Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2143

The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān

مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ وَفَاةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ  ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. هو الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ   أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، سِبْطُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ابْنُ ابْنَتِهِ فَاطِمَةُ الزَّهْرَاءُ وَرَيْحَانَتُهُ، وَأَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فِي وَجْهِهِ  ، وُلِدَ لِلنِّصْفِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، فَحَنَّكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرِيقِهِ، وَسَمَّاهُ حَسَنًا، وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحِبُّهُ حُبًّا شَدِيدًا حَتَّى كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ زَبِيبَتَهُ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ، وَرُبَّمَا مَصَّ لِسَانَهُ وَاعْتَنَقَهُ وَدَاعَبَهُ، وَرُبَّمَا جَاءَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَاجِدٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَيَرْكَبُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ، فَيُقِرُّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَيُطِيلُ السُّجُودَ مِنْ أَجْلِهِ، وَرُبَّمَا صَعِدَ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْمِنْبَرِ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، بَيْنَمَا هُوَ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ رَأَى الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ مُقْبِلِينِ، فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا فَاحْتَضَنَهُمَا، وَأَخَذَهُمَا مَعَهُ إِلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَقَالَ: " صَدَقَ اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ هَذَيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ، فَلَمْ أَمْلِكْ أَنْ نَزَلْتُ إِلَيْهِمَا ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنَّكُمْ لِمَنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنَّكُمْ لَتُبَخِّلُونَ وَتُجَبِّنُونَ ". شبه الحسن بن علي بالنبي ﷺ وحبه له وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ " بسنده عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَلَّى بِهِمُ الْعَصْرَ - بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَيَالٍ - ثُمَّ خَرَجَ هُوَ وَعَلِيٌّ يَمْشِيَانِ، فَرَأَى الْحَسَنَ يَلْعَبُ مَعَ الْغِلْمَانِ فَاحْتَمَلَهُ عَلَى عُنُقِهِ، وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: بِأَبِي بِأَبِي شِبْهُ النَّبِيِّ، لَيْسَ شَبِيهًا بِعَلِيٍّ. قَالَ: وَعَلِيٌّ يَضْحَكُ. وقال إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جُحَيْفَةَ يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ يُشْبِهُهُ. وعَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ تَنْقُزُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ، وَتَقُولُ: يَا بِأَبِي شِبْهُ النَّبِيِّ لَيْسَ شَبِيهًا بِعَلِيِّ وعَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: الْحَسَنُ أَشْبَهُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا بَيْنَ الصَّدْرِ إِلَى الرَّأْسِ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ أَشْبَهُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَسْفَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وعَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَأْخُذُنِي فَيُقْعِدُنِي عَلَى فَخِذِهِ، وَيَقْعُدُ الْحَسَنَ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ الْأُخْرَى، ثُمَّ يَضُمُّنَا ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: " اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْهُمَا فَإِنِّي أَرْحَمُهُمَا ". وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُمَا فَأَحِبَّهُمَا ". وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ، وَأُحِبَّ مَنْ يُحِبُّهُ ". وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي سُوقٍ مِنْ أَسْوَاقِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَانْصَرَفَ وَانْصَرَفْتُ مَعَهُ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى فِنَاءِ فَاطِمَةَ، فَنَادَى الْحَسَنَ فَقَالَ: " أَيْ لُكَعُ، أَيْ لُكَعُ، أَيْ لُكَعُ ". فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ فَانْصَرَفَ وَانْصَرَفْتُ مَعَهُ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى فِنَاءِ عَائِشَةَ فَقَعَدَ. قَالَ: فَجَاءَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ظَنَنَّا أَنَّ أُمَّهُ حَبَسَتْهُ لِتَجْعَلَ فِي عُنُقِهِ السِّخَابَ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْتَزَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالْتَزَمَ هُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ، وَأَحِبَّ مَنْ يُحِبُّهُ ". ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " مَنْ أَحَبَّ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ فَقَدْ أَحَبَّنِي  ، وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَهُمَا فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي " وَقَدْ وَرَدَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أُمَّيِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اشْتَمَلَ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ وَأُمِّهِمَا وَأَبِيهِمَا، فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي فَأَذْهِبْ عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْسَ وَطَهِّرْهُمْ تَطْهِيرًا ". وعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى سَيِّدِ شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ   ". وعَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَالَ جَاءَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ يَسْعَيَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَاءَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ، فَجَعَلَ يَدَهُ فِي رَقَبَتِهِ، ثُمَّ ضَمَّهُ إِلَى إِبِطِهِ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْآخَرُ فَجَعَلَ يَدَهُ الْأُخْرَى فِي رَقَبَتِهِ، ثُمَّ ضَمَّهُ إِلَى إِبِطِهِ، ثُمَّ قَبَّلَ هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَبَّلَ هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُمَا فَأَحِبَّهُمَا ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ الْوَلَدَ مَبْخَلَةٌ مَجْبَنَةٌ مَجْهَلَةٌ ". وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى بِهِمْ إِحْدَى صَلَاتَيِ الْعَشِيِّ، فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَةً أَطَالَ فِيهَا السُّجُودَ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَالَ النَّاسُ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: " إِنَّ ابْنِي - يَعْنِي الْحَسَنَ - ارْتَحَلَنِي فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُعَجِّلَهُ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ حَاجَتَهُ ". وَرَوَى أَحْمَدُ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " إِنَّ ابْنِي هَذَا سَيِّدٌ، وَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُصْلِحَ بِهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ عَظِيمَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ". حب الصحابة للحسن بن علي وَقَدْ كَانَ الصِّدِّيقُ يُجِلُّهُ وَيُعَظِّمُهُ وَيُكْرِمُهُ وَيُحِبُّهُ وَيَتَفَدَّاهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ; فَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنْ عُمَرَ لَمَّا عَمِلَ الدِّيوَانَ فَرَضَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ مَعَ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فِي خَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ. وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ يُكْرِمُ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ وَيُحِبُّهُمَا. وَقَدْ كَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ يَوْمَ الدَّارِ - وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ مَحْصُورٌ - عِنْدَهُ وَمَعَهُ السَّيْفُ مُتَقَلِّدًا بِهِ يُجَاحِفُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، فَخَشِيَ عُثْمَانُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَقْسَمَ عَلَيْهِ لَيَرْجِعَنَّ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِمْ تَطْيِيبًا لِقَلْبِ عَلِيٍّ وَخَوْفًا عَلَيْهِ، ؓ. وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ يُكْرِمُ الْحَسَنَ إِكْرَامًا زَائِدًا، وَيُعَظِّمُهُ وَيُبَجِّلُهُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ لَهُ يَوْمًا: يَا بُنَيَّ، أَلَا تَخْطُبُ حَتَّى أَسْمَعَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَسْتَحِي أَنْ أَخْطُبَ وَأَنَا أَرَاكَ. فَذَهَبَ عَلِيٌّ فَجَلَسَ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَاهُ الْحَسَنَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ الْحَسَنُ فِي النَّاسِ خَطِيبًا وَعَلِيٌّ يَسْمَعُ، فَأَدَّى خُطْبَةً بَلِيغَةً فَصِيحَةً، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ جَعَلَ عَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ: ذُرِّيَّةً بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 34 ]. وَقَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَأْخُذُ الرِّكَابَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ إِذَا رَكِبَا، وَيَرَى هَذَا مِنْ نِعَمِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ. وَكَانَا إِذَا طَافَا بِالْبَيْتِ يَكَادُ النَّاسُ يُحَطِّمُونَهُمَا مِمَّا يَزْدَحِمُونَ عَلَيْهِمَا لِلسَّلَامِ عَلَيْهِمَا، ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُمَا. وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا قَامَتِ النِّسَاءُ عَنْ مِثْلِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ. عبادة الحسن بن علي وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ إِذَا صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَجْلِسُ فِي مُصَلَّاهُ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ حَتَّى تَرْتَفِعَ الشَّمْسُ  ، وَيَجْلِسُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ يَجْلِسُ مِنْ سَادَاتِ النَّاسِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ عِنْدَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَدْخُلُ عَلَى أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَيُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ. وَرُبَّمَا أَتْحَفْنَهُ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ. وَلَمَّا نَزَلَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْخِلَافَةِ مِنْ وَرَعِهِ صِيَانَةً لِدِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ جَائِزَةٌ، وَكَانَ يَفِدُ إِلَيْهِ، فَرُبَّمَا أَجَازَهُ بِأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَرَاتِبُهُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، فَانْقَطَعَ سَنَةً عَنِ الذَّهَابِ، وَجَاءَ وَقْتُ الْجَائِزَةِ، فَاحْتَاجَ الْحَسَنُ إِلَيْهَا - وَكَانَ مِنْ أَكْرَمِ النَّاسِ - فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ لِيَبْعَثَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا نَامَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَنَامِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " يَا بُنَيَّ، أَتَكْتُبُ إِلَى مَخْلُوقٍ بِحَاجَتِكَ ؟ ! " وَعَلَّمَهُ دُعَاءً يَدْعُو بِهِ، فَتَرَكَ الْحَسَنُ مَا كَانَ هَمَّ بِهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابَةِ، فَذَكَرَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَافْتَقَدَهُ، وَقَالَ: ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ بِمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ، فَلَعَلَّ لَهُ ضَرُورَةً فِي تَرْكِهِ الْقُدُومَ عَلَيْنَا. فَحُمِلَتْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُؤَالٍ. قَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ مَدَنِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ. حَكَاهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي " تَارِيخِهِ ". قَالُوا: وَقَاسَمَ اللَّهَ مَالَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَخَرَجَ مِنْ مَالِهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَحَجَّ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ مَرَّةً مَاشِيًا  وَإِنَّ الْجَنَائِبَ لَتُقَادُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحْيِي مِنْ رَبِّي، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، أَنْ أَلْقَاهُ وَلَمْ أَمْشِ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ. فَمَشَى عِشْرِينَ مَرَّةً مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ. قَالُوا: وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي بَعْضِ خُطَبِهِ سُورَةَ " إِبْرَاهِيمَ ". وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ سُورَةَ " الْكَهْفِ " قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنَامَ، يَقْرَؤُهَا مِنْ لَوْحٍ يَدُورُ مَعَهُ حَيْثُ كَانَ مِنْ بُيُوتِ نِسَائِهِ، فَيَقْرَؤُهُ بَعْدَ مَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْفِرَاشِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنَامَ، ؓ. كرم الحسن بن علي وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَرَمِ عَلَى جَانِبٍ عَظِيمٍ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ: رُبَّمَا أَجَازَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرَّجُلَ الْوَاحِدَ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: سَمِعَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ رَجُلًا يَدْعُو اللَّهُ أَنْ يُمَلِّكَهُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَقَامَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ رَأَى غُلَامًا أَسْوَدَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ رَغِيفٍ لُقْمَةً، وَيُطْعِمُ كَلْبًا هُنَاكَ لُقْمَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى هَذَا ؟ ! فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَسْتَحِي مِنْهُ أَنْ آكُلَ وَلَا أُطْعِمَهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ: لَا تَبْرَحْ مِنْ مَكَانِكَ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ. فَذَهَبَ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ، فَاشْتَرَاهُ وَاشْتَرَى الْحَائِطَ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ، فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَمَلَّكَهُ الْحَائِطَ، فَقَالَ الْغُلَامُ: يَا مَوْلَايَ، قَدْ وَهَبْتُ الْحَائِطَ لِلَّذِي وَهَبَتْنِي لَهُ. زواج الحسن بن علي قَالُوا: وَكَانَ كَثِيرَ التَّزَوُّجِ، وَكَانَ لَا يُفَارِقُهُ أَرْبَعُ حَرَائِرَ، وَكَانَ مِطْلَاقًا مِصْدَاقًا. يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ أَحْصَنَ بِسَبْعِينَ امْرَأَةً. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدَةً مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ وَأُخْرَى فَزَارِيَّةً، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ وَبِزُقَاقٍ مِنْ عَسَلٍ، وَقَالَ لِلْغُلَامِ: اسْمَعْ مَا تَقُولُ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا. فَأَمَّا الْفَزَارِيَّةُ فَقَالَتْ: جَزَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا. وَدَعَتْ لَهُ، وَأَمَّا الْأَسَدِيَّةُ فَقَالَتْ : مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ حَبِيبٍ مُفَارِقِ فَرَجَعَ الْغُلَامُ إِلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ، فَارْتَجَعَ الْأَسْدِيَةَ وَتَرَكَ الْفَزَارِيَّةَ. وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ لِأَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ: لَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِطْلَاقٌ. فَيَقُولُونَ: وَاللَّهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوْ خَطَبَ إِلَيْنَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ لَزَوَّجَنَاهُ مِنَّا مَنْ شَاءَ ابْتِغَاءً فِي صِهْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ نَامَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ مَنْظُورٍ الْفَزَارِيِّ - وَقِيلَ: هِنْدَ بِنْتِ سُهَيْلٍ - فَوْقَ إِجَّارٍ، فَعَمَدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَرَبَطَتْ رِجْلَهُ بِخِمَارِهَا إِلَى خَلْخَالِهَا، فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَظَ قَالَ لَهَا: مَا هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَتْ: خِفْتُ أَنْ تَقُومَ مِنْ وَسَنِ النَّومِ فَتَسْقُطَ، فَأَكُونُ أَشْأَمَ سَخْلَةٍ عَلَى الْعَرَبِ. فَأَعْجَبَهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا، وَاسْتَمَرَّ بِهَا سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَاسْتَعَانَ بِهِ فِي حَاجَةٍ، فَوَجَدَهُ مُعْتَكِفًا، فَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ فَاسْتَعَانَ بِهِ، فَقَضَى حَاجَتَهُ وَقَالَ: لَقَضَاءُ حَاجَةِ أَخٍ لِي فِي اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنِ اعْتِكَافِ شَهْرٍ  . وعَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ لَا يَدْعُو إِلَى طَعَامِهِ أَحَدًا ; يَقُولُ: هُوَ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنْ يُدْعَى إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: تَزَوَّجَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ امْرَأَةً، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا بِمِائَةِ جَارِيَةٍ، مَعَ كُلِّ جَارِيَةٍ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ. وَقَالَ جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ الْحَسَنُ بَكَى عَلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ فِي جِنَازَتِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ: أَتَبْكِيهِ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ تُجَرِّعُهُ مَا تُجَرِّعُهُ ؟ ! فَقَالَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَحْلَمَ مِنْ هَذَا. وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ. وعَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: مَا تَكَلَّمَ عِنْدِي أَحَدٌ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ أَلَّا يَسْكُتَ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ كَلِمَةَ فُحْشٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا مَرَّةً ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَبَيْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ خُصُومَةٌ، فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: لَيْسَ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا إِلَّا مَا رَغِمَ أَنْفُهُ. فَهَذِهِ أَشَدُّ كَلِمَةِ فُحِشٍ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْهُ قَطُّ. وقِيلَ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: إِنَّ أَبَا ذَرٍّ يَقُولُ: الْفَقْرُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْغِنَى، وَالسَّقَمُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ. فَقَالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ، أَمَّا أَنَا فَأَقُولُ: مَنِ اتَّكَلَ عَلَى حُسْنِ اخْتِيَارِ اللَّهِ لَهُ لَمْ يَتَمَنَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَالَةِ الَّتِي اخْتَارَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، وَهَذَا حَدُّ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى الرِّضَا بِمَا تَصَرَّفَ بِهِ الْقَضَاءُ  . وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ الْأَصَمُّ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنِّي أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ أَخٍ لِي كَانَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ النَّاسِ فِي عَيْنِي، وَكَانَ عَظِيمَ مَا عَظَّمَهُ فِي عَيْنِي صِغَرُ الدُّنْيَا فِي عَيْنِهِ، كَانَ خَارِجًا مِنْ سُلْطَانِ بَطْنِهِ، فَلَا يَشْتَهِي مَا لَا يَجِدُ، وَلَا يُكْثِرُ إِذَا وَجَدَ، وَكَانَ خَارِجًا مِنْ سُلْطَانِ فَرْجِهِ، فَلَا يَسْتَخِفُّ لَهُ عَقْلُهُ وَلَا رَأْيُهُ، وَكَانَ خَارِجًا مِنْ سُلْطَانِ الْجَهَلَةِ، فَلَا يَمُدُّ يَدًا إِلَّا عَلَى ثِقَةِ الْمَنْفَعَةِ، كَانَ لَا يَسْخَطُ وَلَا يَتَبَرَّمُ، كَانَ إِذَا جَامَعَ الْعُلَمَاءَ يَكُونُ عَلَى أَنْ يَسْمَعَ أَحْرَصَ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا غُلِبَ عَلَى الْكَلَامِ لَمْ يُغْلَبْ عَلَى الصَّمْتِ، كَانَ أَكْثَرَ دَهْرِهِ صَامِتًا، فَإِذَا قَالَ بَذَّ الْقَائِلِينَ، وَكَانَ لَا يُشَارِكُ فِي دَعْوَى، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ فِي مِرَاءٍ، وَلَا يُدْلِي بِحُجَّةٍ حَتَّى يَرَى قَاضِيًا، يَقُولُ مَا يَفْعَلُ، وَيَفْعَلُ مَا لَا يَقُولُ تَفَضُّلًا وَتَكَرُّمًا، كَانَ لَا يَغْفُلُ عَنْ إِخْوَانِهِ، وَلَا يَسْتَخِصُّ بِشَيْءٍ دُونَهُمْ، كَانَ لَا يَلُومُ أَحَدًا فِيمَا يَقَعُ الْعُذْرُ بِمِثْلِهِ، كَانَ إِذَا ابْتَدَأَهُ أَمْرَانِ لَا يَرَى أَيُّهُمَا أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، نَظَرَ فِيمَا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى هَوَاهُ فَخَالَفَهُ. وعَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ، أَنْ عَلِيًّا سَأَلَ ابْنَهُ - يَعْنِي الْحَسَنَ - عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْمُرُوءَةِ، فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، مَا السَّدَادُ ؟ قَالَ: يَا أَبَةِ، السَّدَادُ دَفْعُ الْمُنْكَرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الشَّرَفُ ؟ قَالَ: اصْطِنَاعُ الْعَشِيرَةِ وَحَمْلُ الْجَرِيرَةِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْمُرُوءَةُ ؟ قَالَ: الْعَفَافُ وَإِصْلَاحُ الْمَرْءِ مَالَهُ. قَالَ: فَمَا الدِّقَّةُ ؟ قَالَ: النَّظَرُ فِي الْيَسِيرِ وَمَنْعُ الْحَقِيرِ. قَالَ: فَمَا اللُّؤْمُ ؟ قَالَ: إِحْرَازُ الْمَرْءِ نَفْسَهُ وَبَذْلُهُ عِرْسَهُ. قَالَ: فَمَا السَّمَاحَةُ ؟ قَالَ: الْبَذْلُ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الشُّحُّ ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ تَرَى مَا فِي يَدَيْكَ شَرَفًا وَمَا أَنْفَقْتَهُ تَلَفًا. قَالَ: فَمَا الْإِخَاءُ ؟ قَالَ: الْوَفَاءُ فِي الشِّدَّةِ وَالرَّخَاءِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْجُبْنُ ؟ قَالَ: الْجُرْأَةُ عَلَى الصَّدِيقِ وَالنُّكُولُ عَنِ الْعَدُوِّ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ ؟ قَالَ: الرَّغْبَةُ فِي التَّقْوَى، وَالزَّهَادَةُ فِي الدُّنْيَا هِيَ الْغَنِيمَةُ الْبَارِدَةُ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْحِلْمُ ؟ قَالَ: كَظْمُ الْغَيْظِ وَمَلْكُ النَّفْسِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْغِنَى ؟ قَالَ: رِضَا النَّفْسِ بِمَا قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لَهَا وَإِنْ قَلَّ، فَإِنَّمَا الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْسِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْفَقْرُ ؟ قَالَ: شَرَهُ النَّفْسِ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْمَنَعَةُ ؟ قَالَ: شِدَّةُ الْبَأْسِ وَمُقَارَعَةُ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الذُّلُّ ؟ قَالَ: الْفَزَعُ عِنْدَ الْمَصْدُوقَةِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْجُرْأَةُ ؟ قَالَ: مُوَافَقَةُ الْأَقْرَانِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْكُلْفَةُ ؟ قَالَ: كَلَامُكَ فِيمَا لَا يَعْنِيكَ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْمَجْدُ ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ تُعْطِي فِي الْغُرْمِ وَأَنْ تَعْفُوَ عَنِ الْجُرْمِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْعَقْلُ ؟ قَالَ: حِفْظُ الْقَلْبِ كُلَّ مَا اسْتَرْعَيْتَهُ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْخُرْقُ ؟ قَالَ: مُعَادَاتُكَ إِمَامَكَ وَرَفْعُكَ عَلَيْهِ كَلَامَكَ. قَالَ: فَمَا الثَّنَاءُ ؟ قَالَ: إِتْيَانُ الْجَمِيلِ وَتَرْكُ الْقَبِيحِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْحَزْمُ ؟ قَالَ: طُولُ الْأَنَاةِ، وَالرِّفْقُ بِالْوُلَاةِ، وَالِاحْتِرَاسُ مِنَ النَّاسِ بِسُوءِ الظَّنِّ، هُوَ الْحَزْمُ. قَالَ: فَمَا الشَّرَفُ ؟ قَالَ: مُوَافَقَةُ الْإِخْوَانِ، وَحِفْظُ الْجِيرَانِ. قَالَ: فَمَا السَّفَهُ ؟ قَالَ: اتِّبَاعُ الدُّنَاةِ، وَمُصَاحَبَةُ الْغُوَاةِ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْغَفْلَةُ ؟ قَالَ: تَرْكُكَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَطَاعَتُكَ الْمُفْسِدَ. قَالَ: فَمَا الْحِرْمَانُ ؟ قَالَ: تَرْكُكَ حَظَّكَ وَقَدْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْكَ. قَالَ: فَمَا السَّيِّدُ ؟ قَالَ: الْأَحْمَقُ فِي الْمَالِ، الْمُتَهَاوِنُ بِعِرْضِهِ ; يُشْتَمُ فَلَا يُجِيبُ، الْمُتَحَزِّنُ بِأَمْرِ الْعَشِيرَةِ، هُوَ السَّيِّدُ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: يَا بُنَيَّ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "لَا فَقْرَ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ، وَلَا مَالَ أَعْوَدُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ، وَلَا وَحْدَةَ أَوْحَشُ مِنَ الْعُجْبِ، وَلَا مُظَاهَرَةَ أَوْثَقُ مِنَ الْمُشَاوَرَةِ، وَلَا عَقْلَ كَالتَّدْبِيرِ، وَلَا حَسَبَ كَحُسْنِ الْخُلُقِ، وَلَا وَرَعَ كَالْكَفِّ، وَلَا عِبَادَةَ كَالتَّفَكُّرِ، وَلَا إِيمَانَ كَالْحَيَاءِ، وَرَأْسُ الْإِيمَانِ الصَّبْرُ، وَآفَةُ الْحَدِيثِ الْكَذِبُ، وَآفَةُ الْعِلْمِ النِّسْيَانُ، وَآفَةُ الْحِلْمِ السَّفَهُ، وَآفَةُ الْعِبَادَةِ الْفَتْرَةُ، وَآفَةُ الظَّرْفِ الصَّلَفُ، وَآفَةُ الشُّجَاعَةِ الْبَغْيُ، وَآفَةُ السَّمَاحَةِ الْمَنُّ، وَآفَةُ الْجَمَالِ الْخُيَلَاءُ، وَآفَةُ الْحُبِّ الْفَخْرُ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: يَا بُنَيَّ، لَا تَسْتَخِفَّنَّ بِرَجُلٍ تَرَاهُ أَبَدًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْبَرَ مِنْكَ فَعُدَّ أَنَّهُ أَبُوكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِثْلَكَ فَهُوَ أَخُوكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصْغَرَ مِنْكَ فَاحْسَبْ أَنَّهُ ابْنُكَ. فَهَذَا مَا سَاءَلَ عَلِيٌّ ابْنَهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْمُرُوءَةِ. قَالَ الْقَاضِي أَبُو الْفَرَجِ: فَفِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَجَزِيلِ الْفَائِدَةِ مَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ مَنْ رَاعَاهُ وَحَفِظَهُ وَوَعَاهُ، وَعَمِلَ بِهِ، وَأَدَّبَ نَفْسَهُ بِالْعَمَلِ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَّبَهَا بِالرُّجُوعِ إِلَيْهِ، وَتَتَوَفَّرُ فَائِدَتُهُ بِالْوُقُوفِ عِنْدَهُ، وَفِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَضْعَافَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا لَا غِنَى لِكُلِّ لَبِيبٍ عَلِيمٍ، وَمِدْرَهٍ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ حِفْظِهِ وَتَأَمُّلِهِ، وَالْمَسْعُودُ مَنْ هُدِيَ لِتَقَبُّلِهِ، وَالْمَجْدُودُ مِنْ وُفِّقَ لِامْتِثَالِهِ وَتَقَبُّلِهِ. قُلْتُ: وَلَكِنَّ إِسْنَادَ هَذَا الْأَثَرِ وَمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْفُوعِ ضَعِيفٌ، وَمِثْلُ هَذِهِ الْأَلْفَاظِ فِي عِبَارَتِهَا مَا يَدُلُّ مَا فِي بَعْضِهَا مِنَ النَّكَارَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ: كَانَ عَلَى خَاتَمِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَكْتُوبٌ: قَدِّمْ لِنَفْسِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنَ التُّقَى     إِنَّ الْمَنِيَّةَ نَازِلٌ بِكَ يَا فَتَى أَصْبَحْتَ ذَا فَرَحٍ كَأَنَّكَ لَا تَرَى     أَحْبَابَ قَلْبِكَ فِي الْمَقَابِرِ وَالْبِلَى وقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ لِبَنِيهِ وَبَنِي أَخِيهِ: تَعَلَّمُوا فَإِنَّكُمْ صِغَارُ قَوْمٍ الْيَوْمَ، وَتَكُونُونَ كِبَارَهُمْ غَدًا، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيَكْتُبْ. وعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْأَصَمِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الشِّيعَةَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا مَبْعُوثٌ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. قَالَ: كَذَبُوا وَاللَّهِ، مَا هَؤُلَاءِ بِالشِّيعَةِ، لَوْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ مَبْعُوثٌ مَا زَوَّجْنَا نِسَاءَهُ وَلَا اقْتَسَمْنَا مَالَهُ. تنازل الحسن عن الخلافة وعَنْ سَفِينَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: الْخِلَافَةُ مِنْ بَعْدِي ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً ". فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ كَانَ حَاضِرًا فِي الْمَجْلِسِ: قَدْ دَخَلَتْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِينَ سِتَّةُ شُهُورٍ فِي خِلَافَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ. فَقَالَ: مِنْ هَاهُنَا أُتِيتَ، تِلْكَ الشُّهُورَ كَانَتِ الْبَيْعَةُ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، بَايَعَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا أَوِ اثْنَانِ وَأَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا. وَقَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: بَايَعَ الْحَسَنَ تِسْعُونَ أَلْفًا، فَزَهِدَ  فِي الْخِلَافَةِ وَصَالَحَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَلَمْ يُسْفَكْ فِي أَيَّامِهِ مِحْجَمَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ. وعَنِ ابْنِ شَوْذَبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ سَارَ الْحَسَنُ فِي أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَسَارَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فَالْتَقَوْا، فَكَرِهَ الْحَسَنُ الْقِتَالَ، وَبَايَعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلَ الْعَهْدَ لِلْحَسَنِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ. قَالَ فَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ الْحَسَنِ يَقُولُونَ: يَا عَارَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ: الْعَارُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّارِ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: لَمَّا دَخَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ الْكُوفَةَ وَبَايَعَهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ مُعَاوِيَةَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ: مُرِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ ; فَإِنَّهُ حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ عَيِيٌ، فَلَعَلَّهُ يَتَلَعْثَمُ فَيَتَّضِعَ فِي قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ. فَأَمَرَهُ، فَقَامَ فَاخْتَطَبَ، فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، وَاللَّهِ لَوِ ابْتَغَيْتُمْ بَيْنَ جَابَلْقَ وَجَابَرْسَ رَجُلًا جَدُّهُ نَبِيٌّ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَ أَخِي لَمْ تَجِدُوهُ، وَإِنَّا قَدْ أَعْطَيْنَا بَيْعَتَنَا لِمُعَاوِيَةَ، وَرَأَيْنَا أَنَّ حَقْنَ دِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ إِهْرَاقِهَا، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ. وَأَشَارَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَغَضِبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: مَا أَرَدْتَ مِنْ هَذِهِ ؟ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ مِنْهَا مَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا. فَصَعِدَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَخَطَبَ بَعْدَهُ. وعَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ الْخِلَافَةَ. فَقَالَ: كَانَتْ جَمَاجِمُ الْعَرَبِ بِيَدِي، يُسَالِمُونَ مَنْ سَالَمْتُ وَيُحَارِبُونَ مَنْ حَارَبْتُ، فَتَرَكْتُهَا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ أُثِيرُهَا بِأَتْيَاسِ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ ؟ ! وعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ: دَخْلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمَدِينَةَ وَفِي يَدِهِ صَحِيفَةٌ، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَعِدُ فِيهَا وَيَتَوَعَّدُ. قَالَ: قَدْ كُنْتَ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: أَجَلْ، وَلَكِنْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَجِيءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا، أَوْ ثَمَانُونَ أَلْفًا، أَوْ أَكْثَرُ أَوْ أَقَلُّ، كُلُّهُمْ تَنْضَحُ أَوْدَاجُهُمْ دَمًا، كُلُّهُمْ يَسْتَعْدِي اللَّهَ فِيمَ هُرِيقَ دَمُهُ ؟. مرض ووفاة الحسن بن علي وعَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: رَأَى الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ فِي مَنَامِهِ أَنَّهُ مَكْتُوبٌ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ فَفَرَحِ بِذَلِكَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ رَأَى هَذِهِ الرُّؤْيَا فَقَلَّ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَجْلِهِ. قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَلْبَثِ الْحَسَنُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا حَتَّى مَاتَ. وعَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَقَامَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَخْرَجَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ لَفَظْتُ طَائِفَةً مِنْ كَبِدِي أُقَلِّبُهَا بِهَذَا الْعُودِ، وَلَقَدْ سُقِيتُ السُّمَّ مِرَارًا، وَمَا سُقِيتُ مَرَّةً هِيَ أَشَدُّ مِنْ هَذِهِ. قَالَ: وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ لِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ: سَلْنِي قَبْلَ أَنْ لَا تَسْأَلَنِي. فَقَالَ: مَا أَسْأَلُكَ شَيْئًا، يُعَافِيكَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْنَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، ثُمَّ عُدْنَا إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْغَدِ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ فِي السُّوقِ، فَجَاءَ حُسَيْنٌ حَتَّى قَعَدَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَيْ أَخِي، مَنْ صَاحِبُكَ ؟ قَالَ: تُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: لَئِنْ كَانَ صَاحِبَيِ الَّذِي أَظُنُّ، لَلَّهُ أَشَدُّ نِقْمَةً - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَاللَّهُ أَشَدُّ بَأْسًا وَأَشَدُّ تَنْكِيلًا - وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْهُ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَقْتُلَ بِي بَرِيئًا. وعَنْ أُمِّ بَكْرٍ بِنْتِ الْمِسْوَرِ قَالَتْ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ سُقِيَ مِرَارًا، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُفْلِتُ مِنْهُ، حَتَّى كَانَتِ الْمَرَّةُ الْآخِرَةُ الَّتِي مَاتَ فِيهَا، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْتَلِفُ كَبِدُهُ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَقَامَ نِسَاءُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ عَلَيْهِ النَّوْحَ شَهْرًا. وعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: حَدَّ نِسَاءُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ سَنَةً. وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ قَالَ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ كَثِيرَ نِكَاحِ النِّسَاءِ، وَكَانَ قَلَّ مَا يَحْظَيْنَ عِنْدَهُ، وَكَانَ قَلَّ امْرَأَةٌ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا إِلَّا أَحَبَّتْهُ وَصَبَتْ بِهِ، فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ سُقِيَ، ثُمَّ أَفْلَتَ، ثُمَّ سُقِيَ فَأَفْلَتَ، ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْآخِرَةُ تُوُفِّيَ فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ الطَّبِيبُ وَهُوَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَيْهِ: هَذَا رَجُلٌ قَدْ قَطَّعَ السُّمُّ أَمْعَاءَهُ. فَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبِرْنِي مَنْ سَقَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: وَلِمَ يَا أَخِي ؟ قَالَ: أَقْتُلُهُ وَاللَّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَدْفِنَكَ، أَوْ لَا أَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ يَكُونُ بِأَرْضٍ أَتَكَلَّفُ الشُّخُوصَ إِلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَخِي، إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَيَالٍ فَانِيَةٌ، دَعْهُ حَتَّى أَلْتَقِيَ أَنَا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ. وَأَبَى أَنْ يُسَمِّيَهُ. وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ مِنْ يَقُولُ: كَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ قَدْ تَلَطَّفَ لِبَعْضِ خَدَمِهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهُ سُمًّا. وعَنْ أُمِّ مُوسَى، أَنَّ جَعْدَةَ بِنْتَ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ سَقَتِ الْحَسَنَ السُّمَّ، فَاشْتَكَى مِنْهُ شَكَاةً. قَالَ: فَكَانَ يُوضَعُ تَحْتَهُ طَسْتٌ وَيُرْفَعُ آخَرُ نَحْوًا مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا. وَرَوَى بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بَعْثَ إِلَى جَعْدَةَ بِنْتِ الْأَشْعَثِ أَنْ سُمِّي الْحَسَنَ وَأَنَا أَتَزَوَّجُكِ بَعْدَهُ. فَفَعَلَتْ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ الْحَسَنُ بَعَثَتْ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ لَمْ نَرْضَكِ لِلْحَسَنِ أَفَنَرْضَاكِ لِأَنْفُسِنَا ؟ وَعِنْدِي أَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ، وَعَدَمُ صِحَّتِهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِطَرِيقِ الْأُولَى وَالْأَحْرَى، وَقَدْ قَالَ كُثَيِّرُ عَزَّةَ فِي ذَلِكَ: يَا جَعْدُ بَكِّيهِ وَلَا تَسْأَمِي     بُكَاءَ حَقٍّ لَيْسَ بِالْبَاطِلِ لَنْ تَسْتُرِي الْبَيْتَ عَلَى مَثَلِهِ     فِي النَّاسِ مِنْ حَافٍ وَلَا نَاعِلِ أَعْنَى الَّذِي أَسْلَمَهُ أَهْلُهُ     لِلزَّمَنِ الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ الْمَاحِلِ كَانَ إِذَا شَبَّتْ لَهُ نَارُهُ     يَرْفَعُهَا بِالنَّسَبِ الْمَاثِلِ كَيْمَا يَرَاهَا بَائِسٌ مُرْمِلٌ     أَوْ فَرْدُ قَوْمٍ لَيْسَ بِالْآهِلِ يُغْلِي بِنِيِّ اللَّحْمِ حَتَّى إِذَا     أُنْضِجَ لَمْ يَغْلُ عَلَى آكِلِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ رَقَبَةَ بْنِ مِصْقَلَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا حُضِرَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أَخْرِجُونِي إِلَى الصَّحْنِ حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ. فَأَخْرَجُوا فِرَاشَهُ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ، فَنَظَرَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ نَفْسِي عِنْدَكَ، فَإِنَّهَا أَعَزُّ الْأَنْفُسِ عَلَيَّ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَنَّهُ احْتَسَبَ نَفْسَهُ عِنْدَهُ. وقَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: لَمَّا اشْتَدَّ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَجَعُ جَزِعَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ، مَا هَذَا الْجَزَعُ ؟ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ تُفَارِقَ رُوحُكَ جَسَدَكَ فَتَقْدَمَ عَلَى أَبَوَيْكَ عَلِيٍّ وَفَاطِمَةَ، وَعَلَى جَدَّيْكَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَخَدِيجَةَ، وَعَلَى أَعْمَامِكَ حَمْزَةَ وَجَعْفَرٍ، وَعَلَى أَخْوَالِكَ الْقَاسِمِ وَالطَّيِّبِ وَمُطَهِّرٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلَى خَالَاتِكَ رُقَيَّةَ وَأُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ وَزَيْنَبَ. قَالَ: فَسُرِّيَ عَنْهُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّ الْقَائِلَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ الْحُسَيْنُ، وَأَنَّ الْحَسَنَ قَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَخِي، إِنِّي أَدْخُلُ فِي أَمْرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَدْخُلْ فِي مَثَلِهِ، وَأَرَى خَلْقًا مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَرَ مَثَلَهُ قَطُّ. قَالَ: فَبَكَى الْحُسَيْنُ. ؓ. وعَنْ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: شَهِدْنَا حَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يَوْمَ مَاتَ، فَكَادَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ تَقَعُ بَيْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ قَدْ عَهِدَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنْ خَافَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ قِتَالٌ أَوْ شَرٌّ فَلْيُدْفَنْ بِالْبَقِيعِ. فَأَبَى مَرْوَانُ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ، وَمَرْوَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَعْزُولٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُرْضِيَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ مَرْوَانُ عَدُوًّا لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ حَتَّى مَاتَ. قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَكَلَّمْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ حُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، اتَّقِ اللَّهَ ; فَإِنَّ أَخَاكَ كَانَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَا تَرَى، فَادْفِنْهُ بِالْبَقِيعِ مَعَ أُمِّهِ. فَفَعَلَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ بَعَثَ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَائِشَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَذِنَتْ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ لَبِسَ الْحُسَيْنُ السِّلَاحَ وَتَسَلَّحَ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ، وَقَالُوا: لَا نَدَعُهُ يُدْفَنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَيُدْفَنُ عُثْمَانُ بِالْبَقِيعِ، وَيُدْفَنُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْحُجْرَةِ ؟ فَلَمَّا خَافَ النَّاسُ وُقُوعَ الْفِتْنَةِ أَشَارَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَجَابِرٌ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ عَلَى الْحُسَيْنِ أَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلَ، فَامْتَثَلَ وَدَفَنَ أَخَاهُ قَرِيبًا مِنْ قَبْرِ أُمِّهِ بِالْبَقِيعِ، ؓ. وعَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ قَدَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَعِيدَ بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَصَلَّى عَلَى الْحَسَنِ. وَقَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنَّهَا سُنَّةٌ مَا قَدَّمْتُهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُسَاوِرٌ مَوْلَى بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَائِمًا عَلَى مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ مَاتَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَهُوَ يُنَادِي بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَاتَ الْيَوْمَ حِبُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَابْكُوا. وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ لِجِنَازَتِهِ، حَتَّى مَا كَانَ الْبَقِيعُ يَسَعُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الزِّحَامِ، وَقَدْ بَكَاهُ الرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ سَبْعًا، وَاسْتَمَرَّ نِسَاءُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ يَنُحْنَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرًا، وَحَدَّتْ نِسَاءُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ عَلَيْهِ سَنَةً. وعَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَمَاتَ لَهَا حَسَنٌ، وَقُتِلَ لَهَا الْحُسَيْنُ. ؓ. وعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ سَعْدٌ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فِي أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ مَا مَضَى مِنْ إِمَارَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ. وعَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ الْحَسَنُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَبْعٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ. وَكَذَا قَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ. وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: مَاتَ سَنَةَ خَمْسِينَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَخَمْسِينَ أَوْ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسِينَ.

Translation

✧ Those who died in this year among the notables The death of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, ﷺ. He is al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib Abū Muḥammad al-Qurashī al-Hāshimī, the grandson of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the son of his daughter Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʾ and his fragrant basil, and the closest of Allah's creation to him in his face. He was born on the middle of Ramaḍān in the year three of the Hijrah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ chewed a date for him with his saliva, and named him Ḥasan. He was the eldest child of his parents. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ loved him with intense love, so much that he would kiss his little dimple when he was small, and sometimes suck his tongue, embrace him, and play with him. Sometimes he would come while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was prostrating in prayer, and he would climb on his back, and he would let him do that and prolong the prostration because of him. Sometimes he would ascend with him to the pulpit. It is established in the ḥadīth that he, ﷺ, while he was delivering a sermon, saw al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn approaching, so he descended to them, embraced them, and took them with him to the pulpit, and said: 'Allah has spoken the truth: Your wealth and your children are only a trial. I saw these two walking and stumbling, and I could not help but descend to them.' Then he said: 'You are indeed from the spirit of Allah, and you indeed cause miserliness and cowardice.' The resemblance of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī to the Prophet ﷺ and his love for him It is established in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī with his chain of transmission from ʿUqbah b. al-Ḥārith that Abū Bakr led them in the afternoon prayer - a few nights after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ - then he and ʿAlī went out walking. He saw al-Ḥasan playing with the boys, so he carried him on his neck, and began saying: 'May my father be his ransom, may my father be his ransom, the image of the Prophet, not resembling ʿAlī.' He said: And ʿAlī was laughing. Ismāʿīl b. Abī Khālid said: I heard Abū Juḥayfah say: I saw the Prophet ﷺ and al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī resembled him. From Ibn Abī Mulaykah who said: Fāṭimah used to bounce al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī and say: O my father's ransom, the image of the Prophet, not resembling ʿAlī. From ʿAlī who said: Al-Ḥasan resembles the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the chest to the head, and al-Ḥusayn resembles the Messenger of Allah ﷺ below that. From Usāmah b. Zayd who said: The Prophet ﷺ would take me and seat me on his thigh, and seat al-Ḥasan on his other thigh, then gather us together, then say: 'O Allah, have mercy on them both, for I have mercy on them.' In another narration: 'O Allah, I love them both, so love them.' From Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ that he said to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: 'O Allah, I love him, so love him, and love whoever loves him.' From Abū Hurayrah who said: I was with the Prophet ﷺ in one of the markets of Madinah. He left and I left with him. He came to the courtyard of Fāṭimah and called al-Ḥasan, saying: 'O little one, O little one, O little one.' No one answered him, so he left and I left with him. He came to the courtyard of ʿĀʾishah and sat down. He said: Then al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī came. Abū Hurayrah said: We thought his mother had detained him to put a necklace on his neck. When he entered, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ embraced him, and he embraced the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then he said: 'O Allah, I love him, so love him, and love whoever loves him.' Three times. From Abū Hurayrah who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever loves al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn has loved me, and whoever hates them has hated me.' It is reported from ʿĀʾishah and Umm Salamah, the two Mothers of the Believers, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrapped himself with al-Ḥasan, al-Ḥusayn, their mother, and their father, and said: 'O Allah, these are my household, so remove from them the impurity and purify them thoroughly.' From Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever is pleased to look at the chief of the youth of the people of Paradise, let him look at al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī.' From Yaʿlā b. Murrah who said: Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn came running to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. One of them came before the other, so he placed his hand on his neck, then pressed him to his side, then the other came, so he placed his other hand on his neck, then pressed him to his side, then he kissed this one, then kissed this one, then said: 'O Allah, I love them both, so love them.' Then he said: 'O people, indeed a child is a cause of miserliness, cowardice, and ignorance.' In the ḥadīth of ʿAbd Allāh b. Shaddād, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in one of the two evening prayers, and he prostrated with a long prostration. When he said the salutation, the people asked him about that. He said: 'My son - meaning al-Ḥasan - mounted me, so I disliked to hurry him until he finished his need.' Aḥmad narrated from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'This son of mine is a chief, and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two great factions of the Muslims.' The Companions' love for al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī Al-Ṣiddīq used to honor him, venerate him, respect him, love him, and ransom him, and likewise ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. Al-Wāqidī narrated from Mūsā b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥārith al-Taymī, from his father, that when ʿUmar established the register, he allotted for al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn with the people of Badr five thousand each. Likewise, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān used to honor al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn and love them. On the day of the house - when ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān was besieged - al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī was with him, wearing his sword, defending ʿUthmān. ʿUthmān feared for him, so he made him swear to return to his home, to reassure the heart of ʿAlī and out of fear for him, ؓ. ʿAlī used to honor al-Ḥasan with extra honor, venerate him, and revere him. One day he said to him: 'O my son, will you not deliver a sermon so that I may hear you?' He said: 'I am too shy to deliver a sermon while I see you.' So ʿAlī went and sat where al-Ḥasan could not see him. Then al-Ḥasan stood among the people as a preacher while ʿAlī listened, and he delivered an eloquent and articulate sermon. When he finished, ʿAlī began reciting: 'Offspring, one of the other, and Allah is Hearing and Knowing' [Āl ʿImrān: 34]. Ibn ʿAbbās used to hold the stirrups for al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn when they mounted, and he considered this among the blessings of Allah upon him. When they circumambulated the House, the people almost crushed them because of the crowding around them to greet them, ؓ and make them pleased. Ibn al-Zubayr used to say: By Allah, women have never given birth to anyone like al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. The worship of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī Others said: When al-Ḥasan prayed the morning prayer in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he would sit in his prayer place remembering Allah until the sun rose. The notables of the people would sit with him and converse in his presence, then he would get up and enter upon the Mothers of the Believers and greet them. Sometimes they would give him gifts, then he would return to his home. When he abdicated the caliphate to Muʿāwiyah out of piety, to protect the blood of the Muslims, he had an annual gift from Muʿāwiyah, and he would visit him. Sometimes Muʿāwiyah would give him four hundred thousand dirhams, and his annual stipend was one hundred thousand. One year he stopped going, and the time of the gift came. Al-Ḥasan needed it - and he was among the most generous of people - so he wanted to write to Muʿāwiyah to send it to him. That night when he slept, he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a dream, and he said to him: 'O my son, will you write to a creature for your need?!' And he taught him a supplication to invoke. So al-Ḥasan abandoned what he had intended of writing. Muʿāwiyah remembered him and missed him, and said: 'Send him two hundred thousand, for perhaps he has a necessity in his failure to come to us.' So it was carried to him without asking. Ṣāliḥ b. Aḥmad said: I heard my father say: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī is a Medinan, trustworthy. Ibn ʿAsākir cited this in his 'History'. They said: He divided his wealth with Allah three times, and he gave away from his wealth twice. He performed Hajj twenty-five times on foot, while the led camels were driven before him. From Muḥammad b. ʿAlī who said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī said: 'I am too shy of my Lord, Mighty and Majestic, to meet Him without having walked to His House.' So he walked twenty times from Madinah on his feet. They said: He used to recite Sūrah Ibrāhīm in some of his sermons. He used to recite Sūrah al-Kahf every night before sleeping, reading it from a tablet that went around with him wherever he was among the houses of his wives, and he would read it after getting into bed before sleeping, ؓ. The generosity of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī He was extremely generous. Muḥammad b. Sīrīn said: Sometimes al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī would give a single man one hundred thousand. Saʿīd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī heard a man beside him supplicating Allah to make him own ten thousand dirhams, so he went to his house and sent them to him. They mentioned that al-Ḥasan saw a black slave eating a morsel from a loaf and feeding a dog there a morsel. He said to him: 'What made you do this?!' He said: 'I am too shy of it to eat and not feed it.' Al-Ḥasan said to him: 'Do not leave your place until I come to you.' He went to his master, bought him, and bought the garden in which he was, then freed him and gave him the garden. The slave said: 'O my master, I have granted the garden to the One who granted me to you.' The marriages of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī They said: He married often, and he never had fewer than four free women with him, and he was a frequent divorcer and frequent marriage-contractor. It is said that he consummated marriage with seventy women. They mentioned that he divorced two women in one day, one from Banū Asad and another Fazāriyyah, and he sent to each of them ten thousand and a skin of honey. He said to the servant: 'Listen to what each of them says.' The Fazāriyyah said: 'May Allah reward him with good,' and she supplicated for him. The Asadiyyah said: A little provision from a departing beloved. The servant returned to him with that, so he took back the Asadiyyah and left the Fazāriyyah. ʿAlī used to say to the people of Kufa: 'Do not marry him to your daughters, for he is a frequent divorcer.' They would say: 'By Allah, O Commander of the Believers, if he proposed to us every day, we would marry him to whomever he wished, seeking the affinity of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' They mentioned that he slept with his wife Khawlah bt. Manẓūr al-Fazāriyyah - and it is said: Hind bt. Suhayl - on a roof terrace. The woman tied his leg with her headscarf to her anklet. When he woke up, he said to her: 'What is this?' She said: 'I feared that you would get up in the drowsiness of sleep and fall, and I would be the most ill-omened lamb upon the Arabs.' He was pleased with that from her, and he stayed with her for seven days after that. Abū Jaʿfar al-Bāqir said: A man came to al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī seeking his help with a need, and found him in spiritual retreat, so he apologized to him. He went to al-Ḥasan and sought his help, and he fulfilled his need, saying: 'Fulfilling the need of a brother of mine for the sake of Allah is more beloved to me than a month of spiritual retreat.' From Ibn Sīrīn who said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī would not invite anyone to his food, saying: 'It is too insignificant to invite anyone to it.' From Muḥammad b. Sīrīn who said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī married a woman and sent her one hundred slave girls, with each slave girl a thousand dirhams. Juwayriyah b. Asmāʾ said: When al-Ḥasan died, Marwān wept over him at his funeral. Al-Ḥusayn said to him: 'Do you weep for him when you used to make him swallow what you made him swallow?!' He said: 'I did that to one more forbearing than this,' and he pointed with his hand to the mountain. From ʿUmayr b. Isḥāq who said: No one ever spoke in my presence whom I loved more, when he spoke, not to stop, than al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. I never heard an obscene word from him except once. There was a dispute between al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī and ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān, and al-Ḥasan said: 'He has nothing from us except what may rub his nose in the dust.' That is the harshest obscene word I ever heard from him. It was said to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: 'Abū Dharr says: Poverty is more beloved to me than wealth, and sickness is more beloved to me than health.' He said: 'May Allah have mercy on Abū Dharr. As for me, I say: Whoever relies on the goodness of Allah's choice for him does not wish to be in a state other than that which Allah has chosen for him. This is the limit of standing upon contentment with what the decree has brought about.' Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Kaysān al-Aṣamm said: Al-Ḥasan said one day to his companions: “I will tell you about a brother of mine who was among the greatest of people in my eyes. What made him great in my eyes was the smallness of this world in his eyes. He was outside the dominion of his stomach: he did not crave what he did not have, and did not indulge when he had it. He was outside the dominion of his private parts: his intellect and judgment were not swayed by them. He was outside the dominion of the ignorant: he did not stretch out his hand except upon a sure benefit. He did not become angry or vexed. When he sat with scholars, he was more eager to listen than to speak. When he was overcome in speech, he was not overcome in silence. Most of his time he was silent; when he spoke, he excelled the speakers. He did not take part in disputes, nor enter into arguments, nor produce an argument until he saw a judge. He said what he did, and did what he did not say, out of graciousness and generosity. He was not heedless of his brothers, nor did he single himself out for anything apart from them. He did not blame anyone for matters in which an excuse might be found. When two matters confronted him and he did not know which was closer to the truth, he looked at which was closer to his desire and opposed it.” From al-Ḥārith al-Aʿwar: ʿAlī asked his son—meaning al-Ḥasan—about some matters of manly virtue (muruwwa). He said: “O my son, what is rectitude (al-sadād)?” He replied: “O father, rectitude is repelling evil with good.” He said: “What is nobility (al-sharaf)?” He replied: “Caring for one’s kinsfolk and bearing their burdens.” He said: “What is manly virtue (al-muruwwa)?” He replied: “Chastity and a man’s setting right his wealth.” He said: “What is exactitude (al-diqqa)?” He replied: “Attention to small matters and withholding what is base.” He said: “What is vileness (al-luʾm)?” He replied: “A man’s guarding himself and giving up his wife.” He said: “What is liberality (al-samāḥa)?” He replied: “Giving in hardship and ease.” He said: “What is miserliness (al-shuḥḥ)?” He replied: “That you regard what is in your hands as honour, and what you spend as loss.” He said: “What is brotherhood (al-ikhāʾ)?” He replied: “Fidelity in adversity and prosperity.” He said: “What is cowardice (al-jubn)?” He replied: “Boldness against a friend and holding back from an enemy.” He said: “What is booty (al-ghanīma)?” He replied: “Desire for piety (taqwā), and asceticism in this world is the cool booty.” He said: “What is forbearance (al-ḥilm)?” He replied: “Suppressing anger and mastering the soul.” He said: “What is wealth (al-ghinā)?” He replied: “The soul’s contentment with what God has apportioned for it, even if little; for wealth is only wealth of the soul.” He said: “What is poverty (al-faqr)?” He replied: “The soul’s greed for everything.” He said: “What is strength (al-manaʿa)?” He replied: “Intensity of courage and confronting the mightiest of people.” He said: “What is humiliation (al-dhull)?” He replied: “Panic at the moment of truth.” He said: “What is boldness (al-jurʾa)?” He replied: “Matching one’s peers.” He said: “What is affectation (al-kulfa)?” He replied: “Your speaking about what does not concern you.” He said: “What is glory (al-majd)?” He replied: “That you give in times of penalty, and that you pardon wrongdoing.” He said: “What is intellect (al-ʿaql)?” He replied: “The heart’s guarding everything you entrust to it.” He said: “What is folly (al-khurq)?” He replied: “Your enmity toward your leader and raising your voice against him.” He said: “What is praise (al-thanāʾ)?” He replied: “Doing what is beautiful and abandoning what is ugly.” He said: “What is prudence (al-ḥazm)?” He replied: “Lengthy deliberation, gentleness with governors, and guarding against people by thinking ill of them—that is prudence.” He said: “What is nobility (al-sharaf)?” He replied: “Concord with brothers and protecting neighbours.” He said: “What is foolishness (al-safah)?” He replied: “Following the lowly and keeping company with the misguided.” He said: “What is heedlessness (al-ghafla)?” He replied: “Your abandoning the mosque and obeying the corrupter.” He said: “What is deprivation (al-ḥirmān)?” He replied: “Your leaving your share when it has been offered to you.” He said: “What is a chief (al-sayyid)?” He replied: “The one who is foolish with wealth, careless of his honour; he is insulted but does not respond, and he bears the grief of the clan’s affairs—he is the chief.” He said: Then ʿAlī said: “O my son, I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: ‘There is no poverty more severe than ignorance, no wealth more profitable than intellect, no loneliness more desolate than self-conceit, no support more reliable than consultation, no intellect like deliberation, no lineage like good character, no piety like restraint, no worship like reflection, no faith like modesty, and the head of faith is patience. The blight of speech is lying, the blight of knowledge is forgetfulness, the blight of forbearance is foolishness, the blight of worship is weariness, the blight of elegance is boastfulness, the blight of courage is transgression, the blight of liberality is reproach, the blight of beauty is vanity, and the blight of love is pride.’” Then ʿAlī said: “O my son, never belittle any man you see. If he is older than you, consider that he is your father; if he is your age, he is your brother; if he is younger than you, reckon that he is your son.” This is what ʿAlī asked his son about some matters of manly virtue. Al-Qāḍī Abū al-Faraj said: In this report there is wisdom and abundant benefit for those who observe it, memorize it, comprehend it, act upon it, discipline themselves by working with it, and refine themselves by returning to it. Its benefit is increased by pausing over it. And in what the Commander of the Faithful related from the Prophet ﷺ, and many times more than that, there is what no astute, knowledgeable, wise, eloquent person can dispense with memorizing and reflecting upon. Blessed is he who is guided to accept it, and fortunate is he who is granted success in complying with it and accepting it. I say: However, the chain of this report and the marfūʿ hadith it contains is weak. In expressions like these, the oddity (nakāra) in some of them indicates that it is not well-attested. And God knows best. ʿAlī b. al-ʿAbbās al-Ṭabarānī said: On the seal-ring of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī was inscribed: “Provide for yourself whatever piety you can, for death is coming upon you, O young man. You have become one of joy, as though you do not see the loved ones of your heart in the graves and decay.” Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī said to his sons and the sons of his brother: “Learn, for today you are the young of your people, and tomorrow you will be their elders. Whoever of you does not memorize, let him write.” From ʿAmr b. al-Aṣamm, he said: I said to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: “These Shīʿa claim that ʿAlī will be resurrected before the Day of Resurrection.” He said: “They lie, by God. These are not the Shīʿa. Had we known that he would be resurrected, we would not have married off his wives or divided his wealth.” Al-Ḥasan’s ceding of the caliphate From Safīna, from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: “The caliphate after me is thirty years.” A man present in the gathering said: “Six months of these thirty have already passed in the caliphate of Muʿāwiyah.” He said: “That is where you have erred. Those months were the pledge of allegiance to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. Forty thousand or forty-two thousand pledged allegiance to him.” Ṣāliḥ b. Aḥmad said: I heard my father say: Ninety thousand pledged allegiance to al-Ḥasan, but he renounced the caliphate and made peace with Muʿāwiyah. Not a drop of blood was spilled during his days. From Ibn Shawdhab, he said: When ʿAlī was killed, al-Ḥasan marched among the people of Iraq, and Muʿāwiyah marched among the people of Syria, and they met. Al-Ḥasan disliked fighting and pledged allegiance to Muʿāwiyah on condition that the covenant (of succession) be given to al-Ḥasan after him. He said: Al-Ḥasan’s companions were saying: “O shame of the believers!” He would say to them: “Shame is better than the Fire.” From Muḥammad b. Sīrīn, he said: When Muʿāwiyah entered Kufa and al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī pledged allegiance to him, Muʿāwiyah’s companions said to Muʿāwiyah: “Order al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī to deliver a sermon, for he is young and inarticulate; perhaps he will stammer and thus be lowered in people’s hearts.” So he ordered him, and he stood and delivered a sermon. He said in his sermon: “O people, by God, if you sought between Jābalq and Jābars a man whose grandfather is a prophet other than me and my brother, you would not find him. We have given our pledge of allegiance to Muʿāwiyah, and we considered the sparing of Muslim blood better than shedding it. By God, I do not know—perhaps it is a trial for you and an enjoyment for a time.” And he pointed at Muʿāwiyah. Muʿāwiyah became angry at that and said: “What did you intend by this?” He said: “I intended by it what God intended by it.” Then Muʿāwiyah ascended and delivered a sermon after him. From Yazīd b. Khumayr, he said: I heard ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jubayr b. Nufayr al-Ḥaḍramī relate from his father, who said: I said to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: “People claim that you want the caliphate.” He said: “The chiefs of the Arabs were in my hand: they made peace with whom I made peace, and fought whom I fought. I left it seeking the face of God. Then should I stir it up with the goats of the people of the Hijaz?!” From Zayd b. Aslam, he said: A man entered upon al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī in Madinah with a letter in his hand. He asked: “What is this?” The man said: “From Muʿāwiyah; in it he promises and threatens.” He said: “You were halfway against him.” He said: “Yes, but I feared that on the Day of Resurrection seventy thousand or eighty thousand or more or fewer would come, each with veins spouting blood, each appealing to God for shed blood.” The illness and death of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī From ʿImrān b. ʿAbd Allāh, he said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī saw in a dream that between his eyes was written “Qul huwa Allāhu aḥad” (Say: He is God, the One). He rejoiced at that. When that reached Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, he said: “If he saw this vision, then little of his term remains.” He said: Al-Ḥasan remained only a few days after that before he died. From ʿUmayr b. Isḥāq, he said: I and a man from Quraysh entered upon al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. He got up and went into the privy, then came out and said: “I have expelled a piece of my liver, turning it over with this stick. I have been given poison several times, but never a time more severe than this.” He said: He began to say to that man: “Ask me before you cannot ask me.” The man said: “I will not ask you anything; may God heal you.” He said: We left him, then returned the next day when he had already entered the throes of death. Al-Ḥusayn came and sat at his head and said: “O my brother, who is your companion (the one who poisoned you)?” He said: “Do you want to kill him?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “If my companion is the one I suspect, then God is harsher in vengeance”—in another version: “then God is harsher in might and harsher in punishment—” “and if it is not him, I would not like you to kill an innocent person for my sake.” From Umm Bakr bt. al-Miswar, she said: Al-Ḥasan was given poison several times, each time he escaped it, until the last time in which he died. His liver was discharging. When he died, the women of Banū Hāshim held mourning over him for a month. From ʿĀʾisha, she said: The women of Banū Hāshim mourned al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī for a year. From ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan, he said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī married many women. Few of them were favoured by him, and there was scarcely a woman he married who did not love him and become infatuated with him. It is said that he was poisoned, then recovered, then poisoned, then recovered, then the last time he died. When death came to him, the physician who attended him said: “This is a man whose intestines have been cut up by poison.” Al-Ḥusayn said: “O Abā Muḥammad, tell me who gave you poison.” He said: “Why, O my brother?” He said: “I will kill him, by God, before I bury you, or I will not be able to, or he may be in a land to which I would have to travel.” He said: “O my brother, this world is only fading nights. Leave him until I meet him before God.” He refused to name him. I heard some say that Muʿāwiyah had secretly arranged for one of his servants to give him poison. From Umm Mūsā: Jaʿda bt. al-Ashʿath b. Qays gave al-Ḥasan poison, and he fell ill from it. He said: A basin was placed beneath him and another raised, for about forty days. Some narrated that Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah sent to Jaʿda bt. al-Ashʿath: “Poison al-Ḥasan, and I will marry you after him.” She did so. When al-Ḥasan died, she sent to him, and he said: “By God, we were not satisfied with you for al-Ḥasan; would we be satisfied with you for ourselves?” In my view this is not authentic, and its inauthenticity from his father Muʿāwiyah is even more certain and more likely. Kathīr ʿAzza said about that: “O Jaʿd, weep for him and do not weary of a true weeping, not a false one. You will never shelter in the house a man like him, among people barefoot or sandalled. I mean the one whom his people surrendered to the barren, withdrawing time. When his fire blazed, he raised it high with manifest lineage, so that a destitute, bereft one might see it, or a solitary man of a people, not one of many. He boiled the meat of the feast until, when it was cooked, it did not boil over upon the eater.” Sufyān b. ʿUyayna said, from Raqaba b. Miṣqala: When al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī was at the point of death, he said: “Take me out to the courtyard so that I may look at the dominion of the heavens.” They brought out his bed, and he raised his head and looked, then said: “O God, I count my soul as a sacrifice with You, for it is the dearest of souls to me.” He said: It was among what God granted him that he counted his soul with Him. Abū Nuʿaym said: When the illness of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī became severe, he was distressed. A man entered upon him and said: “O Abā Muḥammad, what is this distress? It is only that your soul will part from your body, and you will go to your parents ʿAlī and Fāṭima, and to your grandfathers the Prophet ﷺ and Khadīja, and to your paternal uncles Ḥamza and Jaʿfar, and to your maternal uncles al-Qāsim, al-Ṭayyib, Muṭahhir, and Ibrāhīm, and to your maternal aunts Ruqayya, Umm Kulthūm, and Zaynab.” He said: His distress was relieved. In another version, the one who said that to him was al-Ḥusayn, and al-Ḥasan said to him: “O my brother, I am entering into a matter of God’s command the like of which I have never entered, and I see a creation of God’s creation the like of which I have never seen.” He said: Al-Ḥusayn wept. ؓ. From Abū ʿAtīq, he said: I heard Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh say: We witnessed al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī on the day he died. Strife nearly broke out between al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī and Marwān b. al-Ḥakam. Al-Ḥasan had charged his brother that he be buried with the Messenger of God ﷺ, but if he feared that there would be fighting or evil in that, then he should be buried in al-Baqīʿ. Marwān refused to allow it, and Marwān that day was deposed, wanting to please Muʿāwiyah by that. Marwān remained an enemy of Banū Hāshim until he died. Jābir said: I spoke that day to al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī and said: “O Abā ʿAbd Allāh, fear God. Your brother would not have loved what you intend. Bury him in al-Baqīʿ with his mother.” So he did. In another version: Al-Ḥasan sent to ask permission of ʿĀʾisha for that, and she granted it. When he died, al-Ḥusayn put on his weapons, and Banū Umayya armed themselves and said: “We will not let him be buried with the Messenger of God ﷺ. Should ʿUthmān be buried in al-Baqīʿ and al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī be buried in the room?” When the people feared the outbreak of strife, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, Abū Hurayra, Jābir, and Ibn ʿUmar advised al-Ḥusayn not to fight. He complied and buried his brother near his mother’s grave in al-Baqīʿ. ؓ. From Abū Ḥāzim, he said: I saw al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī that day bring forward Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and he prayed over al-Ḥasan. He said: “Were it not that it is a sunna, I would not have brought him forward.” Muhammad b. Isḥāq said: Musāwir, mawlā of Banū Saʿd b. Bakr, related to me: I saw Abū Hurayrah standing at the mosque of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī died, calling out at the top of his voice: O people, today the beloved of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died, so weep. The people gathered for his funeral, so much so that al-Baqīʿ could not contain anyone because of the crowding. Men and women wept over him for seven days, and the women of Banū Hāshim continued to lament him for a month, and the women of Banū Hāshim observed ḥidād for him for a year. On the authority of Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father, who said: ʿAlī was killed when he was fifty-eight years old; al-Ḥasan died at the same age; and al-Ḥusayn was killed at the same age. ؓ. On the authority of Abū Bakr b. Ḥafṣ, who said: Saʿd and al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī died within a few days after ten years of Muʿāwiyah’s rule had passed. On the authority of Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father, who said: Al-Ḥasan died when he was forty-seven. Others said the same, and this is more correct. It is widely known that he died in the year forty-nine as we mentioned, while others said: He died in the year fifty. It is also said: in the year fifty-one or fifty-eight.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.