Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2086
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ أَرْبَعِينَ ذكر سَرِيَّةِ بُسْرِ بْنِ أَبِي أَرْطَاةَ إِلَى الْحِجَازِ وَالْيَمَنِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بُسْرَ بْنَ أَبِي أَرْطَاةَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، فِي ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَبِهَا أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَامِلُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهَا، فَهَرَبَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ فَأَتَى عَلِيًّا بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَدَخَلَ بُسْرٌ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلْهُ أَحَدٌ، فَصَعِدَ مِنْبَرَهَا فَنَادَى عَلَيْهِ: يَا دِينَارُ، يَا نَجَّارُ، يَا زُرَيْقُ ! وَهَذِهِ بُطُونٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، شَيْخِي شَيْخِي، عَهِدْتُهُ هَاهُنَا بِالْأَمْسِ، فَأَيْنَ هُوَ ؟ يَعْنِي عُثْمَانَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا مَا عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ مُعَاوِيَةُ مَا تَرَكْتُ بِهَا مُحْتَلِمًا. فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا لَكَمَ عِنْدِي أَمَانٌ حَتَّى تَأْتُونِي بِجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ! فَانْطَلَقَ جَابِرٌ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهَا: مَاذَا تَرَيْنَ ؟ إِنَّ هَذِهِ بَيْعَةُ ضَلَالَةٍ، وَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ أُقْتَلَ. قَالَتْ: أَرَى أَنْ تُبَايِعَ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ أَمَرْتُ ابْنِي عُمَرَ وَخَتَنِي ابْنَ زَمْعَةَ أَنْ يُبَايِعَا، وَكَانَتِ ابْنَتُهَا زَيْنَبُ تَحْتَ ابْنِ زَمْعَةَ، فَأَتَاهُ جَابِرٌ فَبَايَعَهُ. وَهَدَمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ دُورًا ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَخَافَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ، وَأَكْرَهَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْبَيْعَةِ. مقتل أولاد عبيد الله بن عباس على يد بسر بن أرطأة ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَامِلًا لِعَلِيٍّ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ بِالْكُوفَةِ. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلِيٌّ [ عَلَى ] الْيَمَنِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُدَانِ الْحَارِثِيَّ، فَأَتَاهُ بُسْرٌ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَقَتَلَ ابْنَهُ، وَأَخَذَ ابْنَيْنِ لِعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ صَغِيرَيْنِ هَمَا: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَقُثَمُ فَقَتَلَهُمَا، وَكَانَا عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ كِنَانَةٍ بِالْبَادِيَةِ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُمَا قَالَ لَهُ الْكِنَانِيُّ: لِمَ تَقْتُلُ هَذَيْنِ وَلَا ذَنْبَ لَهُمَا ؟ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَاتِلَهُمَا فَاقْتُلْنِي مَعَهُمَا ! فَقَتَلَهُ وَقَتَلَهُمَا بَعْدَهُ. وَقِيلَ إِنَّ الْكِنَانِيَّ أَخَذَ سَيْفَهُ وَقَاتَلَ عَنِ الْغُلَامَيْنِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: اللَّيْثُ مَنْ يَمْنَعُ حَافَاتِ الدَّارِ وَلَا يَزَالُ مُصْلِتًا دُونَ الْجَارِ وَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. وَأَخَذَ الْغُلَامَيْنِ فَدَفَنَهُمَا. فَخَرَجَ نِسْوَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ: يَا هَذَا ! قَتَلْتَ الرِّجَالَ فَعَلَامَ تَقْتُلُ هَذَيْنِ ؟ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانُوا يُقْتَلُونَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ ! وَاللَّهِ يَا ابْنَ أَبِي أَرْطَاةَ إِنَّ سُلْطَانًا لَا يَقُومُ إِلَّا بِقَتْلِ الصَّبِيِّ الصَّغِيرِ، وَالشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ، وَنَزْعِ الرَّحْمَةِ، وَعُقُوقِ الْأَرْحَامِ لَسُلْطَانُ سُوءٍ ! وَقَتَلَ بُسْرٌ فِي مَسِيرِهِ ذَلِكَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ شِيعَةِ عَلِيٍّ بِالْيَمَنِ، وَبَلَغَ عَلِيًّا الْخَبَرُ، فَأَرْسَلَ جَارِيَةَ بْنَ قُدَامَةَ السَّعْدِيَّ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ، وَوَهْبَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ، فَسَارَ جَارِيَةُ حَتَّى أَتَى نَجْرَانَ، فَقَتَلَ بِهَا نَاسًا مِنْ شِيعَةِ عُثْمَانَ، وَهَرَبَ بُسْرٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مِنْهُ، وَاتَّبَعَهُ جَارِيَةُ حَتَّى أَتَى مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ: بَايِعُوا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَقَالُوا: قَدْ هَلَكَ فَلِمَنْ نُبَايِعُ ؟ قَالَ: لِمَنْ بَايَعَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُ عَلِيٍّ. فَبَايَعُوا خَوْفًا مِنْهُ. ثُمَّ سَارَ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ جَارِيَةُ: لَوْ وَجَدْتُ أَبَا سِنَّوْرٍ لَقَتَلْتُهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ: بَايِعُوا الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ فَبَايَعُوهُ، وَأَقَامَ يَوْمَهُ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَرَجَعَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ. دعاء علي ؓ على بسر بن أرطأة وَكَانَتْ أُمَّ ابْنَيْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أُمُّ الْحَكَمِ جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ قَارِظٍ، ( وَقِيلَ: عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُدَانِ ). فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ وَلَدَاهَا وَلِهَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَكَانَتْ لَا تَعْقِلْ وَلَا تُصْفِي، وَلَا تَزَالُ تَنْشُدُهُمَا فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ فَتَقُولُ: يَا مَنْ أَحَسَّ بُنَيَّيَّ اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا كَالدُّرَّتَيْنِ تَشَظَّى عَنْهُمَا الصَّدَفُ يَا مَنْ أَحَسَّ بُنَيَّيَّ اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا مُخُّ الْعِظَامِ فَمُخِّي الْيَوْمَ مُزْدَهَفُ يَا مَنْ أَحَسَّ بُنَيَّيَّ اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا قَلْبِي وَسَمْعِي فَقَلْبِي الْيَوْمَ مُخْتَطَفُ مِنْ ذُلِّ وَالِهَةٍ حَيْرَى مُدَلَّهَةٍ عَلَى صَبِيَّيْنِ ذُلَّا إِذْ غَدَا السَّلَفُ نُبِّئْتُ بُسْرًا وَمَا صَدَّقْتُ مَا زَعَمُوا مِنْ إِفْكِهِمْ وَمِنَ الْقَوْلِ الَّذِي اقْتَرَفُوا أَحَنَى عَلَى وَدِجَيْ إبْنَيَّ مُرْهَفَةً مِنَ الشِّفَارِ، كَذَاكَ الْإِثْمُ يُقْتَرَفُ وَهِيَ أَبْيَاتٌ مَشْهُورَةٌ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِقَتْلِهِمَا جَزِعَ جَزَعًا شَدِيدًا وَدَعَا عَلَى بُسْرٍ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اسْلُبْهُ دِينَهُ وَعَقْلَهُ ! فَأَصَابَهُ ذَلِكَ وَفَقَدَ عَقْلَهُ، فَكَانَ يَهْذِي بِالسَّيْفِ وَيَطْلُبُهُ فَيُؤْتَى بِسَيْفٍ مِنْ خَشَبٍ، وَيُجْعَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ زِقٌّ مَنْفُوخٌ، فَلَا يَزَالُ يَضْرِبُهُ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى مَاتَ. اجتماع عبيد الله بن عباس مع بسر عند معاوية وَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ الْأَمْرُ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعِنْدَهُ بُسْرٌ، فَقَالَ لِبُسْرٍ: وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ أَنْبَتَتْنِي عِنْدَكَ حِينَ قَتَلْتَ وَلَدَيَّ. فَقَالَ بُسْرٌ: هَاكَ سَيْفِي. فَأَهْوَى عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ لِيَتَنَاوَلَهُ فَأَخَذَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَقَالَ لِبُسْرٍ: أَخْزَاكَ اللَّهُ شَيْخًا قَدْ خَرِفْتَ ! وَاللَّهِ لَوْ تَمَكَّنَ مِنْهُ لَبَدَأَ بِي ! قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ: أَجَلْ، ثُمَّ ثَنَّيْتُ بِهِ. ( سَلِمَةُ: بِكَسْرِ اللَّامِ، بَطْنٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ). وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ مَسِيرَ بُسْرٍ إِلَى الْحِجَازِ كَانَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ، فَأَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ شَهْرًا يَسْتَعْرِضُ النَّاسَ، لَا يُقَالُ لَهُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ إِنَّهُ شَرِكَ فِي دَمِ عُثْمَانَ إِلَّا قَتَلَهُ. المهادنة بين معاوية وعلي ؓ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ جَرَتْ بَيْنَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ مُهَادَنَةٌ بَعْدَ مُكَاتَبَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ عَلَى وَضْعِ الْحَرْبِ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَيَكُونُ لِعَلِيٍّ الْعِرَاقُ، وَلِمُعَاوِيَةَ الشَّامُ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِي حَمْلَةٍ بِجَيْشٍ وَلَا غَارَةٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: لَمَّا لَمْ يُعْطِ أَحَدُ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ صَاحِبَهُ الطَّاعَةَ، كَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ: أَمَّا إِذَا شِئْتَ فَلَكَ الْعِرَاقُ وَلِي الشَّامُ، وَكُفَّ هَذَا السَّيْفَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَلَا تُرِقْ دِمَاءَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ، وَتَرَاضَوْا عَلَى ذَلِكَ. خروج عبد الله بن العباس من البصرة وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ وَلَحِقَ بِمَكَّةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ جَرَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ كَلَامٌ، فَكَتَبَ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ: إِنَّ ابْنَ عَمِّكَ قَدْ أَكَلَ مَا تَحْتَ يَدِهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِكَ، فَلَمْ يَسَعْنِي كِتْمَانُكَ ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ بَاطِلٌ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: فَأَعْلِمْنِي مَا أَخَذْتَ؟ وَمِنْ أَيْنَ أَخَذْتَ؟ وَفِيمَ وَضَعْتَ؟ فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: ابْعَثْ إِلَى عَمَلِكَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ، فَإِنِّي ظَاعِنٌ [عَنْهُ]. وَرَحَلَ بِمَالٍ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: كَانَتْ أَرْزَاقًا قَدِ اجْتَمَعَتْ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: إِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ، فَشَخَصَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ فَشَهِدَ الصُّلْحَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ وَثِقْلُهُ بِهَا فَحَمَلَهُ وَحَمَلَ مَالًا مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ قَلِيلًا، وَقَالَ: هِيَ أَرْزَاقِي. وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ هَذَا وَقَالَ: إِنَّ عَلِيًّا قُتِلَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَكَّةَ، وَإِنَّ الَّذِي شَهِدَ الصُّلْحَ بَيْنَ الْحَسَنِ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ. من حج بالناس في هذه السنة وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ - أَعْنِي سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ - الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ. مبايعة معاوية بإيلياء قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بُويِعَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ بِإِيلِيَاءَ. يَعْنِي لَمَّا مَاتَ عَلِيٌّ قَامَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ فَبَايَعُوا مُعَاوِيَةَ عَلَى إِمْرَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ عِنْدَهُمْ مُنَازِعٌ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَقَامَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ، لِيُمَانِعُوا بِهِ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ، فَلَمْ يُتِمَّ لَهُمْ مَا أَرَادُوهُ وَمَا حَاوَلُوهُ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ خِذْلَانُهُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ تَدْبِيرِهِمُ السَّيِّئِ وَآرَائِهِمُ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ الْمُخَالِفَةِ لِأُمَرَائِهِمْ، وَلَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ لَعَظَّمُوا مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ مُبَايَعَتِهِمُ ابْنَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَسَيِّدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَحَدَ عُلَمَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَحُلَمَائِهِمْ وَذَوَى آرَائِهِمْ. وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَحَدُ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَوْرَدْنَاهُ فِي دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ سَفِينَةَ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " الْخِلَافَةُ بَعْدِي ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ مُلْكًا ". وَإِنَّمَا كَمَلَتِ الثَّلَاثُونَ بِخِلَافَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ، فَإِنَّهُ نَزَلَ عَنِ الْخِلَافَةِ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَأَرْبَعِينَ، وَذَلِكَ كَمَالُ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً مِنْ مَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ; فَإِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَهَذَا مِنْ أَكْبَرِ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ، وَقَدْ مَدَحَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى صَنِيعِهِ هَذَا، وَهُوَ تَرْكُهُ الدُّنْيَا الْفَانِيَةَ، وَرَغْبَتُهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ الْبَاقِيَةِ، وَحَقْنُهُ دِمَاءَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، فَنَزَلَ عَنِ الْخِلَافَةِ وَجَعَلَ الْمُلْكَ بِيَدِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، حَتَّى تَجْتَمِعَ الْكَلِمَةُ عَلَى أَمِيرٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَهَذَا الْمَدْحُ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَسَنُورِدُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ الثَّقَفِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ يَوْمًا، وَجَلَسَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ، فَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى النَّاسِ مَرَّةً وَإِلَيْهِ أُخْرَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ ابْنِي هَذَا سَيِّدٌ، وَسَيُصْلِحُ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ عَظِيمَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ". وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ. وَكَانَ عَامِلَهُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ قُثَمُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَعَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَقِيلَ سَهْلُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ حَتَّى كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ بُسْرِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ. وَكَانَ عَامِلَهُ عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ عَلَى خِلَافٍ قَدْ سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ.
Translation
✧ Then the year forty began. Mention of the expedition of Busr b. Abī Arṭāh to the Ḥijāz and Yemen In this year Muʿāwiyah sent Busr b. Abī Arṭāh—he was of ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy—with three thousand men. He marched until he reached al-Madīnah, where Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī was ʿAlī’s governor over it. Abū Ayyūb fled and came to ʿAlī in al-Kūfah. Busr entered al-Madīnah, and no one fought him. He ascended its pulpit and called out from it: “O Dīnār, O Najjār, O Zurayq!”—these are clans of the Anṣār—“my elder, my elder! I knew him here yesterday; where is he?”—meaning ʿUthmān. Then he said: “By God, were it not for what Muʿāwiyah had enjoined upon me, I would not have left in it any who had reached puberty.” He sent to the Banū Salimah and said: “By God, you have no assurance of safety from me until you bring me Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh!” So Jābir went to Umm Salamah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ, and said to her: “What do you think? This is an oath of allegiance of misguidance, and I fear that I shall be killed.” She said: “I think that you should pledge allegiance, for I have commanded my son ʿUmar and my son-in-law Ibn Zamʿah to pledge allegiance”—her daughter Zaynab was married to Ibn Zamʿah. So Jābir came to him and pledged allegiance to him. He demolished houses in al-Madīnah, then marched to Makkah. Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī feared that he would kill him, so he fled from him, and he compelled the people to pledge allegiance. The killing of the children of ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās at the hands of Busr b. Arṭāh Then he marched to Yemen, over which ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās was ʿAlī’s governor. He fled from him to ʿAlī in al-Kūfah. ʿAlī appointed over Yemen ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Mudān al-Ḥārithī. Busr came to him and killed him and killed his son. He seized two young sons of ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, namely ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and Qutham, and killed them. They had been with a man of Kinānah in the desert. When he intended to kill them, the Kinānī said to him: “Why do you kill these two, who have committed no offense? If you are going to kill them, then kill me along with them!” So he killed him, and killed them after him. It is said that the Kinānī took his sword and fought in defense of the two boys, saying: The lion is he who defends the skirts of the abode, and ceases not to stand with drawn sword in defense of the neighbor. He fought until he was killed. He took the two boys and buried them. Some women of Banū Kinānah came out, and one of them said: “You there! You have killed the men, so why do you kill these two? By God, they would not have been killed in the Jāhiliyyah or in Islam! By God, O son of Abī Arṭāh, a dominion that is established only by killing a small child and an aged elder, by removing mercy, and by severing kinship ties is an evil dominion!” Busr killed in that march of his a group of ʿAlī’s partisans in Yemen. The news reached ʿAlī, so he sent Jāriyah b. Qudāmah al-Saʿdī with two thousand and Wahb b. Masʿūd with two thousand. Jāriyah marched until he came to Najrān, where he killed people among the partisans of ʿUthmān. Busr and his companions fled from him, and Jāriyah pursued him until he reached Makkah. He said: “Pledge allegiance to the Commander of the Faithful.” They said: “He has perished, so to whom shall we pledge allegiance?” He said: “To the one to whom ʿAlī’s companions pledged allegiance.” So they pledged allegiance out of fear of him. Then he marched until he came to al-Madīnah, while Abū Hurayrah was leading the people in prayer. He fled from him. Jāriyah said: “Had I found Abū Sinnawr, I would have killed him.” Then he said to the people of al-Madīnah: “Pledge allegiance to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī.” So they pledged allegiance to him. He stayed for that day, then returned to al-Kūfah, and Abū Hurayrah returned to lead them in prayer. ʿAlī’s supplication ؓ against Busr b. Arṭāh The mother of the two sons of ʿUbayd Allāh was Umm al-Ḥakam Juwayriyah bt. Khuwaylid b. Qāriẓ (and it is said: ʿĀʾishah bt. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Mudān). When her two sons were killed, she was bereft over them. She would not regain her reason nor recover, and she kept lamenting them at the pilgrimage seasons, saying: O you who have heard of my two little sons, who were like two pearls from which the shell has been shattered. O you who have heard of my two little sons, who were the marrow of my bones, and today my marrow is snatched away. O you who have heard of my two little sons, who were my heart and my hearing, and today my heart is snatched away. From the abasement of a bereft woman, bewildered and distracted, over two little boys abased when the company went forth. I was told of Busr, and I did not believe what they claimed of their falsehood and of the saying they had committed. He bent over the jugular veins of my two sons with sharp blades; thus sin is committed. These are well-known verses. When the Commander of the Faithful heard of their killing, he was deeply grieved and supplicated against Busr, saying: “O God, strip him of his religion and his reason!” That befell him, and he lost his reason. He would rave about the sword and demand it, and a wooden sword would be brought to him and an inflated waterskin placed before him, and he would keep striking it. He remained thus until he died. The meeting of ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās with Busr in the presence of Muʿāwiyah When affairs became settled for Muʿāwiyah, ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās entered upon him while Busr was with him. He said to Busr: “I wish the earth had swallowed me up before you killed my two sons.” Busr said: “Here, take my sword.” ʿUbayd Allāh reached out to take it, but Muʿāwiyah took it and said to Busr: “May God disgrace you, an old man who has become senile! By God, if he had gotten hold of it, he would have begun with me!” ʿUbayd Allāh said: “Yes, and then I would have followed with him.” (Salimah: with kasrah on the lām, a clan of the Anṣār). It is said that Busr’s march to the Ḥijāz was in the year forty-two. He stayed in al-Madīnah for a month, exposing the people; if anyone was said to have participated in the blood of ʿUthmān, he killed him. The truce between Muʿāwiyah and ʿAlī ؓ In this year a truce took place between ʿAlī ؓ and Muʿāwiyah, after many correspondences, to lay down war between them: ʿAlī would have Iraq and Muʿāwiyah would have Syria, and neither of them would enter upon the other with an army or a raid. Ibn Isḥāq said: When neither of the two parties gave obedience to the other, Muʿāwiyah wrote to ʿAlī ؓ: “Now then, if you wish, Iraq is yours and Syria is mine. Withhold this sword from this community and do not shed the blood of the Muslims.” ʿAlī ؓ did that, and they agreed upon it. The departure of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās from al-Baṣrah In this year ʿAbd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās left al-Baṣrah and joined Makkah. That was because words passed between him and Abū al-Aswad. Abū al-Aswad wrote to ʿAlī ؓ: “Your cousin has consumed what is under his authority without your knowledge, and I could not refrain from informing you of that.” So he wrote to Ibn ʿAbbās about that, and Ibn ʿAbbās wrote: “What has reached you is false.” He wrote to him: “Then inform me what you took, from where you took it, and on what you spent it.” Ibn ʿAbbās wrote: “Send to your province whom you will, for I am departing from it.” And he departed with wealth. Abū ʿUbaydah said: They were stipends that had accumulated. Abū ʿUbaydah said in another narration: Ibn ʿAbbās did not leave al-Baṣrah until ʿAlī ؓ was killed. Then he went to al-Ḥasan and witnessed the peace agreement between him and Muʿāwiyah. Then he returned to al-Baṣrah, while his heavy baggage was there, and he carried it off, and he carried a little wealth from the public treasury, saying: “It is my stipends.” Al-Madāʾinī rejected this and said: ʿAlī was killed while Ibn ʿAbbās was in Makkah, and the one who witnessed the peace agreement between al-Ḥasan and Muʿāwiyah was ʿUbayd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās. Who led the people in the pilgrimage this year In this year—I mean the year forty—al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah led the people in the pilgrimage. The pledge of allegiance to Muʿāwiyah in Īliyāʾ Ibn Jarīr said: In this year allegiance was pledged to Muʿāwiyah in Īliyāʾ. That is, when ʿAlī died, the people of Syria arose and pledged allegiance to Muʿāwiyah as Commander of the Faithful, because no contender remained for him among them. At that point the people of Iraq set up al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī ؓ to contend with the people of Syria, but what they wanted and attempted did not come to pass for them. Their failure came from their own bad management and their conflicting opinions that opposed their commanders. Had they known, they would have esteemed what God had bestowed upon them in their pledging allegiance to the son of the daughter of the Messenger of God ﷺ, the master of the Muslims, one of the learned men of the Companions and their forbearing ones and those of sound judgment. The proof that he was one of the rightly guided caliphs is the ḥadīth we cited in the Proofs of Prophethood through several paths from Safīnah, the freedman of the Messenger of God ﷺ, that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “The caliphate after me is thirty years, then it becomes kingship.” The thirty years were completed only by the caliphate of al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī ؓ, for he relinquished the caliphate to Muʿāwiyah in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of the year forty-one, which is the completion of thirty years from the death of the Messenger of God ﷺ; for he died in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of the year eleven of the Hijrah. This is one of the greatest proofs of prophethood. The Messenger of God ﷺ praised him for this action of his—his abandoning the fleeting world, his desire for the everlasting hereafter, and his sparing the blood of this community—so he relinquished the caliphate and placed the kingship in the hand of Muʿāwiyah, so that the word might unite under one commander. This praise we have mentioned previously, and we shall cite it in the ḥadīth of Abū Bakrah al-Thaqafī, that the Messenger of God ﷺ ascended the pulpit one day and al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī sat beside him. He kept looking at the people once and at him another time, then said: “O people, this son of mine is a sayyid, and God will reconcile through him two great factions of the Muslims.” In this year ʿAlī ؓ was killed. His governor over Makkah and al-Ṭāʾif in this year was Qutham b. al-ʿAbbās, and over al-Madīnah Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī; it is said Sahl b. Ḥunayf until the affair of Busr b. Arṭāh occurred, as previously mentioned. His governor over al-Baṣrah was ʿAbd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās, according to a dispute already mentioned.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.