Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2084
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
تغسيل ودفن علي ؓ والصلاة عليه وَلَمَّا مَاتَ عَلِيٌّ وَلِيَ غُسْلَهُ وَدَفْنَهُ أَهْلُهُ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ابْنُهُ الْحَسَنُ فَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعًا وَقِيلَ: أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَدُفِنَ عَلِيٌّ بِدَارِ الْخِلَافَةِ بِالْكُوفَةِ. وَقِيلَ: تُجَاهَ الْجَامِعِ مِنَ الْقِبْلَةِ، فِي حُجْرَةٍ مِنْ دُورِ آلِ جَعْدَةَ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ بِحِذَاءِ بَابِ الْوَرَّاقِينَ. وَقِيلَ: بِظَاهِرِ الْكُوفَةِ. وَقِيلَ: بِالْكُنَاسَةِ. وَقِيلَ: دُفِنَ بِالثَّوِيَّةِ. وَقَالَ شَرِيكٌ الْقَاضِي وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ: نَقَلَهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بَعْدَ صُلْحِهِ مَعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَنَهُ بِالْبَقِيعِ إِلَى جَانِبِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ دَأْبٍ: بَلْ لَمَّا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَحْمِلُوهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لِيَدْفِنُوهُ بِهَا جَعَلُوهُ فِي صُنْدُوقٍ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، فَلَمَّا مَرُّوا بِهِ بِبِلَادِ طَيِّئٍ أَضَلُّوا الْبَعِيرَ، فَأَخَذَتْ طَيِّئٌ ذَلِكَ الْبَعِيرَ بِمَا عَلَيْهِ يَحْسَبُونَهُ مَالًا، فَلَمَّا وَجَدُوا بِالصُّنْدُوقِ مَيِّتًا دَفَنُوهُ بِالصُّنْدُوقِ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ، فَلَا يُعْرَفُ قَبْرُهُ إِلَى الْآنَ. وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّ قَبْرَهُ إِلَى الْآنَ بِالْكُوفَةِ كَمَا ذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيَّ نَائِبَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي زَمَانِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، لَمَّا كَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْعِرَاقِ هَدَمَ دُورًا لِيَبْنِيَهَا دَارًا وَجَدَ قَبْرًا فِيهِ شَيْخٌ أَبْيَضُ الرَّأْسِ وَاللِّحْيَةِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُحَرِّقَهُ بِالنَّارِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ، إِنَّ بَنَى أُمَيَّةَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ مِنْكَ هَذَا كُلَّهُ. فَلَفَّهُ فِي قَبَاطِيَّ وَدَفَنَهُ هُنَاكَ. قَالُوا: فَلَا يَقْدِرُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَسْكُنَ تِلْكَ الدَّارَ الَّتِي هُوَ فِيهَا إِلَّا ارْتَحَلَ مِنْهَا. كَذَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. ما فعل بابن ملجم بعد مقتل علي ؓ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ اسْتَحْضَرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مُلْجَمٍ مِنَ السِّجْنِ فَأَحْضَرَ النَّاسَ النِّفْطَ وَالْبَوَارِيَّ لِيُحَرِّقُوهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَوْلَادُ عَلِيٍّ: دَعَوْنَا نَشْتَفِي مِنْهُ. فَقُطِعَتْ يَدَاهُ وَرِجْلَاهُ، فَلَمْ يَجْزَعْ وَلَا فَتَرَ عَنِ الذِّكْرِ، ثُمَّ كُحِلَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، وَهُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ وَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا، وَإِنَّ عَيْنَيْهِ لَتَسِيلَانِ عَلَى خَدَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ حَاوَلُوا لِسَانَهُ لِيَقْطَعُوهُ، فَجَزِعَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ جَزَعًا شَدِيدًا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ أَمْكُثَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَوَاقًا لَا أَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ. فَقُتِلَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَحُرِّقَ بِالنَّارِ، قَبَّحَهُ اللَّهُ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: كَانَ ابْنُ مُلْجَمٍ رَجُلًا أَسْمَرَ، حَسَنَ الْوَجْهِ، أَبْلَجَ، شَعْرُهُ مَعَ شَحْمَةِ أُذُنِهِ، فِي جَبْهَتِهِ أَثَرُ السُّجُودِ. قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ: وَلَمْ يُنْتَظَرْ بِقَتْلِهِ بُلُوغُ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ صَغِيرًا يَوْمَ قُتِلَ أَبُوهُ. قَالُوا: لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قُتِلَ مُحَارَبَةً لَا قِصَاصًا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. متى طعن علي بن أبي طالب ؓ وَكَانَ طَعْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، ؓ، يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةَ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ، بِلَا خِلَافٍ. فَقِيلَ: مَاتَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ، وَقِيلَ: يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ التَّاسِعَ عَشَرَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ الْفَلَّاسُ: وَقِيلَ: ضُرِبَ لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ، وَمَاتَ لَيْلَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ عَنْ تِسْعٍ أَوْ سَبْعٍ أَوْ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَهُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ. قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَعَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ: خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَكَانَتْ خِلَافَتُهُ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَقِيلَ: أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ وَتِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَقِيلَ: وَسِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ. وَقِيلَ: وَأَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا. وَقِيلَ: أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ وَثَمَانِيَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَثَلَاثَةً وَعِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا. ؓ. وَقَالَ جَرِيرٌ عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا جَاءَ نَعْيُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي وَقْتِ الْقَائِلَةِ، وَكَانَ نَائِمًا مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَاخِتَةَ بِنْتِ قَرَظَةَ فِي يَوْمٍ صَائِفٍ، جَلَسَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ. وَجَعَلَ يَبْكِي، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ فَاخِتَةُ: أَنْتَ بِالْأَمْسِ تَطْعَنُ عَلَيْهِ، وَالْيَوْمَ تُبْكِي عَلَيْهِ ! فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ ! إِنَّمَا أَبْكِي لِمَا فَقَدَ النَّاسُ مِنْ حِلْمِهِ وَعِلْمِهِ وَفَضْلِهِ وَسَوَابِقِهِ وَخَيْرِهِ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا فِي كِتَابِ " مَكَائِدِ الشَّيْطَانِ " أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مِنْ أُمَرَاءِ مُعَاوِيَةَ غَضِبَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ عَلَى ابْنِهِ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ، فَخَرَجَ الْغُلَامُ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ يَذْهَبُ، فَجَلَسَ وَرَاءَ الْبَابِ مِنْ خَارِجٍ، فَنَامَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَظَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بَهِرٍّ أَسْوَدَ بَرِيٍّ قَدْ جَاءَ إِلَى الْبَابِ الَّذِي لَهُمْ فَنَادَى: يَا سُوَيْدُ، يَا سُوَيْدُ. فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ الْهِرُّ الَّذِي فِي مَنْزِلِهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْبَرِيُّ: وَيْحَكَ ! افْتَحْ. فَقَالَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ. فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ ! ائْتِنِي بِشَيْءٍ أَتَبَلَّغُ بِهِ فَإِنِّي جَائِعٌ وَتَعْبَانُ، هَذَا أَوَانُ مَجِيئِي مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، وَقَدْ حَدَثَ اللَّيْلَةَ حَدَثٌ عَظِيمٌ، قُتِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ الْهِرُّ الْأَهْلِيُّ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ هَاهُنَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ ذَكَرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرَ سَفُّودٍ كَانُوا يَشْوُونَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمَ. فَقَالَ: ائْتِنِي بِهِ. فَجَاءَ بِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَلْحَسُهُ حَتَّى أَخَذَ حَاجَتَهُ وَانْصَرَفَ، وَذَلِكَ بِمَرْأَى مِنَ الْغُلَامِ وَمَسْمَعٍ، فَقَامَ إِلَى الْبَابِ فَطَرَقَهُ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُوهُ فَقَالَ: مَنْ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ: افْتَحْ. فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ ! مَا لَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: افْتَحْ. فَفَتَحَ، فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ خَبَرَ مَا رَأَى. فَقَالَ لَهُ: وَيْحَكَ ! أَمَنَامٌ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ. قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ ! أَفَأَصَابَكَ جُنُونٌ بَعْدِي ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْأَمْرَ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ، فَاذْهَبْ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ الْآنَ فَاتَّخِذْ عِنْدَهُ يَدًا بِمَا قُلْتُ لَكَ. فَذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَأَخْبَرُهُ الْخَبَرَ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَ وَلَدُهُ، فَأَرَّخُوا ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُمْ قَبْلَ مَجِيءِ الْبُرُدِ، وَلَمَّا جَاءَتِ الْبُرُدُ وَجَدُوا مَا أَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِهِ مُطَابِقًا لِمَا كَانَ أَخْبَرَ بِهِ أَبُو الْغُلَامِ. اعتقاد الروافض أن قبر علي ؓ بالنجف وَمَا يَعْتَقِدُهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ جَهَلَةِ الرَّوَافِضِ مِنْ أَنَّ قَبْرَهُ بِمَشْهَدِ النَّجَفِ، فَلَا دَلِيلَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَصْلَ لَهُ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ قَبْرُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ حَكَاهُ الْخَطِيبُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْحَافِظِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الطَّلْحِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ الْحَافِظِ، هُوَ مُطَيَّنٌ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَوْ عَلِمَتِ الشِّيعَةُ قَبْرَ هَذَا الَّذِي يُعَظِّمُونَهُ بِالنَّجَفِ لَرَجَمُوهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ، هَذَا قَبْرُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ.
Translation
✧ The washing, burial of ʿAlī ؓ, and prayer over him When ʿAlī died, his family took charge of his washing and burial, and his son al-Ḥasan prayed over him, saying the takbīr four times; it was said: more than that. ʿAlī was buried in the abode of the caliphate in al-Kūfah. It was said: facing the congregational mosque from the qiblah, in a chamber among the dwellings of the family of Jaʿdah b. Hubayrah opposite the gate of the paper merchants. It was said: on the outskirts of al-Kūfah. It was said: at al-Kunāsah. It was said: he was buried at al-Thawiyyah. Sharīk al-Qāḍī and Abū Nuʿaym al-Faḍl b. Dukayn said: al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī transferred him after his reconciliation with Muʿāwiyah to al-Madīnah and buried him in al-Baqīʿ beside Fāṭimah bt. Rasūl Allāh ﷺ. ʿĪsā b. Daʾb said: rather, when they wanted to carry him to al-Madīnah to bury him there, they placed him in a chest on a camel, and when they passed through the lands of Ṭayyiʾ they lost the camel, so Ṭayyiʾ took that camel with what was upon it, thinking it was wealth; when they found a dead man in the chest, they buried him with the chest in their lands, so his grave is unknown until now. The well-known view is that his grave is in al-Kūfah until now, as ʿAbd al-Malik b. ʿUmayr mentioned that Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī, the deputy of the Umayyads in the time of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik, when he was governor of al-ʿIrāq, demolished dwellings to build a house and found a grave in which was an old man with white head and beard, and behold he was ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. He wanted to burn him with fire, but it was said to him: O emir, the Umayyads do not want all this from you. So he wrapped him in fine Egyptian cloth and buried him there. They said: no one is able to dwell in that house where he is except that he departs from it. Thus Ibn ʿAsākir mentioned it. What was done with Ibn Muljam after the killing of ʿAlī ؓ Then al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī summoned ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muljam from prison and brought people naphtha and reed mats to burn him, but the sons of ʿAlī said to them: Leave us to exact retaliation from him. His hands and feet were cut off, and he did not show anguish or cease from remembrance. Then his eyes were anointed with kohl, and all the while he remembered Allāh and recited the surah: Iqraʾ bi-smi rabbika to its end, while his eyes flowed down his cheeks. Then they tried to cut out his tongue, and he showed severe anguish at that. It was said to him about that, and he said: I fear that I might remain in this world for a breath in which I do not remember Allāh. Then he was killed and burned with fire, may Allāh disfigure him. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: Ibn Muljam was a brown-skinned man, handsome of face, bright, his hair reached his earlobe, and on his forehead was the mark of prostration. The scholars said: They did not await the coming of age of al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī, for he was young on the day his father was killed. They said: because he was killed as a combatant, not as retaliation. Allāh knows best. When ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ was stabbed ʿAlī ؓ was stabbed on Friday, the seventeenth of Ramaḍān, in the year forty, without disagreement. It was said: he died that same day, and it was said: on Sunday, the nineteenth of it. Al-Fallās said: it was said: he was struck on the night of the twenty-first and died on the night of the twenty-fourth at the age of fifty-nine, or fifty-seven, or fifty-eight. It was said: at the age of sixty-three, and that is the well-known view, as stated by Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah, Abū Jaʿfar al-Bāqir, Abū Isḥāq al-Sabīʿī, and Abū Bakr b. ʿAyyāsh. Some said: at the age of sixty-three or sixty-four. From Abū Jaʿfar al-Bāqir: sixty-five. His caliphate lasted five years minus three months; it was said: four years, nine months, and three days; it was said: and six days; it was said: and fourteen days; it was said: four years, eight months, and twenty-three days. ؓ. Jarīr reported from Mughīrah who said: When news of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib's death came to Muʿāwiyah, and that was at the time of the midday nap, and he was sleeping with his wife Fākhitah bt. Qaraẓah on a summer day, he sat up saying: Innā lillāhi wa innā ilayhi rājiʿūn, and began to weep. Fākhitah said to him: Only yesterday you were reviling him, and today you weep over him! He said: Woe to you! I weep only for what the people have lost of his forbearance, his knowledge, his virtue, his precedence, and his goodness. Ibn Abī al-Dunyā mentioned in his book Makāʾid al-Shayṭān that a man from the people of al-Shām, one of Muʿāwiyah's commanders, became angry one night with his son and expelled him from his dwelling. The boy went out not knowing where to go, sat behind the door from outside, slept a while, then woke, and behold a wild black cat came to the door of their house and called: O Suwayd, O Suwayd. The house cat came out to it, and the wild cat said to it: Woe to you! Open up. It said: I cannot. It said: Woe to you! Bring me something with which I can sustain myself, for I am hungry and tired. This is the time of my coming from al-Kūfah, and tonight a great event has occurred: ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib has been killed. He said: The house cat said to it: By Allāh, there is nothing here except that they have mentioned the name of Allāh over it, other than a skewer on which they used to roast meat. It said: Bring it to me. It brought it, and the wild cat began to lick it until it took what it needed and departed. That was within the sight and hearing of the boy. He arose to the door and knocked, and his father came out to him and said: Who is it? He said to him: Open up. He said: Woe to you! What is the matter with you? He said: Open up. He opened, and the boy recounted to him what he had seen. His father said to him: Woe to you! Is this a dream? He said: No, by Allāh. He said: Woe to you! Has madness afflicted you after me? He said: No, by Allāh, but the matter is as I described to you. Go to Muʿāwiyah now and gain favor with him by what I have told you. The man went and sought permission to see Muʿāwiyah, and informed him of the news as his son had mentioned. They recorded the date of that event before the arrival of the couriers, and when the couriers came they found what he had told them to correspond with what the boy's father had reported. The belief of the Rāfiḍah that the grave of ʿAlī ؓ is at al-Najaf And what many ignorant Rāfiḍah believe, that his grave is at the shrine of al-Najaf, there is no evidence for that and it has no basis. It is said: that is only the grave of al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah. Al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī reported from Abū Nuʿaym al-Ḥāfiẓ, from Abū Bakr al-Ṭalḥī, from Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥaḍramī al-Ḥāfiẓ, who is Muṭayyan, that he said: If the Shīʿah knew the grave of this one whom they venerate at al-Najaf, they would stone him with rocks. This is the grave of al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah.
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