Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2092
The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān
أَيَّامِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبَى سُفْيَانَ، ؓ، وَمُلْكِهِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ الْخِلَافَةَ بَعْدَهُ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ مُلْكًا، وَقَدِ انْقَضَتِ الثَّلَاثُونَ سَنَةً بِخِلَافَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، فَأَيَّامُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَوَّلُ الْمُلْكِ، فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مُلُوكِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَخِيَارِهِمْ. فعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ وَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَا: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ بَدَأَ رَحْمَةً وَنُبُوَّةً، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ رَحْمَةً وَخِلَافَةً، ثُمَّ كَائِنٌ مُلْكًا عَضُوضًا، ثُمَّ كَائِنٌ عُتُوًّا وَجَبْرِيَّةً وَفَسَادًا فِي الْأَرْضِ، يَسْتَحِلُّونَ الْحَرِيرَ وَالْفُرُوجَ وَالْخُمُورَ، وَيُرْزَقُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَيُنْصَرُونَ حَتَّى يَلْقَوُا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ". وعَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا حَمَلَنِي عَلَى الْخِلَافَةِ إِلَّا قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِي: " يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، إِنْ مَلَكْتَ فَأَحْسِنْ ". عن عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَخَذَ الْإِدَاوَةَ فَتَبِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: " يَا مُعَاوِيَةَ، إِنْ وَلَيْتَ أَمْرًا فَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَاعْدِلْ ". قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: فَمَا زِلْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنِّي مُبْتَلًى بِعَمَلٍ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَمِنْهَا حَدِيثُ رَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّكَ إِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ عَوْرَاتِ النَّاسِ أَفْسَدْتَهُمْ ". قَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ: كَلِمَةٌ سَمِعَهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِهَا. وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " الْخِلَافَةُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَالْمُلْكُ بِالشَّامِ ". وَرَوَى مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَبَى الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ رَأَيْتُ عَمُودَ الْكُتَّابِ احْتُمِلَ مِنْ تَحْتِ رَأْسِي، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ مَذْهُوبٌ بِهِ، فَأَتْبَعْتُهُ بِصَرِي فَعُمِدَ بِهِ إِلَى الشَّامِ أَلَا وَإِنَّ الْإِيمَانَ حِينَ تَقَعُ الْفِتَنُ بِالشَّامِ ". وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ يَوْمَ صِفِّينِ: اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: لَا تَسُبَّ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ جَمًّا غَفِيرًا ; فَإِنَّ بِهَا الْأَبْدَالَ، فَإِنَّ بِهَا الْأَبْدَالَ، فَإِنَّ بِهَا الْأَبْدَالَ.
Translation
✧ The days of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān, ؓ, and his reign. In the hadith, the caliphate after him, peace and blessings be upon him, is thirty years, then it becomes kingship. The thirty years were completed with the caliphate of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, so the days of Muʿāwiyah are the beginning of kingship. He is the first of the kings of Islam and the best of them. From Muʿādh b. Jabal and Abū ʿUbaydah, they said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "This matter began as mercy and prophethood, then it will be mercy and caliphate, then it will be a biting kingship, then it will be arrogance, tyranny, and corruption in the earth. They will deem silk, private parts, and wines lawful, and they will be provided for and aided in that until they meet God, Mighty and Majestic." From ʿAbd al-Malik b. ʿUmayr, he said: Muʿāwiyah said: "By God, nothing induced me to the caliphate except the saying of the Messenger of God ﷺ to me: 'O Muʿāwiyah, if you rule, then do good.'" From ʿAmr b. Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, from his grandfather Saʿīd, that Muʿāwiyah took the water vessel and followed the Messenger of God ﷺ. He looked at him and said to him: "O Muʿāwiyah, if you are given authority over a matter, then fear God and be just." Muʿāwiyah said: "I have not ceased to think that I would be tested with a deed because of the saying of the Messenger of God ﷺ." Among them is the hadith of Rāshid b. Saʿd, from Muʿāwiyah, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "If you pursue people's faults, you will corrupt them." Abū al-Dardāʾ said: "A word Muʿāwiyah heard from the Messenger of God ﷺ, and God benefited him by it." From Abū Hurayrah, he said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "The caliphate is in Madinah, and the kingship is in Syria." And it is narrated from the path of Abū Idrīs, from Abū al-Dardāʾ, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "While I was sleeping, I saw the pillar of the book being carried away from under my head. I thought it was being taken away, so I followed it with my eyes, and it was taken to Syria. Indeed, faith, when tribulations occur, will be in Syria." From ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṣafwān, he said: A man said on the day of Ṣiffīn: "O God, curse the people of Syria." ʿAlī said to him: "Do not revile the people of Syria as a whole; for among them are the abdāl, among them are the abdāl, among them are the abdāl."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.