Dalil

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2194

The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān

مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ  جَرْوَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُؤْيَةَ جَرْوَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُؤْيَةَ بْنِ مَخْزُومِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ غَالِبِ بْنِ قَطِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْسٍ: وَهُوَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ، لُقِّبَ بِذَلِكَ لِقِصَرِهِ وَقُرْبِهِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا مُلَيْكَةَ. وَهُوَ جَاهِلِيٌّ إِسْلَامِيٌّ، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَنَّهُ لَا ذِكْرَ لَهُ فِي الصَّحَابَةِ وَلَا فِي الْوُفُودِ. وَكَانَ خَبِيثَ اللِّسَانِ كَثِيرَ الْهِجَاءِ، هَجَا أَبَاهُ وَأُمَّهُ وَعَمَّهُ وَخَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ، فَقَالَ [لِأُمِّهِ ]: تَنَحَّيْ فَاقْعُدِي مِنِّي بَعِيدًا أَرَاحَ اللَّهُ مِنْكِ الْعَالَمِينَا     أَغِرْبَالًا إِذَا اسْتُودِعْتِ سِرًّا وَكَانُونًا لَدَى الْمُتَحَدِّثِينَا     جَزَاكِ اللَّهُ شَرًّا مِنْ عَجُوزٍ وَلَقَّاكِ الْعُقُوقَ مِنَ الْبَنِينَا وَقَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَعَمِّهِ وَخَالِهِ: لَحَاكَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ لَحَاكَ حَقًّا     أَبَا وَلَحَاكَ مِنْ عَمٍّ وَخَالٍ فَنِعْمَ الشَّيْخُ أَنْتَ لَدَى الْمَخَازِي     وَبِئْسَ الشَّيْخُ أَنْتَ لَدَى الْمَعَالِي وَقَالَ لِنَفْسِهِ: أَبَتْ شَفَتَايَ الْيَوْمَ أَلَّا تَكَلَّمَا     بِشَرٍّ فَمَا أَدْرِي لِمَنْ أَنَا قَائِلُهْ أَرَى لِي وَجْهًا شَوَّهَ اللَّهُ خَلْقَهُ     فَقُبِّحَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ وَقُبِّحَ حَامِلُهْ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى: قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ فِي الرِّدَّةِ الزِّبْرِقَانُ، فَسَاقَ صَدَقَاتِ عَوْفٍ وَالْأَبْنَاءِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ رَأَى الْحُطَيْئَةَ - وَكَانَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ أَسْوَدَ اللِّسَانِ وَدَاخِلَ الْفَمِ وَمُلْتَقِي الشَّفَتَيْنِ - وَهُوَ يَتَبَخْتَرُ فِي هَدْمٍ لَهُ، أَشْعَثَ أَغْبَرَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ بَيْنَ الزِّبْرِقَانِ وَبَيْنَ بَنِي قُرَيْعٍ مُقَارَضَةٌ وَمُهَاجَاةٌ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَظْهِرَ بِالْحُطَيْئَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: وَيْلَكَ إِنَّكَ بِمَضْيَعَةٍ وَأَرَاكَ شَاعِرًا، فَهَلْ لَكَ إِلَى خَيْرِ مُوَاسَاةٍ ؟ قَالَ: وَدِدْتُ، قَالَ: فَالْحَقْ بِبَنِي سَعْدٍ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ فَإِنَّمَا أُؤَدِّي هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُ بِكَ، قَالَ: عَمَّنْ أَسْأَلُ ؟ قَالَ: أُمُّ مَطْلَعِ الشَّمْسِ ثُمَّ سَلْ عَنِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ ثُمَّ ائْتِ أُمَّ سِدْرَةَ فَقُلْ لَهَا: يَقُولُ لَكِ بَعْلُكِ الزِّبْرِقَانُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ أَحْسِنِي إِلَى قَوْمِكِ، فَإِنَّهَا سَتَفْعَلُ. فَفَعَلَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ بَنُو قُرَيْعٍ قَالُوا: دَاهِيَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْتَظْهِرَ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا، فَأَتَاهُ نَقِيضُ بْنُ شَمَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا مُلَيْكَةَ جِئْتَ مِنْ بِلَادِكَ وَلَا أَرَى فِي يَدِكَ شَيْئًا، هَلْ لَكَ إِلَى خَصْلَةٍ هِيَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِمَّا أَنْتَ فِيهِ، قَالَ: مَا هِيَ ؟ قَالَ: مِائَةُ بَعِيرٍ وَتَتَحَوَّلُ إِلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ ضَامِنُونَ لِأَهْلِكَ مِنْ عِيَالِكَ أَنْ يُدَبِّرُوا مِنْ حَالِكَ أَنْ تُخَلِّفَهُ، فَتَحَوَّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَدِمَ الزِّبْرِقَانُ، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ جَارِي ؟ قَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: خَبُثَ عَلَيْكَ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ يَهْجُو الزِّبْرِقَانَ بْنَ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ فِي أَبْيَاتٍ: دَعِ الْمَكَارِمَ لَا تَرْحَلْ لِبُغْيَتِهَا     وَاقْعُدْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الطَّاعِمُ الْكَاسِي فَاسْتَعْدَى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا أَرَاهُ هَجَاكَ، أَمَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تَكُونَ طَاعِمًا كَاسِيًا ؟ قَالَ: كَيْفَ تَرَانِي كِيسًا مَكِيسًا أَبَيْتُ بَعْدَ نَافِعٍ مَخِيسًا. قَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ فِي الْهِجَاءِ أَشَدَّ مِنْ هَذَا، فَبَعَثَ عُمَرُ إِلَى حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ: مَا هَجَاهُ وَلَكِنْ سَلِّحْ عَلَيْهِ فَحَبَسَهُ [فِي قَعْرِ بِئْرٍ ] وَلَمْ تَكُنِ السُّجُونُ مَبْنِيَّةً، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ بَنَاهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ، بَنَى بِالْكُوفَةِ سِجْنًا سَمَّاهُ مَخِيسًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْحُطَيْئَةِ: يَا خَبِيثُ لَأَشْغَلَنَّكَ عَنْ أَعْرَاضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ: مَاذَا تَقُولُ لِأَفْرَاخٍ بِذِي مُرْخٍ      [زُغْبِ الْحَوَاصِلِ لَا مَاءٌ وَلَا شَجَرُ أَلْقَيْتَ كَاسِبَهُمْ فِي قَعْرٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ     فَارْفُقْ عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللَّهِ يَا عُمَرُ ] الْأَبْيَاتِ. فَرَقَّ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ وَأَطْلَقَهُ وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَهْجُوَ مُسْلِمًا. فعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِإِخْرَاجِ الْحُطَيْئَةِ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ وَقَدْ كَلَّمَهُ فِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَغَيْرُهُ، فَأُخْرِجَ وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ: مَاذَا تَقُولُ لِأَفْرَاخٍ بِذِي مُرْخٍ     زُغْبِ الْحَوَاصِلِ لَا مَاءٌ وَلَا شَجَرُ غَادَرْتَ كَاسِبَهُمْ فِي قَعْرٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ     فَارْحَمْ هَدَاكَ مَلِيكُ النَّاسِ يَا عُمَرُ أَنْتَ الْإِمَامُ الَّذِي مِنْ بَعْدِ صَاحِبِهِ     أَلْقَى إِلَيْكَ مَقَالِيدَ النُّهَى الْبَشَرُ لَمْ يُؤْثِرُوكَ بِهَا إِذْ قَدَّمُوكَ لَهَا     لَكِنْ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ كَانَتْ بِكَ الْأَثَرُ فَامْنُنْ عَلَى صِبْيَةٍ بِالرَّمْلِ مَسْكَنُهُمْ     بَيْنَ الْأَبَاطِحِ يَغْشَاهُمْ بِهَا الْقَدَرُ نَفْسِي فِدَاؤُكَ كَمْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ     مِنْ عَرْضِ دَاوِيَةٍ تَعْمَى بِهَا الْخَبَرُ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَالَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ: مَاذَا تَقُولُ لِأَفْرَاخٍ، بَكَى عُمَرُ فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: مَا أَظَلَّتِ الْخَضْرَاءُ وَلَا أَقَلَّتِ الْغَبْرَاءُ أَعْدَلَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَبْكِي عَلَى تَرْكِهِ الْحُطَيْئَةَ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: أَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ فِي الشَّاعِرِ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ الْهَجْوَ وَيُشَبِّبُ بِالْحَرَمِ وَيَمْدَحُ النَّاسَ وَيَذُمُّهُمْ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ، مَا أَرَانِي إِلَّا قَاطِعًا لِسَانَهُ عَلَيَّ بِكُرْسِيٍّ، فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: عَلَيَّ بِالْمِخْصَفِ عَلَيَّ بِالسِّكِّينِ لَا بَلْ عَلَيَّ بِالْمُوسَى فَإِنَّهُ أَوْجَى، فَقَالُوا: لَا يَعُودُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَشَارُوا إِلَيْهِ قُلْ لَا أَعُودُ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَعُودُ، فَقَالَ: النَّجَا، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى قَالَ: ارْجِعْ يَا حُطَيْئَةُ، فَرَجَعَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: كَأَنِّي بِكَ عِنْدَ شَابٍّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَدْ كَسَرَ لَكَ نِمْرِقَةً وَبَسَطَ لَكَ أُخْرَى، [وَقَالَ: يَا حُطَيْئَةُ غَنِّنَا ] فَانْدَفَعْتَ تُغَنِّيهِ بِأَعْرَاضِ النَّاسِ، قَالَ أَسْلَمُ: فَرَأَيْتُ الْحُطَيْئَةَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَدْ كَسَرَ لَهُ نِمْرِقَةً وَبَسَطَ لَهُ أُخْرَى وَقَالَ: يَا حُطَيْئَةُ غَنِّنَا، فَانْدَفَعَ يُغَنِّيهِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا حُطَيْئَةُ أَتَذْكُرُ يَوْمَ عُمَرَ حِينَ قَالَ لَكَ مَا قَالَ، فَفَزِعَ وَقَالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ الْمَرْءَ لَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا مَا فَعَلْنَا هَذَا، فَقُلْتُ لِعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ أَبَاكَ يَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَكُنْتَ أَنْتَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ. وَبِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِإِخْرَاجِ الْحُطَيْئَةِ مِنَ السِّجْنِ فَأُخْرِجَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: دَعْ قَوْلَ الشِّعْرِ. فَقَالَ لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ. قَالَ: لِمَ ؟ قَالَ هُوَ مَأْكَلَةُ عِيَالِي، وَنَمْلَةٌ عَلَى لِسَانِي. قَالَ: فَدَعِ الْمِدْحَةَ الْمُجْحِفَةَ. قَالَ وَمَا الْمِدْحَةُ الْمُجْحِفَةُ ؟ قَالَ: لَا تَقُولُ بَنُو فُلَانٍ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ، امْدَحْ وَلَا تُفَضِّلْ. قَالَ: أَنْتَ أَشْعَرُ مِنِّي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ الْأَنْبَارِيِّ: ضَرَبَ النَّمْلَةَ مَثَلًا لِمَا يَتَرَدَّدُ مِنَ قَوْلِ الشِّعْرِ فِي قَلْبِهِ، وَيُطَالِبُ بِهِ لِسَانُهُ. وَمِنْ مَدَائِحِهِ قَوْلُهُ: أَقِلُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ لَا أَبًا لِأَبِيكُمْ     مِنَ اللَّوْمِ أَوْ سُدُّوا الْمَكَانَ الَّذِي سَدُّوا أُولَئِكَ قَوْمٌ إِنْ بَنَوْا أَحْسَنُوا الْبُنَا     وَإِنْ عَاهَدُوا أَوْفَوْا وَإِنْ عَقَدُوا شَدُّوا وَإِنْ كَانَتِ النَّعْمَاءُ فِيهِمْ جَزَوْا بِهَا     وَإِنْ أَنْعَمُوا لَا كَدَّرُوهَا وَلَا كَدُّوا وَلَمَّا احْتَضَرَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ قِيلَ لَهُ: أَوْصِ. فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لِلذُّكْرَانِ دُونَ الْإِنَاثِ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَوْصِ. فَقَالَ أُوصِيكُمْ بِالشِّعْرِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: الشِّعْرُ صَعْبٌ وَطَوِيلٌ سُلَّمُهُ     إِذَا ارْتَقَى فِيهِ الَّذِي لَا يَعْمَلُهُ زَلَّتْ بِهِ إِلَى الْحَضِيضِ قَدَمُهُ     وَالشِّعْرُ لَا يَسْطِيعُهُ مَنْ يَظْلِمُهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْرِبَهُ فَيُعْجِمَهُ عبد الله بن عامر عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ كُرَيْزِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ: أُمُّهُ دَجَاجَةُ بِنْتُ أَسْمَاءَ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ بْنِ خُبَيْبٍ. وَلَهُ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ ذَكَرًا وَأَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ. وُلِدَ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِأَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ فِي عُمْرَةِ الْقَضَاءِ حُمِلَ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ فَحَنَّكَهُ، فَتَلَمَّظَ فَتَثَاءَبَ، فَتَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي فِيهِ. وَكَانَ ابْنَ خَالِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ شَرِيفَ الْقَدْرِ، كَرِيمًا سَخِيًّا، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُثْمَانُ الْخِلَافَةَ وَلَّاهُ الْبَصْرَةَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَقَرَّ أَبَا مُوسَى أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ كَمَا أَوْصَى عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ وَوَلَّاهُ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَ وَلَّاهُ ابْنَ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: قَدْ أَتَاكُمْ فَتًى مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، كَرِيمُ الْأُمَّهَاتِ وَالْعَمَّاتِ وَالْخَالَاتِ، يَقُولُ بِالْمَالِ فِيكُمْ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا. فَفَتَحَ بِلَادًا كَثِيرَةً مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ، وَقُتِلَ يَزْدِجَرْدَ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ، فَأَحْرَمَ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَعَمَلَ السِّقَايَاتِ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ لَحِقَ بِالشَّامِ، فَوَلَّاهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ الْبَصْرَةَ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، وَزَوَّجَهُ ابْنَتَهُ هِنْدًا. عَنْ بَعْضِ الْقُرَشِيِّينَ قَالَ: كَانَتْ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَبَرَّ شَيْءٍ بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَأَنَّهَا جَاءَتْهُ يَوْمًا بِالْمِرْآةِ وَالْمُشْطِ - وَكَانَتْ تَتَوَلَّى خِدْمَتَهُ بِنَفْسِهَا - فَنَظَرَ فِي الْمِرْآةِ، فَالْتَقَى وَجْهُهُ وَوَجْهُهَا فِي الْمِرْآةِ، فَرَأَى شَبَابَهَا وَجَمَالَهَا، وَرَأَى الشَّيْبَ فِي لِحْيَتِهِ قَدْ أَلْحَقَهُ بِالشُّيُوخِ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: الْحَقِي بِأَبِيكِ. فَانْطَلَقَتْ حَتَّى دَخَلَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ، فَقَالَ: وَهَلْ تُطَلَّقُ الْحُرَّةُ. قَالَتْ: مَا أُوتِيَ مِنْ قِبَلِي، وَأَخْبَرَتْهُ خَبَرَهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: أَكْرَمْتُكَ بِابْنَتِي ثُمَّ رَدَدْتَهَا عَلَيَّ. قَالَ: إِنِّي أُخْبِرُكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى مَنَّ عَلَيَّ بِفَضْلِهِ، وَجَعَلَنِي كَرِيمًا لَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيَّ أَحَدٌ، وَإِنَّ ابْنَتَكَ أَعْجَزَتْنِي مُكَافَأَتُهَا لِحُسْنِ صُحْبَتِهَا، فَنَظَرْتُ فِإِذَا أَنَا شَيْخٌ وَهِيَ شَابَّةٌ، لَا أَزِيدُهَا مَالًا إِلَى مَالِهَا، وَلَا شَرَفًا إِلَى شَرَفِهَا، فَرَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهَا إِلَيْكَ، فَتُزَوِّجَهَا فَتًى مِنْ فِتْيَانِكَ كَأَنَّ وَجْهَهُ وَرَقَةُ مُصْحَفٍ. عن سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْهِجْرِيُّ قَالَا: خَرَجَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ كُرْزٍ وَهُوَ عَامِلُ الْعِرَاقِ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، أَحَدُهُمَا: ابْنُ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَالْآخَرُ: مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَامِرٍ فِيمَا يَكْتُبُ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ، فَأَقْبَلَا يَسِيرَانِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَا بِنَاحِيَةِ الْبَصْرَةِ قَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ لِلثَّقَفِيِّ: هَلْ لَكَ فِي رَأْيٍ رَأَيْتُهُ: قَالَ: اعْرِضْهُ. قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أُنِخَ رَوَاحِلَنَا وَنَتَنَاوَلَ مَطَاهِرَنَا، فَنَمَسَّ مَاءً، ثُمَّ نُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَنَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا قَضَى مِنْ سَفَرِنَا. قَالَ: هَذَا الَّذِي لَا يُرَدُّ، فَتَوَضَّيَا، ثُمَّ صَلَّيَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَالْتَفَتَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ إِلَى الثَّقَفِيِّ فَقَالَ: يَا أَخَا ثَقِيفٍ، مَا رَأْيُكَ ؟ قَالَ: وَأَيُّ مَوْضِعٍ رَأْيُ هَذَا، قَضَيْتُ سَفَرِي، وَأَنْضَيْتُ بَدَنِي، وَأَنْضَيْتُ رَاحِلَتِي، وَلَا مُؤَمِّلَ دُونَ ابْنِ عَامِرٍ، فَهَلْ لَكَ رَأْيٌ غَيْرُ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، إِنِّي لَمَّا صَلَّيْتُ هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فَكَّرْتُ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ مِنْ رَبِّي تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَنْ يَرَانِي طَالِبًا رِزْقًا مَنْ غَيْرِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقِ ابْنَ عَامِرٍ وَارْزُقْنِي مِنْ فَضْلِكَ. ثُمَّ وَلَّى رَاجِعًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَدَخَلَ الثَّقَفِيُّ الْبَصْرَةَ، فَمَكَثَ أَيَّامًا، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَحَّبَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّ ابْنَ جَابِرٍ خَرَجَ مَعَكَ ؟ فَخَبَرَهُ خَبَرَهُ، فَبَكَى ابْنُ عَامِرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَالَ أَشَرًا وَلَا بَطَرًا، وَلَكِنْ رَأَى مَجْرَى الرِّزْقِ وَمَخْرَجَ النِّعْمَةِ، فَعَلِمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى هُوَ الَّذِي فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَسَأَلَهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ، وَأَمَرَ لِلثَّقَفِيِّ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَكُسْوَةٍ وَمُطْرِفٍ، وَأَضْعَفَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، فَخَرَجَ الثَّقَفِيُّ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أُمَيْمَةُ مَا حِرْصُ الْحَرِيصِ بِزَائِدٍ     فَتِيلًا وَلَا زُهْدُ الضَّعِيفِ بِضَائِرٍ خَرَجْنَا جَمِيعًا مِنْ مَسَاقِطِ رَأْسِنَا     عَلَى ثِقَةٍ مِنَّا بِخَيْرِ ابْنِ عَامِرٍ وَلَمَّا أَنَخْنَا النَّاعِجَاتِ بِبَابِهِ تَأَخَّرَ     عَنِّي الْيَثْرِبِيُّ ابْنُ جَابِرٍ وَقَالَ سَيَكْفِينِي عَطِيَّةُ قَادِرٍ     عَلَى مَا يَشَاءُ الْيَوْمَ بِالْخَلْقِ قَاهِرٍ وَإِنَّ الَّذِي أَعْطَى الْعِرَاقَ ابْنَ عَامِرٍ     لَرَبِّي الَّذِي أَرْجُو لِسَدِّ مَفَاقِرِي فَلَمَّا سَرَى سَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ صَبَابَةٌ     إِلَيْهِ كَمَا حَنَتْ ظِرَابُ الْأَبَاعِرِ وَأَضْعَفَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ إِذْ غَابَ حَظَّهُ     عَلَى حَظِّ لَهْفَانَ مِنَ الْحِرْصِ فَاغِرِ فَأَبَتْ وَقَدْ أَيْقَنْتُ أَنْ لَيْسَ نَافِعِي     وَلَا ضَائِرِي شَيْءٌ خِلَافَ الْمَقَادَرِ وعَنْ نَافِعٍ الطَّاحِي قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بِأَبِي ذَرٍّ فَقَالَ لِي: مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قُلْتُ: مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ. قَالَ: أَتَعْرِفُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَامِرٍ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ مَعِي وَيَلْزَمُنِي، ثُمَّ طَلَبَ الْإِمَارَةَ، فَإِذَا قَدِمْتَ الْبَصْرَةَ فَتَرَاءَ لَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ سَيَقُولُ: لَكَ حَاجَةٌ ؟ فَقُلْ: أَخْلِنِي وَقُلْ لَهُ: أَنَا رَسُولُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ إِلَيْكَ، وَهُوَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: إِنَّا نَأْكُلُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، وَنَشْرَبُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، وَنَعِيشُ كَمَا تَعِيشُ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ تَرَاءَيْتُ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَكَ حَاجَةٌ ؟ قُلْتُ: أَخْلِنِي أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ. فَفَعَلَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا رَسُولُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ إِلَيْكَ - فَلَمَّا قُلْتُهَا خَشَعَ قَلْبُهُ - وَهُوَ يَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّا نَأْكُلُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، وَنُرْوَى مِنَ الْمَاءِ، وَنَعِيشُ كَمَا تَعِيشُ. قَالَ: فَحَلَّ إِزَارَهُ ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ رَأْسَهُ فِي جَيْبِهِ ثُمَّ بَكَى حَتَّى مَلَأَ جَيْبَهُ بِالْبُكَاءِ. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ الْحِيَاضَ بِعَرَفَةَ وَأَجْرَى إِلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ الْمَعِينَ وَالْعَيْنَ  ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ، فَأَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ وَتَلَقَّى بِهَا طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ، وَحَضَرَ مَعَهُمُ الْجَمَلَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ، وَلَمْ يُسْمَعْ لَهُ بِذِكْرٍ فِي صِفِّينَ، وَلَكِنْ وَلَّاهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ الْبَصْرَةَ بَعْدَ صُلْحِهِ مَعَ الْحَسَنِ، وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بِأَرْضِهِ بِعَرَفَاتٍ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: بِمَنْ نُفَاخِرُ ؟ ! بِمَنْ نُبَاهِي ! ؟ وَأَوْصَى إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ. لَهُ حَدِيثٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِي الْكُتُبِ شَيْءٌ. فعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ ". أبو هريرة الدوسي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الدَّوْسِيُّ   ؓ وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي اسْمِهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ وَاسْمِ أَبِيهِ عَلَى أَقْوَالٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ قَدْ بَسَطْنَا أَكْثَرَهَا فِي كِتَابِنَا " التَّكْمِيلِ "، وَقَدْ بَسَطَ ذَلِكَ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي " تَارِيخِهِ "، وَالْأَشْهُرُ أَنَّ اسْمَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ صَخْرٍ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ، ثُمَّ مِنْ دَوْسٍ. وَيُقَالُ: كَانَ اسْمُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَبْدَ شَمْسٍ. وَقِيلَ: عَبْدَ نِهْمٍ. وَقِيلَ: عَبْدَ غَنْمٍ. وَيُكَنَّى بِأَبِي الْأُسُودِ، فَسَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ: عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ. وَكَنَّاهُ بِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَجَدْتُ هُرَيْرَةً وَحْشِيَّةً، فَأَخَذْتُ أَوْلَادَهَا، فَقَالَ لِي أَبِي: مَا هَذِهِ فِي حِجْرِكَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ. وَثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحِ " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: " يَا أَبَا هِرٍّ ". وَثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ: " يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ". قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ: وَاسْمُ أُمِّهِ مَيْمُونَةُ بِنْتُ صُبَيْحِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْبِ بْنِ هُنَيَّةَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ. أَسْلَمَتْ وَمَاتَتْ مُسْلِمَةً. كثرة مرويات أبي هريرة وَرَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكَثِيرَ الطَّيِّبَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ حُفَّاظِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَرَوَى عَنْ أَبَى بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَبَصْرَةَ بْنِ أَبِي بَصْرَةَ، وَالْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَكَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ، وَعَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَحَدَّثَ عَنْهُ خَلَائِقُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: رَوَى عَنْهُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ثَمَانِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. إسلام أبي هريرة وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْفَلَّاسُ: كَانَ يَنْزِلُ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ سَنَةَ خَيْبَرَ  . قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَكَانَ لَهُ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ دَارٌ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: كَانَ آدَمَ اللَّوْنِ، بَعِيدَ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ، ذَا ضَفِيرَتَيْنِ، أَفْرَقَ الثَّنِيَّتَيْنِ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَسْلَمْتُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: مِنْ دَوْسٍ. فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ وَقَالَ: " مَا كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّ فِي دَوْسٍ رَجُلًا فِيهِ خَيْرٌ ". وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ. وعَنْ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: جِئْتُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ بَعْدَ مَا فَرَغُوا مِنَ الْقِتَالِ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ سِبَاعُ بْنُ عُرْفُطَةَ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: وَقَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ مُهَاجِرًا فَصَلَّيْتُ الصُّبْحَ وَرَاءَ سِبَاعٍ، فَقَرَأَ فِي السَّجْدَةِ الْأُولَى سُورَةَ " مَرْيَمَ "، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ " وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ ". قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي: وَيْلٌ لِأَبِي فُلَانٍ. لِرَجُلٍ كَانَ بِأَرْضِ الْأَزْدِ، كَانَ لَهُ مِكْيَالَانِ ; مِكْيَالٌ يَكْتَالُ بِهِ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَمِكْيَالٌ يَبْخَسُ بِهِ النَّاسَ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ " أَنَّهُ ضَلَّ غُلَامٌ لَهُ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي اجْتَمَعَ فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ يُنْشِدُ: يَا لَيْلَةً مِنْ طُولِهَا وَعَنَائِهَا عَلَى     أَنَّهَا مِنْ دَارَةِ الْكُفْرِ نَجَّتِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: " هَذَا غُلَامُكَ ". فَقَالَ: هُوَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. ملازمة أبي هريرة للنبي ﷺ وَقَدْ لَزِمَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ، فَلَمْ يُفَارِقْهُ فِي حَضَرٍ وَلَا سَفَرٍ  ، وَكَانَ أَحْرَصَ شَيْءٍ عَلَى سَمَاعِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْهُ، وَتَفَقَّهَ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ يَلْزَمُهُ عَلَى شِبَعِ بَطْنِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ - وَقَدْ تَمَخَّطَ يَوْمًا فِي قَمِيصٍ لَهُ مِنْ كَتَّانٍ -: بَخٍ بَخٍ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَتَمَخَّطُ فِي الْكَتَّانِ ! لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي أَخِرُّ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْحُجَرِ مِنَ الْجُوعِ، فَيَمُرُّ الْمَارُّ فَيَقُولُ: بِهِ جُنُونٌ. وَمَا بِي إِلَّا الْجُوعُ، وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْتَمِدُ بِكَبِدِي عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْجُوعِ، وَأَشُدُّ الْحَجَرَ عَلَى بَطْنِي مِنَ الْجُوعِ، وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَسْتَقْرِئُ أَحَدَهُمُ الْآيَةَ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِهَا مِنْهُ، وَمَا بِي إِلَّا أَنْ يَسْتَتْبِعَنِي إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَيُطْعِمُنِي شَيْئًا. إسلام أم أبي هريرة وعن أَبُو كَثِيرٍ، وَهُوَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ السُّحَيْمِيُّ الْأَعْمَى، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَقَالَ لَنَا: وَاللَّهِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مُؤْمِنًا يَسْمَعُ بِي وَلَا يَرَانِي إِلَّا أَحَبَّنِي. قُلْتُ: وَمَا عِلْمُكَ بِذَلِكَ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ أُمِّي كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً مُشْرِكَةً، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ أَدْعُوهَا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَكَانَتْ تَأْبَى عَلَيَّ، فَدَعَوْتُهَا يَوْمًا، فَأَسْمَعَتْنِي فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَكْرَهُ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَبْكِي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَدْعُو أُمِّي إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَكَانَتْ تَأْبَى عَلَيَّ، وَإِنِّي دَعَوْتُهَا الْيَوْمَ فَأَسْمَعَتْنِي فِيكَ مَا أَكْرَهُ، فَادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَهْدِيَ أُمَّ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِ أُمَّ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ " فَخَرَجْتُ أَعْدُو أُبَشِّرُهَا بِدُعَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُ الْبَابَ إِذَا هُوَ مُجَافٍ، وَسَمِعْتُ خَضْخَضَةَ الْمَاءِ، وَسَمِعْتُ خَشْفَ رِجْلٍ - يَعْنِي وَقْعَهَا - فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، كَمَا أَنْتَ. ثُمَّ فَتَحَتِ الْبَابَ، وَقَدْ لَبِسَتْ دِرْعَهَا، وَعَجِلَتْ عَنْ خِمَارِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، أَبْكِي مِنَ الْفَرَحِ كَمَا بَكَيْتُ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَبْشِرْ، فَقَدِ اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَكَ، وَقَدْ هَدَى أُمَّ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُحَبِّبَنِي وَأُمِّي إِلَى عِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيُحَبِّبَهُمْ إِلَيْنَا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْ عُبَيْدَكَ هَذَا وَأُمَّهُ إِلَى عِبَادِكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَحَبِّبْهُمْ إِلَيْهِمَا ". قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ فَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَسْمَعُ بِي وَلَا يَرَانِي أَوْ يَرَى أُمِّي إِلَّا وَهُوَ يُحِبُّنِي وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مُحَبَّبٌ إِلَى جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ، وَقَدْ شَهَرَ اللَّهُ ذِكْرَهُ بِمَا قَدَّرَهُ مِنْ إِيرَادِ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ عَنْهُ، الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْإِنْصَاتِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عِنْدَ الْخُطْبَةِ، عَلَى رُءُوسِ النَّاسِ فِي الْمَحَافِلِ الْكَثِيرَةِ الْمُتَعَدِّدَةِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَقَالِيمِ، وَهَذَا قَدَّرَهُ اللَّهُ وَيَسَّرَهُ مِنْ شَهْرِ ذِكْرِهِ، وَمَحَبَّةِ النَّاسِ لَهُ، ؓ. وعَنْ سَالِمٍ مَوْلَى النَّصْرِيِّينَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّمَا مُحَمَّدٌ بَشَرٌ، أَغْضَبُ كَمَا يَغْضَبُ الْبَشَرُ، وَإِنِّي قَدِ اتَّخَذْتُ عِنْدَكَ عَهْدًا لَنْ تُخْلِفَنِيهِ، فَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ آذَيْتُهُ أَوْ شَتَمْتُهُ أَوْ جَلْدَتُهُ فَاجْعَلْهَا لَهُ قُرْبَةً تُقَرِّبُهُ بِهَا عِنْدَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ". قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ لَقَدْ رَفَعَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا الدِّرَّةَ لِيَضْرِبَنِي بِهَا، لَأَنْ يَكُونُ ضَرَبَنِي بِهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ ; ذَلِكَ بِأَنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا، وَأَنْ يُسْتَجَابَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعْوَتُهُ كثرة رواية أبي هريرة للحديث وعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّكُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يُكْثِرُ الْحَدِيثَ  عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاللَّهُ الْمَوْعِدُ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ امْرَأً مِسْكِينًا، أَصْحَبُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مِلْءِ بَطْنِي، وَكَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ يَشْغَلُهُمُ الصَّفْقُ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ، وَكَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَشْغَلُهُمُ الْقِيَامُ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَحَضَرْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَجْلِسًا، فَقَالَ: " مَنْ بَسَطَ رِدَاءَهُ حَتَّى أَقْضِيَ مَقَالَتِي ثُمَّ يَقْبِضُهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَنْ يَنْسَى شَيْئًا سَمِعَهُ مِنِّي ". فَبَسَطْتُ بُرْدَةً عَلَيَّ حَتَّى قَضَى حَدِيثَهُ، ثُمَّ قَبَضْتُهَا إِلَيَّ، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا نَسِيتُ شَيْئًا سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْهُ. وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ هَذَا كَانَ خَاصًّا بِتِلْكَ الْمَقَالَةِ الْمُعَيَّنَةِ لَمْ يَنْسَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، بِدَلِيلِ أَنَّهُ نَسِيَ بَعْضَ الْأَحَادِيثِ كَمَا هُوَ مُصَرَّحٌ بِهِ فِي " الصَّحِيحِ "، حَيْثُ نَسِيَ حَدِيثَ: " لَا عَدْوَى وَلَا طِيَرَةَ ". مَعَ حَدِيثِهِ " لَا يُورِدُ مُمَرِضٌ عَلَى مُصِحٍّ ". وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ هَذَا كَانَ عَامًّا فِي تِلْكَ الْمَقَالَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ أَسْعَدُ النَّاسِ بِشَفَاعَتِكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ؟ فَقَالَ: " لَقَدْ ظَنَنْتُ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ أَلَّا يَسْأَلَنِي عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَحَدٌ أَوَّلُ مِنْكَ ; لِمَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ حِرْصِكَ عَلَى الْحَدِيثِ، إِنَّ أَسْعَدَ النَّاسِ بِشَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، خَالِصًا مِنْ قِبَلِ نَفْسِهِ   ". وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَفِظْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وِعَاءَيْنِ، فَأَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَبَثَثْتُهُ فِي النَّاسِ، وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ فَلَوْ بَثَثْتُهُ لَقُطِعَ هَذَا الْبُلْعُومُ. وَهَذَا الْوِعَاءُ الَّذِي كَانَ لَا يَتَظَاهَرُ بِهِ هُوَ الْفِتَنُ وَالْمَلَاحِمُ، وَمَا وَقَعَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْحُرُوبِ وَالْقِتَالِ وَمَا سَيَقَعُ  ، الَّتِي لَوْ أَخْبَرَ بِهَا قَبْلَ كَوْنِهَا لَبَادَرَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَى تَكْذِيبِهِ، وَرَدُّوا مَا أَخْبَرَ بِهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ، كَمَا قَالَ: لَوْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تَقْتُلُونَ إِمَامَكُمْ وَتَقْتَتِلُونَ فِيمَا بَيْنَكُمْ بِالسُّيُوفِ لَمَا صَدَّقْتُمُونِي. وَقَدْ يَتَمَسَّكُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ طَوَائِفُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَهْوَاءِ وَالْبِدَعِ الْبَاطِلَةِ، وَالْأَعْمَالِ الْفَاسِدَةِ، وَيُسْنِدُونَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى هَذَا الْجِرَابِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَقُلْهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَيَعْتَقِدُونَ أَنَّ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ فِي هَذَا الْجِرَابِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُخْبِرْ بِهِ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَمَا مِنْ مُبْطِلٍ - مَعَ تَضَادِّ أَقْوَالِهِمْ وَأَعْمَالِهِمْ - إِلَّا وَيَدَّعِي شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا، وَكُلُّهُمْ يَكْذِبُونَ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَ بِهِ فَمَنْ عَلِمَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ؟ ! وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الَّذِي فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْفِتَنِ وَالْمَلَاحِمِ قَدْ أَخْبَرَ بِهَا هُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ،. وعن أَبُو الزُّعَيْزِعَةِ كَاتِبُ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ دَعَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ - وَأَقْعَدَهُ خَلْفَ السَّرِيرِ - وَجَعَلَ مَرْوَانُ يَسْأَلُ وَجَعَلْتُ أَكْتُبُ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِ الْحَوَلِ دَعَا بِهِ - وَأَقْعَدَهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحِجَابِ - فَجَعَلَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابِ، فَمَا زَادَ وَلَا نَقْصَ، وَلَا قَدَّمَ وَلَا أَخَّرَ. عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ أَحْفَظِ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِأَفْضَلِهِمْ. وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ أَحْفَظُ مَنْ رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ فِي دَهْرِهِ. عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ قَالَ: تَوَاعَدَ النَّاسُ لَيْلَةً مِنَ اللَّيَالِي إِلَى قُبَّةٍ مِنْ قِبَابِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا فِيهَا، فَقَامَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ فَحَدَّثَهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ. عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: مَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَحَدٌ أَكْثَرُ حَدِيثًا عَنْهُ مِنِّي، إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْتُبُ وَلَا أَكْتُبُ. وعَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: لَتَتْرُكَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ لَأُلْحِقَنَّكَ بِأَرْضِ دَوْسٍ. وَقَالَ لِكَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ: لَتَتْرُكَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ أَوْ لَأُلْحِقَنَّكَ بِأَرْضِ الْقِرَدَةِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مُسْهِرٍ يَذْكُرُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ نَحْوًا مِنْهُ، وَلَمْ يُسْنِدْهُ. وَهَذَا مَحْمُولٌ مِنْ عُمَرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ خَشِيَ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي يَضَعُهَا النَّاسُ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَوَاضِعِهَا، وَأَنَّهُمْ يَتَّكِلُونَ عَلَى مَا فِيهَا مِنْ أَحَادِيثِ الرُّخْصِ، أَوْ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ رُبَّمَا وَقَعَ فِي أَحَادِيثِهِ بَعْضُ الْغَلَطِ أَوِ الْخَطَأِ فَيَحْمِلُهَا النَّاسُ عَنْهُ، أَوْ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ جَاءَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَذِنَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، فعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ بَلَغَ عُمَرَ حَدِيثِي، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: كُنْتَ مَعَنَا يَوْمَ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِ فُلَانٍ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ لِمَ سَأَلَتْنِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَلِمَ سَأَلْتُكَ ؟ قُلْتُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَئِذٍ: " مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ   ". قَالَ: إِمَّا لَى فَاذْهَبْ فَحَدِّثْ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَأُحَدِّثُ أَحَادِيثَ لَوْ تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهَا فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ - أَوْ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ - لَشَجَّ رَأْسِي. وعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: مَا كُنَّا نَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ نَقُولَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. حَتَّى قُبِضَ عُمَرُ. وعَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: أَقِلُّوا الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا فِيمَا يُعْمَلُ بِهِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: أَفَكُنْتُ مُحَدِّثَكُمْ بِهَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ وَعُمَرُ حَيٌّ ؟ ! أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِذًا لَأَيْقَنْتُ أَنَّ الْمِخْفَفَةَ سَتُبَاشِرُ ظَهْرِي. فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: اشْتَغِلُوا بِالْقُرْآنِ، فَإِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ  . وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا بَعَثَ أَبَا مُوسَى إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ قَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ تَأْتِي قَوْمًا لَهُمْ فِي مَسَاجِدِهِمْ دَوِيٌّ بِالْقُرْآنِ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ، فَدَعْهُمْ عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا تَشْغَلْهُمْ بِالْأَحَادِيثِ، وَأَنَا شَرِيكُكَ فِي ذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا مَعْرُوفٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ، ؓ. وعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ تَبِعَ جِنَازَةً فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا  فَلَهُ قِيرَاطٌ، فَإِنْ شَهِدَ دَفْنَهَا فَلَهُ قِيرَاطَانِ، الْقِيرَاطُ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أُحُدٍ ". فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرُ: أَبَا هِرٍّ، انْظُرْ مَا تُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ حَتَّى انْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنْشُدُكِ بِاللَّهِ أَسَمِعْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " مَنْ تَبِعَ جِنَازَةً فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا فَلَهُ قِيرَاطٌ، فَإِنْ شَهِدَ دَفْنَهَا فَلَهُ قِيرَاطَانِ " ؟ ؟ فَقَالَتِ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَشْغَلُنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَرْسُ الْوَدِيِّ وَلَا صَفْقٌ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ، إِنِّي إِنَّمَا كُنْتُ أَطْلُبُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَلِمَةً يُعَلِّمُنِيهَا، أَوْ أَكْلَةً يُطْعِمُنِيهَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا هِرٍّ كُنْتَ أَلْزَمَنَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَعْلَمَنَا بِحَدِيثِهِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي جِنَازَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَهُوَ يَمْشِي أَمَامَهَا وَيُكْثِرُ التَّرَحُّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَقُولُ: كَانَ مِمَّنْ يَحْفَظُ حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ تَأَوَّلَتْ أَحَادِيثَ كَثِيرَةً مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَوَهَّمَتْهُ فِي بَعْضِهَا. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحِ " أَنَّهَا عَابَتْ عَلَيْهِ سَرْدَ الْحَدِيثِ. أَيِ الْإِكْثَارَ مِنْهُ فِي السَّاعَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ. وعَنْ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَكْثَرَتِ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ. قَالَ: إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَتْ تَشْغَلُنِي عَنْهُ الْمُكْحُلَةُ وَالْخِضَابُ، وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى ذَلِكَ شَغَلَكَ عَمَّا اسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنْ حَدِيثِي. قَالَتْ: لَعَلَّهُ. وعَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَتَى أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فِي حُلَّةٍ يَتَبَخْتَرُ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، إِنَّكَ تُكْثِرُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَهُ يَقُولُ فِي حُلَّتِي هَذِهِ شَيْئًا ؟ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَتُؤْذُونَنَا، وَلَوْلَا مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَيُبَيِّنُنَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا يَكْتُمُونَهُ مَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ يَتَبَخْتَرُ فِي حُلَّةٍ إِذْ خَسَفَ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ، فَهُوَ يَتَجَلْجَلُ فِيهَا حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ ". فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ. أَوْ: مِنْ رَهْطِكَ. شَكَّ أَبُو يَعْلَى. وعَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ لِمَرْوَانَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنْتَ وَالٍ، وَإِنَّ الْوَالِيَ لَغَيْرُكَ فَدَعْهُ - يَعْنِي حِينَ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَدْفِنُوا الْحَسَنَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - وَلَكِنَّكَ تَدَخَّلُ فِيمَا لَا يَعْنِيكَ، إِنَّمَا تُرِيدُ بِهَذَا إِرْضَاءَ مَنْ هُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْكَ. يَعْنِي مُعَاوِيَةَ. قَالَ: فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ مُغْضَبًا، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ قَالُوا: إِنَّكَ أَكْثَرْتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحَدِيثَ. وَإِنَّمَا قَدِمْتَ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِيَسِيرٍ. فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: نَعَمْ، قَدِمْتُ وَاللَّهِ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ قَدْ زِدْتُ عَلَى الثَّلَاثِينَ سَنَةً سَنَوَاتٍ، وَأَقَمْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ، أَدُورُ مَعَهُ فِي بُيُوتِ نِسَائِهِ وَأَخْدِمُهُ، وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُقِلٌّ، وَأُصَلِّي خَلْفَهُ وَأَغْزُو وَأَحُجُّ مَعَهُ، فَكُنْتُ وَاللَّهِ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِحَدِيثِهِ، قَدْ وَاللَّهِ سَبَقَنِي قَوْمٌ - بِصُحْبَتِهِ وَالْهِجْرَةِ - مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَكَانُوا يَعْرِفُونَ لُزُومِي لَهُ، فَيَسْأَلُونِي عَنْ حَدِيثِهِ، مِنْهُمْ عُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَطَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ، فَلَا وَاللَّهِ مَا يَخْفَى عَلَيَّ كُلُّ حَدَثٍ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكُلُّ مَنْ أَحَبَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَكُلُّ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْزِلَةٌ، وَكُلُّ صَاحِبٍ لَهُ، فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَاحِبَهُ فِي الْغَارِ، وَغَيْرُهُ قَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنْ يُسَاكِنَهُ. يُعَرِّضُ بِأَبِي مَرْوَانَ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: لِيَسْأَلْنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ هَذَا وَأَشْبَاهِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَجِدُ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ عِلْمًا جَمًّا وَمَقَالًا. قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا زَالَ مَرْوَانُ يَقْصُرُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَيَتَّقِيهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَيَخَافُهُ وَيَخَافُ جَوَابَهُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ لِمَرْوَانَ: إِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ وَهَاجَرْتُ اخْتِيَارًا وَطَوْعًا، وَأَحْبَبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُبًّا شَدِيدًا، وَأَنْتُمْ أَهْلُ الدَّارِ وَمَوْضِعُ الدَّعْوَةِ، أَخْرَجْتُمُ الدَّاعِيَ مِنْ أَرْضِهِ، وَآذَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، وَتَأَخَّرَ إِسْلَامُكُمْ عَنْ إِسْلَامِي إِلَى الْوَقْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ إِلَيْكُمْ. فَنَدِمَ مَرْوَانُ عَلَى كَلَامِهِ لَهُ وَاتَّقَاهُ. وعن عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ - يَعْنِي عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ - قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبِي الزُّبَيْرُ: أَدْنِنِي مِنْ هَذَا الْيَمَانِيِّ - يَعْنِي أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ - فَإِنَّهُ يُكْثِرُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: فَأَدْنَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ، فَجَعَلَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ، وَجَعَلَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَقُولُ: صَدَقَ، كَذَبَ، صَدَقَ، كَذَبَ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَهْ، مَا قَوْلُكَ: صَدَقَ، كَذَبَ ؟ قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، أَمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَا أَشُكُّ، وَلَكِنَّ مِنْهَا مَا وَضَعَهُ عَلَى مَوَاضِعِهِ، وَمِنْهَا مَا وَضَعَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَوَاضِعِهِ. وعَنْ أَبِي أَنَسِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، وَاللَّهِ مَا نَدْرِي هَذَا الْيَمَانِيُّ أَعْلَمُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْكُمْ، أَمْ يَقُولُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَمْ يَقُلْ ؟ فَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَمْ نَسْمَعْ، وَعَلِمَ مَا لَمْ نَعْلَمْ، إِنَّا كُنَّا قَوْمًا أَغْنِيَاءَ، لَنَا بُيُوتَاتٌ وَأَهْلُونَ، وَكُنَّا نَأْتِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ، ثُمَّ نَرْجِعُ، وَكَانَ مِسْكِينًا لَا مَالَ لَهُ وَلَا أَهْلَ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ يَدُهُ مَعَ يَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ يَدُورُ مَعَهُ حَيْثُمَا دَارَ  ، فَمَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ عَلِمَ مَا لَمْ نَعْلَمْ، وَسَمِعَ مَا لَمْ نَسْمَعْ. وعَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَنْتَ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؟ ! فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَدْ سَمِعَ مَا لَمْ نَسْمَعْ، وَإِنِّي أَنْ أُحَدِّثَ عَنْهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُحَدِّثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. يَعْنِي: مَا لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ. وعن بُكَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَشَجِّ قَالَ: قَالَ لَنَا بُسْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَتَحَفَّظُوا مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا نُجَالِسُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، فَيُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيُحَدِّثُنَا عَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَأَسْمَعُ بَعْضَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَنَا يَجْعَلُ حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ كَعْبٍ، وَحَدِيثَ كَعْبٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: يَجْعَلُ مَا قَالَهُ كَعْبٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ كَعْبٍ، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَتَحَفَّظُوا فِي الْحَدِيثِ. عبادة أبو هريرة وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، ؓ، مِنَ الصِّدْقِ وَالْحِفْظِ وَالدِّيَانَةِ وَالْعِبَادَةِ وَالزَّهَادَةِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ عَلَى جَانِبٍ عَظِيمٍ. فعَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُومُ ثُلُثَ اللَّيْلِ، وَامْرَأَتُهُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَابْنَتُهُ ثُلُثَهُ، يَقُومُ هَذَا، ثُمَّ يُوقِظُ هَذَا، ثُمَّ يُوقِظُ هَذَا وَهَذَا. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَوْصَانِي خَلِيلِي ﷺ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ، وَرَكْعَتَيِ الضُّحَى، وَأَنْ أُوَتِرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَنَامَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِنِّي أُجَزِّئُ اللَّيْلَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَجُزْءٌ لِقِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَجُزْءٌ أَنَامُ فِيهِ، وَجُزْءٌ أَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَعن أَبُو أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: كَانَ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَسْجِدٌ فِي مُخْدَعِهِ، وَمَسْجِدٌ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَمَسْجِدٌ فِي حُجْرَتِهِ، وَمَسْجِدٌ عَلَى بَابِ دَارِهِ، إِذَا خَرَجَ صَلَّى فِيهَا جَمِيعِهَا، وَإِذَا دَخَلَ صَلَّى فِيهَا جَمِيعِهَا. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: كَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يُسَبِّحُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أَلْفَ تَسْبِيحَةٍ، وَيَقُولُ: أُسَبِّحُ عَلَى قَدْرِ دِيَتِي. وعَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَتْ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ صَيْحَتَانِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ، أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ يَقُولُ: ذَهَبَ اللَّيْلُ وَجَاءَ النَّهَارُ، وَعُرِضَ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَى النَّارِ. وَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَشِيُّ يَقُولُ: ذَهَبَ النَّهَارُ وَجَاءَ اللَّيْلُ، وَعُرِضَ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَى النَّارِ. فَلَا يَسْمَعُ أَحَدٌ صَوْتَهُ إِلَّا اسْتَعَاذَ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّارِ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: لَا تَغْبِطَنَّ فَاجِرًا بِنِعْمَةٍ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ طَالِبًا حَثِيثًا طَلَبُهُ ; جَهَنَّمُ كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 97 ]. وعن سُلَيْمُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: نَشَأَتُ يَتِيمًا، وَهَاجَرَتُ مِسْكِينًا، وَكُنْتُ أَجِيرًا لِابْنةِ غَزْوَانَ بِطَعَامِ بَطْنِي وَعُقْبَةِ رِجْلِي، أَحْدُو بِهِمْ إِذَا رَكِبُوا، وَأَحْتَطِبُ إِذَا نَزَلُوا، فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الدِّينَ قَوَامًا وَجَعَلَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِمَامًا. وعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبُو ذَرٍّ: بَابٌ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ  نَتَعَلَّمُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ رَكْعَةٍ تَطَوُّعًا، وَبَابٌ نُعَلِّمُهُ - عَمِلْنَا بِهِ أَوْ لَمْ نَعْمَلْ بِهِ - أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ مِائَةِ رَكْعَةٍ تَطَوُّعًا. وَقَالَا: سَمِعَنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " إِذَا جَاءَ طَالِبَ الْعِلْمِ الْمَوْتُ وَهُوَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالِ، مَاتَ وَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ ". وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَرَوَى غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَعَوَّذُ فِي سُجُودِهِ أَنْ يَزْنِيَ أَوْ يَسْرِقَ أَوْ يَكْفُرَ أَوْ يَعْمَلَ بِكَبِيرَةٍ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَتَخَافُ ذَلِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا يُؤَمِّنُنِي وَإِبْلِيسُ حَيٌّ، وَمُصَرِّفُ الْقُلُوبِ  يُصَرِّفُهَا كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ ؟ وَقَالَتْ لَهُ ابْنَتُهُ: يَا أَبَتِ، إِنَّ الْبَنَاتَ يُعَيِّرْنَنِي يَقُلْنَ: لِمَ لَا يَحْلِيكِ أَبُوكِ بِالذَّهَبِ ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّةُ، قُولِي لَهُنَّ: إِنَّ أَبِي يَخْشَى عَلَيَّ حَرَّ اللَّهَبِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقُمْتُ لَهُ وَهُوَ يُسَبِّحُ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَانْتَظَرْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ، فَقُلْتُ: أَقْرِئْنِي آيَاتٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ - قَالَ: وَمَا أُرِيدُ إِلَّا الطَّعَامَ - قَالَ: فَأَقْرَأَنِي آيَاتٍ مِنْ سُورَةِ " آلِ عِمْرَانَ "، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَهْلَهُ دَخَلَ وَتَرَكَنِي عَلَى الْبَابِ فَأَبْطَأَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَنْزِعُ ثِيَابَهُ ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ لِي بِطَعَامٍ. فَلَمْ أَرَ شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا طَالَ عَلَيَّ قُمْتُ فَمَشَيْتُ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَلَّمَنِي فَقَالَ: " يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، إِنَّ خُلُوفَ فَمِكَ اللَّيْلَةَ لَشَدِيدٌ ". فَقُلْتُ: أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ ظَلَلْتُ صَائِمًا وَمَا أَفْطَرْتُ بَعْدُ، وَمَا أَجِدُ مَا أُفْطِرُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: " فَانْطَلَقَ ". فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَتَى بَيْتَهُ، فَدَعَا جَارِيَةً لَهُ سَوْدَاءَ، فَقَالَ: " ائْتِينَا بِتِلْكَ الْقَصْعَةِ ". فَأَتَتْنَا بِقَصْعَةٍ فِيهَا وَضُرٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَرَاهُ شَعِيرًا قَدْ أُكِلَ وَبَقِيَ فِي جَوَانِبِهَا بَعْضُهُ وَهُوَ يَسِيرٌ، فَسَمَّيْتُ وَجَعَلْتُ أَتَتَبَّعُهُ، فَأَكَلْتُ حَتَّى شَبِعْتُ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْكُنَاسَةَ مَهْلَكَةُ دُنْيَاكُمْ وَآخِرَتِكُمْ. يَعْنِي الشَّهَوَاتِ وَمَا يَأْكُلُونَهُ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: " أَلَا تَسْأَلُنِي مِنْ هَذِهِ الْغَنَائِمِ الَّتِي يَسْأَلُنِي أَصْحَابُكَ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَنِي مِمَّا عَلَّمَكَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ: فَنَزَعْتُ نَمِرَةً عَلَى ظَهْرِي، فَبَسَطْتُهَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ حَتَّى كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْقَمْلِ يَدِبُّ عَلَيْهَا، فَحَدَّثَنِي حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَوْعَبَ حَدِيثَهُ قَالَ: " اجْمَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ فَصُرَّهَا ". فَأَصْبَحْتُ لَا أُسْقِطُ حَرْفًا مِمَّا حَدَّثَنِي  . وَقَالَ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: كَيْفَ تَصُومُ ؟ قَالَ: أَصُومُ أَوَّلَ الشَّهْرِ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ كَانَ لِي أَجْرُ شَهْرِي. وعَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَمَعَهُ قَوْمٌ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلُوا وَضَعُوا السُّفْرَةَ وَبَعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ لِيَأْكُلَ مَعَهُمْ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ. فَلَمَّا كَادُوا أَنْ يَفْرَغُوا مِنْ أَكْلِهِمْ جَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ، فَجَعَلَ الْقَوْمُ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِمُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلُوهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: أَرَاكُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيَّ، قَدْ وَاللَّهِ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ صَائِمٌ. فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: صَدَقَ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " صَوْمُ شَهْرِ الصَّبْرِ  وَصَوْمُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ  صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ ". وَقَدْ صُمْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ، فَأَنَا مُفْطِرٌ فِي تَخْفِيفِ اللَّهِ، صَائِمٌ فِي تَضْعِيفِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابٌ لَهُ إِذَا صَامُوا يَجْلِسُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَقَالُوا: نُظَهِّرُ صِيَامَنَا. وعن فَرْقَدٌ السَّبَخِيُّ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: وَيْلٌ لِي مِنْ بَطْنِي، إِنْ أَشْبَعْتُهُ كَظَّنِي، وَإِنْ أَجَعْتُهُ أَضْعَفَنِي. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَهُ خَيْطٌ فِيهِ اثَنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ عُقَدْةٍ يُسَبِّحُ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنَامَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَلْفَا عُقَدْةٍ، فَلَا يَنَامُ حَتَّى يُسَبِّحَ بِهِ. وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنَ الَّذِي قَبِلَهُ. وَلِمَا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ بَكَى فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا أَبْكِي عَلَى دُنْيَاكُمْ هَذِهِ، وَلَكِنْ أَبْكِي عَلَى بُعْدِ سَفَرِي وَقِلَّةِ زَادِي، وَإِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ فِي صُعُودٍ مُهْبِطٍ عَلَى جَنَّةٍ وَنَارٍ، لَا أَدْرِي إِلَى أَيِّهِمَا يُؤْخَذُ بِي. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: إِذَا زَوَّقْتُمْ مَسَاجِدَكُمْ وَحَلَّيْتُمْ مَصَاحِفَكُمْ فَالدَّمَارُ عَلَيْكُمْ  . وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بِجِنَازَةٍ قَالَ: رُوحُوا فَإِنَّا غَادُونَ، أَوِ اغْدُوَا فَإِنَّا رَائِحُونَ، مَوْعِظَةٌ بَلِيغَةٌ، وَغَفْلَةٌ سَرِيعَةٌ، يَذْهَبُ الْأَوَّلُ وَيَبْقَى الْآخِرُ لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ. وعن عَبْدُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّدُوسِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا يَزِيدَ الْمَدِينِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَامَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دُونَ مَقَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُتْبَةَ، فَقَالَ: وَيْلٌ لِلْعَرَبِ مِنْ شَرٍّ قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ، وَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِنْ إِمَارَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ   ; يَحْكُمُونَ فِيهِمْ بِالْهَوَى وَيَقْتُلُونَ بِالْغَضَبِ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَتْ لِي خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ ثَمَرَةً، فَأَفْطَرْتُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ، وَتَسَحَّرْتُ بِخَمْسٍ، وَأَبْقَيْتُ خَمْسًا لِفِطْرِي. وعَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ زِنْجِيَّةٌ قَدْ غَمَّتْهُمْ بِعَمَلِهَا، فَرَفَعَ عَلَيْهَا يَوْمًا السَّوْطَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَوْلَا الْقِصَاصُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَأَغْشَيْتُكِ بِهِ، وَلَكِنْ سَأَبِيعُكِ مِمَّنْ يُوَفِّينِي ثَمَنَكِ أَحْوَجَ مَا أَكُونُ إِلَيْهِ، اذْهَبِي فَأَنْتِ حُرَّةٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وعَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَرِضَ، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَعُودُهُ، فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ. فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُرْجِعْهَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا سَلَمَةَ، يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَكُونُ الْمَوْتُ أَحَبَّ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمْ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ الْأَحْمَرِ  . وَرَوَى عَطَاءٌ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ سِتًّا، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ نَفْسُ أَحَدِكُمْ فِي يَدِهِ فَلْيُرْسِلْهَا، فَلِذَلِكَ أَتَمَنَّى الْمَوْتَ أَخَافُ أَنْ تُدْرِكَنِي ; إِذَا أُمِّرَتِ السُّفَهَاءُ، وَبِيعَ الْحُكْمُ، وَتُهُوِّنُ بِالدَّمِ، وَقُطَّعَتِ الْأَرْحَامُ، وَكَثُرَتِ الْجَلَاوِزَةُ، وَنَشَأَ نَشْءٌ يَتَّخِذُونَ الْقُرْآنَ مَزَامِيرَ. وعَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، أَنَّ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْقُرَظِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ أَقْبَلَ فِي السُّوقِ يَحْمِلُ حُزْمَةَ حَطَبٍ - وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَمِيرٌ لِمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ - فَقَالَ: أَوْسِعِ الطَّرِيقَ لِلْأَمِيرِ يَا ابْنَ أَبِي مَالِكٍ. فَقُلْتُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ يَكْفِي هَذَا. فَقَالَ: أَوْسِعِ الطَّرِيقَ لِلْأَمِيرِ وَالْحُزْمَةُ عَلَيْهِ. وَلَهُ فَضَائِلُ وَمَنَاقِبُ وَمَآثِرُ وَكَلَامٌ حَسَنٌ وَمَوَاعِظُ جَمَّةٌ، أَسْلَمَ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا عَامَ خَيْبَرَ، إرسال أبو هريرة إلى البحرين فَلَزِمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يُفَارِقْهُ إِلَّا حِينَ بَعَثَهُ مَعَ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ، وَوَصَّاهُ بِهِ، فَجَعَلَهُ الْعَلَاءُ مُؤَذِّنًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: لَا تَسْبِقْنِي بِآمِينَ أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ. وَقَدِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَيْهَا فِي أَيَّامِ إِمَارَتِهِ، وَقَاسَمَهُ مَعَ جُمْلَةِ الْعُمَّالِ. وعَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ اسْتَعْمَلَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَقَدِمَ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ أَيْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّ كِتَابِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: لَسْتُ بِعَدُوِّ اللَّهِ وَلَا عَدُوِّ كتَابِهِ، وَلَكِنِّي عَدُوُّ مَنْ عَادَاهُمَا. فَقَالَ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ هِيَ لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: خَيْلٌ نُتِجَتْ، وَغَلَّةٌ وَرَقِيقٌ لِي، وَأَعْطِيَةٌ تَتَابَعَتْ عَلَيَّ. فَنَظَرُوا فَوَجَدُوهُ كَمَا قَالَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَعَاهُ عُمَرُ لِيَسْتَعْمِلَهُ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: تَكْرَهُ الْعَمَلَ، وَقَدْ طَلَبَهُ مَنْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مِنْكَ ؟ طَلَبَهُ يُوسُفُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ يُوسُفَ نَبِيٌّ ابْنُ نَبِيٍّ ابْنِ نَبِيٍّ ابْنِ نَبِيٍّ، وَأَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ بْنُ أُمَيْمَةَ وَأَخْشَى ثَلَاثًا وَاثْنَتَيْنِ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَهَلَّا قُلْتَ خَمْسَةً ؟ قَالَ: أَخْشَى أَنْ أَقُولَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ، وَأَقْضِيَ بِغَيْرِ حُكْمٍ، أَوْ يُضْرَبَ ظَهْرِي، وَيُنْتَزَعَ مَالِي، وَيُشْتَمُ عِرْضِي. وَذَكَرَ غَيْرُهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ أَغْرَمَهُ فِي الْعِمَالَةِ الْأُولَى اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَلِهَذَا امْتَنَعَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ. تولية أبي هريرة المدينة من قبل معاوية وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: كَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ يَبْعَثُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَإِذَا غَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ عَزَلَهُ وَوَلَّى مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ حَجَبَهُ عَنْهُ، فَعَزَلَ مَرْوَانَ وَرَجَعَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، فَقَالَ لِمَوْلَاهُ: مَنْ جَاءَكَ فَلَا تَرُدَّهُ، وَاحَجُبْ مَرْوَانَ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مَرْوَانُ دَفَعَ الْغُلَامُ فِي صَدْرِهِ، فَمَا دَخَلَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ جُهْدٍ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ حَجَبَنَا عَنْكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِنَّكَ أَحَقُّ النَّاسِ أَنْ لَا تَغْضَبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَالْمَعْرُوفُ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَسْتَنِيبُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فِي إِمْرَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَلَكِنْ كَانَ يَكُونُ عَنْ إِذْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وعَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: كَانَ مَرْوَانُ رُبَّمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَيَرْكَبُ الْحِمَارَ وَيَلْقَى الرَّجُلَ فَيَقُولُ: الطَّرِيقَ، قَدْ جَاءَ الْأَمِيرُ. يَعْنِي نَفْسَهُ، وَكَانَ يَمُرُّ بِالصِّبْيَانِ وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ بِاللَّيْلِ لُعْبَةَ الْأَعْرَابِ، فَلَا يَشْعُرُونَ بِهِ حَتَّى يُلْقِي نَفْسَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَيَضْرِبُ بِرِجْلَيْهِ كَأَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ، فَيَفْزَعُ الصِّبْيَانُ مِنْهُ وَيَفِرُّونَ. قَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: وَرُبَّمَا دَعَانِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِلَى عَشَائِهِ بِاللَّيْلِ، فَيَقُولُ: دَعِ الْعِرَاقَ لِلْأَمِيرِ - يَعْنِي قِطَعَ اللَّحْمِ - قَالَ: فَأَنْظُرُ فَإِذَا هُوَ ثَرِيدٌ بِزَيْتٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الزُّعَيْزِعَةِ كَاتِبُ مَرْوَانَ: بَعَثَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ بَعْثَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنِّي غَلِطْتُ وَلَمْ أُرِدْكَ بِهَا، وَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ غَيْرَكَ. فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: قَدْ أَخْرَجْتُهَا، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ عَطَائِي فَخُذْهَا مِنْهُ. وَكَانَ قَدْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا. وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مَرْوَانُ اخْتِبَارَهُ. وعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، قَالَ: كَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِذَا أَعْطَى أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ سَكَتَ، وَإِذَا أَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ تَكَلَّمَ. وَرَوَى غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَهُ شَابٌّ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي، فَجَاءَنِي بِخُبْزٍ وَلَحْمٍ، فَأَكَلْتُ نَاسِيًا. فَقَالَ: طُعْمَةٌ أَطْعَمَكَهَا اللَّهُ  ، لَا عَلَيْكَ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ دَارًا لِأَهْلِي فَجِيءَ بِلَبَنِ لَقْحَةٍ، فَشَرِبْتُهُ نَاسِيًا. قَالَ: لَا عَلَيْكَ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ نِمْتُ، فَاسْتَيْقَظْتُ، فَشَرِبْتُ مَاءً - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَجَامَعْتُ نَاسِيًا - فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِنَّكَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لَمْ تَعَوَّدِ الصِّيَامَ. وفاة أبي هريرة وَرَوَى غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، أَنَّهُ لَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ بَكَى، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ ؟ قَالَ: عَلَى قِلَّةِ الزَّادِ وَشِدَّةِ الْمَفَازَةِ، وَأَنَا عَلَى عَقَبَةِ هُبُوطٍ ; إِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ أَوْ إِلَى نَارٍ، فَمَا أَدْرِي إِلَى أَيِّهِمَا أَصِيرُ. وعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلَ مَرْوَانُ عَلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي شَكْوَاهُ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ: شَفَاكَ اللَّهُ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ. فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّ لِقَاءَكَ  فَأَحِبَّ لِقَائِي. قَالَ: فَمَا بَلَغَ مَرْوَانُ أَصْحَابَ الْقَطَا حَتَّى مَاتَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ. وعَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُدْرِكْنِي سَنَةَ سِتِّينَ. قَالَ: فَتُوُفِّيَ فِيهَا أَوْ قَبْلَهَا بِسَنَةٍ. وَهَكَذَا قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ عَنْ ثَمَانٍ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي صَلَّى عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَعَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ بَعْدَهُمَا فِيهَا. كَذَا قَالَ، وَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ تَأَخَّرَتْ بَعْدَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ: إِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ. وَقِيلَ: ثَمَانٍ - وَقِيلَ: سَبْعٍ - وَخَمْسِينَ. وَالْمَشْهُورُ تِسْعٌ وَخَمْسِينَ. قَالُوا: وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ نَائِبُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَفِي الْقَوْمِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ وَخَلْقٌ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ فِي دَارِهِ بِالْعَقِيقِ، فَحُمِلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ دُفِنَ بِالْبَقِيعِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ. وَكَتَبَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِوَفَاةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ أَنِ انْظُرْ وَرَثَتَهُ فَأَحْسِنْ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَاصْرِفْ إِلَيْهِمْ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَحْسِنْ جِوَارَهُمْ، وَاعْمَلْ إِلَيْهِمْ مَعْرُوفًا ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مِمَّنْ نَصَرَ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ فِي الدَّارِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُحَيْنَةَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْقِشْبِ   وَاسْمُهُ جُنْدَبُ بْنُ نَضْلَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ، أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ، وَهِيَ أُمُّهُ بُحَيْنَةُ بِنْتُ الْأَرَتِّ، وَاسْمُهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا، وَصَحِبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ نَاسِكًا صَوَّامًا قَوَّامًا، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ يَسْرُدُ صَوْمَ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: كَانَ يَنْزِلُ بَطْنَ رِيمٍ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ مِيلًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ. وَمَاتَ فِي عَمَلِ مَرْوَانَ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، مَا بَيْنَ سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ إِلَى ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ ابْنَ الْجَوْزِيِّ نَقَلَ مِنْ كَلَامِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ ذَكَرَ وَفَاتَهُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، يَعْنِي سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْخَزْرَجِيُّ   صَحَابِيٌّ جَلِيلٌ كَأَبِيهِ، لَهُ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " حَدِيثٌ، وَهُوَ الْقِيَامُ لِلْجِنَازَةِ، وَلَهُ فِي " الْمُسْنَدِ " حَدِيثٌ فِي صَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَحَدِيثُ غُسْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي دَارِهِمْ، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَخَدَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ. وَثَبَتَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ " عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَنْزِلَةِ صَاحِبِ الشُّرْطَةِ مِنَ الْأَمِيرِ. وَحَمَلَ لِوَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ الْغَزَوَاتِ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ. وَلَمَّا بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجِرَّاحِ، وَمَعَهُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَأَصَابَهُمْ ذَلِكَ الْجَهْدُ الْكَثِيرُ، فَنَحَرَ لَهُمْ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ تِسْعَ جَزَائِرَ، حَتَّى وَجَدُوا تِلْكَ الدَّابَّةَ عَلَى سَيْفِ الْبَحْرِ، فَأَكَلُوا مِنْهَا، وَأَقَامُوا عَلَيْهَا شَهْرًا حَتَّى سَمِنُوا. وَكَانَ قَيْسٌ سَيِّدًا مُطَاعًا كَرِيمًا مُمَدَّحًا شُجَاعًا، وَلَّاهُ عَلِيٌّ نِيَابَةَ مِصْرَ، وَكَانَ يُقَاوِمُ بِدَهَائِهِ وَخَدِيعَتِهِ وَسِيَاسَتِهِ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ مُعَاوِيَةُ يَعْمَلُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى عَزَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مِصْرَ، وَوَلَّى عَلَيْهَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَاسْتَخَفَّهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَخَذَ مِنْهُ مِصْرَ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ. وَأَقَامَ قَيْسٌ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ، فَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ صِفِّينَ وَالنَّهْرَوَانَ، وَلَزِمَهُ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، ثُمَّ صَارَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْكَلِمَةُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ جَاءَهُ لِيُبَايِعَهُ، كَمَا بَايَعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ. قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: قَدِمَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ ; لِيُبَايِعَهُ كَمَا بَايَعَ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: وَأَنْتَ يَا قَيْسُ تُلْجِمُ عَلَيَّ مَعَ مَنْ أَلْجَمَ ؟ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا تَأْتِيَ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ إِلَّا وَقَدْ ظَفِرَ بِكَ ظُفْرٌ مِنْ أَظَافِرِي مُوجِعٌ. فَقَالَ لَهُ قَيْسٌ: وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ قَدْ كُنْتُ كَارِهًا أَنْ أَقُومَ فِي هَذَا الْمُقَامِ فَأُحَيِّيَكَ بِهَذِهِ التَّحِيَّةِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: وَلِمَ ؟ وَهَلْ أَنْتَ إِلَّا حَبْرٌ مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَيْسٌ: وَأَنْتَ يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ كُنْتَ صَنَمًا مِنْ أَصْنَامِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، دَخَلَتْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ كَارِهًا، وَخَرَجْتَ مِنْهُ طَائِعًا. فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: اللَّهُمَّ غَفْرًا، مُدَّ يَدَكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: إِنْ شِئْتَ زِدْتَ وَزِدْتُ. وَقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ: قَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ لِقَيْسٍ: أَشْكُو إِلَيْكَ قِلَّةَ الْجِرْذَانِ. فَقَالَ قَيْسٌ: مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذِهِ الْكِنَايَةَ ! امْلَئُوا بَيْتَهَا خُبْزًا وَلَحْمًا وَسَمْنًا وَتَمْرًا. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: وَكَانَتْ لَهُ صَحْفَةٌ يُدَارُ بِهَا حَيْثُ دَارَ، وَكَانَ يُنَادِي لَهُ مُنَادٍ: هَلُمُّوا إِلَى اللَّحْمِ وَالثَّرِيدِ. وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ وَجَدُّهُ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ يَفْعَلَانِ كَفِعْلِهِ. وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: بَاعَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَرْضًا بِتِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا، فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَنَادَى مُنَادِيهِ: مَنْ أَرَادَ الْقَرْضَ فَلْيَأْتِ. فَأَقْرَضَ مِنْهَا خَمْسِينَ أَلْفًا وَأَطْلَقَ الْبَاقِيَ، ثُمَّ مَرِضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَلَّ عُوَّادُهُ، فَقَالَ لِزَوْجَتِهِ قُرَيْبَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ أُخْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: إِنِّي أَرَى قِلَّةَ عُوَّادِي فِي مَرَضِي هَذَا، وَإِنِّي لَأَرَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَا لِي عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنَ الْقَرْضِ. فَبَعَثَ إِلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِمَّنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ بِصَكِّهِ الْمَكْتُوبِ عَلَيْهِ، فَوَهَبَهُمْ مَا لَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ أَمَرَ مُنَادِيَهُ فَنَادَى: مَنْ كَانَ لِقَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَلَيْهِ دِينٌ فَهُوَ مِنْهُ فِي حِلٍّ. فَمَا أَمْسَى حَتَّى كُسِرَتْ عَتَبَةُ بَابِهِ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعُوَّادِ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي مَالًا وَفَعَالًا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ الْفَعَالُ إِلَّا بِالْمَالِ. وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: اقْتَرَضَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ لِيُوَفِّيَهُ إِيَّاهَا قَالَ لَهُ قَيْسٌ: إِنَّا قَوْمٌ إِذَا أَعْطَيْنَا أَحَدًا شَيْئًا لَا نَرْجِعُ فِيهِ. وَقَالَ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ: اخْتَلَفَ ثَلَاثَةٌ عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ فِي أَكْرَمِ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِمْ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: عَرَابَةُ الْأَوْسِيُّ. فَتَمَارَوْا فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَ ضَجِيجُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَجُلٌ: فَلْيَذْهَبْ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ أَكْرَمُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَا يُعْطِيهِ وَلْيُحْكَمْ عَلَى الْعَيَانِ. فَذَهَبَ صَاحِبُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ إِلَيْهِ، فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ وَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ فِي الْغَرْزِ لِيَذْهَبَ إِلَى ضَيْعَةٍ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ابْنُ سَبِيلٍ وَمُنْقَطَعٌ بِهِ. قَالَ: فَأَخْرَجَ رِجْلَهُ مِنَ الْغَرْزِ وَقَالَ: ضَعْ رِجْلَكَ وَاسْتَوِ عَلَيْهَا، فَهِيَ لَكَ بِمَا عَلَيْهَا، وَخُذْ مَا فِي الْحَقِيبَةِ وَلَا تُخْدَعَنَّ عَنِ السَّيْفِ، فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ سُيُوفِ عَلِيٍّ. فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ بِنَاقَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ، وَإِذَا فِي الْحَقِيبَةِ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ، وَمَطَارِفُ مِنْ خَزٍّ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَأَجَلُّ ذَلِكَ سَيْفُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ. وَمَضَى صَاحِبُ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ إِلَيْهِ، فَوَجَدَهُ نَائِمًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ: مَا حَاجَتُكَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: ابْنُ سَبِيلٍ وَمُنْقَطَعٌ بِهِ. قَالَتْ: فَحَاجَتُكَ أَيْسَرُ مِنْ إِيقَاظِهِ، هَذَا كِيسٌ فِيهِ سَبْعُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ مَا فِي دَارِ قَيْسٍ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ الْيَوْمَ، وَاذْهَبْ إِلَى مَوْلَانَا فِي مَعَاطِنِ الْإِبِلِ، فَخُذْ لَكَ نَاقَةً وَعَبْدًا، وَاذْهَبْ رَاشِدًا. فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَظَ قَيْسٌ مِنْ رَقْدَتِهِ أَخْبَرَتْهُ الْجَارِيَةُ بِمَا صَنَعَتْ، فَأَعْتَقَهَا شُكْرًا عَلَى صَنِيعِهَا ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: هَلَّا أَيْقَظْتِنِي حَتَّى أُعْطِيَهُ مَا يَكْفِيهِ، فَلَعَلَّ الَّذِي أَعْطَيْتِهِ لَا يَقَعُ مِنْهُ مَوْقِعَ حَاجَتِهِ. وَذَهَبَ صَاحِبُ عَرَابَةَ الْأَوْسِيِّ إِلَيْهِ، فَوَجَدَهُ وَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ يُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَهُوَ يَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَى عَبْدَيْنِ، وَقَدْ كُفَّ بَصَرُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا عَرَابَةُ. فَقَالَ: قُلْ. فَقَالَ: ابْنُ سَبِيلٍ وَمُنْقَطَعٌ بِهِ. قَالَ: فَخَلَّى عَنِ الْعَبْدَيْنِ ثُمَّ صَفَّقَ بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى الْيُسْرَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَوَّهْ أَوَّهْ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَصْبَحْتُ وَلَا أَمْسَيْتُ وَقَدْ تَرَكَتِ الْحُقُوقُ مِنْ مَالِ عَرَابَةَ شَيْئًا، وَلَكِنْ خُذْهُمَا. يَعْنِي الْعَبْدَيْنِ. فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ. فَقَالَ: إِنْ لَمْ تَأْخُذْهُمَا فَهُمَا حُرَّانِ فَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَأَعْتِقْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَخُذْ. وَأَقْبَلَ يَلْتَمِسُ الْحَائِطَ بِيَدِهِ، قَالَ: فَأَخَذَهُمَا وَجَاءَ بِهِمَا. قَالَ: فَحَكَمَ النَّاسُ عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَ جَعْفَرٍ قَدْ جَادَ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِمُسْتَنْكَرٍ لَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ السَّيْفَ أَجَلُّهَا، وَأَنَّ قَيْسًا أَحَدُ الْأَجْوَادِ ; حَكَّمَ مَمْلُوكَتَهُ فِي مَالِهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِهِ، وَاسْتِحْسَانِهِ مَا فَعَلَتْهُ، وَعِتْقِهِ لَهَا وَمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّ أَسْخَى الثَّلَاثَةِ عَرَابَةُ الْأَوْسِيُّ ; لِأَنَّهُ جُهْدٌ مِنْ مُقِلٍّ. وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ قَالَ: قَسَّمَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ مَالَهُ بَيْنَ أَوْلَادِهِ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَمَاتَ بِهَا، فَوُلِدَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ، فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ إِلَى قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فَقَالَا: إِنَّ أَبَاكَ قَسَّمَ مَالَهُ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِحَالِ هَذَا الْوَلَدِ إِذْ كَانَ حَمْلًا، فَاقْسِمُوا لَهُ مَعَكُمْ. فَقَالَ قَيْسٌ: إِنِّي لَا أُغَيِّرُ مَا فَعَلَهُ سَعْدٌ، وَلَكِنَّ نَصِيبِي لَهُ. وعَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ لَا يَزَالُ هَكَذَا رَافِعًا أُصْبُعَهُ الْمُسَبِّحَةَ. يَعْنِي يَدْعُو. وعَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " الْمَكْرُ وَالْخَدِيعَةُ  فِي النَّارِ ". لَكُنْتُ مِنْ أَمْكَرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: دُهَاةُ الْعَرَبِ حِينَ ثَارَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ خَمْسَةٌ ; مُعَاوِيَةُ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُدَيْلٍ، وَكَانَا مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، وَكَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ مُعْتَزِلًا بِالطَّائِفِ حَتَّى حَكَمَ الْحَكَمَانِ، فَصَارَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ كَانَ قَدْ تَغَلَّبَ عَلَى مِصْرَ، وَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ نَائِبَ عُثْمَانَ بَعْدَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَأَقَرَّهُ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى مُدَّةٍ يَسِيرَةٍ، ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ بِقَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا سَارَ فِيهَا سِيرَةً حَسَنَةً وَضَبَطَهَا، وَذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَثَلَاثِينَ، فَثَقُلَ أَمْرُهُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَكَاتَبَاهُ لِيَكُونَ مَعَهُمَا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ فَامْتَنَعَ، وَأَظْهَرَ لِلنَّاسِ مُنَاصَحَتَهُ لَهُمَا، فَشَاعَ الْخَبَرُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا فَعَزَلَهُ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى مِصْرَ الْأَشْتَرَ النَّخَعِيَّ، فَمَاتَ الْأَشْتَرُ فِي الرَّمْلَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَيْهَا، فَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَخَفَّ أَمْرُهُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَمْرٍو، فَلَمْ يَزَالَا حَتَّى أَخَذَا مِنْهُ الدِّيَارَ الْمِصْرِيَّةَ، وَقُتِلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَأُحْرِقَ فِي جِيفَةِ حِمَارٍ، وَسَارَ قَيْسٌ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ بِالْكُوفَةِ، فَكَانَ مَعَهُ فِي حُرُوبِهِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ، ثُمَّ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَةِ الْحَسَنِ، فَلَمَّا بَايَعَ الْحَسَنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ سَاءَ قَيْسًا ذَلِكَ، وَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ طَاعَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي وَفْدٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَبَايَعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بَعْدَ مُعَاتَبَةٍ، وَكَلَامٍ فِيهِ غِلْظَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَكْرَمَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَقَدَّمَهُ وَحَظِيَ عِنْدَهُ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ مَعَ الْوُفُودِ عِنْدَ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِذْ قَدِمَ كِتَابُ مَلِكِ الرُّومِ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَفِيهِ أَنِ ابْعَثْ إِلَيَّ بِسَرَاوِيلِ أَطْوَلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ. فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ لِقَيْسٍ: مَا أَظُنُّنَا إِلَّا قَدِ احْتَجْنَا إِلَى سَرَاوِيلِكَ. وَكَانَ قَيْسٌ مَدِيدُ الْقَامَةِ جِدًّا، لَا يَصِلُ أَطْوَلُ الرِّجَالِ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ، فَقَامَ قَيْسٌ فَتَنَحَّى، ثُمَّ خَلَعَ سَرَاوِيلَهُ، فَأَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَى هَذَا، هَلَّا ذَهَبْتَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِكَ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْتَ بِهَا إِلَيْنَا. فَأَنْشَأَ قَيْسٌ يَقُولُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: أَرَدْتُ بِهَا كَيْ يَعْلَمَ النَّاسُ أَنَّهَا     سَرَاوِيلُ قَيْسٍ وَالْوُفُودُ شُهُودُ وَأَنْ لَا يَقُولُوا غَابَ قَيْسٌ وَهَذِهِ     سَرَاوِيلُ عَادِيٌّ نَمَتْهُ ثَمُودُ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْحَيِّ الْيَمَانِي لَسَيِّدٌ     وَمَا النَّاسُ إِلَّا سَيِّدٌ وَمَسُودُ فَكِدْهُمْ بِمِثْلِي إِنَّ مِثْلِي عَلَيْهِمُ     شَدِيدٌ وَخَلْقِي فِي الرِّجَالِ مَزِيدُ وَفَضَّلَنِي فِي النَّاسِ أَصْلِي وَوَالِدِي     وَبَاعٌ بِهِ أَعْلُو الرِّجَالَ مَدِيدُ قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ أَطْوَلَ رَجُلٍ فِي الْوَفْدِ، فَوَضَعَهَا عَلَى أَنْفِهِ فَوَقَعَتْ بِالْأَرْضِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّ مَلِكَ الرُّومِ بَعَثَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ جَيْشِهِ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا أَقْوَى الرُّومِ، وَالْآخَرَ أَطْوَلُ الرُّومِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي جَيْشِكَ مَنْ يَفُوقُهُمَا فِي قُوَّةِ هَذَا وَطُولِ هَذَا بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الْأَسَارَى كَذَا وَكَذَا وَمَنَ التُّحَفِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي جَيْشِكَ مَنْ يُشْبِهُهُمَا فَهَادِنِي ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ. فَلَمَّا حَضَرَا عِنْدَ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: مَنْ لِهَذَا الْقَوِيِّ ؟ فَقَالُوا: مَا لَهُ إِلَّا أَحَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ ; إِمَّا مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، أَوْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ. فَجِيءَ بِمُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ عِنْدَ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: أَتَعْلَمُ فِيمَ أُرْسَلْتُ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا. فَذَكَرَ لَهُ أَمْرَ الرُّومِيِّ وَشِدَّةَ بِأُسِهِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا تُرِيدُ ؟ فَقَالَ: تَجْلِسُ لِي أَوْ أَجْلِسُ لَكَ، وَتُنَاوِلُنِي يَدَكَ أَوْ أُنَاوِلُكَ يَدِي، فَأَيُّنَا قَدَرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْآخَرَ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ غَلَبَهُ، وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ غُلِبَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَاذَا تُرِيدُ ; تَجْلِسُ أَوْ أَجْلِسُ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرُّومِيُّ: بَلِ اجْلِسْ أَنْتَ. فَجَلَسَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَأَعْطَى الرُّومِيَّ يَدَهُ، فَاجْتَهَدَ الرُّومِيُّ بِكُلِّ مَا يَقَدْرُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ أَنْ يُزِيلَهُ مِنْ مَكَانَهِ أَوْ يُحَرِّكَهُ لِيُقِيمَهُ، فَلَمْ يَقَدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَا وَجَدَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا، فَغَلَبَ الرُّومِيَّ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَظَهَرَ لِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْوُفُودِ مِنْ بِلَادِ الرُّومِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ غَلَبَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ لِلرُّومِيِّ: اجْلِسْ لِي. فَجَلَسَ وَأَعْطَى مُحَمَّدًا يَدَهُ، فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ أَقَامَهُ سَرِيعًا، وَرَفَعَهُ فِي الْهَوَاءِ، ثُمَّ أَلْقَاهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةُ سُرُورًا عَظِيمًا، وَنَهَضَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، فَتَنَحَّى عَنِ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ خَلَعَ سَرَاوِيلَهُ، وَأَعْطَاهَا لِذَلِكَ الرُّومِيِّ الطَّوِيلِ، فَلَبِسَهَا فَبَلَغَتْ إِلَى ثَدْيَيْهِ وَأَطْرَافُهَا تَخُطُّ بِالْأَرْضِ، فَاعْتَرَفَ الرُّومُ بِالْغَلَبِ، وَبَعَثَ مَلِكُهُمْ مَا كَانَ الْتَزَمَهُ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَاتَبَ الْأَنْصَارُ قَيْسَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ فِي خَلْعِهِ سَرَاوِيلَهُ بِحَضْرَةِ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ الشِّعْرُ الْمُتَقَدِّمَ مُعْتَذِرًا بِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ أَلْزَمَ لِلْحُجَّةِ الَّتِي تَقُومُ عَلَى الرُّومِ، وَأَقْطَعَ لِمَا حَاوَلُوهُ. وعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: كَانَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ رَجُلًا ضَخْمًا جَسِيمًا صَغِيرَ الرَّأْسِ، لَهُ لِحْيَةٌ فِي ذَقَنِهِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَكِبَ الْحِمَارَ خَطَّتْ رِجْلَاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وَخَلِيفَةُ بْنُ خَيَّاطٍ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ: تُوُفِّيَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي آخِرِ خِلَافَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ وَفَاتَهُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فَتَبِعْنَاهُ فِي ذَلِكَ. مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ  ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ: أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، الْمُزَنِيُّ: صَحِبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَشَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ، وَرَفَعَ أَغْصَانَ الشَّجَرَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَايَعَ أَهْلَهَا، وَلَّاهُ عُمَرُ الْبَصْرَةَ، فَحَفَرَ النَّهْرَ الْمَنْسُوبَ إِلَيْهِ: نَهْرُ مَعْقِلٍ، وَبَنَى بِالْبَصْرَةِ دَارًا فَنَزَلَهَا. عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِنَادٍ عَلَى مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُحَدِّثُكُ حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنِ اسْتَرْعَاهُ اللَّهُ رَعِيَّةً فَلَمْ يُحِطْهَا بِنَصِيحَةٍ لَمْ يَجِدْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا يُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ مِائَةِ عَامٍ " قَالَ ابْنُ زِيَادٍ: أَلَا حَدَّثْتَنِي قَبْلَ الْيَوْمِ ؟ قَالَ مَعْقِلٌ: وَالْيَوْمَ لَوْ لَمْ أَكُنْ عَلَى حَالِي هَذِهِ لَمْ أُحَدِّثْكَ بِهِ. هِنْدُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ  ، وَاسْمُهُ سُهَيْلٌ، وَهِيَ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: كَانَتْ عِنْدَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، فَهَاجَرَتْ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ، وَتُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَتُوُفِّيَتْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَدُفِنَتْ بِالْبَقِيعِ، وَكَانَ لَهَا يَوْمَ مَاتَتْ أَرْبَعٌ وَثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً. أَبُو مَحْذُورَةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ وَفِيهَا مَاتَ أَبُو مَحْذُورَةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ مُؤَذِّنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ   ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُؤْذِنُ بِهَا حَتَّى مَاتَ وَوَلَدُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَقِيلَ: مَاتَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ.

Translation

✧ Those among the notables who died in this year: Jarwal b. Mālik b. Juʾyah Jarwal b. Mālik b. Juʾyah b. Makhzūm b. Mālik b. Ghālib b. Qaṭīʿah b. ʿAbs: He is al-Ḥuṭayʾah, so nicknamed because of his shortness and his closeness to the ground. His kunyah is Abū Mulaykah. He lived in both the Jāhiliyyah and Islam. It appears that he embraced Islam after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, because there is no mention of him among the Companions or among the delegations. He was foul-tongued and given to much satirical poetry. He satirized his father, his mother, his paternal uncle, his maternal uncle, and himself. He said [to his mother]: Step aside and sit far from me; may Allah give the worlds rest from you. Are you a sieve when a secret is deposited with you, And a brazier among those who converse? May Allah reward you with evil as an old woman, And may He make you meet with disobedience from your sons. He said to his father, his paternal uncle, and his maternal uncle: May Allah curse you, then curse you truly, O father, and curse you from paternal uncle and maternal uncle. How excellent an old man you are in disgraceful matters, And how wretched an old man you are in noble ones. He said to himself: My lips today refused to speak aught but evil, so I know not for whom I shall say it. I see for myself a face whose creation Allah has disfigured; so cursed be the face and cursed be its bearer. Abū ʿUbaydah Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā said: Al-Zibriqān brought the zakāt of ʿAwf and al-Abnāʾ to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ during the apostasy. When he was partway along the road, he saw al-Ḥuṭayʾah—and al-Ḥuṭayʾah was black of tongue, of the inside of the mouth, and of the meeting place of the lips—swaggering along in a tattered garment, disheveled and dust-covered. There had been between al-Zibriqān and Banū Qurayʿ reciprocal satirical exchanges. He wanted to use al-Ḥuṭayʾah as support against them, so he said to him: “Woe to you! You are in a lost state, and I see you are a poet. Would you like good consolation?” He replied, “I would love it.” He said, “Then go join Banū Saʿd until I come to you, for I am only delivering this zakāt to Abū Bakr, then I will join you.” He asked, “Whom shall I ask for?” He said, “Umm Maṭlaʿ al-Shams; then ask for al-Zibriqān b. Badr; then go to Umm Sidrah and tell her: Your husband al-Zibriqān b. Badr says to you: Be kind to your people, for she will do so.” Al-Ḥuṭayʾah did that. When Banū Qurayʿ saw him, they said, “A calamity! He only wants to use him as support against us.” Naqīḍ b. Shammās came to him and said, “O Abū Mulaykah, you have come from your lands, and I see nothing in your hand. Would you like a thing better for you than what you are in?” He asked, “What is it?” He said, “A hundred camels, and you come over to us, and we guarantee your family and dependents that they will manage your affairs in your absence.” So he went over to them. Al-Zibriqān arrived and said, “Where is my neighbor?” His wife said, “He has betrayed you.” Then he began to satirize al-Zibriqān b. Badr, saying in some verses: Leave noble deeds; do not set out seeking them. Sit down, for you are the eater and the wearer. He complained about him to ʿUmar, who said to him, “I do not think he satirized you. Are you not content to be an eater and wearer?” He said: How do you see me as clever and shrewd? I spend the night after Nāfiʿ in a prison called Makhīs. He said, “There is nothing more severe in satire than this.” So ʿUmar sent for Ḥassān b. Thābit and asked him. He said, “He did not satirize him, but arm yourself against him.” So he imprisoned him [at the bottom of a well]. Prisons were not yet built; the first to build one was ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ, who built a prison in Kufa and named it Makhīs. ʿUmar said to al-Ḥuṭayʾah, “O wicked one, I shall keep you busy from the honors of the Muslims.” He said: What will you say to chicks at Dhū Murkh, [downy of crops, no water and no trees? You have cast their provider into a dark pit; so be kind—peace of Allah be upon you, O ʿUmar.] the rest of the verses. ʿUmar ؓ felt compassion for him and released him, and took an undertaking from him that he would not satirize a Muslim. From Zayd b. Aslam, from his father, who said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ordered the release of al-Ḥuṭayʾah from prison, after ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ and others had interceded for him. He was brought out while I was present, and he began to recite: What will you say to chicks at Dhū Murkh, downy of crops, no water and no trees? You have left their provider in a dark pit; so have mercy—may the King of mankind guide you, O ʿUmar. You are the imam to whom, after his companion, mankind cast the keys of wisdom. They did not prefer you with them when they put you forward for them; but for themselves was the trace through you. So bestow favor upon little ones whose dwelling is in the sand, between the watercourses, where fate comes upon them. My soul be your ransom—how many a distance between me and them of a wide desert in which the news is lost. He said: When al-Ḥuṭayʾah said, “What will you say to chicks,” ʿUmar wept. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ said, “The green sky has not shaded, nor the dusty earth carried, a more just man than one who weeps over leaving al-Ḥuṭayʾah.” ʿUmar said, “Advise me about this poet, for he speaks satire, makes love poetry about the sacred sanctuary, praises people, and blames them for what is not in them. I see nothing but to cut off his tongue. Bring me a chair.” He sat on it, then said, “Bring me the awl. Bring me the knife. No, bring me the razor, for it is more cutting.” They said, “He will not do it again, O Commander of the Faithful.” They signaled to him: Say, “I will not do it again.” He said, “I will not do it again.” He said, “Go.” When he turned away, he said, “Come back, O Ḥuṭayʾah.” He came back. He said to him, “It is as if I see you with a young man of Quraysh who has placed a cushion for you and spread another, [and said: O Ḥuṭayʾah, sing for us], and you began to sing to him about the honors of people.” Aslam said: I saw al-Ḥuṭayʾah after that with ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUmar, who had placed a cushion for him and spread another and said, “O Ḥuṭayʾah, sing for us,” and he began to sing to him. I said to him, “O Ḥuṭayʾah, do you remember the day of ʿUmar when he said to you what he said?” He was startled and said, “May Allah have mercy on that man. If he were alive, we would not do this.” I said to ʿUbayd Allāh, “I heard your father say such and such, and you were that man.” With the same chain from Muḥammad b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk, from his father, who said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ordered the release of al-Ḥuṭayʾah from prison, and he was brought out. He said to him, “Give up composing poetry.” He said, “I cannot.” He asked, “Why?” He said, “It is the food of my dependents, and there is an ant on my tongue.” He said, “Then give up extravagant praise.” He asked, “What is extravagant praise?” He said, “Do not say: Banū so-and-so are better than Banū so-and-so. Praise, but do not compare.” He said, “You are more poetic than I, O Commander of the Faithful.” Ibn al-Anbārī said: He used the ant as a metaphor for what recurs of poetry in his heart and his tongue demands of him. Among his panegyrics is his saying: Spare them—may you have no father!— from blame, or fill the place that they filled. Those are a people who, if they build, build well; if they make a covenant, they fulfill it; and if they tie a knot, they tighten it. If a favor is among them, they repay it; and if they bestow, they do not spoil it or make it turbid. When al-Ḥuṭayʾah was dying, it was said to him, “Make a bequest.” He said, “The property is for the males, not the females.” It was said to him: “Make a bequest.” He said, “I bequeath to you poetry.” Then he said: Poetry is difficult and its ladder is long; when one who does not master it climbs it, his foot slips with him to the bottom. And poetry is not mastered by one who wrongs it. He wanted to make it clear, so he made it obscure. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Kurayz b. Rabīʿah b. Khubayb b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf: His mother was Dajājah bt. Asmāʾ b. al-Ṣalt b. Khubayb. He had eleven sons and four daughters. He was born in Makkah four years after the Hijrah. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Makkah for the ʿUmrah al-Qaḍāʾ, he was brought to him at the age of three, and he chewed a date and placed it in his mouth. He moved his lips, then yawned, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spat into his mouth. He was the maternal cousin of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and he remained of noble standing, generous and open-handed. When ʿUthmān became caliph, he appointed him over al-Baṣrah after having confirmed Abū Mūsā for four years as ʿUmar had instructed, then dismissed him and appointed him. On the day he appointed him, he was twenty-five years old. Abū Mūsā said, “A young man of Quraysh has come to you, noble of mothers, paternal aunts, and maternal aunts. He speaks about wealth among you thus and so.” He conquered many lands in Khurāsān, and Yazdajird was killed during his governorship. He entered iḥrām from Nīsābūr in gratitude to Allah Almighty, and built the water troughs at ʿArafah. When ʿUthmān was killed, he joined al-Shām, and Muʿāwiyah appointed him over al-Baṣrah for three years and gave him his daughter Hind in marriage. From some of the Qurayshites who said: Hind bt. Muʿāwiyah was the kindest thing to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir. One day she brought him a mirror and a comb—she used to serve him herself—and he looked in the mirror, and his face and her face met in the mirror. He saw her youth and beauty, and he saw the white hair in his beard that had joined him to the old men. He raised his head to her and said, “Join your father.” She went until she entered upon her father and told him. He said, “Is a free woman divorced?” She said, “It was not from my side,” and told him her story. He sent for him and said, “I honored you with my daughter, then you returned her to me.” He said, “I will tell you about that. Allah, blessed and exalted, bestowed His favor upon me and made me noble; I do not love that anyone should outdo me in favor. Your daughter has made me unable to repay her for the excellence of her companionship. I looked, and behold, I am an old man and she is a young woman. I cannot add wealth to her wealth or nobility to her nobility, so I thought to return her to you, so that you may marry her to a young man of your young men whose face is like the page of a muṣḥaf.” From Sufyān b. ʿAbdah al-Ḥimyarī and ʿUbayd b. Yaḥyā al-Hijrī, who said: Two men from the people of al-Madīnah went out to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Kurz while he was governor of al-ʿIrāq for ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān. One of them was Ibn Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī, and the other was from Thaqīf. He wrote to Ibn ʿĀmir among the news he wrote. They traveled until when they were near al-Baṣrah, the Anṣārī said to the Thaqafī, “Do you like an idea I have had?” He said, “Present it.” He said, “I think we should make our mounts kneel, take our water vessels, touch water, pray two rakʿahs, and praise Allah for what He has decreed of our journey.” He said, “This is not to be refused.” So they performed ablution, then prayed two rakʿahs. The Anṣārī turned to the Thaqafī and said, “O brother of Thaqīf, what is your opinion?” He said, “What place is there for opinion in this? I have completed my journey, worn out my body and my mount, and there is no hope short of Ibn ʿĀmir. Do you have an opinion other than this?” He said, “Yes. When I prayed these two rakʿahs, I reflected and felt ashamed before my Lord, blessed and exalted, that He should see me seeking sustenance from other than Him. O Allah, provide for Ibn ʿĀmir and provide for me from Your bounty.” Then he turned back to al-Madīnah. The Thaqafī entered al-Baṣrah and stayed for some days until Ibn ʿĀmir gave him permission to enter. When he saw him, he welcomed him, then said, “Was I not told that Ibn Jābir went out with you?” He told him his story. Ibn ʿĀmir wept, then said, “By Allah, he did not say that out of insolence or pride, but he saw the course of provision and the outlet of blessing, and he knew that Allah Almighty is the one who does that, so he asked Him from His bounty.” He ordered for the Thaqafī four thousand dirhams, a garment, and a cloak, and he doubled all of that for the Anṣārī. The Thaqafī went out saying: Umaymah, the greed of the greedy does not increase a thread, nor does the abstention of the weak harm. We went out together from the place where our heads fell, in trust of the goodness of Ibn ʿĀmir. When we made the smooth camels kneel at his door, the Yathribī Ibn Jābir held back from me, and said, “The gift of a Powerful One will suffice me, who today is Omnipotent over what He wills among creation.” Truly the One who gave al-ʿIrāq to Ibn ʿĀmir is my Lord, whom I hope will close my poverty. When he traveled at night, a longing traveled upon him to Him, as the hills of the camels yearned. And ʿAbd Allāh doubled, when he was absent his share, over the share of a sorrowful one gaping with greed. She refused, and I had become certain that nothing benefits me or harms me except what is contrary to the decrees. From Nāfiʿ al-Ṭāḥī, who said: I passed by Abū Dharr, and he said to me, “From whom are you?” I said, “From the people of al-ʿIrāq.” He said, “Do you know ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “He used to read with me and keep close to me, then he sought the governorship. When you arrive at al-Baṣrah, make yourself visible to him, for he will say to you, ‘Do you have a need?’ Say, ‘Give me privacy,’ and say to him: ‘I am the messenger of Abū Dharr to you, and he sends you greetings of peace and says to you: We eat dates, drink water, and live as you live.’” When I arrived, I made myself visible to him, and he said, “Do you have a need?” I said, “Give me privacy, may Allah set you right.” He did so. I said, “I am the messenger of Abū Dharr to you”—when I said it, his heart became humble—“and he sends you greetings of peace and says: We eat dates, drink water, and live as you live.” He said: He loosened his waist-wrapper, then put his head into his collar and wept until he filled his collar with weeping. He was the first to make cisterns at ʿArafah and to bring running water and the spring to them. He remained over al-Baṣrah until ʿUthmān was killed. He took the funds of the treasury and met with them Ṭalḥah and al-Zubayr, and he was present with them at the Battle of the Camel. Then he went to Damascus, and no mention of him is heard at Ṣiffīn, but Muʿāwiyah appointed him over al-Baṣrah after his peace with al-Ḥasan. He died in this year at his estate in ʿArafāt. Muʿāwiyah said, “With whom shall we boast? With whom shall we pride ourselves?” He left a bequest to ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr. He has one ḥadīth, and there is nothing from him in the books. From ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever is killed defending his property is a martyr.” Abū Hurayrah al-Dawsī Abū Hurayrah al-Dawsī ؓ There is disagreement about his name in the Jāhiliyyah and Islam and about his father’s name, with numerous opinions, most of which we have set forth in our book “al-Takmīl.” Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir has set that forth in his “History.” The most well-known is that his name was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ṣakhr, and he was from al-Azd, then from Daws. It is said his name in the Jāhiliyyah was ʿAbd Shams. It is also said: ʿAbd Nihm, and it is said: ʿAbd Ghanm. His kunyah was Abū al-Aswad. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ named him ʿAbd Allāh, and it is said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and gave him the kunyah Abū Hurayrah. It is narrated from him that he said: I found a wild kitten, and I took its young. My father said to me, “What is this in your lap?” I told him, and he said, “You are Abū Hurayrah.” It is established in the “Ṣaḥīḥ” that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, “O Abā Hirr,” and it is established that he said to him, “O Abā Hurayrah.” Muḥammad b. Saʿd, Ibn al-Kalbī, and al-Ṭabarānī said: His mother’s name was Maymūnah bt. Ṣubayḥ b. al-Ḥārith b. Abī Ṣaʿb b. Hunayyah b. Saʿd b. Thaʿlabah. She embraced Islam and died a Muslim. The abundance of Abū Hurayrah's narrations. Abū Hurayrah narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a great deal of good (ḥadīth). He was one of the memorizers (ḥuffāẓ) among the Companions. He narrated from Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, Ubayy b. Kaʿb, Usāmah b. Zayd, Baṣrah b. Abī Baṣrah, al-Faḍl b. al-ʿAbbās, Kaʿb al-Aḥbār, and ʿĀʾishah, the Mother of the Believers. A great many people of knowledge related from him. Al-Bukhārī said: About eight hundred men or more of the people of knowledge—Companions, Successors, and others—related from him. Abū Hurayrah's conversion to Islam. ʿAmr b. ʿAlī al-Fallās said: He used to reside in Madinah, and his conversion to Islam was in the year of Khaybar. Al-Wāqidī said: He had a house at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah. Others said: He was dark-complexioned, broad-shouldered, had two braids, and a gap between his front teeth. On the authority of Abū Hurayrah, who said: When I embraced Islam, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "From whom are you?" I said, "From Daws." He placed his hand on his forehead and said, "I did not think that among Daws there was a man in whom there was any good." On the authority of Abū Hurayrah, who said: I was present with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Khaybar. On the authority of Qays, who said: Abū Hurayrah said: I arrived on the day of Khaybar after they had finished the fighting. On the authority of Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out and left Sibāʿ b. ʿUrfuṭah as his deputy over Madinah. Abū Hurayrah said: I arrived in Madinah as an emigrant (muhājir) and prayed the dawn prayer behind Sibāʿ. In the first prostration he recited Sūrat Maryam, and in the second, "Woe to the defrauders" (Sūrat al-Muṭaffifīn). Abū Hurayrah said: I said to myself, "Woe to Abū Fulān"—referring to a man in the land of the Azd who had two measures: one he used to measure for himself, and one with which he defrauded people. It is established in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī that a servant boy of his went astray on the night after whose morning he met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and that he began to chant: O night, how long and wearisome you are, although it delivered me from the abode of unbelief. When he came before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said to him, "This is your servant boy." He said, "He is free for the sake of Allah, Mighty and Majestic." Abū Hurayrah's constant attendance upon the Prophet ﷺ. Abū Hurayrah kept the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after his conversion and never parted from him whether he was present or traveling. He was the most eager of all to hear ḥadīth from him and to acquire understanding from him. He would stay with him on a full stomach. Abū Hurayrah said—after he had once blown his nose in a shirt of his made of linen—"Bravo, bravo! Abū Hurayrah blows his nose in linen! I have seen myself fall down between the pulpit and the rooms from hunger, and a passerby would pass by and say, 'He is possessed by a jinn.' But nothing was wrong with me except hunger. By Allah, besides whom there is no god but He, I would press my liver against the ground from hunger, and I would tie a stone to my stomach from hunger. And I would ask one of them to recite a verse (of the Qur’an) to me, although I knew it better than he did, only so that he would take me along to his house and feed me something." The conversion of the mother of Abū Hurayrah. Abū Kathīr—he is Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Udhaynah al-Suḥaymī, the blind—narrated to me, saying: Abū Hurayrah narrated to me and said to us: By Allah, Allah has not created any believer who hears of me or sees me but that he loves me. I said: How do you know that, O Abū Hurayrah? He said: My mother was an idolatrous woman. I used to call her to Islam, but she refused me. One day I called her, and she made me hear about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what I hated. So I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ weeping and said: O Messenger of Allah, I used to call my mother to Islam, but she refused me. Today I called her, and she made me hear about you what I hated. So pray to Allah to guide the mother of Abū Hurayrah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Allah, guide the mother of Abū Hurayrah." I went out running to give her the good news of the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ supplication. When I reached the door, it was shut, and I heard the splashing of water, and I heard the soft tread of feet—meaning her footsteps. She said: O Abū Hurayrah, stay where you are. Then she opened the door, and she had put on her shift and had been too hasty to don her head-covering. She said: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muḥammad is His servant and His Messenger. I returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ weeping from joy just as I had wept from sorrow, and I said: O Messenger of Allah, rejoice, for Allah has answered your supplication, and He has guided the mother of Abū Hurayrah. And I said: O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah to make me and my mother beloved to His believing servants, and to make them beloved to us. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Allah, make this servant of Yours and his mother beloved to Your believing servants, and make them beloved to the two of them." Abū Hurayrah said: So Allah has not created any believer who hears of me and does not see me, or who sees my mother, but that he loves me. This ḥadīth is one of the proofs of prophethood, for Abū Hurayrah is beloved to all people, and Allah made his renown widespread through what He decreed of the transmission of this report from him, which he narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about listening attentively on Friday during the sermon, on the heads of the people in the many and numerous gatherings in all regions. This is something Allah decreed and facilitated of the spread of his renown and people's love for him, ؓ. On the authority of Sālim, the client of the Naṣriyyīn, that he heard Abū Hurayrah say: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Muḥammad is only a human being; I become angry just as human beings become angry. And I have taken a covenant with You that You will not break with me. Any Muslim man whom I have harmed, insulted, or flogged, make that for him a means of nearness by which he may draw near to You on the Day of Resurrection." Abū Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day raised the whip against me to strike me with it. That he had struck me with it would be dearer to me than red camels, because I hope to be a believer and that the supplication of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ may be answered for me. The abundance of Abū Hurayrah's narration of ḥadīth. On the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Aʿraj, who said: I heard Abū Hurayrah say: You claim that Abū Hurayrah relates many ḥadīths from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Allah is the one to whom the promise is made. I was a poor man, serving the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a full stomach. The Emigrants were occupied with trading in the markets, and the Helpers were occupied with tending their property. I attended a gathering of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: "Whoever spreads his cloak until I finish my speech and then draws it back to himself will never forget anything he hears from me." So I spread a striped cloak that I had until he finished his talk, then I drew it back to myself. By Him in whose hand is my soul, I have not forgotten anything I heard from him. It has been said that this was specific to that particular speech, and that he did not forget any of it, as is evidenced by the fact that he forgot some ḥadīths, as is stated plainly in the Ṣaḥīḥ, where he forgot the ḥadīth "There is no contagion and no evil omen," along with his ḥadīth "A sick person should not be brought among healthy ones." It has also been said that this was general for that speech and others. And Allah knows best. On the authority of Abū Hurayrah, that he said: O Messenger of Allah, who will be the most fortunate of people to receive your intercession on the Day of Resurrection? He said: "I thought, O Abū Hurayrah, that no one would ask me about this ḥadīth before you, because of what I have seen of your eagerness for ḥadīth. The most fortunate of people to receive my intercession on the Day of Resurrection will be the one who says 'There is no god but Allah' sincerely from his own self." On the authority of Abū Hurayrah, that he said: I memorized from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ two vessels. As for one of them, I have spread it among the people. As for the other, if I were to spread it, this throat would be cut. The vessel that he did not disclose contained the trials (fitan) and the great battles (malāḥim), and the wars and fighting that occurred among the people and will occur, which if he had reported before their occurrence many people would have hastened to deny him and would have rejected the truth he reported, just as he said: If I were to tell you that you will kill your leader and fight among yourselves with swords, you would not believe me. Various groups of the people of whims, false innovations, and corrupt deeds cling to this ḥadīth, and they attribute that to this bag (jirāb) which Abū Hurayrah did not speak of. They believe that what they are upon was in this bag which Abū Hurayrah did not disclose. There is no proponent of falsehood—despite the contradictions of their sayings and deeds—but that he claims something of this, and all of them lie. For if Abū Hurayrah did not report it, then who after him knew it? Rather, what was in it concerning the trials and great battles was something he and other Companions did report. On the authority of Abū al-Zuʿayziʿah, the scribe of Marwān b. al-Ḥakam, that Marwān summoned Abū Hurayrah and seated him behind the bed, and Marwān began to ask while I wrote, until at the end of the year he summoned him and seated him behind a screen, and began to question him about that book, and he did not add or subtract, nor put forward or delay anything. On the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said: Abū Hurayrah was one of the best memorizers among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, though he was not the most excellent of them. Al-Rabīʿ said: Al-Shāfiʿī said: Abū Hurayrah was the best memorizer of those who transmitted ḥadīth in his age. On the authority of Makḥūl, who said: The people agreed one night to meet at one of Muʿāwiyah's domed pavilions. They gathered there, and Abū Hurayrah stood up and related to them from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until morning. On the authority of Hammām b. Munabbih, who said: I heard Abū Hurayrah say: None of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has more ḥadīths from him than I, except for ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr, for he used to write and I did not write. On the authority of al-Sāʾib b. Yazīd, who said: I heard ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb say to Abū Hurayrah: You must stop relating ḥadīth from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, or I will send you to the land of Daws. And he said to Kaʿb al-Aḥbār: You must stop relating ḥadīth, or I will send you to the land of monkeys. Abū Zurʿah said: I heard Abū Mushir mention something similar from Saʿīd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz without a full chain. This is to be understood from ʿUmar as his fear that people would misplace ḥadīths, or that they would rely on the ḥadīths of ease (rukhaṣ) that they contained, or that a man who narrates many ḥadīths may fall into some slip or error in his ḥadīths and people would transmit them from him, or something like that. It has come down that ʿUmar later permitted him to narrate. On the authority of Abū Hurayrah, who said: News of my ḥadīth reached ʿUmar, so he sent for me and said: Were you with us on the day we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the house of so-and-so? I said: Yes, and I knew why you asked me about that. He said: Why did I ask you? I said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on that day: "Whoever lies about me deliberately, let him take his seat in the Fire." He said: Then go and narrate. On the authority of Muḥammad b. ʿAjlān, that Abū Hurayrah used to say: I relate ḥadīths which, if I had spoken of them in the time of ʿUmar—or in ʿUmar's presence—he would have split my head. On the authority of Abū Salamah: I heard Abū Hurayrah say: We were not able to say "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said" until ʿUmar died. On the authority of al-Zuhrī, who said: ʿUmar said: Reduce your transmission from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ except for what is acted upon. He said: Then Abū Hurayrah would say: Would I have related these ḥadīths to you while ʿUmar was alive? By Allah, then I would have been certain that the whip would strike my back. For ʿUmar used to say: Occupy yourselves with the Qur’an, for the Qur’an is the word of Allah. This is why when he sent Abū Mūsā to Iraq, he said to him: You will come to a people who have in their mosques a humming with the Qur’an like the humming of bees. Leave them as they are, and do not distract them with ḥadīths, and I am your partner in that. This is well known from ʿUmar, ؓ. On the authority of Ibn ʿUmar, that he passed by Abū Hurayrah while he was relating from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: "Whoever follows a funeral and prays over it will have a qīrāṭ, and if he witnesses its burial he will have two qīrāṭs; the qīrāṭ is greater than Uḥud." Ibn ʿUmar said to him: Abū Hirr, look at what you relate from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Abū Hurayrah stood up to him and took him to ʿĀʾishah and said to her: O Mother of the Believers, I adjure you by Allah, did you hear the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Whoever follows a funeral and prays over it will have a qīrāṭ, and if he witnesses its burial he will have two qīrāṭs"? She said: By Allah, yes. Abū Hurayrah said: Planting of palm shoots and trading in the markets did not distract me from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I sought from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ only a word he would teach me or a morsel he would feed me. Ibn ʿUmar said to him: You, O Abū Hirr, were the most constant of us in attendance upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the most knowledgeable of us of his ḥadīth. Al-Wāqidī said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Nāfiʿ narrated to me from his father, who said: I was with Ibn ʿUmar at the funeral of Abū Hurayrah, walking in front of the bier and uttering many prayers for mercy upon him, and saying: He was one of those who preserved the ḥadīth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for the Muslims. It has been narrated that ʿĀʾishah interpreted many ḥadīths of Abū Hurayrah and declared him mistaken in some of them. In the Ṣaḥīḥ it is recorded that she criticized him for pouring out ḥadīth, that is, for narrating too many in a single hour. On the authority of Saʿīd, that ʿĀʾishah said to Abū Hurayrah: You have narrated many ḥadīths from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, O Abū Hurayrah. He said: By Allah, the kohl-stick and dye did not distract me from him, but I see that those things distracted you from what I have narrated in abundance. She said: Perhaps. On the authority of Abū Rāfiʿ, that a man of Quraysh came to Abū Hurayrah in a fine cloak, swaggering in it, and said: O Abū Hurayrah, you narrate many ḥadīths from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Did you hear him say anything about this cloak of mine? He said: By Allah, you people annoy us. Were it not for what Allah took upon the People of the Book—that they should make it clear to people and not conceal it—I would not have related anything to you. I heard Abū al-Qāsim ﷺ say: "A man among those who were before you, while he was swaggering in a fine cloak, Allah caused the earth to swallow him, and he will keep sinking in it until the Hour rises." By Allah, I do not know—perhaps he was of your people, or of your clan. This doubt is from Abū Yaʿlā. And from al-Walīd b. Rabāḥ, who said: I heard Abū Hurayrah saying to Marwān: By God, you are not the governor, and the governor is someone other than you, so leave it alone – meaning when they wanted to bury al-Ḥasan with the Messenger of God ﷺ – but you interfere in what does not concern you. By this you only seek to please one who is absent from you, meaning Muʿāwiyah. He said: Marwān turned to him angrily and said: O Abū Hurayrah, the people have said that you have related too many traditions from the Messenger of God ﷺ, and you arrived only a little before the death of the Prophet ﷺ. Abū Hurayrah replied: Yes, by God, I arrived while the Messenger of God ﷺ was at Khaybar in the year seven, and I was then already more than thirty years old by some years. I stayed with him until he died, going around with him among the houses of his wives and serving him. By God, I was then a poor man, yet I prayed behind him, went on raids and performed the ḥajj with him. By God, I was the most knowledgeable of the people of his traditions. By God, a group of people from Quraysh and the Anṣār had preceded me in his companionship and the Hijrah, and they knew of my constant attendance upon him, so they would ask me about his traditions. Among them were ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, Ṭalḥah and al-Zubayr. And by God, not one event that occurred in Madinah was hidden from me, nor anyone who loved God and His Messenger, nor anyone who had standing with the Messenger of God ﷺ, nor any companion of his. Abū Bakr was his companion in the cave, while another man the Messenger of God ﷺ expelled from Madinah, refusing to let him dwell alongside him – alluding to Abū Marwān, al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ. Then Abū Hurayrah said: Let Abū ʿAbd al-Malik ask me about this and its like, for he will find with me abundant knowledge and speech about it. He said: And by God, after that Marwān continued to fall short before Abū Hurayrah, to be wary of him, to fear him, and to fear his retorts. In another narration, Abū Hurayrah said to Marwān: I embraced Islam and made Hijrah by choice and willingly, and I loved the Messenger of God ﷺ with intense love. But you are the people of the abode and the place of the call: you expelled the caller from his land, harmed him and his companions, and your acceptance of Islam was delayed until a time that was hateful to you. So Marwān regretted his words to him and became wary of him. And from ʿUthmān b. ʿUrwah, from his father – that is, ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām – who said: My father al-Zubayr said to me: Bring me near this Yamānī – meaning Abū Hurayrah – for he relates many traditions from the Messenger of God ﷺ. He said: So I brought him near to him, and Abū Hurayrah began narrating, while al-Zubayr kept saying: He spoke truthfully; he erred; he spoke truthfully; he erred. He said: I said: O father, what is this saying of yours, “He spoke truthfully; he erred”? He said: O my son, that he heard these traditions from the Messenger of God ﷺ I do not doubt, but some of them he placed in their proper contexts, and some of them he placed in contexts other than their own. And from Abū Anas b. Abī ʿĀmir, who said: I was with Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh when a man entered and said: O Abū Muḥammad, by God, we do not know whether this Yamānī is more knowledgeable about the Messenger of God ﷺ than you all, or whether he attributes to the Messenger of God ﷺ what he did not say. Ṭalḥah said: By God, we do not doubt that he heard from the Messenger of God ﷺ what we did not hear, and knew what we did not know. We were wealthy men with houses and families, and we would come to the Messenger of God ﷺ at the two ends of the day and then return. But he was a poor man with no wealth and no family, and his hand was always with the hand of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he went around with him wherever he went. So we do not doubt that he knew what we did not know and heard what we did not hear. And from Ashʿath b. Sulaym, from his father, who said: I heard Abū Ayyūb narrating from Abū Hurayrah, and it was said to him: You are a companion of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and yet you narrate from Abū Hurayrah? He said: Abū Hurayrah heard what we did not hear, and that I narrate from him is dearer to me than that I narrate from the Messenger of God ﷺ – meaning what I did not hear directly from him. And from Bukayr b. al-Ashajj, who said: Busr b. Saʿīd said to us: Fear God and be cautious with ḥadīth. For by God, I have seen us sitting with Abū Hurayrah while he would narrate from the Messenger of God ﷺ and also narrate to us from Kaʿb al-Aḥbār. Then he would get up, and I would hear some of those who were with us making the ḥadīth of the Messenger of God ﷺ into that of Kaʿb, and the ḥadīth of Kaʿb into that of the Messenger of God ﷺ. In another version: he would make what Kaʿb said into a saying of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and what the Messenger of God ﷺ said into a saying of Kaʿb. So fear God and be cautious in ḥadīth. The Worship of Abū Hurayrah Abū Hurayrah, ؓ, was on a great side of truthfulness, memorization, piety, worship, asceticism, and righteous deeds. From Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, who said: Abū Hurayrah would stand in prayer for a third of the night, his wife for a third, and his daughter for a third. One would stand and then wake the other, then the other would wake yet another. In the two Ṣaḥīḥs it is reported from him that he said: My dear friend ﷺ enjoined upon me to fast three days of each month, to pray the two rakʿahs of Ḍuḥā, and to perform witr before sleeping. Ibn Jurayj said, from someone who narrated to him: Abū Hurayrah said: I divide the night into three parts: one part for reciting the Qurʾān, one part in which I sleep, and one part in which I recollect the traditions of the Messenger of God ﷺ. From Abū Ayyūb, who said: Abū Hurayrah had a place of prayer in his private chamber, a place of prayer in his house, a place of prayer in his room, and a place of prayer at the door of his dwelling. When he went out he prayed in all of them, and when he came in he prayed in all of them. ʿIkrimah said: Abū Hurayrah would glorify God twelve thousand times every day, and he would say: I glorify Him according to the amount of my blood-money. From Maymūn b. Abī Maysarah, who said: Abū Hurayrah had two cries every day. At the beginning of the day he would say: The night has gone, the day has come, and the family of Pharaoh have been presented to the Fire. And in the evening he would say: The day has gone, the night has come, and the family of Pharaoh have been presented to the Fire. No one heard his voice except that he sought refuge with God from the Fire. From Abū Hurayrah, who said: Do not ever envy a wicked man for a blessing, for behind him is a relentless pursuer; his pursuit is Jahannam: “Whenever it abates, We increase for them the blaze” [al-Isrāʾ: 97]. From Sulaym b. Ḥayyān, who said: I heard my father narrate from Abū Hurayrah, who said: I grew up an orphan, migrated as a poor man, and was a hired laborer for the daughter of Ghazwān for food for my stomach and the pace of my feet. I sang for them when they rode, and gathered firewood when they halted. Praise be to God who made the religion a support and made Abū Hurayrah an imam. From Abū Salamah, who said: Abū Hurayrah and Abū Dharr said: A chapter of knowledge that we learn is dearer to us than a thousand supererogatory rakʿahs, and a chapter that we teach – whether we act upon it or not – is dearer to us than a hundred supererogatory rakʿahs. And they both said: We heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: “When death comes to a seeker of knowledge while he is in this state, he dies as a martyr.” This is a strange ḥadīth from this chain. More than one narrator related from Abū Hurayrah that he used to seek refuge in his prostration from committing adultery, stealing, disbelieving, or committing a major sin. It was said to him: Do you fear that? He said: What can make me feel safe while Iblīs is alive and the Turner of hearts turns them however He wills? His daughter said to him: O father, the girls reproach me, saying: Why does your father not adorn you with gold? He said: O my little daughter, say to them: My father fears for me the heat of the flame. Abū Hurayrah said: I came to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb and stood while he was glorifying God after the prayer, so I waited for him. When he finished, I drew near to him and said: Teach me to recite some verses from the Book of God – though I wanted nothing but food. He said: So he taught me verses from Sūrat Āl ʿImrān. When he reached his family he entered and left me at the door and was slow to return, so I said to myself: He is taking off his clothes and then will order food for me. But I saw nothing. When it grew long upon me, I got up and walked away. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ met me and spoke to me, saying: “O Abū Hurayrah, the odor of your mouth tonight is intense.” I said: Yes, O Messenger of God, I have remained fasting and have not yet broken my fast, and I find nothing with which to break it. He said: “Come along.” So I went with him until he came to his house. He called a black slave girl of his and said: “Bring us that bowl.” She brought us a bowl containing a small amount of food, which I think was barley that had been eaten from, with a little remaining at its sides, and it was scant. I pronounced the name of God and began to follow it with my fingers, and I ate until I was full. From Abū Hurayrah, that he said: This refuse heap is the ruin of your worldly life and your hereafter – meaning desires and what they eat. Saʿīd b. Abī Hind said, from Abū Hurayrah, that the Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: “Will you not ask me for some of these spoils that your companions ask me for?” I said: I ask you to teach me some of what God has taught you. He said: So I took off a striped cloak that was on my back and spread it between me and him, until it was as if I could see lice crawling on it. He narrated to me until he had completed his speech, then he said: “Gather it to yourself and tie it up.” So I awoke and did not drop a single letter of what he had narrated to me. Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī said: I said to Abū Hurayrah: How do you fast? He said: I fast three days at the beginning of the month, so that if something happens to me, I have the reward of my month. From Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, that Abū Hurayrah was on a journey with a group of people. When they halted, they laid out the eating cloth and sent for him to eat with them. He said: I am fasting. When they had nearly finished eating, he came and began to eat. The people began looking at their messenger whom they had sent to him, and he said to them: I see you looking at me. By God, he told me that he was fasting. Abū Hurayrah said: He spoke the truth. I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: “Fasting the month of patience and fasting three days of each month is fasting for a lifetime.” I have already fasted three days from the beginning of the month, so I am one who breaks his fast in God's lightening and one who fasts in God's multiplication, mighty and glorious is He. From Abū Hurayrah, that when he and his companions fasted they would sit in the mosque, and they said: We purify our fast. From Farqad al-Sabakhī, who said: Abū Hurayrah would circumambulate the House while saying: Woe to me from my belly; if I fill it, it oppresses me, and if I starve it, it weakens me. ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad narrated from Abū Hurayrah that he had a thread with twelve thousand knots with which he would glorify God before sleeping. In another narration: two thousand knots, and he would not sleep until he glorified God with it. This is more sound than the former. When death came to him, he wept. It was said to him: What makes you weep? He said: I am not weeping over this world of yours, but I weep over the length of my journey and the paucity of my provisions. I have risen upon an ascent that descends to either Paradise or the Fire, and I do not know to which of them I will be taken. From Abū Hurayrah, who said: When you decorate your mosques and adorn your copies of the Qurʾān, then destruction is upon you. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated from Maʿmar, who said: It reached me from Abū Hurayrah that when he passed by a funeral he would say: Depart, for we are leaving early, or go early, for we are departing later. It is an eloquent admonition and a swift heedlessness. The first goes and the last remains, having no sense. From ʿAbd al-Muʾmin b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Sadūsī, who said: I heard Abū Yazīd al-Madanī say: Abū Hurayrah stood on the pulpit of the Messenger of God ﷺ one step below the station of the Messenger of God ﷺ and said: Woe to the Arabs from an evil that has drawn near; woe to them from the rule of boys, who judge among them by whims and kill in anger. From Abū Hurayrah, who said: I had fifteen dates. I broke my fast on five, ate the pre-dawn meal with five, and kept five for my breaking of the fast. From Abū al-Mutawakkil, that Abū Hurayrah and his family had a black slave girl who wearied them with her work. One day he raised a whip against her, then said: Were it not for retaliation on the Day of Resurrection, I would have struck you with it. But I shall sell you to one who will pay me your price when I am most in need of it. Go, for you are free for the sake of God, mighty and glorious is He. From Abū Salamah, that Abū Hurayrah fell ill. I entered to visit him and said: O God, heal Abū Hurayrah. He said: O God, do not return it. Then he said: O Abū Salamah, a time is about to come upon people when death will be dearer to one of them than red gold. ʿAṭāʾ narrated from Abū Hurayrah, who said: When you see six things, then if one of you holds his soul in his hand let him release it, for that is why I wish for death, fearing that it may overtake me: when fools are given command, judicial decisions are sold, blood is treated lightly, ties of kinship are severed, the police force becomes numerous, and a generation arises that takes the Qurʾān as musical instruments. From Yazīd b. Ziyād al-Quraẓī, that Thaʿlabah b. Abī Mālik al-Quraẓī narrated to him that Abū Hurayrah came through the market carrying a bundle of firewood – and he was then governor for Marwān b. al-Ḥakam – and said: Make way for the governor, O son of Abī Mālik. I said: May God have mercy on you, this is enough. He said: Make way for the governor, and the bundle was upon him. He had excellences, virtues, noble deeds, fine speech, and abundant admonitions. He embraced Islam, as we have mentioned, in the year of Khaybar. The Sending of Abū Hurayrah to al-Baḥrayn He kept close to the Messenger of God ﷺ and did not part from him except when he sent him with al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī to al-Baḥrayn, entrusting him to his care. Al-ʿAlāʾ made him a muezzin before him, and Abū Hurayrah said to him: Do not precede me in saying “Āmīn,” O governor. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb later appointed him over it during his rule, and he took an accounting from him along with all the other governors. From Ibn Sīrīn, that ʿUmar appointed Abū Hurayrah over al-Baḥrayn, and he arrived with ten thousand. ʿUmar said to him: Have you taken these funds exclusively for yourself, O enemy of God and enemy of His Book? Abū Hurayrah said: I am not an enemy of God nor an enemy of His Book, but I am an enemy of whoever is an enemy of them. ʿUmar said: Then where did these come from to you? He said: Horses that were bred, produce and slaves of mine, and grants that came to me in succession. They investigated and found him as he had said. Later, ʿUmar summoned him to appoint him again, but he refused to work for him. ʿUmar said to him: You dislike office, though one better than you sought it: Yūsuf ﷺ sought it. He said: Yūsuf was a prophet, son of a prophet, son of a prophet, son of a prophet, whereas I am Abū Hurayrah b. Umaymah, and I fear three and two. ʿUmar said: Why did you not say five? He said: I fear that I may speak without knowledge, judge without justice, or that my back may be beaten, my wealth seized, and my honor reviled. Another source mentioned that ʿUmar fined him twelve thousand for his first term of office, and that is why he refused the second time. The appointment of Abū Hurayrah as governor of Madinah by Muʿāwiyah From Muḥammad b. Ziyād, who said: Muʿāwiyah would send Abū Hurayrah to govern Madinah, and when he became angry with him he would dismiss him and appoint Marwān b. al-Ḥakam. When Abū Hurayrah came to Marwān, he [Marwān] prevented him from entering, so he dismissed Marwān and Abū Hurayrah returned. He said to his client: “Whoever comes to you, do not turn him away, but bar Marwān.” When Marwān came, the servant pushed him in the chest, and he did not enter except after great effort. When he entered, he said: “The servant barred us from you.” Abū Hurayrah said to him: “You are the most deserving of people not to be angry at that.” What is well known is that Marwān was the one who used to appoint Abū Hurayrah as his deputy over the governorship of Madinah, but that was only with Muʿāwiyah's permission in that matter. God knows best. From Abū Rāfiʿ: Marwān would sometimes appoint Abū Hurayrah as his deputy over Madinah, and he would ride a donkey and meet a man and say: “Make way, the amīr has come,” meaning himself. He would pass by children playing at night the game of the Bedouins, and they would not notice him until he threw himself among them and kicked with his feet as if he were insane, so the children would be startled by him and flee. Abū Rāfiʿ said: Sometimes Abū Hurayrah would invite me to his evening meal, and he would say: “Leave the ʿirāq for the amīr,” meaning the pieces of meat. He said: I would look, and behold it was bread soaked in broth with oil. Abū al-Zuʿayziʿah, the scribe of Marwān, said: Marwān sent Abū Hurayrah one hundred dinars, and the next day he sent to him: “I made a mistake; I did not intend them for you, but rather for someone else.” Abū Hurayrah said: “I have already given them away. When my stipend comes out, take it from it.” He had in fact given them as charity. Marwān only intended to test him. From Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab, who said: When Muʿāwiyah gave Abū Hurayrah, he was silent, and when he withheld from him, he spoke. More than one transmitted from Abū Hurayrah that a young man came to him and said: “O Abū Hurayrah, I woke up fasting, then I entered upon my father, and he brought me bread and meat, and I ate forgetfully.” He said: “A meal that God fed you; no blame upon you.” He said: “Then I entered a house of my family and milk of a milch camel was brought, and I drank it forgetfully.” He said: “No blame upon you.” He said: “Then I slept, and when I woke up I drank water” — and in another transmission: “and had intercourse forgetfully” — so Abū Hurayrah said: “You, O son of my brother, have not accustomed yourself to fasting.” The death of Abū Hurayrah More than one transmitted that when death came to him, he wept. It was said to him: “What makes you weep?” He said: “At the scantiness of provisions and the hardship of the desert crossing, and I am upon the steep descent; either to Paradise or to Fire, and I do not know to which of the two I shall come.” From Saʿīd b. Abī Saʿīd al-Maqburī, who said: Marwān entered upon Abū Hurayrah during the illness in which he died and said: “May God heal you, O Abū Hurayrah.” Abū Hurayrah said: “O God, I love meeting You, so love meeting me.” He said: Marwān had not reached the companions of the sandgrouse before Abū Hurayrah died. From ʿUmayr b. Hāniʾ, who said: Abū Hurayrah said: “O God, do not let me reach the year sixty.” He said: He died in it or a year before it. Thus said al-Wāqidī: that he died in the year fifty-nine at seventy-eight years of age. Al-Wāqidī said: He is the one who prayed over ʿĀʾishah in Ramadan and over Umm Salamah in Shawwāl in the year fifty-nine, then Abū Hurayrah died after the two of them in that year. Thus he said, but the correct view is that Umm Salamah remained after Abū Hurayrah. More than one said that he died in the year fifty-nine. It was said: fifty-eight — and it was said: fifty-seven — but the well-known [date] is fifty-nine. They said: Al-Walīd b. ʿUtbah b. Abī Sufyān, the governor of Madinah, prayed over him, and among the people were Ibn ʿUmar, Abū Saʿīd, and a multitude. That was at the time of the afternoon prayer. His death was in his house at al-ʿAqīq, and he was carried to Madinah, and he prayed over him, then he was buried in al-Baqīʿ. May God have mercy on him and be pleased with him. Al-Walīd b. ʿUtbah wrote to Muʿāwiyah about the death of Abū Hurayrah, and Muʿāwiyah wrote to him: “Look to his heirs and be good to them, and turn over to them ten thousand dirhams, and be good to their neighbors, and do them kindness, for he was among those who supported ʿUthmān and was with him in the house.” May God Almighty have mercy on him. ʿAbd Allāh b. Buḥaynah ʿAbd Allāh b. Mālik b. al-Qishb — his name is Jundab b. Naḍlah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Rāfiʿ al-Azdī, Abū Muḥammad, confederate of Banū al-Muṭṭalib, known as Ibn Buḥaynah, and she is his mother Buḥaynah bt. al-Aratt, whose name is al-Ḥārith b. al-Muṭṭalib b. ʿAbd Manāf. He embraced Islam early and accompanied the Messenger of God ﷺ. He was a devout worshipper, given to much fasting and night prayer, and he was among those who fasted perpetually all the time. Ibn Saʿd said: He used to alight at Baṭn Rīm, thirty miles from Madinah. He died during Marwān's governorship the second time, between the years fifty-four and fifty-eight. It is remarkable that Ibn al-Jawzī transmitted from the words of Muḥammad b. Saʿd, then mentioned his death in this year, meaning the year fifty-nine. God knows best. Qays b. Saʿd b. ʿUbādah Qays b. Saʿd b. ʿUbādah al-Anṣārī al-Khazrajī, a noble Companion like his father. He has a hadith in the two Ṣaḥīḥs — that is, standing for the funeral — and he has a hadith in the Musnad about fasting on ʿĀshūrāʾ, and the hadith of washing the Messenger of God ﷺ in their house, and other things. He served the Messenger of God ﷺ for ten years. It is established in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī from Anas, who said: Qays b. Saʿd was to the Prophet ﷺ in the position of the chief of the guard to the commander. He carried the banner of the Messenger of God ﷺ in some of the expeditions, and he appointed him over the alms. When the Messenger of God ﷺ sent Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ with three hundred of the Emigrants and Helpers, and the great hardship befell them, Qays b. Saʿd slaughtered for them nine camels, until they found that beast on the seashore, and they ate from it and stayed with it for a month until they grew fat. Qays was a obeyed master, generous, praised, and brave. ʿAlī appointed him as deputy over Egypt, and with his cunning, deception, and politics he opposed Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. Muʿāwiyah kept working against him until ʿAlī dismissed him from Egypt and appointed over it Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. Muʿāwiyah made light of him and kept at him until he took Egypt from him, as we mentioned earlier. Qays stayed with ʿAlī and witnessed with him Ṣiffīn and al-Nahrawān, and he remained with him until he was killed. Then he went to Madinah, and when the word was united upon Muʿāwiyah, he came to him to pledge allegiance, as his companions pledged allegiance. ʿAbd al-Razzāq said, from Ibn ʿUyaynah, who said: Qays b. Saʿd came to Muʿāwiyah to pledge allegiance as his companions had pledged. Muʿāwiyah said to him: “You too, Qays, join the bridle against me with those who have joined it? By God, I had wished that you would not come to this day except with one of my painful claws having seized you.” Qays said to him: “And I, by God, was reluctant to stand in this place and greet you with this greeting.” Muʿāwiyah said to him: “Why? Are you anything but a rabbi of the rabbis of the Jews?” Qays said to him: “And you, O Muʿāwiyah, were an idol of the idols of the Age of Ignorance; you entered Islam reluctantly and left it willingly.” Muʿāwiyah said: “O God, forgive. Stretch out your hand.” Qays b. Saʿd said to him: “If you wish, you may add and I may add.” Mūsā b. ʿUqbah said: An old woman said to Qays: “I complain to you of the scarcity of rats.” Qays said: “How excellent this metaphor! Fill her house with bread, meat, clarified butter, and dates.” Others said: He had a large bowl that was carried about wherever he moved, and a caller would call out for him: “Come to the meat and the tharīd.” His father and grandfather before him used to do as he did. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr said: Qays b. Saʿd sold land to Muʿāwiyah for ninety thousand, then he came to Madinah and his caller announced: “Whoever wants a loan, let him come.” He loaned fifty thousand of it and gave away the rest. Then he fell ill after that, and his visitors became few. He said to his wife Quraybah bt. Abī ʿAtīq, the sister of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq: “I see the fewness of my visitors in this illness of mine, and I consider that because of what I have against people in loans.” So he sent to every man to whom he had lent his written note and gave them what he had against them. It was said: He ordered his caller to announce: “Whoever has a debt owed to Qays b. Saʿd is released from it.” By evening the threshold of his door was broken from the multitude of visitors. He used to say: “O God, provide me with wealth and noble deeds, for noble deeds are not sound except with wealth.” Sufyān al-Thawrī said: A man borrowed thirty thousand from Qays b. Saʿd, and when he came to repay him, Qays said to him: “We are a people who, when we give someone something, do not take it back.” Al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said: Three men disagreed at the Kaʿbah about the most generous of the people of their time. One of them said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar. Another said: Qays b. Saʿd. The other said: ʿArābah al-Awsī. They argued about that until their clamor rose at the Kaʿbah. A man said to them: “Let each of you go to the man he claims is more generous than others, and see what he gives him, and let judgment be based on what is seen.” The companion of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar went to him and found that he had put his foot in the stirrup to go to one of his estates. He said to him: “O cousin of the Messenger of God, a wayfarer cut off from his journey.” He said: He took his foot out of the stirrup and said: “Put your foot and mount it, for it is yours with all that is on it, and take what is in the saddlebag, and do not be beguiled away from the sword, for it is one of the swords of ʿAlī.” He returned to his companions with a great she-camel, and in the saddlebag were four thousand dinars, cloaks of silk brocade, and other things, and the most noble of that was the sword of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ. The companion of Qays b. Saʿd went to him and found him sleeping. A slave girl said to him: “What is your need with him?” He said: “A wayfarer cut off from his journey.” She said: “Your need is easier than waking him. This is a purse containing seven hundred dinars; there is no other wealth in Qays's house today. Go to our master at the camel watering places and take for yourself a she-camel and a slave, and go well guided.” When Qays awoke from his sleep, the slave girl informed him of what she had done, and he freed her in gratitude for her deed, and said: “Why did you not wake me so that I might give him what would suffice him? Perhaps what you gave him does not meet his need.” The companion of ʿArābah al-Awsī went to him and found that he had come out of his house intending to pray, leaning on two slaves, his sight having failed. He said to him: “O ʿArābah.” He said: “Speak.” He said: “A wayfarer cut off from his journey.” He said: He let go of the two slaves, then clapped his right hand on his left, and said: “Oh, oh! By God, I have not risen in the morning nor come to evening while the rights [of others] have left anything of ʿArābah's wealth, but take the two of them,” meaning the two slaves. The man said: “I will not do that.” He said: “If you do not take them, they are free, so if you wish, free them, and if you wish, take them.” He went on feeling for the wall with his hand. He said: So he took the two and came with them. He said: The people judged that Ibn Jaʿfar had been generous with great wealth, and that was not deemed extraordinary for him, except that the sword was the noblest of it; and that Qays was one of the generous ones — his slave girl disposed of his wealth without his knowledge, and he approved of what she did and freed her, and the words he spoke. They unanimously agreed that the most generous of the three was ʿArābah al-Awsī, because it was the utmost effort of one of little means. Sufyān al-Thawrī said, from Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said: Saʿd b. ʿUbādah divided his wealth among his children and went to Syria, where he died. A child was born to him after his death, so Abū Bakr and ʿUmar came to Qays b. Saʿd and said: “Your father divided his wealth and did not know of this child, as it was still in the womb, so assign him a share with you.” Qays said: “I will not change what Saʿd did, but my share is his.” From Maʿbad b. Khālid, who said: Qays b. Saʿd would always be like this, raising his index finger — meaning, supplicating. From Qays b. Saʿd, who said: Were it not that I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: “Cunning and deception are in the Fire,” I would have been among the most cunning of this nation. Al-Zuhrī said: The cunning men of the Arabs when the strife arose were five: Muʿāwiyah, ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah, Qays b. Saʿd, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Budayl. The latter two were with ʿAlī, and al-Mughīrah was in seclusion in al-Ṭāʾif until the two arbiters ruled, then he went over to Muʿāwiyah. It was mentioned earlier that Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah had seized Egypt and expelled from it ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd b. Abī Sarḥ, the deputy of ʿUthmān after ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. ʿAlī confirmed him over it for a short time, then dismissed him and appointed Qays b. Saʿd. When Qays entered it, he conducted himself in it with good conduct and kept it under control, and that was in the year thirty-six. His affair weighed heavily upon Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, so they wrote to him to be with them against ʿAlī, but he refused, and he showed the people that he was sincerely advising them, so the news spread until it reached ʿAlī, who dismissed him and sent to Egypt al-Ashtar al-Nakhaʿī. Al-Ashtar died at al-Ramlah before reaching it, so ʿAlī sent Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr. His affair was light upon Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr, and they kept at it until they took the Egyptian lands from him. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr was killed and burned in the carcass of a donkey. Qays went to Madinah, then went to ʿAlī at al-Kūfah, and he was with him in his wars until ʿAlī was killed, then he was at the head of al-Ḥasan's vanguard. When al-Ḥasan pledged allegiance to Muʿāwiyah, that grieved Qays, and he refused to obey Muʿāwiyah. Then he journeyed to Madinah, then came to Muʿāwiyah in a delegation of the Anṣār, and he pledged allegiance to Muʿāwiyah after reproach and harsh words. Then Muʿāwiyah honored him, gave him precedence, and he enjoyed favor with him. While he was with the delegations at Muʿāwiyah's court, a letter came from the king of the Byzantines to Muʿāwiyah saying: “Send me the trousers of the tallest man of the Arabs.” Muʿāwiyah said to Qays: “I think we have need of your trousers.” Qays was extremely tall, such that none of the tallest men reached his chest. Qays rose and stepped aside, then took off his trousers and threw them to Muʿāwiyah. Muʿāwiyah said to him: “May God have mercy on you, I did not mean this. Why did you not go to your house and then send them to us?” Thereupon Qays began to recite: I intended by it that the people should know that it is the sirwāl of Qays, while the delegations are witnesses, And that they should not say that Qays was absent and that this is the sirwāl of an ʿĀdī which Thamūd fostered, And that I am indeed a chief of the Yemeni tribe, and people are none but a chief and one who is led. So scheme against them with one like me; verily one like me is harsh upon them, and my stature among men is excessive. My origin and my father have given me precedence among the people, and an arm by which I surpass men, extended. He said: Then Muʿāwiyah ordered the tallest man in the delegation, and he placed it over his nose, and it fell to the ground. In another narration: The king of the Byzantines sent to Muʿāwiyah two men from his army, claiming that one of them was the strongest of the Byzantines and the other the tallest of the Byzantines, and that if in your army there is anyone who surpasses them in the strength of this one and the height of that one, I will send you such-and-such captives and such-and-such gifts; and if there is not in your army anyone who resembles them, then make a truce with me for three years. When they came before Muʿāwiyah, he said, "Who will deal with this strong one?" They said, "None can handle him except one of two men: either Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah or ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr." So Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah was brought, and he is the son of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. When the people gathered before Muʿāwiyah, Muʿāwiyah said to him, "Do you know why I sent for you?" He said, "No." So he mentioned to him the matter of the Byzantine and the severity of his strength. Then he said to him, "What do you want?" He said, "You sit for me or I sit for you, and you give me your hand or I give you my hand; whichever of us is able to move the other from his place overcomes him, otherwise he is overcome." So he said to him, "What do you want? You sit or I sit?" The Byzantine said to him, "Rather, you sit." So Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah sat down and gave the Byzantine his hand. The Byzantine strove with all the strength he could muster to remove him from his place or to move him so as to make him stand, but he was unable to do that, and he found no way to it. At that, he overcame the Byzantine, and it became clear to those with him among the delegations from the lands of the Byzantines that he had prevailed. Then Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah stood up and said to the Byzantine, "Sit for me." So he sat down and gave Muḥammad his hand. It was not long before he made him stand quickly, raised him into the air, then threw him to the ground. Muʿāwiyah was greatly delighted by that. Then Qays b. Saʿd arose, withdrew from the people, took off his sirwāl, and gave it to that tall Byzantine, who put it on; it reached up to his nipples while its ends dragged on the ground. The Byzantines acknowledged defeat, and their king sent what he had obligated himself to give to Muʿāwiyah. The Anṣār reproached Qays b. Saʿd for taking off his sirwāl in the presence of the people, and he recited the preceding poetry in apology to them, and so that it would be a more binding proof that would be established against the Byzantines and more decisive against what they attempted. From ʿAmr b. Dīnār, who said: Qays b. Saʿd was a huge, bulky man with a small head, having a beard on his chin; when he rode a donkey, his feet would drag on the ground. Al-Wāqidī, Khalīfah b. Khayyāṭ, and others said: He died in Madinah at the end of the caliphate of Muʿāwiyah. Ibn al-Jawzī mentioned his death in this year, so we followed him in that. Maʿqil b. Yasār b. ʿAbd Allāh Maʿqil b. Yasār b. ʿAbd Allāh, Abū ʿAbd Allāh. It is also said: Abū ʿAlī, al-Muzanī: He accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, witnessed al-Ḥudaybiyyah, and lifted the branches of the tree from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day he took the pledge from its people. ʿUmar appointed him over al-Baṣrah, and he dug the canal named after him: Nahr Maʿqil, and built a house in al-Baṣrah and settled in it. From al-Ḥasan, who said: ʿUbayd Allāh b. Zinād entered upon Maʿqil b. Yasār during the illness in which he died and said, "I shall relate to you a ḥadīth I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: 'Whoever Allah appoints as a shepherd over a flock and he does not surround it with sincere counsel will not find the scent of Paradise, and its scent is found from a distance of a hundred years' journey.'" Ibn Ziyād said, "Would that you had told me before today!" Maʿqil said, "Today, even if I were not in this condition of mine, I would not have related it to you." Hind bt. Abī Umayyah Hind bt. Abī Umayyah, whose name was Suhayl, and she is Umm Salamah: She was married to Abū Salamah and emigrated with him to Abyssinia and bore him children. He died leaving her, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married her in the year four of the Hijrah. She died in this year, Abū Hurayrah prayed over her, and she was buried in al-Baqīʿ. She was eighty-four years old on the day she died. Abū Maḥdhūrah al-Jumaḥī In this year Abū Maḥdhūrah al-Jumaḥī, the muʾadhdhin of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Makkah, died. He continued to call the adhān there until he died, and his descendants after him. It is also said that he died in the year sixty-nine.

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