Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2074
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
وَلِنَذْكُرِ الْآنَ مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِمْ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمَرْفُوعَةِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ، رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي " صَحِيحِهِ ": أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي الْجَيْشِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ، الَّذِينَ سَارُوا إِلَى الْخَوَارِجِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ، ؓ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: يَخْرُجُ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ، لَيْسَ قِرَاءَتُكُمْ إِلَى قِرَاءَتِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ، وَلَا صَلَاتُكُمْ إِلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ، وَلَا صِيَامُكُمْ إِلَى صِيَامِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ، يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُ لَهُمْ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ، لَا تُجَاوِزُ صَلَاتُهُمْ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ. لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الْجَيْشُ الَّذِينَ يُصِيبُونَهُمْ مَا قُضِيَ لَهُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِمْ، ﷺ، لَاتَّكَلُوا عَلَى الْعَمَلِ، وَآيَةُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ فِيهِمْ رَجُلًا لَهُ عَضُدٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ ذِرَاعٌ، عَلَى رَأْسِ عَضُدِهِ مِثْلُ حَلَمَةِ الثَّدْيِ، عَلَيْهِ شَعَرَاتٌ بِيضٌ، فَتَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَتَتْرُكُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ يَخْلُفُونَكُمْ فِي ذَرَارِيِّكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونُوا هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ، فَإِنَّهُمْ قَدْ سَفَكُوا الدَّمَ الْحَرَامَ، وَأَغَارُوا فِي سَرْحِ النَّاسِ، فَسِيرُوا عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: فَنَزَّلَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ مَنْزِلًا مَنْزِلًا، حَتَّى قَالَ: مَرَرْنَا عَلَى قَنْطَرَةٍ. فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا، وَعَلَى الْخَوَارِجِ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الرَّاسِبِيُّ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: أَلْقُوا الرِّمَاحَ، وَسُلُّوا سُيُوفَكُمْ مِنْ جُفُونِهَا، فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُنَاشِدُوكُمْ كَمَا نَاشَدُوكُمْ يَوْمَ حَرُورَاءَ. فَرَجَعُوا فَوَحَّشُوا بِرِمَاحِهِمْ، وَسَلَّوُا السُّيُوفَ، فَشَجَرَهُمُ النَّاسُ بِرِمَاحِهِمْ. قَالَ: وَقُتِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَمَا أُصِيبَ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَّا رَجُلَانِ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ، ؓ: الْتَمِسُوا فِيهِمُ الْمُخْدَجَ. فَالْتَمَسُوهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ، فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ، ؓ، بِنَفْسِهِ حَتَّى أَتَى نَاسًا قَدْ قُتِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، فَقَالَ: أَخِّرُوهُمْ. فَوَجَدُوهُ مِمَّا يَلِي الْأَرْضَ، فَكَبَّرَ، قَالَ: صَدَقَ اللَّهُ، وَبَلَّغَ رَسُولُهُ. قَالَ: فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عَبِيدَةُ السُّلْمَانِيُّ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، آللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، لَسَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ ؟ فَقَالَ: إِي وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَهُوَ يَحْلِفُ لَهُ. هَذَا لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ. الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، ؓ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: يَخْرُجُ قَوْمٌ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ، سُفَهَاءُ الْأَحْلَامِ، أَحْدَاثٌ - أَوْ قَالَ: حُدَثَاءُ - الْأَسْنَانِ، يَقُولُونَ مِنْ خَيْرِ قَوْلِ النَّاسِ، يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ، لَا يَعْدُو تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَهُمْ فَلْيَقْتُلْهُمْ، فَإِنَّ فِي قَتْلِهِمْ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ. وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ مَاتَ قَبْلَ ظُهُورِ الْخَوَارِجِ بِنَحْوٍ مَنْ خَمْسِ سِنِينَ، فَحَدِيثُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَقْوَى الِاعْتِضَادِ. الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَقَالَ: عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ، ﷺ، قَالَ: " سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي اخْتِلَافٌ وَفُرْقَةٌ ; قَوْمٌ يُحْسِنُونَ الْقِيلَ وَيُسِيئُونَ الْفِعْلَ، يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَحْقِرُ أَحَدُكُمْ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ صَلَاتِهِمْ، وَصِيَامَهُ مَعَ صِيَامِهِمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، لَا يَرْجِعُونَ حَتَّى يَرْتَدَّ السَّهْمُ عَلَى فُوقِهِ، هُمْ شَرُّ الْخَلْقِ وَالْخَلِيقَةِ، طُوبَى لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ وَقَتَلُوهُ، يَدْعُونَ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَلَيْسُوا مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ، مَنْ قَاتَلَهُمْ كَانَ أَوْلَى بِاللَّهِ مِنْهُمْ ". قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا سِيمَاهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: " التَّحْلِيقُ " الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ؓ: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، عَامَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ فِضَّةً فِي ثَوْبِ بِلَالٍ لِلنَّاسِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اعْدِلْ. فَقَالَ: " وَيْلَكَ، وَمَنْ يَعْدِلُ إِذَا لَمْ أَعْدَلْ ؟ ! لَقَدْ خِبْتُ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْدِلُ ". فَقَالَ: عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، دَعْنِي أَقْتُلْ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقَ. فَقَالَ: " مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَتَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ أَنِّي أَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابِي، إِنَّ هَذَا وَأَصْحَابَهُ يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ حَنَاجِرَهُمْ، أَوْ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ مُرُوقَ السَّهْمِ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ ". الْحَدِيثُ الْخَامِسُ الْحَدِيثُ الْخَامِسُ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أُهَيْبٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَهُوَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، ؓ، قَالَ: يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ: عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، ذَا الثُّدَيَّةِ فَقَالَ: شَيْطَانُ الرَّدْهَةِ، كَرَاعِي الْخَيْلِ يَحْتَدِرُهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَجِيلَةَ ; يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْأَشْهَبُ أَوِ ابْنِ الْأَشْهَبِ، عَلَامَةٌ فِي قَوْمٍ ظَلَمَةٍ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي عَمَّارٌ الدُّهْنِيُّ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَ بِهِ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْأَشْهَبُ، أَوِ ابْنُ الْأَشْهَبِ. الْحَدِيثُ السَّادِسُ الْحَدِيثُ السَّادِسُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ; سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، ؓ، وَلَهُ طَرُقٌ عَنْهُ: مِنْهَا: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي مَرَرْتُ بِوَادِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مُتَخَشِّعٌ حَسَنُ الْهَيْئَةِ يُصَلِّي. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: " اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ فَاقْتُلْهُ ". قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالَةِ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ، ﷺ، لِعُمَرَ: " اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ ". فَذَهَبَ عُمَرُ فَرَآهُ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ الَّتِي رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فَرَجَعَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي مُتَخَشِّعًا فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ. قَالَ: " يَا عَلِيُّ اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ ". فَذَهَبَ عَلِيٌّ فَلَمْ يَرَهُ، فَرَجَعَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: " إِنَّ هَذَا وَأَصْحَابَهُ يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُونَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَعُودَ السَّهْمُ فِي فُوقِهِ ; فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ هُمْ شَرُّ الْبَرِيَّةِ ". تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ. الْحَدِيثُ الثَّامِنُ الْحَدِيثُ الثَّامِنُ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ: عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى قَوْمٍ فَقَالَ: لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْخِبَاءُ ؟ قَالُوا: لِسَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ. قَالَ: أَفَلَا تَنْطَلِقُونَ مَعِي فَيُحَدِّثَنَا وَنَسْمَعَ مِنْهُ ؟ فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَدْنَيْتَ خِبَاءَكَ إِلَيْنَا وَكُنْتَ مِنَّا قَرِيبًا فَحَدَّثْتَنَا وَسَمِعْنَا مِنْكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: وَمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ. قَالَ سَلْمَانُ: قَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكَ مَعْرُوفٌ ; بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَخِفُّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَتُقَاتِلُ الْعَدُوَّ، وَتَخْدِمُ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَإِنْ أَخْطَأَتْكَ وَاحِدَةٌ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمْ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ. قَالُوا: فَوُجِدَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ قَتِيلًا فِي أَصْحَابِ النَّهْرَوَانِ. الْحَدِيثُ التَّاسِعُ الْحَدِيثُ التَّاسِعُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ يُسَيْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، فَقُلْتُ: حَدِّثْنِي مَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ فِي الْحَرُورِيَّةِ. قَالَ: أُحَدِّثُكَ مَا سَمِعْتُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، لَا أَزِيدُكَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَذْكُرُ قَوْمًا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا - وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ نَحْوَ الْعِرَاقِ - يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ حَنَاجِرَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: هَلْ ذَكَرَ لَهُمْ عَلَامَةً ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا مَا سَمِعْتُ لَا أَزِيدُكَ عَلَيْهِ. الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي عَشَرَ الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي عَشَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا جَاءَتْنَا بَيْعَةُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ فَأُخْبِرْتُ بِمَقَامٍ يَقُومُهُ نَوْفٌ الْبِكَالِيُّ، فَجِئْتُهُ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَانْتَبَذَ عَنِ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ خَمِيصَةٌ، فَإِذَا هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ نَوْفٌ أَمْسَكَ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: " إِنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ هِجْرَةٌ بَعْدَ هِجْرَةٍ، يَنْحَازُ النَّاسُ إِلَى مُهَاجَرِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، لَا يَبْقَى فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا شِرَارُ أَهْلِهَا، تَلْفِظُهُمْ أَرْضُهُمْ، تَقْذَرُهُمْ نَفْسُ الرَّحْمَنِ، تَحْشُرُهُمُ النَّارُ مَعَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ، تَبِيتُ مَعَهُمْ إِذَا بَاتُوا، وَتَقِيلُ مَعَهُمْ إِذَا قَالُوا، وَتَأْكُلُ مَنْ تَخَلَّفَ ". قَالَ وَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: " سَيَخْرُجُ نَاسٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَشْرِقِ، يَقْرَأُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، كُلَّمَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ قَرْنٌ قُطِعَ، كُلَّمَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ قَرْنٌ قُطِعَ، - حَتَّى عَدَّهَا زِيَادَةً عَلَى عَشْرِ مَرَّاتٍ - كُلَّمَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ قَرْنٌ قُطِعَ، حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ الدَّجَّالُ فِي بَقِيَّتِهِمْ ". الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعَ عَشَرَ الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعَ عَشَرَ عَنْ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَائِشَةَ: عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيٌّ: لَقَدْ عَلِمَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَنَّ جَيْشَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَأَهْلَ النَّهْرَوَانِ مَلْعُونُونَ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَيَّاشٍ: جَيْشُ الْمَرْوَةِ قَتَلَةُ عُثْمَانَ، ؓ. وَعَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، الْخَوَارِجَ فَقَالَ: شِرَارُ أُمَّتِي يَقْتُلُهُمْ خِيَارُ أُمَّتِي. وَعَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: عِنْدَكَ عِلْمٌ مِنْ ذِي الثُّدِيَّةِ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ عَلِيٌّ فِي الْحَرُورِيَّةِ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا. قَالَتْ: فَاكْتُبْ لِي بِشَهَادَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَهُمْ. فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ - وَبِهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ أَسْبَاعٌ - فَكَتَبْتُ شَهَادَةَ عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ كُلِّ سَبْعٍ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهَا بِشَهَادَتِهِمْ فَقَرَأْتُهَا عَلَيْهَا، قَالَتْ: أَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ عَايَنُوهُ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَقَدْ سَأَلْتُهُمْ فَأَخْبَرُونِي بِأَنَّ كُلَّهُمْ قَدْ عَايَنَهُ. فَقَالَتْ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ فُلَانًا ; فَإِنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُ أَصَابَهُمْ بِنِيلِ مِصْرَ. ثُمَّ أَرْخَتْ عَيْنَيْهَا فَبَكَتْ فَلَمَّا سَكَنَتْ عَبْرَتُهَا قَالَتْ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَلِيًّا ! لَقَدْ كَانَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ، وَمَا كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إِلَّا كَمَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَأَحْمَائِهَا. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ مُبْهَمَيْنِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ: قَالَ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ فِي " كِتَابِ الْخَوَارِجِ "، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ قَالَ: أَقْبَلَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ حَتَّى قَدِمَا الْعِرَاقَ فَقِيلَ لَهُمَا: مَا أَقْدَمَكُمَا الْعِرَاقَ ؟ قَالَا: رَجَوْنَا أَنْ نُدْرِكَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمْ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَوَجَدْنَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَدْ سَبَقَنَا إِلَيْهِمْ ; يَعْنِيَانِ أَهْلَ النَّهْرَوَانِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ فِي مَدْحِ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ عَلَى قِتَالِهِ الْخَوَارِجَ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: " كُنَّا جُلُوسًا نَنْتَظِرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بُيُوتِ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ، قَالَ: فَقُمْنَا مَعَهُ، فَانْقَطَعَتْ نَعْلُهُ فَتَخَلَّفَ عَلَيْهَا عَلِيٌّ يَخْصِفُهَا، فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَمَضَيْنَا مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ يَنْتَظِرُهُ وَقُمْنَا مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُقَاتِلُ عَلَى تَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ كَمَا قَاتَلْتُ عَلَى تَنْزِيلِهِ ". فَاسْتَشْرَفْنَا لَهَا وَفِينَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ فَقَالَ: " لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ خَاصِفُ النَّعْلِ ". قَالَ: فَجِئْنَا نُبَشِّرُهُ، قَالَ: فَكَأَنَّهُ قَدْ سَمِعَهُ. وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أُمَرْتُ بِقِتَالِ النَّاكِثِينَ وَالْقَاسِطِينَ وَالْمَارِقِينَ.
Translation
✧ Let us now mention the reports that have come down concerning them, from the elevated traditions traced back to the Messenger of God, ﷺ. Hadith one The first hadith, from ʿAlī, ؓ, narrated from him by Zayd b. Wahb. Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj said in his Ṣaḥīḥ: He was in the army that was with ʿAlī, ؓ, those who marched against the Khawārij. ʿAlī, ؓ, said: O people, I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, say: "A people will come forth from my community who recite the Qurʾān. Your recitation is nothing compared to their recitation, your prayer is nothing compared to their prayer, and your fasting is nothing compared to their fasting. They recite the Qurʾān, thinking that it is in their favour, while it is against them. Their prayer does not pass beyond their collarbones. They pass out of Islam as the arrow passes out of the game. If the army that meets them knew what was decreed for them on the tongue of their Prophet, ﷺ, they would rely upon that deed. The sign of that is that among them there is a man who has an upper arm but no forearm; on the top of his upper arm there is something like the nipple of a breast, with white hairs upon it. You will go to Muʿāwiyah and the people of Syria and leave these people to succeed you among your offspring and your property. By God, I hope they are that very people, for they have shed sacred blood and raided among the people's herds. So march in the name of God." Salamah said: Zayd b. Wahb made me alight at one stage after another, until he said: We passed over a bridge. When we met them, ʿAbd Allāh b. Wahb al-Rāsibī was in command of the Khawārij that day. He said to them: Cast away your spears and draw your swords from their scabbards, for I fear that they will appeal to you as they appealed to you on the day of Ḥarūrāʾ. So they turned back, cast away their spears, and drew their swords. The people engaged them with their spears. He said: Some of them were slain upon others; only two men were wounded among the people that day. ʿAlī, ؓ, said: Search for the maimed one among them. They searched for him but did not find him. Then ʿAlī, ؓ, himself went until he came to some people who had been killed one upon another. He said: Pull them apart. They found him close to the ground. He said: God is greatest. He said: God has spoken the truth and His Messenger has conveyed it. He said: ʿAbīdah al-Sulmānī stood up to him and said: O Commander of the Faithful, by God, besides whom there is no god, did you hear this from the Messenger of God, ﷺ? He said: Yes, by God, besides whom there is no god. He made him swear three times, and he swore to him. This is Muslim's wording. Hadith two The second hadith, from Ibn Masʿūd, ؓ. From ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of God, ﷺ, said: "A people will come forth in the last age, foolish of minds, young—or he said: youthful—of age, saying the best words of mankind. They recite the Qurʾān with their tongues, but it does not pass beyond their collarbones. They pass out of Islam as the arrow passes out of the game. Whoever encounters them, let him kill them, for in killing them there is a great reward with God for the one who kills them." Al-Tirmidhī said: This is a good, sound hadith. Ibn Masʿūd died about five years before the Khawārij appeared, so his hadith on this matter is among the strongest supporting evidence. Hadith three The third hadith, from Anas b. Mālik. Aḥmad said: Abū al-Mughīrah narrated it to us, saying: From Anas, from Abū Saʿīd—then he went back—that the Prophet, ﷺ, said: "There will be disagreement and schism in my community. A people who speak well but act wickedly; they recite the Qurʾān, which does not pass beyond their collarbones. One of you would regard his own prayer as small compared with their prayer, and his own fasting as small compared with their fasting. They pass out of the religion as the arrow passes out of the game. They do not return until the arrow returns to its notch. They are the worst of creation and creatures. Blessed is the one who kills them and whom they kill. They call to the Book of God, but they have nothing to do with it. Whoever fights them is nearer to God than they are." They said: O Messenger of God, what is their mark? He said: "Shaving." Hadith four The fourth hadith, from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, ؓ. Imām Aḥmad said: From Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: I was with the Messenger of God, ﷺ, in the year of al-Jiʿrānah while he was distributing silver in Bilāl's garment to the people. A man said: O Messenger of God, be just. He said: "Woe to you! Who will be just if I am not just? I would be lost if I were not just." ʿUmar said: O Messenger of God, let me kill this hypocrite. He said: "God forbid that people should say that I kill my companions. This man and his companions recite the Qurʾān, which does not pass beyond their throats—or their collarbones. They pass out of the religion as the arrow passes out of the game." Hadith five The fifth hadith, from Saʿd b. Mālik b. Uhayb al-Zuhrī, who is Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, ؓ. Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān said: From Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, who said: The Messenger of God, ﷺ, mentioned the one with the small breast, and said: "The devil of al-Radhah, like a horse-herder; a man from Bajīlah drives him away, called al-Ashhab or Ibn al-Ashhab. A sign among a wrongdoing people." Sufyān said: ʿAmmār al-Duhnī informed me that a man called al-Ashhab, or Ibn al-Ashhab, brought him. Hadith six The sixth hadith, from Abū Saʿīd; Saʿd b. Mālik b. Sinān al-Anṣārī, ؓ, with several chains from him: Among them: Imām Aḥmad said: From Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, that Abū Bakr came to the Messenger of God, ﷺ, and said: O Messenger of God, I passed through such-and-such a valley, and behold, a man, humble, of good appearance, was praying. The Messenger of God, ﷺ, said to him: "Go to him and kill him." He said: Abū Bakr went to him, but when he saw him in that state, he disliked killing him, and returned to the Messenger of God, ﷺ. The Prophet, ﷺ, said to ʿUmar: "Go and kill him." ʿUmar went and saw him in the same state in which Abū Bakr had seen him, and disliked killing him, so he returned and said: O Messenger of God, I saw him praying humbly, and I disliked killing him. He said: "ʿAlī, go and kill him." ʿAlī went but did not find him, and returned and said: O Messenger of God, I did not see him. The Messenger of God, ﷺ, said: "This man and his companions recite the Qurʾān, which does not pass beyond their collarbones. They pass out of the religion as the arrow passes out of the game, then they do not return to it until the arrow returns to its notch. Kill them, for they are the worst of creation." Aḥmad alone narrated this. Hadith eight The eighth hadith, from Salmān al-Fārisī: From Ḥumayd b. Hilāl, who said: A man came to a people and said: To whom does this tent belong? They said: To Salmān al-Fārisī. He said: Will you not come with me so that he may speak to us and we may hear from him? Some of the people went with him. He said: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, if you would bring your tent near to us and be close to us, you could speak to us and we could hear from you. He said: Who are you? He said: So-and-so, son of so-and-so. Salmān said: Goodness has reached me about you; it has reached me that you are light in the way of God, that you fight the enemy, and serve the companions of the Messenger of God, ﷺ. But if you have missed one thing, it is that you are not among those people whom the Messenger of God, ﷺ, mentioned to us. They said: That man was found slain among the companions of al-Nahrawān. Hadith nine The ninth hadith, from Sahl b. Ḥunayf al-Anṣārī: Imām Aḥmad said: From Yusayr b. ʿAmr, who said: I entered upon Sahl b. Ḥunayf and said: Tell me what you heard from the Messenger of God, ﷺ, he said: about the Ḥarūriyyah. He said: I will tell you what I heard from the Prophet, ﷺ, without adding anything to it. I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, mention a people who come forth from here—and he pointed with his hand toward Iraq—who recite the Qurʾān, which does not pass beyond their throats. They pass out of the religion as the arrow passes out of the game. He said: I said: Did he mention any mark for them? He said: This is what I heard; I will not add anything to it. Hadith twelve The twelfth hadith, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar: Imām Aḥmad said: From Shahr b. Ḥawshab, who said: When the oath of allegiance to Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah came to us, I arrived in Syria and was told of a station where Nawf al-Bikālī stood. I came to him, and a man came and withdrew from the people, wearing a cloak, and behold, it was ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. When Nawf saw him, he stopped speaking. ʿAbd Allāh said: I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, say: "There will be a migration after the migration; people will withdraw to the place to which Abraham emigrated. None will remain on earth except the worst of its people. Their land will cast them out; the soul of the Merciful will loathe them; the Fire will gather them with the apes and the swine. It will spend the night with them when they spend the night, and take its midday rest with them when they do, and will eat whoever lags behind." He said: And I heard the Messenger of God, ﷺ, say: "People from my community will come forth from the direction of the east, reciting the Qurʾān, which does not pass beyond their collarbones. Every time a generation of them emerges, it is cut off; every time a generation of them emerges, it is cut off—until he counted it more than ten times—every time a generation of them emerges, it is cut off, until the Dajjāl emerges in their remnant." Hadith fourteen The fourteenth hadith, from the Mother of the Believers ʿĀʾishah: From Ḥabīb b. Salamah, who said: ʿAlī said to me: ʿĀʾishah knew that the army of al-Marwah and the people of al-Nahrawān were cursed on the tongue of Muḥammad, ﷺ. Ibn ʿAyyāsh said: The army of al-Marwah were the killers of ʿUthmān, ؓ. From Masrūq, from ʿĀʾishah, who said: The Messenger of God, ﷺ, mentioned the Khawārij and said: "The worst of my community; the best of my community will kill them." From ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī, from Masrūq, who said: ʿĀʾishah said: Do you have knowledge of the one with the small breast whom ʿAlī encountered among the Ḥarūriyyah? I said: No. She said: Then write down for me the testimony of those who witnessed them. I returned to Kufa—at that time it had seven divisions—and I wrote down the testimony of ten from each division, then I came to her with their testimony and read it to her. She said: Did all of them see him with their own eyes? I said: I asked them, and they told me that all of them had seen him. She said: May God curse so-and-so, for he wrote to me that he had struck them at the Nile of Egypt. Then she let her eyes flow and wept. When her tears subsided, she said: May God have mercy on ʿAlī! He was upon the truth. What was between me and him was nothing but what is between a woman and her in-laws. Another hadith from two unnamed companions: Al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said in his Book of the Khawārij, from Ḥumayd b. Hilāl, who said: Two men from the people of the Hijaz set out until they reached Iraq. It was said to them: What brought you to Iraq? They said: We hoped to meet those people whom the Messenger of God, ﷺ, mentioned to us, but we found that ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib had preceded us to them—meaning the people of al-Nahrawān. Another hadith in praise of ʿAlī, ؓ, for his fighting the Khawārij. Imām Aḥmad said: From Ismāʿīl b. Rajāʾ b. Rabīʿah al-Zubaydī, from his father, who said: I heard Abū Saʿīd say: "We were sitting waiting for the Messenger of God, ﷺ, when he came out to us from the houses of some of his wives. He said: We rose with him, and his sandal broke. ʿAlī stayed behind to mend it. The Messenger of God, ﷺ, went on, and we went with him. Then he stood waiting for him, and we stood with him. He said: 'Among you is one who will fight for the interpretation of the Qurʾān as I fought for its revelation.' We looked up at it, and among us were Abū Bakr and ʿUmar. He said: 'No, but it is the mender of the sandal.' He said: We came to give him the good news, and it was as if he had already heard it." From ʿAlī, who said: I was commanded to fight the breakers of allegiance, the deviators, and the passers-out.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.