Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2111
The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān
قُدُومِ زِيَادٍ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَفِي سنة ثنتين وأربعين قَدِمَ زِيَادُ بْنُ أَبِيهِ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ ، [ مِنْ فَارِسَ ]. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ زِيَادًا كَانَ قَدِ اسْتَوْدَعَ مَالَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَلِي مَالَهُ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، وَبَلَغَ مُعَاوِيَةَ ذَلِكَ فَبَعَثَ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ لِيَنْظُرَ فِي أَمْوَالِ زِيَادٍ، فَأَخَذَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ قَدْ أَسَاءَ إِلَيَّ لَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ عَمُّكَ، يَعْنِي زِيَادًا. وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ: أَنْ عَذِّبْ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْذَرَ، وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: احْتَفِظْ بِمَا فِي يَدَيْكَ. وَأَلْقَى عَلَى وَجْهِهِ حَرِيرَةً وَنَضَحَهَا بِالْمَاءِ، فَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ خَلَّاهُ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ: إِنِّي عَذَّبْتُهُ فَلَمْ أُصِبْ عِنْدَهُ شَيْئًا. وَحَفِظَ لِزِيَادٍ يَدَهُ عِنْدَهُ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمُغِيرَةُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ حِينَ رَآهُ: إِنَّمَا مَوْضِعُ سِرِّ الْمَرْءِ إِنْ بَاحَ بِالسِّرِّ أَخُوهُ الْمُنْتَصِحْ فَإِذَا بُحْتَ بِسِرٍّ فَإِلَى نَاصِحٍ يَسْتُرُهُ أَوْ لَا تَبُحْ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنْ تَسْتَوْدِعْنِي تَسْتَوْدِعْ نَاصِحًا مُشْفِقًا، وَمَا ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: ذَكَرْتُ زِيَادًا وَاعْتِصَامَهُ بِفَارِسَ فَلَمْ أَنَمْ لَيْلَتِي. فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: مَا زِيَادٌ هُنَاكَ ؟ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: دَاهِيَةُ الْعَرَبِ مَعَهُ أَمْوَالُ فَارِسَ يُدَبِّرُ الْحِيَلَ، مَا يُؤَمِّنُنِي أَنْ يُبَايِعَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ أَعَادَ [ عَلَيَّ ] الْحَرْبَ جَذَعَةً، فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: أَتَأْذَنُ لِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي إِتْيَانِهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأْتِهِ وَتَلَطَّفْ لَهُ. فَأَتَاهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ اسْتَخَفَّهُ الْوَجَلُ حَتَّى بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يَمُدُّ يَدَهُ إِلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ غَيْرُ الْحَسَنِ، وَقَدْ بَايَعَ، فَخُذْ لِنَفْسِكَ قَبْلَ التَّوْطِينِ فَيَسْتَغْنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ عَنْكَ. قَالَ: أَشِرْ عَلَيَّ ( وَارْمِ الْغَرَضَ الْأَقْصَى )، فَإِنَّ الْمُسْتَشَارَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ: فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ: ( أَرَى أَنْ تَصِلَ حَبْلَكَ بِحَبْلِهِ وَتَشْخَصَ إِلَيْهِ، وَيَقْضِي اللَّهُ. وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ بِأَمَانِهِ بَعْدَ عَوْدِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْهُ )، فَخَرَجَ زِيَادٌ مِنْ فَارِسَ نَحْوَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَمَعَهُ الْمِنْجَابُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ الضَّبِّيُّ وَحَارِثَةُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ الْغُدَانِيُّ. وَسَرَّحَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ خَازِمٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ إِلَى فَارِسَ وَقَالَ: لَعَلَّكَ تَلْقَى زِيَادًا فِي طَرِيقِكَ فَتَأْخُذُهُ. فَسَارَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ، فَلَقِيَ زِيَادًا بِأَرَّجَانَ، فَأَخَذَهُ بِعِنَانِهِ وَقَالَ: انْزِلْ يَا زِيَادُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمِنْجَابُ: تَنَحَّ يَا ابْنَ السَّوْدَاءِ وَإِلَّا عَلَّقْتُ يَدَكَ بِالْعِنَانِ. وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ مُنَازَعَةٌ. فَقَالَ لَهُ زِيَادٌ: قَدْ أَتَانِي كِتَابُ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَمَانُهُ. فَتَرَكَهُ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ، وَقَدِمَ زِيَادٌ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَمْوَالِ فَارِسَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا حَمَلَ مِنْهَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَبِمَا أَنْفَقَ مِنْهَا فِي الْوُجُوهِ الَّتِي تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى النَّفَقَةِ وَمَا بَقِيَ عِنْدَهُ وَأَنَّهُ مُودَعٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَصَدَّقَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِيمَا أَنْفَقَ وَفِيمَا بَقِيَ عِنْدَهُ وَقَبَضَهُ مِنْهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ زِيَادًا لَمَّا قَالَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ قَدْ بَقِيَتْ بَقِيَّةٌ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَقَدْ أَوْدَعْتُهَا، مَكَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ يُرَدِّدُهُ، فَكَتَبَ زِيَادٌ كُتُبَا إِلَى قَوْمٍ ( أَوْدَعَهُمُ الْمَالَ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ ): قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا لِي عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَمَانَةِ فَتَدَبَّرُوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ الْآيَةَ، فَاحْتَفِظُوا بِمَا قِبَلَكُمْ. وَسَمَّى فِي الْكُتُبِ الْمَالَ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ بِهِ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَمَرَ رَسُولَهُ أَنْ يَتَعَرَّضَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ يُبَلِّغُ ذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةَ. فَفَعَلَ رَسُولُهُ، وَانْتَشَرَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ لِزِيَادٍ حِينَ وَقَفَ عَلَى الْكُتُبِ: أَخَافَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَكَرْتَ بِي فَصَالِحْنِي عَلَى مَا شِئْتَ. فَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَحَمَلَهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَمَبْلَغُهُ: أَلْفُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَاسْتَأْذَنَهُ فِي نُزُولِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَكَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ يُكْرِمُهُ وَيُعَظِّمُهُ. فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ لِيُلْزِمَ زِيَادًا وَحُجْرَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ صُرَدٍ وَشَبَثَ بْنَ رِبْعِيٍّ وَابْنَ الْكَوَّا بْنِ الْحَمِقِ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ، فَكَانُوا يَحْضُرُونَ مَعَهُ الصَّلَاةَ. ( وَإِنَّمَا أَلْزَمَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مِنْ شِيعَةِ عَلِيٍّ ).
Translation
✧ The arrival of Ziyād to Muʿāwiyah In the year forty-two, Ziyād b. Abīhi came to Muʿāwiyah from Persia. The reason for that was that Ziyād had entrusted his wealth to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakrah, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān was in charge of his wealth in al-Baṣrah. That reached Muʿāwiyah, so he sent al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah to look into Ziyād's wealth. He seized ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and said to him: "If your father has treated me badly, your paternal uncle—meaning Ziyād—has treated me well." And he wrote to Muʿāwiyah: "Torture ʿAbd al-Raḥmān," intending to create an excuse. That reached Muʿāwiyah, so he said to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: "Guard what is in your hands." He placed a piece of silk over his face and sprinkled it with water, so he lost consciousness. He did that three times, then released him and wrote to Muʿāwiyah: "I tortured him but found nothing with him." And he preserved Ziyād's favor to him. Then al-Mughīrah entered upon Muʿāwiyah, and when Muʿāwiyah saw him, he said: A man's secret is entrusted only to a sincere brother; if you reveal a secret, let it be to a sincere adviser who conceals it, or do not reveal it. Al-Mughīrah said: "O Commander of the Faithful, if you entrust me, you entrust a sincere, compassionate one. What is that?" Muʿāwiyah said to him: "I remembered Ziyād and his holding fast to Persia, and I did not sleep my night." Al-Mughīrah said: "What is Ziyād there?" Muʿāwiyah said: "A cunning man of the Arabs, with him are the wealth of Persia, devising tricks. What assures me that he will not pledge allegiance to a man from this house? Then he would have renewed the war from its beginning." Al-Mughīrah said: "Do you permit me, O Commander of the Faithful, to go to him?" He said: "Yes, go to him and be gentle with him." So al-Mughīrah went to him and said: "Muʿāwiyah was overcome by fear until he sent me to you. No one stretched out his hand to this matter except al-Ḥasan, and he has pledged allegiance. So take for yourself before settlement, and Muʿāwiyah will have no need of you." He said: "Advise me (and aim at the farthest target), for the one consulted is trusted:" Al-Mughīrah said to him: "I think you should connect your rope to his rope and go to him, and Allah will decide. Muʿāwiyah wrote to him with his guarantee of safety after al-Mughīrah returned from him." So Ziyād departed from Persia toward Muʿāwiyah, and with him were al-Minjāb b. Rāshid al-Ḍabbī and Ḥārithah b. Badr al-Ghudānī. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Khāzim with a group to Persia and said: "Perhaps you will meet Ziyād on your way and seize him." Ibn Khāzim traveled and met Ziyād at Arrajān. He seized his rein and said: "Dismount, O Ziyād." Al-Minjāb said to him: "Step aside, O son of a black woman, or I will hang your hand by the rein." There was a dispute among them. Ziyād said to him: "Muʿāwiyah's letter and his guarantee of safety have come to me." So Ibn Khāzim left him, and Ziyād came to Muʿāwiyah. He asked him about the wealth of Persia, and he informed him of what he had carried from it to ʿAlī and what he had spent from it on necessary expenses, and what remained with him, and that it was entrusted for the Muslims. Muʿāwiyah believed him regarding what he spent and what remained with him, and he took it from him. It was said: When Ziyād said to Muʿāwiyah, "A remainder of the wealth has remained and I have entrusted it," Muʿāwiyah kept pressing him. So Ziyād wrote letters to people with whom he had deposited the wealth, saying to them: "You know what I have with you of the trust, so ponder the Book of Allah: 'Indeed, We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains'—the verse—so guard what is with you." In the letters he named the wealth that he had acknowledged to Muʿāwiyah, and he ordered his messenger to expose himself to someone who would convey that to Muʿāwiyah. His messenger did so, and that spread. When Muʿāwiyah learned of the letters, he said to Ziyād: "I fear that you have deceived me, so make a settlement with me for whatever you wish." So he settled with him for something and carried it to him, and its amount was one million dirhams. He asked his permission to settle in al-Kūfah, and he permitted him. Al-Mughīrah honored and respected him. Muʿāwiyah wrote to al-Mughīrah to compel Ziyād, Ḥujr b. ʿAdī, Sulaymān b. Ṣurad, Shabath b. Ribʿī, and Ibn al-Kawwāʾ b. al-Ḥamiq to attend the congregational prayer. So they used to attend the prayer with him. (He only compelled them to that because they were among the Shīʿah of ʿAlī.)
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.