Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2080

The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib

تَفْرِيقُ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ جُيُوشًا كَثِيرَةً فِي أَطْرَافِ مُعَامَلَاتِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ تِسْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ فِيهَا فَرَّقَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ جُيُوشًا كَثِيرَةً فِي أَطْرَافِ مُعَامَلَاتِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،  وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ رَأَى بَعْدَ أَنْ وَلَّاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ الْخِلَافَةَ بَعْدَ اتِّفَاقِهِ هُوَ وَأَبُو مُوسَى عَلَى خَلْعِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَزْلِهِ عَنِ الْأَمْرِ - أَنَّ وِلَايَتَهُ صَحِيحَةٌ، وَقَدْ وَقَعَتِ الْمَوْقِعَ، فَهُوَ الَّذِي تَجِبُ طَاعَتُهُ فِيمَا يَعْتَقِدُهُ، وَلِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ قَدْ خَالَفُوا عَلِيًّا فَلَا يُطِيعُونَهُ، وَلَا يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِأَمْرِهِ، فَلَا يَحْصُلُ بِمُبَاشَرَتِهِ مَقْصُودُ الْوِلَايَةِ وَالْإِمَارَةِ، وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ، فَأَنَا أَوْلَى مِنْهُ ; إِذْ كَانَتْ كَلِمَةُ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَمِصْرَ مَجْمُوعَةً عَلَيَّ، وَهُمْ طَائِعُونَ لِي، يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِأَمْرِي، وَكَلِمَتِي نَافِذَةٌ فِيهِمْ. فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ جَهَّزَ الْجُيُوشَ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ مَمْلَكَةِ عَلِيٍّ، فَكَانَ مِمَّنْ بَعَثَهُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ فِي أَلْفَيْ فَارِسٍ إِلَى عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ، وَعَلَيْهَا مَالِكُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ فِي أَلْفِ فَارِسٍ مَسْلَحَةً لِعَلِيٍّ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا بِقُدُومِ الشَّامِيِّينَ ارْفَضُّوا عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَ مَالِكٍ إِلَّا مِائَةُ رَجُلٍ، فَكَتَبَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ يُخْبِرُهُ بِأَمْرِ النُّعْمَانِ، فَنَدَبَ عَلِيٌّ النَّاسَ إِلَى إِغَاثَةِ مَالِكِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، فَتَثَاقَلُوا عَلَيْهِ وَنَكَلُوا، وَلَمْ يُجِيبُوا إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ فَخَطَبَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: يَا أَهْلَ الْكُوفَةِ، كُلَّمَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِمِنْسَرٍ مِنْ مَنَاسِرِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمُ، انْجَحَرَ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مِنْكُمْ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَغَلَّقَ عَلَيْهِ بَابَهُ، انْجِحَارَ الضَّبِّ فِي جُحْرِهِ، وَالضَّبُعِ فِي وِجَارِهِ، الْمَغْرُورُ وَاللَّهِ مَنْ غَرَرْتُمُوهُ، وَمَنْ فَازَ بِكُمْ فَازَ بِالسَّهْمِ الْأَخْيَبِ، لَا أَحْرَارٌ عِنْدَ النِّدَاءِ، وَلَا إِخْوَانٌ ثِقَةٌ عِنْدَ النَّجَاءِ، إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، مَاذَا مُنِيتُ بِهِ مِنْكُمْ ؟ عُمْيٌ لَا تُبْصِرُونَ، وَبُكْمٌ لَا تَنْطِقُونَ، وَصُمٌّ لَا تَسْمَعُونَ، إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ. وَدَهَمَهُمُ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ فِي أَلْفَيْ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ مَالِكِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ إِلَّا مِائَةُ رَجُلٍ قَدْ كَسَرُوا جُفُونَ سُيُوفِهُمْ، وَاسْتَقْتَلُوا أُولَئِكَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ نَجْدَةٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ مِخْنَفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ مَعَ ابْنِهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مِخْنَفٍ فِي خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الشَّامِيُّونَ ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَدَدٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَفَرُّوا هِرَابًا عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ، فَاتَّبَعَهُمْ مَالِكُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ، وَذَهَبَ الْبَاقُونَ لَا يَلْوُونَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ حَتَّى قَدِمُوا الشَّامَ وَلَمْ يَتِمَّ لَهُمْ مَا رَجَوْا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. بعث معاوية سفيان بن عوف إلى هيت والأنبار وَفِيهَا: بَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عَوْفٍ فِي سِتَّةِ آلَافٍ إِلَى هِيتَ فَيُغِيرُ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي الْأَنْبَارَ وَالْمَدَائِنَ. فَسَارَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى هِيتَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ بِهَا أَحَدًا، ثُمَّ أَتَى الْأَنْبَارَ وَبِهَا مَسْلَحَةٌ لِعَلِيٍّ نَحْوٌ مَنْ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ، فَتَفَرَّقُوا وَلَمْ يَبْقَ فِيهَا إِلَّا مِائَةُ رَجُلٍ، فَقَاتَلُوا مَعَ قِلَّتِهِمْ وَصَبَرُوا حَتَّى قُتِلَ أَمِيرُهُمْ - وَهُوَ أَشْرَسُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ الْبَكْرِيُّ - فِي ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَاحْتَمَلَ الشَّامِيُّونَ مَا كَانَ بِالْأَنْبَارِ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَكَرُّوا رَاجِعِينَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا مَا جَرَى لِأَهْلِ الْأَنْبَارِ، رَكِبَ بِنَفْسِهِ فَنَزَلَ بِالنُّخَيْلَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّاسُ: نَحْنُ نَكْفِيكَ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا تَكْفُونَنِي وَلَا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، وَسَرَّحَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ فِي أَثَرِ الْقَوْمِ، فَسَارَ وَرَاءَهُمْ حَتَّى بَلَغَ هِيتَ فَلَمْ يَلْحَقْهُمْ فَرَجَعَ. بعث معاوية عبد الله بن مسعد الفزاري إلى تيماء وَفِيهَا: بَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعَدَةَ الْفَزَارِيَّ فِي أَلْفٍ وَسَبْعِمِائَةٍ إِلَى تَيْمَاءَ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُصَدِّقَ أَهْلَ الْبَوَادِي، وَمَنِ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ إِعْطَائِهِ فَلْيَقْتُلْهُ، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي الْمَدِينَةَ وَمَكَّةَ وَالْحِجَازَ. فَسَارَ إِلَى تَيْمَاءَ وَاجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا خَبَرُهُ بَعَثَ الْمُسَيَّبَ بْنَ نَجَبَةَ الْفَزَارِيَّ فِي أَلْفَيْ رَجُلٍ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِتَيْمَاءَ فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا عِنْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ، وَحَمَلَ الْمُسَيَّبُ بْنُ نَجَبَةَ عَلَى ابْنِ مَسْعَدَةَ فَضَرَبَهُ ثَلَاثَ ضَرَبَاتٍ وَهُوَ لَا يُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ بَلْ يَقُولُ لَهُ: النَّجَاءَ النَّجَاءَ. فَانْحَازَ ابْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ إِلَى حِصْنٍ هُنَاكَ فَتَحَصَّنُوا بِهِ، وَهَرَبَ بَقِيَّتُهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَانْتَهَبَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ مَا كَانَ جَمَعَهَ ابْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَحَاصَرَهُمُ الْمُسَيَّبُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، ثُمَّ أَلْقَى الْحَطَبَ عَلَى الْبَابِ، وَأَلْهَبَ فِيهِ النَّارَ، فَلَمَّا أَحَسُّوا بِالْهَلَاكِ أَشْرَفُوا مِنَ الْحِصْنِ، وَمَتُّوا إِلَيْهِ بِأَنَّهُمْ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَرَقَّ لَهُمْ وَأَطْفَأَ النَّارَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ فَتَحَ بَابَ الْحِصْنِ، وَخَرَجُوا مِنْهُ هِرَابًا إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ لِلْمُسَيَّبِ بْنِ نَجَبَةَ: سَرِّحْنِي أَلْحَقْهُمْ. فَقَالَ: لَا. فَقَالَ: غَشَشْتَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَدَاهَنْتَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ. توجيه معاوية الضحاك بن قيس ليغير على أطراف جيش علي وَفِيهَا: وَجَّهَ مُعَاوِيَةُ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُغِيرَ عَلَى أَطْرَافِ جَيْشِ عَلِيٍّ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ حُجْرَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ، وَأَنْفَقَ فِيهِمْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ خَمْسِينَ دِرْهَمًا خَمْسِينَ دِرْهَمًا، فَالْتَقَوْا بِتَدْمُرَ فَقَتَلَ حُجْرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الضَّحَّاكَ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ حُجْرٍ رَجُلَانِ، وَغَشِيَهُمُ اللَّيْلُ، فَتَفَرَّقُوا وَانْشَمَرَ الضَّحَّاكَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ فَارًّا إِلَى الشَّامِ. خروج معاوية إلى دجلة ثم رجوعه منها وَفِيهَا: سَارَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بِنَفْسِهِ فِي جَيْشٍ كَثِيفٍ حَتَّى بَلَغَ دِجْلَةَ، ثُمَّ كَرَّ رَاجِعًا. ذَكَرَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَأَبُو مَعْشَرَ مَعَهُ أَيْضًا. وَلَّى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِيهِ عَلَى أَرْضِ فَارِسَ وَفِيهَا وَلَّى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِيهِ عَلَى أَرْضِ فَارِسَ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ مَنَعُوا الْخَرَاجَ وَالطَّاعَةَ، وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ قَتْلِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَأَصْحَابِهِ بِالنَّارِ حِينَ حَرَّقَهُمْ جَارِيَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ،، فَلَمَّا اشْتُهِرَ هَذَا الصَّنِيعُ فِي الْبِلَادِ شَوَّشَ قُلُوبَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَأَنْكَرُوهُ جِدًّا، وَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ، وَمَنَعَ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ النَّوَاحِي الْخَرَاجَ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا أَهْلُ فَارِسَ فَإِنَّهُمْ تَمَرَّدُوا وَأَخْرَجُوا عَامِلَهُمْ سَهْلَ بْنَ حُنَيْفٍ عَنْهُمْ، فَاسْتَشَارَ عَلِيٌّ النَّاسَ فِي مَنْ يُوَلِّيهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَشَارَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَارِيَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِمْ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِيهِ، فَإِنَّهُ صَلِيبُ الرَّأْيِ، عَالِمٌ بِالسِّيَاسَةِ. فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: هُوَ لَهَا، فَوَلَّاهُ عَلَى فَارِسَ وَكَرْمَانَ، فَجَهَّزَهُ إِلَيْهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فَدَوَّخَ أَهْلَهَا وَقَهَرَهُمْ حَتَّى اسْتَقَامُوا وَأَدَّوُا الْخَرَاجَ، وَرَجَعُوا إِلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، وَسَارَ فِيهِمْ بِالْمَعْدَلَةِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ، حَتَّى كَانَ أَهْلُ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ يَقُولُونَ: مَا رَأَيْنَا سِيرَةً أَشْبَهَ بِسِيرَةِ كِسْرَى أَنُوشِرْوَانَ مِنْ سِيرَةِ هَذَا الْعَرَبِيِّ فِي اللِّينِ وَالْمُدَارَاةِ وَالْعِلْمِ بِمَا يَأْتِي وَمَا يَذْرُ، وَصَفَتْ لَهُ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادُ بِعَدْلِهِ وَعِلْمِهِ وَصَرَامَتِهِ، وَاتَّخَذَ لِلْمَالِ قَلْعَةً حَصِينَةً، فَكَانَتْ تُعْرَفُ بِقَلْعَةِ زِيَادٍ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا تَحَصَّنَ فِيهَا مَنْصُورٌ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ فِيمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، عُرِفَتْ بِهِ فَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: قَلْعَةُ مَنْصُورٍ. بَعَثَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى الْمَوْسِمِ قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بَعَثَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى الْمَوْسِمِ، وَبَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ شَجَرَةَ الرَّهَاوِيَّ لِيُقِيمَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَا بِمَكَّةَ تَنَازَعَا، وَأَبَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ لِصَاحِبِهِ، فَاصْطَلَحَا عَلَى شَيْبَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ الْحَجَبِيِّ، فَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ، وَصَلَّى بِهِمْ فِي أَيَّامِ الْمَوْسِمِ. قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: لَمْ يَشْهَدْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ الْمَوْسِمَ فِي أَيَّامِ عَلِيٍّ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، وَالَّذِي نَازَعَهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ شَجَرَةَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ قُثَمُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، حَتَّى اصْطَلَحَا عَلَى شَيْبَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ. عُمَّالُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى الْأَمْصَارِ في هذه السنة قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: وَأَمَّا عُمَّالُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى الْأَمْصَارِ فَهُمُ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرْنَا فِي السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ قَدْ سَارَ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِيهِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ زِيَادٌ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ إِلَى فَارِسَ وَكَرْمَانَ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا. ذكر غَارَةِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْجَزِيرَةِ   وَفِيهَا سَيَّرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ قَبَاثِ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَفِيهَا شَبِيبُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ جَدُّ الْكِرْمَانِيِّ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخُرَاسَانَ، وَكَانَ شَبِيبٌ بِنَصِيبِينَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى كُمَيْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَهُوَ بِهِيتَ، يُعْلِمْهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَسَارَ كُمَيْلٌ إِلَيْهِ نَجْدَةً لَهُ فِي سِتِّمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، فَأَدْرَكُوا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمَعَهُ مَعْنُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ السُّلَمِيُّ، فَقَاتَلَهُمَا كُمَيْلٌ وَهَزَمَهُمَا، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى عَسْكَرِهِمَا وَأَكْثَرَ الْقَتْلَ فِي أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ لَا يُتْبَعَ مُدْبِرٌ وَلَا يُجْهَزَ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ كُمَيْلٍ رَجُلَانِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ بِالْفَتْحِ فَجَزَاهُ خَيْرًا، وَأَجَابَهُ جَوَابًا حَسَنًا ؓ. وَأَقْبَلَ شَبِيبُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ مِنْ نَصِيبِينَ، فَرَأَى كُمَيْلًا قَدْ أَوْقَعَ بِالْقَوْمِ، فَهَنَّأَهُ بِالظَّفَرِ، وَاتَّبَعَ الشَّامِيِّينَ، فَلَمْ يَلْحَقْهُمْ، فَعَبَرَ الْفُرَاتَ، وَبَثَّ خَيْلَهُ فَأَغَارَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ بَعْلَبَكَّ، فَوَجَّهَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَيْهِ حَبِيبَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ فَلَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ، وَرَجَعَ شَبِيبٌ فَأَغَارَ عَلَى نَوَاحِي الرَّقَّةِ فَلَمْ يَدَعْ لِلْعُثْمَانِيَّةِ بِهَا مَاشِيَةً إِلَّا اسْتَاقَهَا، وَلَا خَيْلًا وَلَا سِلَاحًا إِلَّا أَخَذَهُ، وَعَادَ إِلَى نَصِيبِينَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ يَنْهَاهُ عَنْ أَخْذِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ إِلَّا الْخَيْلَ وَالسِّلَاحَ الَّذِي يُقَاتِلُونَ بِهِ، وَقَالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ شَبِيبًا، لَقَدْ أَبْعَدَ الْغَارَةَ وَعَجَّلَ الِانْتِصَارَ. ذكر غَارَةِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نِمْرٍ التَّنُوخِيِّ   وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ شَجَرَةَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَجَّهَ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ نِمْرٍ التَّنُوخِيَّ إِلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ لِيَأْتِيَهُ بِمَنْ كَانَ فِي طَاعَةِ عَلِيٍّ، فَأَخَذَ مِنْ أَهْلِ دَارَا سَبْعَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ، وَكَانَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ قَدْ فَارَقُوا عَلِيًّا إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَسَأَلُوهُ فِي إِطْلَاقِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَاعْتَزَلُوهُ أَيْضًا. وَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ لِيُفَادِيَهُ بِمَنْ أَسَرَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ شَجَرَةَ، فَسَيَّرَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَطْلَقَ مُعَاوِيَةُ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ رَجُلًا مِنْ خَثْعَمَ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْمَوْصِلِ لِيُسَكِّنَ النَّاسَ، فَلَقِيَهُ أُولَئِكَ التَّغْلِبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ اعْتَزَلُوا مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ قُرَيْعُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ التَّغْلِبِيُّ، فَتَشَاتَمُوا ثُمَّ اقْتَتَلُوا فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَأَرَادَ عَلِيٌّ أَنْ يُوَجِّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ جَيْشًا، فَكَلَّمَتْهُ رَبِيعَةُ وَقَالُوا: هُمْ مُعْتَزِلُونَ لِعَدُوِّكَ دَاخِلُونَ فِي طَاعَتِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا قَتَلُوهُ خَطَأً. فَأَمْسَكَ عَنْهُمْ. ذِكْرُ أَمْرِ ابْنِ الْعُشْبَةِ بَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ زُهَيْرَ بْنَ مَكْحُولٍ الْعَامِرِيَّ - مِنْ عَامِرِ الْأَجْدَارِ - إِلَى السَّمَاوَةِ  وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَدَقَاتِ النَّاسِ، وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا فَبَعَثَ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ: جَعْفَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْجَعِيَّ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنَ الْعُشْبَةِ، وَالْجُلَاسَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ الْكَلْبِيَّيْنِ، لِيُصَدِّقُوا مَنْ فِي طَاعَتِهِ مِنْ كَلْبٍ وَبَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، فَوَافَوْا زُهَيْرًا فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ عَلِيٍّ وَقُتِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَلَحِقَ ابْنُ الْعُشْبَةِ بِعَلِيٍّ، فَعَنَّفَهُ وَعَلَاهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ، فَغَضِبَ وَلَحِقَ بِمُعَاوِيَةَ، وَكَانَ زُهَيْرٌ قَدْ حَمَلَ ابْنَ الْعُشْبَةِ عَلَى فَرَسٍ، فَلِذَلِكَ اتَّهَمَهُ. وَأَمَّا الْجُلَاسُ فَإِنَّهُ مَرَّ بِرَاعٍ، فَأَخَذَ جُبَّتَهُ، وَأَعْطَاهُ جُبَّةَ خَزٍّ، فَأَدْرَكَتْهُ الْخَيْلُ، فَقَالُوا: أَيْنَ أَخَذَ هَؤُلَاءِ التُّرَابِيُّونَ ؟ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ: أَخَذُوا هَاهُنَا، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ ذكر أَمْرِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ بِدُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ   وَبَعْثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ الْمُرِّيَّ إِلَى دُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا قَدِ امْتَنَعُوا مِنْ بَيْعَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ جَمِيعًا، فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى طَاعَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَبَيْعَتِهِ، فَامْتَنَعُوا، وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا فَسَيَّرَ مَالِكَ بْنَ كَعْبٍ الْهَمْدَانِيَّ فِي جَمْعٍ إِلَى دُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ مُسْلِمٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وَافَاهُ مَالِكٌ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا يَوْمًا ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ مُسْلِمٌ مُنْهَزِمًا، وَأَقَامَ مَالِكٌ أَيَّامًا يَدْعُو أَهْلَ دُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ لِعَلِيٍّ فَلَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، وَقَالُوا: لَا نُبَايِعُ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ عَلَى إِمَامٍ، فَانْصَرَفَ وَتَرَكَهُمْ. وَفِيهَا تَوَجَّهَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُرَّةَ الْعَبْدِيُّ إِلَى بِلَادِ السِّنْدِ ( غَازِيًا مُتَطَوِّعًا بِأَمْرِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيٍّ، فَغَنِمَ وَأَصَابَ غَنَائِمَ وَسَبْيًا كَثِيرًا، وَقَسَّمَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَلْفَ رَأْسٍ وَبَقِيَ غَازِيًا ) إِلَى أَنْ قُتِلَ بِأَرْضِ الْقِيقَانِ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، إِلَّا قَلِيلًا سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ أَيَّامَ مُعَاوِيَةَ.

Translation

✧ The dispatch by Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān of numerous armies into the borderlands of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib’s domains Then the year thirty-nine began. In it, Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān dispatched numerous armies into the borderlands of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib’s domains. That was because Muʿāwiyah, after ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ had invested him with the caliphate following the agreement between him and Abū Mūsā to depose ʿAlī and remove him from authority, held that his own investiture was valid and had taken effect, and that he was the one whose obedience was obligatory according to his belief. Moreover, the people of Iraq had opposed ʿAlī and would not obey him or follow his command, so the intended purpose of governance and rule could not be achieved through his exercise of office under these circumstances. Thus, I am more entitled to it than he, since the word of the people of Syria and Egypt is united upon me, they are obedient to me, they follow my command, and my word is effective among them. Thereupon he equipped armies toward the borderlands of ʿAlī’s realm. Among those he sent in this year was al-Nuʿmān b. Bashīr with two thousand horsemen to ʿAyn al-Tamr, where Mālik b. Kaʿb was stationed with a thousand horsemen as a garrison for ʿAlī. When they heard of the Syrians’ approach, they scattered from him, and only a hundred men remained with Mālik. He then wrote to ʿAlī, informing him of al-Nuʿmān’s advance. ʿAlī called upon the people to relieve Mālik b. Kaʿb, but they were sluggish and held back, and did not respond to going out. ʿAlī then addressed them in a sermon, saying: “O people of Kufa, whenever you hear of a raiding party of the Syrians overshadowing you, each man of you shrinks into his house and bolts his door, like the lizard shrinks into its burrow and the hyena into its den. By God, deluded is he whom you have deluded, and whoever wins by means of you wins the most losing of arrows. You are neither free men when called, nor trustworthy brothers in time of distress. Verily we belong to God and to Him we return. What have I been afflicted with in you? Blind, you do not see; dumb, you do not speak; deaf, you do not hear. Verily we belong to God and to Him we return.” Al-Nuʿmān b. Bashīr descended upon them with two thousand fighters, while with Mālik b. Kaʿb there were only a hundred men who had broken the scabbards of their swords and sought death. They fought a fierce battle. While they were thus engaged, a relief force came from the direction of Mikhnaf b. Sulaym, led by his son ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mikhnaf, with fifty men. When the Syrians saw them, they thought it was a great reinforcement and fled headlong. Mālik b. Kaʿb pursued them and killed three of them. The rest departed without turning to anyone until they reached Syria, and what they had hoped for from this direction did not materialize. Muʿāwiyah sends Sufyān b. ʿAwf to Hīt and al-Anbār In it, Muʿāwiyah sent Sufyān b. ʿAwf with six thousand men to Hīt, to raid it, then to proceed to al-Anbār and al-Madāʾin. He marched until he reached Hīt and found no one there. Then he came to al-Anbār, where ʿAlī had a garrison of about five hundred. They dispersed, and only a hundred men remained. They fought despite their small number and held out until their commander, Ashras b. Ḥassān al-Bakrī, was killed along with thirty of his companions. The Syrians carried off what wealth was in al-Anbār and returned to Syria. When news of what had befallen the people of al-Anbār reached ʿAlī, he rode out himself and encamped at al-Nukhaylah. The people said to him, “We will suffice you in that, O Commander of the Faithful.” He said, “By God, you suffice neither me nor yourselves.” He dispatched Saʿīd b. Qays in pursuit of the enemy. He rode after them until he reached Hīt but did not catch up with them, and so returned. Muʿāwiyah sends ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿadah al-Fazārī to Taymāʾ In it, Muʿāwiyah sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿadah al-Fazārī with one thousand seven hundred men to Taymāʾ, and commanded him to collect the zakāt from the Bedouin, and whoever refused to give it, to kill him, then to proceed to Medina, Makkah, and the Hijaz. He marched to Taymāʾ, and a great many people gathered around him. When news of him reached ʿAlī, he sent al-Musayyab b. Najabah al-Fazārī with two thousand men. They met at Taymāʾ and fought a fierce battle at the sun’s decline. Al-Musayyab b. Najabah attacked Ibn Masʿadah and struck him three blows, not intending to kill him but saying to him, “Flee! Flee!” Ibn Masʿadah withdrew with a group of his men into a fortress there and took refuge in it, while the rest fled to Syria. The Bedouin plundered the camels of the zakāt that Ibn Masʿadah had collected. Al-Musayyab besieged them for three days, then he piled firewood against the gate and set it ablaze. When they sensed destruction, they looked out from the fortress and pleaded with him that they were of his own tribe. He took pity on them and extinguished the fire. When night fell, he opened the gate of the fortress, and they went out fleeing to Syria. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Shabīb said to al-Musayyab b. Najabah, “Send me to catch up with them.” He said, “No.” He said, “You have betrayed the Commander of the Faithful and been lenient in their affair.” Muʿāwiyah directs al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Qays to raid the fringes of ʿAlī’s army In it, Muʿāwiyah directed al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Qays with three thousand men, and ordered him to raid the fringes of ʿAlī’s army. ʿAlī sent against him Ḥujr b. ʿAdī with four thousand men, and gave each of them fifty dirhams, fifty dirhams. They met at Tadmur, and Ḥujr killed nineteen of al-Ḍaḥḥāk’s men, while two of Ḥujr’s men were killed. Nightfall came upon them, and they dispersed. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk withdrew with his men, fleeing to Syria. Muʿāwiyah’s expedition to the Tigris and his return from it In it, Muʿāwiyah marched in person with a dense army until he reached the Tigris, then turned back. This was mentioned by Muḥammad b. Saʿd, from al-Wāqidī with his chain of narrators, and Abū Maʿshar also with him. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib appoints Ziyād b. Abīhi over the land of Fārs In it, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib appointed Ziyād b. Abīhi over the land of Fārs, for they had withheld the land tax and obedience. The reason for that was the previous killing of al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī and his companions by fire, when Jāriyah b. Qudāmah burned them. When this act became widely known in the lands, it disturbed the hearts of many people, and they denounced it severely. They became divided against ʿAlī, and most of the people of those districts withheld the land tax, especially the people of Fārs, who rebelled and expelled their governor Sahl b. Ḥunayf. ʿAlī consulted the people about whom to appoint over them. Ibn ʿAbbās and Jāriyah b. Qudāmah advised him to appoint Ziyād b. Abīhi, for he was of sound judgment and knowledgeable in governance. ʿAlī said, “He is suited for it.” So he appointed him over Fārs and Kirmān, and equipped him for it with four thousand horsemen. He marched there in this year, subjugated its people, and subdued them until they became upright, paid the land tax, and returned to obedience. He dealt with them with justice and trustworthiness, so much so that the people of those lands used to say, “We have never seen conduct more like the conduct of Kisrā Anūshirwān than the conduct of this Arab in gentleness, tact, and knowledge of what to do and what to avoid.” Those lands were made pure for him by his justice, knowledge, and firmness. He built for the treasury a strong fortress known as Ziyād’s Fortress. Later, when Manṣūr al-Yashkurī fortified himself in it, it became known by his name and was called Manṣūr’s Fortress. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib sends ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās over the pilgrimage season Al-Wāqidī said: In this year, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib sent ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās over the pilgrimage season, and Muʿāwiyah sent Yazīd b. Shajarah al-Rahāwī to lead the people in the Hajj. When they met in Makkah, they disputed, and neither was willing to yield to the other. They agreed upon Shaybah b. ʿUthmān b. Abī Ṭalḥah al-Ḥajabī, so he led the people in the Hajj and prayed with them during the days of the pilgrimage. Abū al-Ḥasan al-Madāʾinī said: ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās did not attend the pilgrimage season during ʿAlī’s days until ʿAlī was killed. The one with whom Yazīd b. Shajarah disputed was Qutham b. al-ʿAbbās, until they agreed upon Shaybah b. ʿUthmān. ʿAlī’s governors over the garrison cities in this year Ibn Jarīr said: As for ʿAlī’s governors over the garrison cities, they were those we mentioned in the previous year, except that Ibn ʿAbbās had moved from Basra to Kufa, leaving Ziyād b. Abīhi as his deputy over Basra. Then Ziyād went in this year to Fārs and Kirmān, as we have mentioned. Account of the Syrian raid upon the people of the Jazīrah In it, Muʿāwiyah sent ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Qabāth b. Ashyam to the land of the Jazīrah. There, Shabīb b. ʿĀmir, grandfather of al-Kirmānī who was in Khurasan, was in Naṣībīn. He wrote to Kumayl b. Ziyād, who was at Hīt, informing him of the news. Kumayl marched to his aid with six hundred horsemen. They overtook ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who had with him Maʿn b. Yazīd al-Sulamī. Kumayl fought them and defeated them, seizing their camp and inflicting great slaughter on the Syrians. He ordered that no fugitive be pursued and no wounded man be finished off. Two of Kumayl’s men were killed. He wrote to ʿAlī of the victory, and ʿAlī rewarded him well and answered him with a fine response ؓ. Shabīb b. ʿĀmir came from Naṣībīn and saw that Kumayl had inflicted a defeat upon the enemy, so he congratulated him on the victory. He pursued the Syrians but did not catch them. He crossed the Euphrates, spread out his cavalry, and they raided the people of Syria until he reached Baʿlabakk. Muʿāwiyah sent Ḥabīb b. Maslamah against him, but he did not catch him. Shabīb returned and raided the districts of al-Raqqah, leaving no livestock belonging to the ʿUthmāniyyah there but he drove it off, and no horses or weapons but he seized them. He returned to Naṣībīn and wrote to ʿAlī. ʿAlī wrote to him forbidding him from taking people’s property except the horses and weapons with which they fight. He said, “May God have mercy on Shabīb, he has gone far in raiding and hastened victory.” Account of the raid of al-Ḥārith b. Nimr al-Tanūkhī When Yazīd b. Shajarah came to Muʿāwiyah, he dispatched al-Ḥārith b. Nimr al-Tanūkhī to the Jazīrah to bring him those who were in obedience to ʿAlī. He seized seven men of the Banū Taghlib from the people of Dārā. A group of the Banū Taghlib had already left ʿAlī for Muʿāwiyah, and they asked him to release their companions, but he did not. So they also withdrew from him. Muʿāwiyah wrote to ʿAlī to ransom them for those whom Maʿqil b. Qays had captured from the companions of Yazīd b. Shajarah. ʿAlī sent them to Muʿāwiyah, and Muʿāwiyah released these men. ʿAlī sent a man of Khathʿam called ʿAbd al-Raḥmān to the region of Mosul to pacify the people. Those Taghlibīs who had withdrawn from Muʿāwiyah met him, led by Qurayʿ b. al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī. They exchanged insults, then fought and killed him. ʿAlī wanted to send an army against them, but Rabīʿah spoke to him, saying, “They are withdrawn from your enemy and included in your obedience; they killed him by mistake.” So he held back from them. Account of the affair of Ibn al-ʿUshbah Muʿāwiyah sent Zuhayr b. Makḥūl al-ʿĀmirī—of ʿĀmir al-Ajdār—to al-Samāwah, and ordered him to collect the people’s zakāt. This reached ʿAlī, so he sent three men: Jaʿfar b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ashjaʿī, ʿUrwah b. al-ʿUshbah, and al-Julās b. ʿUmayr, both Kalbīs, to collect zakāt from those in his obedience among Kalb and Bakr b. Wāʾil. They encountered Zuhayr and fought. ʿAlī’s companions were defeated, Jaʿfar b. ʿAbd Allāh was killed, and Ibn al-ʿUshbah fled to ʿAlī. ʿAlī rebuked him and struck him with the whip. He became angry and joined Muʿāwiyah. Zuhayr had mounted Ibn al-ʿUshbah on a horse, and for that reason he was suspected. As for al-Julās, he passed by a shepherd and took his cloak, giving him a silk cloak in return. The horsemen caught up with him and said, “Where did those Turābīs go?” He pointed to them, “They went this way.” Then he came to Kufa. Account of the affair of Muslim b. ʿUqbah at Dūmat al-Jandal Muʿāwiyah sent Muslim b. ʿUqbah al-Murrī to Dūmat al-Jandal. Its people had refrained from pledging allegiance to both ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah. He called them to the obedience and allegiance of Muʿāwiyah, but they refused. This reached ʿAlī, so he sent Mālik b. Kaʿb al-Hamdānī with a force to Dūmat al-Jandal. Muslim was unaware until Mālik came upon him. They fought for a day, then Muslim departed defeated. Mālik remained for some days calling the people of Dūmat al-Jandal to pledge allegiance to ʿAlī, but they did not. They said, “We will not pledge allegiance until the people unite upon an imam.” So he departed and left them. In it, al-Ḥārith b. Murrah al-ʿAbdī set out for the land of al-Sind as a volunteer raider under the command of the Commander of the Faithful ʿAlī. He gained booty and took much spoil and captives, and in a single day he distributed a thousand heads, and he remained raiding until he was killed in the land of al-Qīqān, he and those with him, except a few, in the year forty-two during the days of Muʿāwiyah.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.