Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2089
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
ولادة الحسن ؓ وفضله خِلَافَةُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ [سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ] أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، سِبْطُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَيْحَانَتُهُ، وَآخِرُ الْخُلَفَاءِ بِنَصِّهِ. أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عِمَرَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: (الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ: اسْمَانِ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، مَا سَمَّتِ الْعَرَبُ بِهِمَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ). وُلِدَ الْحَسَنُ ؓ فِي نِصْفَ رَمَضَانَ، سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَرَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَحَادِيثُ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: عَائِشَةُ ؓ، وَخَلَائِقُ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ؛ مِنْهُمُ: ابْنُهُ الْحَسَنُ، وَأَبُو الْحَوْرَاءِ رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ، وَأَبُو وَائِلٍ. [شَبَهُهُ بِالنَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَذِكْرُ بَعْضِ فَضَائِلِهِ ؓ وَكَانَ شَبِيهًا بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، سَمَّاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْحَسَنَ، وَعَقَّ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ سَابِعِهِ، وَحَلَقَ شَعْرَهُ وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِزِنَةِ شَعْرِهِ فِضَّةً، وَهُوَ خَامِسُ أَهْلِ الْكِسَاءِ. قَالَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ: (لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا الِاسْمُ يُعْرَفُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ). وَقَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ: (إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَجَبَ اسْمَ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ حَتَّى سَمَّى بِهِمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَيْهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: (لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَشْبَهَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ). وَأَخْرَجَ الشَّيْخَانِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْحَسَنُ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ؛ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ». وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْحَسَنُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى النَّاسِ مَرَّةً وَإِلَيْهِ مَرَّةً يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ ابْنِي هَذَا سَيِّدٌ، وَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُصْلِحَ بِهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ». وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «هُمَا رَيْحَانَتَايَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا». يَعْنِي: الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ. وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ». وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَحَسَنٌ وَحُسَيْنٌ عَلَى وِرْكَيْهِ فَقَالَ: «هَذَانِ ابْنَايَ وَابْنَا ابْنَتِي، اللَّهُمَّ، إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُمَا فَأَحِبَّهُمَا، وَأَحِبَّ مَنْ يُحِبُّهُمَا». وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ؟ قَالَ: «الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ». وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَدْ حَمَلَ الْحَسَنَ عَلَى رَقَبَتِهِ، فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: نِعْمَ الْمَرْكَبُ رَكَبْتَ يَا غُلَامُ!! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «وَنِعْمَ الرَّاكِبُ هُوَ». وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: (أَشْبَهُ أَهْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهِ وَأَحَبُّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ: الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، رَأَيْتُهُ يَجِيءُ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ فَيَرْكَبُ رَقَبَتَهُ - أَوْ قَالَ: ظَهْرَهُ، فَمَا يُنْزِلُهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَنْزِلُ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ وَهُوَ رَاكِعٌ، فَيُفَرِّجُ لَهُ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: (كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُدْلِعُ لِسَانَهُ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، فَإِذَا رَأَى الصَّبِيَّ حُمْرَةَ اللِّسَانِ.. يَهِشُّ إِلَيْهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَقْمَرِ قَالَ: قَامَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مَنْ أَزِدْ شَنُوءَةَ فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاضِعَهُ فِي حَبْوَتِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ أَحَبَّنِي.. فَلْيُحِبَّهُ، وَلْيُبْلِغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ». وَلَوْلَا كَرَامَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ... مَا حَدَّثْتُ بِهِ أَحَدًا. كَانَ الْحَسَنُ ؓ لَهُ مَنَاقِبُ كَثِيرَةٌ، سَيِّدًا حَلِيمًا، ذَا سَكِينَةٍ وَوَقَارٍ وَحِشْمَةٍ، جَوَادًا مَمْدُوحًا، يَكْرَهُ الْفِتَنَ وَالسَّيْفَ، تَزَوَّجَ كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ يُجِيزُ الرَّجُلَ الْوَاحِدَ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: (لَقَدْ حَجَّ الْحَسَنُ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ حِجَّةً مَاشِيًا وَإِنَّ النَّجَائِبَ لَتُقَادُ مَعَهُ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: (مَا تَكَلَّمَ عِنْدِي أَحَدٌ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ... أَلَّا يَسْكُتَ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ كَلِمَةَ فُحْشٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا مَرَّةً؛ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ خُصُومَةٌ فِي أَرْضٍ، فَعَرَضَ الْحُسَيْنُ أَمْرًا لَمْ يَرْضَهُ عَمْرٌو، فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا إِلَّا مَا رَغِمَ أَنْفَهُ، قَالَ: فَهَذِهِ أَشَدُّ كَلِمَةِ فُحْشٍ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْهُ). [حِلْمُهُ ؓ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ وَهُوَ أَمِيرٌ وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: (كَانَ مَرْوَانُ أَمِيرًا عَلَيْنَا، فَكَانَ يَسُبُّ عَلِيًّا كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَحَسَنٌ يَسْمَعُ فَلَا يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ لَهُ: بِعَلِيٍّ وَبِعَلِيٍّ وَبِعَلِيٍّ وَبِكَ وَبِكَوَبِكَ، وَمَا وَجَدْتُ مَثَلَكَ إِلَّا مَثَلَ الْبَغْلَةِ يُقَالُ لَهَا: مَنْ أَبُوكِ؟ فَتَقُولُ: أُمِّي الْفَرَسُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ: ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ؛ فَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أَمْحُو عَنْكَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا قُلْتَ بِأَنْ أَسُبَّكَ، وَلَكِنَّ مَوْعِدِي وَمَوْعِدَكَ اللَّهُ؛ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا... جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ بِصِدْقِكَ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ كَاذِبًا... فَاللَّهُ أَشَدُّ نِقْمَةً). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ رُزَيْقِ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ قَالَ: (كَانَ بَيْنَ الْحَسَنِ وَبَيْنَ مَرْوَانَ كَلَامٌ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ، فَجَعَلَ يُغْلِظُ لَهُ، وَحَسَنٌ سَاكِتٌ، فَامْتَخَطَ مَرْوَانُ بِيَمِينِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ: وَيْحَكَ؛ أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ لِلْوَجْهِ وَالشَّمَالِ لِلْفَرْجِ؟! أُفٍّ لَكَ!! فَسَكَتَ مَرْوَانُ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: (جَلَسَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ جَلَسْتَ إِلَيْنَا عَلَى حِينِ قِيَامٍ مِنَّا، أَفَتَأْذَنُ؟) وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ قَالَ: (خَرَجَ الْحَسَنُ مِنْ مَالِهِ لِلَّهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَقَاسَمَ اللَّهَ مَالَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ لَيُعْطِي نَعْلًا وَيُمْسِكُ نَعْلًا، وَيُعْطِي خُفًّا وَيُمْسِكُ خُفًّا). [كَثْرَةُ زَوَاجِهِ وَطَلَاقِهِ لِتَكْثِيرِ نَسْلِهِ ؓ وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ: قَالَ: (كَانَ الْحَسَنُ مِطْلَاقًا لِلنِّسَاءِ، وَكَانَ لَا يُفَارِقُ امْرَأَةً... إِلَّا وَهِيَ تُحِبُّهُ، وَأَحْصَنَ تِسْعِينَ امْرَأَةً). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: (كَانَ الْحَسَنُ يَتَزَوَّجُ وَيُطَّلِقُ، حَتَّى خَشِيتُ أَنْ يُورِثَنَا عَدَاوَةً فِي الْقَبَائِلِ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: (يَا أَهْلَ الْكُوفَةِ؛ لَا تَزَوَّجُوا الْحَسَنَ؛ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ مِطْلَاقٌ)، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَمَدَانَ: وَاللَّهِ لَنُزَوِّجَنَّهُ، فَمَا رَضِيَ... أَمْسَكَ، وَمَا كَرِهَ... طَلَّقَ. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ، قَالَ: (كَانَ الْحَسَنُ رَجُلًا كَثِيرَ نِكَاحِ النِّسَاءِ، وَكُنَّ قَلَّمَا يَحْظَيْنَ عِنْدَهُ، وَكَانَ قَلَّ امْرَأَةٌ تَزَوَّجَهَا إِلَّا أَحَبَّتْهُ وَصَبَتْ بِهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَّةَ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَ: (لَمَّا مَاتَ الْحَسَنُ... بَكَى مَرْوَانُ فِي جِنَازَتِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ حُسَيْنٌ: أَتَبْكِيهِ وَقَدْ كُنْتَ تُجَرِّعُهُ مَا تُجَرِّعُهُ؟! فَقَالَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَحْلَمَ مِنْ هَذَا، وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ الْمُبَرِّدِ قَالَ: (قِيلَ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: إِنَّ أَبَا ذَرٍّ يَقُولُ: الْفَقْرُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْغِنَى، وَالسَّقَمُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ، فَقَالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ!! أَمَّا أَنَا أَقُولُ: مَنِ اتَّكَلَ عَلَى حُسْنِ اخْتِيَارِ اللَّهِ لَهُ... لَمْ يَتَمَنَّ أَنَّهُ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَالَةِ الَّتِي اخْتَارَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، وَهَذَا حَدُّ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى الرِّضَا بِمَا تَصَرَّفَ بِهِ الْقَضَا). [وَفَاةُ الْحَسَنِ ؓ ] تُوُفِّيَ الْحَسَنُ ؓ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَسْمُومًا، سَمَّتْهُ زَوْجَتُهُ جَعْدَةُ بِنْتُ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، دَسَّ إِلَيْهَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَنْ تَسُمَّهُ وَيَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَفَعَلَتْ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ الْحَسَنُ... بَعَثَتْ إِلَى يَزِيدَ تَسْأَلُهُ الْوَفَاءَ بِمَا وَعَدَهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّا لَمْ نَرْضَكَ لِلْحَسَنِ فَنَرْضَاكَ لِأَنْفُسِنَا؟! وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ، وَقِيلَ: فِي خَامِسِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ خَمْسِينَ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَخَمْسِينَ، وَجَهِدَ بِهِ أَخُوهُ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ مَنْ سَقَاهُ، فَلَمْ يُخْبِرْهُ، وَقَالَ: (اللَّهُ أَشَدُّ نِقْمَةً إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَظُنُّ، وَإِلَّا... فَلَا يُقْتَلُ بِي - وَاللَّهِ - بَرِيءٌ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: رَأَى الْحَسَنُ كَأَنَّ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ مَكْتُوبًا: { قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ } فَاسْتَبْشَرَ بِهِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِهِ، فَقَصُّوهَا عَلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَقَالَ: (إِنْ صَدَقَتْ رُؤْيَاهُ.. فَقَلَّ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَجَلِهِ، فَمَا بَقِيَ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا حَتَّى مَاتَ). [كَرَامَةٌ لِمَنْ رَجَا الْخَالِقَ وَلَمْ يَرْجُ الْمَخْلُوقَ] وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي الْمُنْذِرِ هِشَامِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَضَاقَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَكَانَ عَطَاؤُهُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، فَحَبَسَهَا عَنْهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي إِحْدَى السِّنِينَ، فَأَضَاقَ إِضَاقَةً شَدِيدَةً، قَالَ: فَدَعَوْتُ بِدَوَاةٍ لِأَكْتُبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ لِأُذَكِّرَهُ نَفْسِي، ثُمَّ أَمْسَكْتُ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَنَامِ، فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ أَنْتَ يَا حَسَنُ؟» فَقُلْتُ: بِخَيْرٍ يَا أَبَتِ، وَشَكَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ تَأَخُّرَ الْمَالَ عَنِّي، فَقَالَ: «أَدَعَوْتَ بِدَوَاةٍ لِتَكْتُبَ إِلَى مَخْلُوقٍ مِثْلِكَ تُذَكِّرُهُ ذَلِكَ؟!» فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَكَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ؟» فَقَالَ: «قُلِ: اللَّهُمَّ؛ اقْذِفْ فِي قَلْبِي رَجَاءَكَ، وَاقْطَعْ رَجَائِي عَمَّنْ سِوَاكَ حَتَّى لَا أَرْجُوَ أَحَدًا غَيْرَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ وَمَا ضَعُفَتْ عَنْهُ قُوَّتِي، وَقَصُرَ عَنْهُ عَمَلِي، وَلَمْ تَنْتَهِ إِلَيْهِ رَغْبَتِي، وَلَمْ تَبْلُغْهُ مَسْأَلَتِي، وَلَمْ يَجْرِ عَلَى لِسَانِي مِمَّا أَعْطَيْتَ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخِرِينَ مِنَ الْيَقِينِ... فَخُصَّنِي بِهِ يَا رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ». قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ؛ مَا أَلْحَحْتُ بِهِ أُسْبُوعًا حَتَّى بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ مُعَاوِيَةُ بِأَلْفِ أَلْفٍ وَخَمْسِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَقُلْتُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَا يَنْسَى مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ، وَلَا يَخِيبُ مَنْ دَعَاهُ. فَرَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي الْمَنَامِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا حَسَنُ؛ كَيْفَ أَنْتَ؟» فَقُلْتُ: بِخَيْرٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَحَدَّثْتُهُ حَدِيثِي، فَقَالَ: «يَا بُنَيَّ؛ هَكَذَا مَنْ رَجَا الْخَالِقَ وَلَمْ يَرْجُ الْمَخْلُوقَ». [نُصْحُهُ لِأَخِيهِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَتَثْبِيتُ الْحُسَيْنِ لَهُ ؓ ] وَفِي «الطُّيُورِيَّاتِ» عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَارِئِ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ قَالَ: (لَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْحَسَنَ الْوَفَاةُ.. جَزِعَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ: يَا أَخِي؛ مَا هَذَا الْجَزَعُ؟! إِنَّكَ تَرِدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَلَى عَلِيٍّ، وَهُمَا أَبَوَاكَ، وَعَلَى خَدِيجَةَ وَفَاطِمَةَ؛ وَهُمَا أُمَّاكَ، وَعَلَى الْقَاسِمِ وَالطَّاهِرِ، وَهُمَا خَالَاكَ، وَعَلَى حَمْزَةَ وَجَعْفَرَ؛ وَهُمَا عَمَّاكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ: أَيْ أَخِي؛ إِنِّي أَدْخُلُ فِي أَمْرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَدْخُلْ فِي مِثْلِهِ، وَأَرَى خَلْقًا مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَرَ مِثْلَهُ قَطُّ). قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ وُجُوهٍ: (أَنَّهُ لَمَّا احْتُضِرَ.. قَالَ لِأَخِيهِ: يَا أَخِي؛ إِنَّ أَبَاكَ اسْتَشْرَفَ لِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ فَصَرَفَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ اسْتَشْرَفَ لَهَا، فَصُرِفَتْ عَنْهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَشُكَّ وَقْتَ الشُّورَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَعْدُوهُ، فَصُرِفَتْ عَنْهُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ... بُويِعَ، ثُمَّ نُوزِعَ حَتَّى جَرَّدَ السَّيْفَ، فَمَا صَفَتْ لَهُ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ، مَا أَرَى أَنْ يَجْمَعَ اللَّهُ فِينَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْخِلَافَةَ، فَلَا أَعْرِفَنَّ مَا اسْتَخْلَفَكَ سُفَهَاءُ الْكُوفَةِ فَأَخْرَجُوكَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ طَلَبْتُ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنْ أُدْفَنَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، فَإِذَا مُتُّ... فَاطْلُبْ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهَا، وَمَا أَظُنُّ الْقَوْمَ إِلَّا سَيَمْنَعُونَكَ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا.. فَلَا تُرَاجِعْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ... أَتَى الْحُسَيْنُ عَائِشَةَ ؓ فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ وَكَرَامَةٌ، فَمَنَعَهُمْ مَرْوَانُ، فَلَبِسَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ السِّلَاحَ حَتَّى رَدَّهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، ثُمَّ دُفِنَ فِي الْبَقِيعِ إِلَى جَنْبِ أُمِّهِ ؓ ).
Translation
✧ The birth of al-Ḥasan ؓ and his virtues The caliphate of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ [Six months] Abū Muḥammad, the grandson of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his fragrant flower, and the last of the caliphs according to his explicit statement. Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿImrān b. Sulaymān, who said: (Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn are two names from the names of the people of Paradise; the Arabs did not name with them in the pre-Islamic era). Al-Ḥasan ؓ was born in the middle of Ramaḍān, in the year three of the Hijrah, and he narrated aḥādīth from the Prophet ﷺ. Narrated from him: ʿĀʾishah ؓ, and multitudes of the Successors; among them: his son al-Ḥasan, Abū al-Ḥawrāʾ Rabīʿah b. Shaybān, al-Shaʿbī, and Abū Wāʾil. [His resemblance to the Prophet ﷺ and mention of some of his virtues ؓ And he resembled the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ named him al-Ḥasan, offered ʿaqīqah for him on his seventh day, shaved his hair, and ordered that silver equal to the weight of his hair be given in charity. He is the fifth of the People of the Cloak. Al-ʿAskarī said: (This name was not known in the pre-Islamic era). Al-Mufaḍḍal said: (Indeed Allah concealed the names al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn until the Prophet ﷺ named his two sons with them). Al-Bukhārī reported from Anas, who said: (There was no one more resembling the Prophet ﷺ than al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī). The two Shaykhs reported from al-Barāʾ, who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with al-Ḥasan on his shoulder, and he was saying: «O Allah, indeed I love him, so love him». Al-Bukhārī reported from Abū Bakrah, who said: I heard the Prophet ﷺ on the pulpit with al-Ḥasan at his side, looking at the people once and at him once, saying: «Indeed this son of mine is a chief, and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two groups of the Muslims». Al-Bukhārī reported from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Prophet ﷺ said: «They are my two fragrant flowers from this world», meaning al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn. Al-Tirmidhī and al-Ḥākim reported from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn are the chiefs of the youths of the people of Paradise». Al-Tirmidhī reported from Usāmah b. Zayd, who said: I saw the Prophet ﷺ with Ḥasan and Ḥusayn on his thighs, and he said: «These are my two sons and the two sons of my daughter. O Allah, indeed I love them, so love them, and love those who love them». And it was reported from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked: Which of your household is most beloved to you? He said: «Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn». Al-Ḥākim reported from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Prophet ﷺ came carrying al-Ḥasan on his neck, and a man met him and said: What a fine mount you have ridden, O boy!! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «And what a fine rider he is». Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, who said: (The one among the Prophet's family ﷺ who most resembled him and was most beloved to him was al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. I saw him come while the Prophet was prostrating, and he would climb on his neck — or he said: his back — and he would not put him down until he himself got down. And I saw him while he was bowing, and he would spread his legs for him so that he could come out from the other side). Ibn Saʿd reported from Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who said: (The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would stick out his tongue for al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, and when the boy saw the redness of the tongue, he would become excited and go to him). Al-Ḥākim reported from Zuhayr b. al-Aqmar, who said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī stood to give a sermon, and a man from Azd Shanūʾah stood and said: I bear witness that I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ placing him in his lap and saying: «Whoever loves me, let him love him, and let the one present convey to the one absent». Had it not been for the honor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would not have narrated it to anyone. Al-Ḥasan ؓ had many merits: he was a noble, forbearing chief, possessing tranquility, dignity, and modesty, generous and praised, who disliked dissension and the sword. He married many women, and he would give a single man one hundred thousand. Al-Ḥākim reported from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr, who said: (Al-Ḥasan performed twenty-five pilgrimages on foot, while the excellent camels were led with him). Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿUmayr b. Isḥāq, who said: (No one spoke in my presence whose speech I loved more — that he should not stop — than al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, and I never heard a foul word from him except once; for there was a dispute between al-Ḥusayn and ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān over land, and al-Ḥusayn proposed something that ʿAmr did not approve of, so al-Ḥasan said: He has nothing from us except what rubs his nose in the dust. He said: That was the foulest word I ever heard from him). [His forbearance ؓ toward Marwān while he was governor Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿUmayr b. Isḥāq, who said: (Marwān was governor over us, and he would curse ʿAlī every Friday on the pulpit while Ḥasan listened and did not reply at all. Then he sent a man to him saying: By ʿAlī and by ʿAlī and by ʿAlī and by you and by your father, I find your likeness only like that of a mule: it is said to it, 'Who is your father?' and it says, 'My mother is a horse.' So al-Ḥasan said to the messenger: Go back to him and say: By Allah, I will not erase anything of what you said by cursing you, but my appointment and your appointment is with Allah. If you are truthful, may Allah reward you for your truthfulness; and if you are lying, then Allah is more severe in retribution). Ibn Saʿd reported from Ruzayq b. Sawwār, who said: (There were words between al-Ḥasan and Marwān, and Marwān turned to him and began to speak harshly to him while Ḥasan remained silent. Marwān blew his nose with his right hand, so al-Ḥasan said to him: Woe to you! Do you not know that the right hand is for the face and the left for the private part? Fie on you!! So Marwān fell silent). Ibn Saʿd reported from Ashʿath b. Sawwār, from a man who said: (A man sat with al-Ḥasan and said: You have sat with us at a time when we were about to leave; will you permit?) Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿAlī b. Zayd b. Judʿān, who said: (Al-Ḥasan gave away all his property for Allah twice, and he divided his property with Allah three times, until he would give a sandal and keep a sandal, and give a leather sock and keep a leather sock). [His frequent marriages and divorces to increase his progeny ؓ Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, who said: (Al-Ḥasan was a frequent divorcer of women, and he would not part with a woman except that she loved him, and he married ninety women). Ibn Saʿd reported from Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father, who said: (Al-Ḥasan used to marry and divorce, until I feared that he would bring upon us enmity among the tribes). Ibn Saʿd reported from Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father, who said: ʿAlī said: (O people of Kufa, do not marry al-Ḥasan, for he is a frequent divorcer). A man from Hamadān said: By Allah, we will marry him. Whatever pleased him, he kept, and whatever he disliked, he divorced. Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan, who said: (Al-Ḥasan was a man who married many women, and they rarely found favor with him, and there was rarely a woman he married who did not love him and become infatuated with him). Ibn ʿAsākir reported from Juwayriyah b. Asmāʾ, who said: (When al-Ḥasan died, Marwān wept at his funeral, so al-Ḥusayn said to him: Do you weep for him when you used to make him swallow what you made him swallow?! He said: I used to do that to one more forbearing than this, and he pointed with his hand to the mountain). Ibn ʿAsākir reported from al-Mubarrad, who said: (It was said to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: Abū Dharr says: Poverty is more beloved to me than wealth, and sickness is more beloved to me than health. He said: May Allah have mercy on Abū Dharr!! As for me, I say: Whoever relies on the goodness of Allah's choice for him does not wish that he were in a state other than that which Allah chose for him, and this is the limit of standing upon contentment with what the divine decree has brought about). [The death of al-Ḥasan ؓ] Al-Ḥasan ؓ died in Madinah poisoned. His wife Jaʿdah bt. al-Ashʿath b. Qays poisoned him; Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah secretly incited her to poison him and that he would marry her, and she did so. When al-Ḥasan died, she sent to Yazīd asking him to fulfill what he had promised her, and he said: We did not consider you suitable for al-Ḥasan, so should we consider you suitable for ourselves?! His death was in the year forty-nine; it is also said: on the fifth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal in the year fifty; and it is said: in the year fifty-one. His brother urged him to inform him who gave him the poison, but he did not inform him, and said: (Allah is more severe in retribution if it is the one I think; otherwise, by Allah, no innocent person should be killed because of me). Ibn Saʿd reported from ʿImrān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭalḥah, who said: Al-Ḥasan saw as if written between his eyes: {Say: He is Allah, the One} [Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ: 1], and his household rejoiced at it. They related it to Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, and he said: (If his vision is true, then little remains of his term, and only days remained until he died). [A miracle for one who hoped in the Creator and did not hope in the created] Al-Bayhaqī and Ibn ʿAsākir reported from the route of Abū al-Mundhir Hishām b. Muḥammad, from his father, who said: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī fell into hardship, and his stipend each year was one hundred thousand, but Muʿāwiyah withheld it from him in one of the years, and he fell into severe hardship. He said: So I called for an inkwell to write to Muʿāwiyah to remind him of myself, then I held back. Then I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a dream, and he said: «How are you, O Ḥasan?» I said: Fine, O father, and I complained to him about the delay of the money from me. He said: «Did you call for an inkwell to write to a creature like yourself to remind him of that?!» I said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah, so what should I do?» He said: «Say: O Allah, cast into my heart hope in You, and cut off my hope from anyone other than You, so that I hope in no one but You. O Allah, whatever my strength is too weak for, and my deeds fall short of, and my desire does not reach, and my request does not attain, and has not run upon my tongue — of the certainty that You have given to anyone of the earlier and later peoples — grant it specifically to me, O Lord of the worlds». He said: By Allah, I had not persisted in it for a week before Muʿāwiyah sent me one million and five hundred thousand. I said: Praise be to Allah who does not forget the one who remembers Him, and does not disappoint the one who calls upon Him. Then I saw the Prophet ﷺ in a dream, and he said: «O Ḥasan, how are you?» I said: Fine, O Messenger of Allah, and I told him my story. He said: «O my son, thus is the one who hopes in the Creator and does not hope in the created». [His advice to his brother al-Ḥusayn and al-Ḥusayn's reassurance to him ؓ] In "al-Ṭuyūriyyāt" from Sulaym b. ʿĪsā, the Qurʾān reciter of the people of Kufa, who said: (When death came to al-Ḥasan, he became distressed, so al-Ḥusayn said to him: O my brother, what is this distress?! Indeed you are going to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and to ʿAlī, and they are your two fathers, and to Khadījah and Fāṭimah, and they are your two mothers, and to al-Qāsim and al-Ṭāhir, and they are your two maternal uncles, and to Ḥamzah and Jaʿfar, and they are your two paternal uncles. So al-Ḥasan said to him: O my brother, indeed I am entering into a matter of Allah's affairs the like of which I have never entered, and I see creatures of Allah's creation the like of which I have never seen before). Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said: We have narrated from several sources: (When he was dying, he said to his brother: O my brother, indeed your father aspired to this matter [the caliphate], but Allah turned it away from him, and Abū Bakr took charge of it. Then he aspired to it, but it was turned away from him to ʿUmar. Then at the time of the shūrā he did not doubt that it would not pass him by, but it was turned away from him to ʿUthmān. When ʿUthmān was killed, allegiance was given to him, then he was disputed until he drew the sword, but it was not pure for him. By Allah, I do not think that Allah will combine prophethood and caliphate in us. Do not let me know that the fools of Kufa have made you their caliph and then driven you out. I had asked ʿĀʾishah ؓ to bury me with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she said: Yes. So when I die, ask her for that, though I think the people will only prevent you. If they do, do not argue with them. When he died, al-Ḥusayn went to ʿĀʾishah ؓ and she said: Yes, with honor. Marwān prevented them, so al-Ḥusayn and those with him put on their weapons until Abū Hurayrah turned him back. Then he was buried in al-Baqīʿ beside his mother ؓ).
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