَأَ: فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ الْآيَةَ. فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ قَرَأَ: وَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَ تِلْقَاءَ مَدْيَنَ الْآيَةَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْوَلِيدَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ لِيُبَايِعَ فَقَالَ: إِذَا بَايَعَ النَّاسُ بَايَعْتُ، فَتَرَكُوهُ وَكَانُوا لَا يَتَخَوَّفُونَهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ هُوَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَكَّةَ فَعَادَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَقِيَهُمَا الْحُسَيْنُ وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فَسَأَلَاهُمَا: مَا وَرَاءَكُمَا ؟ فَقَالَا: مَوْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَبَيْعَةُ يَزِيدَ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا تُفَرِّقَا جَمَاعَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَقَدِمَ هُوَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ الْمَدِينَةَ. فَلَمَّا بَايَعَ النَّاسُ بَايَعَا. قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مَكَّةَ وَعَلَيْهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا قَالَ: أَنَا عَائِذٌ بِالْبَيْتِ. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي بِصَلَاتِهِمْ وَلَا يَفِيضُ بِإِفَاضَتِهِمْ، وَكَانَ يَقِفُ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ نَاحِيَةً.
Translation
✧ The pledge of allegiance to Yazīd Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān He was given the kunyah Abū Khālid, born in the year twenty-six, he and ʿAbd al-Malik. His mother was Maysūn bt. Baḥdal. He had a number of children, among them his son Muʿāwiyah, who assumed the caliphate after him for a few days. Among them was ʿĀtikah, whom ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān married, and she bore him four children. This ʿĀtikah had twelve maḥrams, all of them caliphs: her father Yazīd, her grandfather Muʿāwiyah, her brother Muʿāwiyah b. Yazīd, her husband ʿAbd al-Malik, her father-in-law Marwān b. al-Ḥakam, her son Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, the son of her father al-Walīd b. Yazīd, and the sons of her husband: al-Walīd, Sulaymān, Hishām, and the two sons of the son of her husband: Yazīd and Ibrāhīm, the two sons of al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik. The like of this never came together for any woman other than her. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah transmitted ḥadīth, narrating from his father, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Our chain of transmission to him is connected, except that Imām Aḥmad was asked: Is ḥadīth to be narrated from Yazīd? He said: No, and no honor. For that reason we refrained from transmitting with a chain through him. It is said: In Rajab of the year sixty, Yazīd was given the pledge of allegiance to the caliphate after the death of his father, according to what preceded regarding the dispute about him. When he took office, al-Walīd b. ʿUtbah b. Abī Sufyān was governor of al-Madīnah, ʿAmr b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ of Makkah, ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād of al-Baṣrah, and al-Nuʿmān b. Bashīr of al-Kūfah. Yazīd's only concern was the pledge of allegiance of the group who had refused to pledge to Muʿāwiyah. He wrote to al-Walīd informing him of the death of Muʿāwiyah, and another small letter containing: To proceed: take the pledge of allegiance from Ḥusayn, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, and Ibn al-Zubayr, taking it in a manner that allows no concession, until they pledge. Peace. When the news of Muʿāwiyah's death reached him, it appalled him and weighed heavily upon him, and he sent for Marwān b. al-Ḥakam and summoned him. Marwān had been governor of al-Madīnah before al-Walīd. When al-Walīd arrived, Marwān used to come to him reluctantly. When al-Walīd saw that from him, he reviled him in the presence of his companions. That reached Marwān, so he cut himself off from him and remained estranged from him until the news of Muʿāwiyah's death came. When the death of Muʿāwiyah and what he had ordered regarding the pledge of these individuals loomed large upon al-Walīd, he summoned Marwān. When he read the letter about the death of Muʿāwiyah, he said, “To Allah we belong and to Him we return,” and asked mercy for him. Al-Walīd consulted him about what to do. He said: I think you should summon them this very hour and command them to pledge allegiance. If they do so, accept it from them and hold back from them. If they refuse, strike their necks before they learn of the death of Muʿāwiyah. For if they learn of his death, every man among them will leap to a corner, show opposition, and call to himself. As for Ibn ʿUmar, he does not favor fighting and does not love to be in authority over the people unless this matter is handed to him without effort. Al-Walīd sent ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān, a young boy, to Ḥusayn and Ibn al-Zubayr to summon them. He found them in the mosque, sitting. He came to them at an hour when al-Walīd did not usually sit for the people and said: Answer the governor. They said: Go away, we will come to him now. Ibn al-Zubayr said to Ḥusayn: What do you think he has sent for us at this hour in which he does not usually sit? Ḥusayn said: I think their tyrant has perished, and he has sent for us to take the pledge from us before the news spreads among the people. He said: I think nothing else. What do you intend to do? Ḥusayn said: I will gather my young men now, then go to him and seat them at the door, and I will enter upon him. He said: I fear him for you when you enter. He said: I will not come to him unless I am able to defend myself. He rose, gathered his companions and the people of his house, then came to the door of al-Walīd and said to his companions: I am entering. If I call you or you hear my voice rise, enter upon me all together; otherwise do not move until I come out to you. Then he entered and greeted. Marwān was with him. Ḥusayn said: Maintaining ties is better than severing them, and reconciliation is better than corruption. It is time for you two to come together. May Allah set right what is between you. And he sat. Al-Walīd read him the letter, announced the death of Muʿāwiyah to him, and called him to pledge allegiance. Ḥusayn said, “To Allah we belong and to Him we return,” and asked mercy for Muʿāwiyah, and said: As for the pledge, someone like me does not pledge secretly, nor is a secret pledge from me sufficient. When you go out to the people and call them to pledge and call us with them, the matter will be one. Al-Walīd, who loved peace, said: Go away. Marwān said to him: If he leaves you now without pledging, you will never have the like of this opportunity with him until many are slain between you and him. Detain him. If he pledges, then good; otherwise strike his neck. At that Ḥusayn leaped up and said: Son of al-Zarqāʾ! Will you kill me or he? You have lied, by Allah, and acted basely! Then he went out until he reached his house. Marwān said to al-Walīd: You have disobeyed me. No, by Allah, he will never give you the like of this opportunity again. Al-Walīd said: Blame someone else, O Marwān. By Allah, I would not love to have all that the sun rises and sets upon of worldly wealth and dominion and that I had killed Ḥusayn if he said, “I will not pledge.” By Allah, I think that a man who is held to account for the blood of Ḥusayn will be light in the scale with Allah on the Day of Resurrection. Marwān said: You have done right. He said this to him while not praising him for his opinion. As for Ibn al-Zubayr, he said: I will come to you now. Then he went to his house and hid in it. Al-Walīd sent to him and found that he had gathered his companions and taken precautions. Al-Walīd pressed him, and he kept saying: Give me time. Al-Walīd sent his mawālī to him. They insulted him and said to him: O son of the soothsayer woman, you will come to the governor or he will kill you! He said to them: By Allah, I have become suspicious because of the frequency of messengers. Do not rush me until I send to the governor someone to bring me his opinion. He sent his brother Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr to him, who said: May Allah have mercy on you, desist from ʿAbd Allāh, for you have alarmed and frightened him, and he will come to you tomorrow, if Allah Almighty wills. Order your messengers to go away from him. So he sent to them, and they went away. The departure of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr to Makkah Ibn al-Zubayr departed that night, taking the road of al-Furʿ, he and his brother Jaʿfar, with no third with them, and they traveled toward Makkah. He dispatched men in pursuit of him, but they did not catch him. They returned and were occupied with him that night to the neglect of Ḥusayn. Then he sent men to Ḥusayn, and Ḥusayn said to them: Wait until morning, then you will see and we will see. They were sparing toward him, so they held back from him. He traveled that night: Ibn al-Zubayr's departure was a night before his. He took with him his sons, brothers, nephews, and most of the people of his house, except Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah, for he said to him: O my brother, you are the most beloved of people to me and the dearest of them to me. I do not withhold advice from anyone more deserving of it than you. Withdraw with your pledge from Yazīd and from the garrison towns as much as you can. Send your messengers to the people and call them to yourself. If they pledge to you, praise Allah for that. If the people unite upon someone other than you, Allah does not thereby diminish your religion or your intellect, nor does your manliness or your excellence vanish. I fear that you will come to a garrison town and a group of people, and they will differ over you. Among them will be a faction with you and another against you, and they will fight, and you will be the first target of spears. Then the best of this entire community in soul, father, and mother would be the most wasted in blood and the most humiliated in family. Ḥusayn said: Where shall I go, O my brother? He said: Dismount at Makkah. If the abode is settled for you, then that is the way of it. If it rejects you, join the sands and the mountain peaks and go from land to land until you see what becomes of the people's affair, and judgment becomes clear to you. You are most sound in judgment and most resolute in action when you face matters head-on. Matters are never more obscure to you than when you turn your back on them. He said: O my brother, you have advised and shown compassion. I hope your judgment is sound and guided, if Allah wills. Then he entered the mosque, reciting the verses of Yazīd b. Mufarrigh: I did not startle the grazing herds in the twilight of dawn as a raider, nor was I called Yazīd On a day when I was given humiliation as an injury, while destinies lie in wait for me should I turn aside. The departure of Ḥusayn to Makkah When Ḥusayn traveled toward Makkah, he recited: “So he departed from it, fearful and vigilant” [28:21]. When he entered Makkah, he recited: “And when he turned his face toward Midian” [28:22]. Then al-Walīd sent to Ibn ʿUmar to pledge allegiance. He said: When the people pledge, I will pledge. So they left him, for they did not fear him. It is said that Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn ʿAbbās were in Makkah, and they returned to al-Madīnah. Ḥusayn and Ibn al-Zubayr met them and asked: What is behind you? They said: The death of Muʿāwiyah and the pledge to Yazīd. Ibn ʿUmar said: Do not divide the community of the Muslims. He and Ibn ʿAbbās arrived in al-Madīnah. When the people pledged, they both pledged. He said: Ibn al-Zubayr entered Makkah, whose governor was ʿAmr b. Saʿīd. When he entered, he said: I seek refuge with the House. He would not pray with their prayer nor perform the ifāḍah with their ifāḍah; he and his companions would stand apart in a corner.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.