Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2064

The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib

ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ أَسْلَمُ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسْلَمُ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا رَافِعٍ:  وَكَانَ مَمْلُوكًا لِلْعَبَّاسِ، فَوَهَبَهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا بُشِّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِسْلَامِ الْعَبَّاسِ أَعْتَقَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهَاجَرَ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ بَعْدَهَا، وَزَوَّجَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلْمَى مَوْلَاتَهُ. وَتُوُفِّيَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ؓ. حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ   - وَالْيَمَانُ لَقَبٌ - وَاسْمُهُ حَسْلٌ - وَيُقَالُ: حَسِيلُ - بْنُ جَابِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جِرْوَةَ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ جِرْوَةَ هُوَ الْيَمَانُ: خَرَجَ حُذَيْفَةُ هُوَ وَأَبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمَا كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّكُمَا تُرِيدَانِ مُحَمَّدًا، فَقَالَا: مَا نُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَخَذُوا مِنْهُمَا عَهْدًا أَلَّا يُقَاتِلَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَنْ يَنْصَرِفَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَتَيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ وَقَالَا: إِنْ شِئْتَ [قَاتَلْنَا مَعَكَ]، قَالَ: بَلَى نَفِي [لَهُمْ] وَنَسْتَعِينُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَفَاتَهُمَا بَدْرٌ، وَشَهِدَ حُذَيْفَةُ أُحُدًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا. وَكَانَ حُذَيْفَةُ صَاحِبَ سِرِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِقُرْبِهِ مِنْهُ وَثِقَتِهِ بِهِ  ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَسْمَاءِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ الَّذِينَ بَخَسُوا بَعِيرَهُ لَيْلَةَ [الْعَقَبَةِ] بِتَبُوكَ، وَكَانُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ كُلُّهُمْ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَمِنْ حُلَفَائِهِمْ، وَكَانَ حُذَيْفَةُ يَقُولُ: كَانَ النَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْخَيْرِ، وَأَنَا أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الشَّرِّ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَنِي. وَوَلَّاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ الْمَدَائِنَ، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا إِلَى حِينِ وَفَاتِهِ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ: إِنِّي قَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ فُلَانًا وَأَمَرْتُهُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ حُذَيْفَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ: إِنِّي قَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ فُلَانًا فَأَطِيعُوهُ، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا رَجُلٌ لَهُ شَأْنٌ، فَرَكِبُوا لِيَلْتَقُوهُ، فَلَقُوهُ عَلَى بَغْلٍ تَحْتَهُ أَكَافٍ وَهُوَ مُعْتَرِضٌ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلَاهُ مِنْ جَانِبٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَلَمْ يَعْرِفُوهُ فَأَجَازُوهُ، فَلَقِيَهُمُ النَّاسُ، فَقَالُوا: أَيْنَ الْأَمِيرُ؟ قَالُوا: هُوَ الَّذِي لَقِيَكُمْ. قَالَ: فَرَكَضُوا فِي أَثَرِهِ، فَأَدْرَكُوهُ وَفِي يَدِهِ رَغِيفٌ وَفِي الْأُخْرَى عَرَقٌ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ، فَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَى عَظِيمٍ مِنْهُمْ فَنَاوَلَهُ الْعَرَقَ وَالرَّغِيفَ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ أَلْقَاهُ أَوْ أَعْطَاهُ لِخَادِمِهِ. وَرَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ سَلَامُ بْنُ مِسْكِينٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، فَقَالَ فِيهِ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ حُذَيْفَةُ الْمَدَائِنَ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ النَّاسُ وَالدَّهَاقِينُ وَبِيَدِهِ رَغِيفٌ وَعِرْقٌ مِنْ لَحْمٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ عَلَى أَكَافٍ، فَقَرَأَ عَهْدَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ [فَقَالُوا: سَلْنَا مَا شِئْتَ، قَالَ: أَسْأَلُكُمْ طَعَامًا آكُلُهُ، وَعَلِيقًا لِحِمَارِي هَذَا مَا دُمْتُ فِيكُمْ] فَأَقَامَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ أَنْ أَقْدِمْ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ قُدُومُهُ عُمَرَ كَمَنَ لَهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فِي مَكَانٍ لَا يَرَاهُ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْحَالِ الَّتِي خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ عَلَيْهَا، أَتَاهُ فَالْتَزَمَهُ وَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أَخِي وَأَنَا أَخُوكَ. وَعَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، قَالَ: بَكَى حُذَيْفَةُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ خَلْفَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا تُعْلِمَنَّ هَذَا أَحَدًا. وَعَنْ زِيَادٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَرَى هَذَا الْيَوْمَ آخِرَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا وَأَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْآخِرَةِ لَمْ أَتَكَلَّمْ بِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ الْفَقْرَ عَلَى الْغِنَى، وَأُحِبُّ الذِّلَّةَ عَلَى الْعِزِّ، وَأُحِبُّ الْمَوْتَ عَلَى الْحَيَاةِ، حَبِيبٌ جَاءَ عَلَى فَاقَةٍ، لَا أَفْلَحَ مَنْ نَدِمَ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَعَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ رَبِيعٍ الْعَبْسِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْنَا بِوَجَعِ حُذَيْفَةَ فَرَكِبَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فِي نَفَرٍ أَنَا فِيهِمْ إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ جِئْتُمْ بِأَكْفَانِي؟ قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَلَا تُغَالُوا بِكَفَنِي، أَفَإِنْ يَكُنْ لِصَاحِبِكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ يُبَدَّلُ خَيْرًا مِنْ كِسْوَتِكُمْ وَإِلَّا يُسْلَبَ سَلْبًا سَرِيعًا، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَمْ أَشْهَدْ، وَلَمْ أَقْتُلْ، وَلَمْ أَرْضَ. وَعَنْ بِلَالِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: عَاشَ حُذَيْفَةُ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: مَاتَ حُذَيْفَةُ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَثَلَاثِينَ. اجْتَمَعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَالْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ. الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصِيٍّ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصِيٍّ  ، وَأُمُّهُ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَكَانَ رَابِعًا أَوْ خَامِسًا، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَهَاجَرُ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ الْهِجْرَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَلَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْ غَزَاةٍ غَزَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا لَيْسَ بِالطَّوِيلِ وَلَا بِالْقَصِيرِ، إِلَى الْخِفَّةِ مَا هُوَ فِي اللَّحْمِ، خَفِيفَ اللِّحْيَةِ، أَسْمَرَ اللَّوْنِ أَشْعَرَ، وَلَهُ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ ذِكْرًا، وَتِسْعُ نِسْوَةٍ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَمُصْعَبٌ، وَعُرْوَةُ، وَالْمُنْذِرُ، وَعَاصِمٌ، وَالْمُهَاجِرُ، وَخَدِيجَةُ الْكُبْرَى، وَأُمُّ الْحَسَنِ، وَعَائِشَةُ، وَأُمُّهُمْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ. وَخَالِدٌ، وَعَمْرٌو، وَحَبِيبَةُ، وَسَوْدَةُ، وَهِنْدٌ، وَأُمُّهُمْ أُمُّ خَالِدٍ، وَهِيَ بِنْتُ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ. وَمُصْعَبٌ، وَحَمْزَةُ وَرَمْلَةُ وَأُمُّهُمْ أُمُّ الرَّبَابِ بِنْتُ أُنَيْفٍ. وَعُبَيْدَةُ، وَجَعْفَرٌ، وَأُمُّهُمَا زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ مَرْثَدٍ. وَزَيْنَبُ، وَأُمُّهَا أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ. وَخَدِيجَةُ الصُّغْرَى، وَأُمُّهَا الْحَلَالُ بِنْتُ قَيْسٍ. عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كَانَتْ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ رِيطَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ مُعْتَجِرًا بِهَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ نَزَلَتْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ عَلَى سِيمَاءِ الزُّبَيْرِ ". [وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ] قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ يَأْتِينِي بِخَبَرِ الْقَوْمِ"؟ [يَوْمَ الْأَحْزَابِ] فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: أَنَا، قَالَ: "مَنْ يَأْتِينِي بِخَبَرِ الْقَوْمِ؟ " قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: أَنَا، قَالَ: "مَنْ يَأْتِينِي بِخَبَرِ الْقَوْمِ؟ " قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: أَنَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "إِنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ حَوَارِيًّا، وَإِنَّ حَوَارِيَّ الزُّبَيْرُ   ". وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي يَوْمَ الْأَحْزَابِ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُكَ يَا أَبَهْ تُحْمَلُ عَلَى فَرَسٍ لَكَ أَشْقَرَ، قَالَ: قَدْ رَأَيْتَنِي أَيْ بُنَيَّ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمَعَ لِي أَبَوَيْهِ يَقُولُ: "فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي". وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا وَقَفَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ دَعَانِي فَقُمْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهُ لَا يُقْتَلُ الْيَوْمَ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ أَوْ مَظْلُومٌ  ، وَإِنِّي لَا أَرَانِي إِلَّا سَأُقْتَلُ الْيَوْمَ مَظْلُومًا، وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَكْبَرَ هَمِّي لَدَيْنِي، أَفَتَرَى دَيْنَنَا يُبْقِي مِنْ مَالِنَا شَيْئًا؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ بِعْ وَاقْضِ دَيْنِي وَأَوْصِ بِالثُّلُثِ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنْ مَالِنَا مِنْ بَعْدِ قَضَاءِ الدَّيْنِ شَيْءٌ فَثُلُثُهُ لِوَلَدِكَ. وَلَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ تِسْعُ بَنَاتٍ، قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ يُوصِينِي بِدَيْنِهِ وَيَقُولُ: يَا بُنَيَّ إِنْ عَجَزْتَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَاسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَايَ. قَالَ: فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا دَرَيْتُ مَا أَرَادَ حَتَّى قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَهْ، مَنْ مَوْلَاكَ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُ، فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا وَقَعْتُ فِي كُرْبَةٍ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ إِلَّا قُلْتُ: يَا مَوْلَى الزُّبَيْرِ اقْضِ عَنْهُ دَيْنَهُ، فَيَقْضِيَهُ. قَالَ: وَقُتِلَ الزُّبَيْرُ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا إِلَّا أَرَضِينَ فِيهِمَا الْغَابَةُ، وَإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ دَارًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَدَارَيْنِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، وَدَارًا بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَدَارًا بِمِصْرَ. قَالَ: وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ دَيْنُهُ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهِ بِالْمَالِ فَيَسْتَوْدِعُهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَيَقُولُ الزُّبَيْرُ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ هُوَ سَلَفٌ، إِنِّي أَخْشَى عَلَيْهِ الضَّيْعَةَ، وَمَا وَلِيَ إِمَارَةً قَطُّ وَلَا جِبَايَةً وَلَا خَرَاجًا وَلَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي غَزْوٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: فَحَسَبْتُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنِ الدِّينِ فَوَجَدْتُهُ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ، فَلَقِيَ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي كَمْ عَلَى أَخِي مَنِ الدَّيْنِ؟ قَالَ: فَكَتَمْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، فَقَالَ حَكِيمٌ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَى أَمْوَالَكُمْ تَتَّسِعُ لِهَذِهِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: أَفَرَأَيْتُكَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ؟ قَالَ: مَا أَرَاكُمْ تُطِيقُونَ هَذَا، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَاسْتَعِينُوا بِي، وَكَانَ الزُّبَيْرُ اشْتَرَى الْغَابَةَ بِسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، فَبَاعَهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بِأَلْفِ أَلْفٍ وَسِتِّمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُوَافِنَا بِالْغَابَةِ، فَأَتَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ - وَكَانَ لَهُ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ – فَقَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: إِنْ شِئْتُمْ تَرَكْتُهَا لَكُمْ وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَأَخِّرُوهَا فِيمَا تُؤَخِّرُونَ، إِنْ أَخَّرْتُمْ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: لَا، قَالَ: فَاقْطَعُوا لِي قِطْعَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: لَكَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا إِلَى هَا هُنَا، قَالَ: فَبَاعَهُ مِنْهَا بِقَضَاءِ دَيْنِهِ، فَأَوْفَاهُ وَبَقِيَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَنِصْفٌ. قَالَ: فَقَدِمَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعِنْدَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ وَالْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَابْنُ زَمْعَةَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ: كَمْ قَوَّمْتَ الْغَابَةَ؟ قَالَ: كُلُّ سَهْمٍ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، قَالَ: كَمْ بَقِيَ؟ قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَنِصْفٌ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُ سَهْمًا بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُ سَهْمًا بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَمْعَةَ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُ سَهْمًا بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: فَكَمْ بَقِيَ؟ قَالَ: سَهْمٌ وَنِصْفٌ، قَالَ: أَخَذْتُهُ بِخَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. قَالَ: وَبَاعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِسِتِّمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مِنْ قَضَاءِ دَيْنِهِ، قَالَ بَنُو الزُّبَيْرِ: اقْسِمْ بَيْنَنَا مِيرَاثَنَا، قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْسِمُ بَيْنَكُمْ مِيرَاثَكُمْ حَتَّى أُنَادِيَ فِي الْمَوْسِمِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ: أَلَا مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى الزُّبَيْرِ دَيْنٌ فَلْيَأْتِنَا فَلِنَقْضِهِ. قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ يُنَادِي بِالْمَوْسِمِ، فَلَمَّا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ قَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ لِلزُّبَيْرِ أَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ، قَالَ: وَرُبْعُ الثَّمَنِ فَأَصَابَ كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ أَلْفُ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَةُ أَلْفٍ. قَالَ: فَجَمِيعُ مَالِهِ خَمْسُونَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَتَا أَلْفٍ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: حَضَرَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ لا يُقَاتِلَ فَرَكِبَ فَرَسَهُ وَانْطَلَقَ يُرِيدُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَحِقَهُ قَوْمٌ فَقَاتَلُوهُ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ جُرْمُوزٍ فَطَعَنَهُ فَأَثْبَتَهُ فَوَقَعَ فَاعْتَوَرُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا سَيْفَهُ، وَأَخَذَ ابْنُ جُرْمُوزٍ رَأْسَهُ فَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَأَتَى بِسَيْفِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ، وَقَالَ: سَيْفٌ وَاللَّهِ طَالَ مَا جَلَّا بِهِ عَنْ وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكَرْبَ  . وَقَالَ: بَشِّرْ قَاتِلَ ابْنِ صَفِيَّةَ بِالنَّارِ، وَجَلَسَ يَبْكِي عَلَيْهِ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَأَرْجُوَ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَنَا وَطَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ. وَدُفِنَ الزُّبَيْرُ بِوَادِي السِّبَاعِ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ يَقُولُونَ: مَنْ أَرَادَ الشَّهَادَةَ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ عَاتِكَةَ، لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقُتِلَ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقُتِلَ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ عِنْدَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقُتِلَ عَنْهَا وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. زَيْدُ بْنُ صُوحَانَ بْنِ حُجْرِ بْنِ الْهِجْرِسِ زَيْدُ بْنُ صُوحَانَ بْنِ حُجْرِ بْنِ الْهِجْرِسِ، يُكَنَّى أَبَا عَائِشَةَ، [وَأَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ]:   سَمِعَ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيًّا ؓ. وَكَانَ يَصُومُ بِالنَّهَارِ وَيَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ. عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ صُوحَانَ يَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ وَيَصُومُ النَّهَارَ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْجُمْعَةِ أَحْيَاهَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَيَكْرَهُهَا [إِذَا جَاءَتْ] مِمَّا كَانَ يَلْقَى فِيهَا، فَبَلَغَ سَلْمَانَ مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ، فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ زَيْدٌ ؟ قَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: لَيْسَ هَا هُنَا، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْكَ لَمَا صَنَعْتَ طَعَامًا وَلَبِسَتْ مَحَاسِنَ ثِيَابِكَ، ثُمَّ بَعَثْتَ إِلَى زَيْدٍ، فَجَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَقَرَّبَ الطَّعَامَ، فَقَالَ سَلْمَانُ: كُلْ يَا زَيْدُ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، قَالَ: كُلْ يَا زَيْدُ لَا تَنْقُصُ دِينَكَ، إِنَّ شَرَّ السَّيْرِ الْحَقْحَقَةُ، إِنَّ لِعَيْنِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ لِبَدَنِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ لِزَوْجِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، كُلْ يَا زَيْدُ، فَأَكَلَ، وَتَرَكَ مَا يَصْنَعُ. قُتِلَ زَيْدٌ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، فَقَالَ: ادْفِنُونِي فِي ثِيَابِي، فَإِنِّي مُخَاصِمٌ، وَلَا تَغْسِلُوا عَنِّي دَمًا، وَلَا تَنْزِعُوا عَنِّي ثَوْبًا. طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، يُكَنَّى أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ  : وَأُمُّهُ الصَّعْبَةُ بِنْتُ عَمَّارٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَأُمُّهَا عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ وَهْبِ بْنِ قُصَيِّ بْنِ كِلَابٍ. وَكَانَ وَهْبٌ صَاحِبَ الرِّفَادَةِ دُونَ قُرَيْشٍ كُلِّهَا. وَكَانَ لِطَلْحَةَ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَهُوَ السَّجَّادُ، وَبِهِ كَانَ يُكَنَّى، قُتِلَ مَعَهُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، وَعِمْرَانُ، وَأُمُّهُمَا حَمْنَةُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ. وَمُوسَى، وَأُمُّهُ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لِلْقَعْقَاعِ تَيَّارُ الْفُرَاتِ مِنْ سَخَائِهِ. وَيَعْقُوبُ وَكَانَ جَوَادًا قُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْحَرَّةِ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ، وَإِسْحَاقُ، وَأُمُّهُمْ أُمُّ أَبَانَ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ. وَزَكَرِيَّا، وَيُوسُفُ، وَعَائِشَةُ، أُمُّهُمْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ. وَعِيسَى وَيَحْيَى، وَأُمُّهُمَا سُعْدَى بِنْتُ عَوْفٍ. وَأُمُّ إِسْحَاقَ تَزَوَّجَهَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ طَلْحَةَ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا، فَخَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ فَاطِمَةَ، وَالصَّعْبَةَ، وَمَرْيَمَ، وَصَالِحَ الْأُمَّهَاتِ. وَكَانَ طَلْحَةُ آدَمَ كَثِيرَ الشَّعْرِ لَيْسَ بِالْجَعْدِ الْقَطِطِ، وَلَا بِالسَّبْطِ، حَسَنَ الْوَجْهِ، دَقِيقَ الْقَرْنَيْنِ لَا يُغَيِّرُ شَعْرَهُ  . وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: حَضَرْتُ سُوقَ بُصْرَى فَإِذَا رَاهِبٌ فِي صَوْمَعَتِهِ يَقُولُ: سَلُوا أَهْلَ هَذَا الْمَوْسِمِ أَفِيهِمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرَمِ ؟ قَالَ طَلْحَةُ: فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ أَنَا، فَقَالَ: هَلْ ظَهَرَ أَحْمَدُ بَعْدُ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَمَنْ أَحْمَدُ ؟ قَالَ: ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، [هَذَا شَهْرُهُ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ آَخِرُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَمَخْرَجُهُ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ، وَمُهَاجَرُهُ إِلَى نَخْلٍ وَحَرَّةٍ وَسِبَاخٍ، فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُسْبَقَ إِلَيْهِ]، قَالَ طَلْحَةُ: فَوَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِي مَا قَالَ، فَخَرَجْتُ سَرِيعًا حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ مَكَّةَ، فَقُلْتُ: هَلْ كَانَ مِنْ حَدَثٍ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَمِينُ تَنَبَّأَ وَقَدْ تَبِعَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقُلْتُ: اتَّبَعْتَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَانْطَلِقْ إِلَيْهِ فَادْخُلْ عَلَيْهِ فَاتَّبِعْهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْحَقِّ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ طَلْحَةُ بِمَا قَالَ الرَّاهِبُ، فَخَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِطَلْحَةَ فَدَخَلَ بِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَسْلَمَ طَلْحَةُ، وَأَخْبَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا قَالَ الرَّاهِبُ، فَسُرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أَخَذَهُمَا نَوْفَلُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ الْعَدَوِيَّةِ فَشَّدَهُمَا فِي حَبْلٍ وَاحِدٍ وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُمَا بَنُو تَيْمٍ، وَكَانَ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدٍ يُدْعَى أَسَدَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَطَلْحَةُ الْقَرِينَيْنِ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: آخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ طَلْحَةَ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ  ، وَبَعَثَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَحَسَّسَانِ خَبَرَ الْعِيرِ، فَخَرَجَا فَفَاتَتْهُمَا بَدْرٌ، فَضَرَبَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسِهَامِهِمَا وَأُجُورِهِمَا، فَكَانَا كَمَنْ شَهِدَهَا. وَشَهِدَ طَلْحَةُ أُحُدًا، وَثَبَتَ يَوْمَئِذٍ حِينَ وَلِيَ النَّاسَ  ، وَرَمَى مَالِكُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاتَّقَى طَلْحَةُ بِيَدِهِ عَنْ وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَصَابَتْ خِنْصَرَهُ فَشُلَّتْ أُصْبُعَاهُ، وَجُرِحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ جِرَاحَةً، وَقَعَ مِنْهَا فِي رَأْسِهِ شَجَّةٌ، فَلَمَّا كُسِرَتْ رَبَاعِيَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَشُجَّ فِي وَجْهِهِ احْتَمَلَهُ طَلْحَةُ وَرَجَعَ بِهِ الْقَهْقَرَى، كُلَّمَا أَدْرَكَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَاتَلَ دُونَهُ حَتَّى أَسْنَدَهُ إِلَى الشِّعْبِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَوْجَبَ طَلْحَةُ ". وَعَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي جَدَّتِي سُعْدَى ابْنَةُ عَوْفٍ الْمُرِّيَّةُ، قَالَتْ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى طَلْحَةَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا لِي أَرَاكَ مَهْمُومًا؟ قَالَ: عِنْدِي مَالٌ قَدْ أَهَمَّنِي، فَقَسَمْتُهُ. فَسَأَلْتُهَا: كَمْ كَانَ الْمَالُ؟ قَالَتْ: أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّ طَلْحَةً بَاعَ أَرْضًا لَهُ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ بِسَبْعمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَحَمَلَهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ بِهَا، قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا يُبَيِّتُ هَذِهِ عِنْدَهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَطْرُقُهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَغَرِيرٌ بِاللَّهِ، فَبَاتَ وَرُسُلُهُ تَخْتَلِفُ بِهَا فِي سِكَكِ الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى أَسْحَرَ وَمَا عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا دِرْهَمٌ. حَضَرَ طَلْحَةُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، فَرَمَاهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَنْزِفُ الدَّمَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ خُذْ لِعُثْمَانَ مِنِّي حَتَّى يَرْضَى، فَمَاتَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسِتِّينَ. وَتَرَكَ طَلْحَةُ مِنَ الْعَيْنِ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَمِائَتَيْ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَتَرَكَ عُرُوضًا كَثِيرَةً، وَقُوِّمْتُ أُصُولُهُ وَعَقَارُهُ ثَمَانِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: حُدِّثْتُ أَنَّ طَلْحَةَ تَرَكَ مِائَةَ بَهَارٍ فِي كُلِّ بَهَارٍ ثَلَاثَةُ قَنَاطِيرِ ذَهَبٍ. وَسَمِعْتُ أَنَّ الْبَهَارَ جِلْدُ ثَوْرٍ. تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ شَرْحُهُ. عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ وَرْقَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ وَرْقَاءَ  : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، وَشَهِدَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ صِفِّينَ، وَقُتِلَ هُنَاكَ. عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُدَيْسٍ الْبَلَوِيُّ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُدَيْسٍ الْبَلَوِيُّ  : بَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ. وَرَوَى عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَشَهِدَ فَتْحَ مِصْرَ، وَاخْتَطَّ بِهَا، وَكَانَ رَئِيسَ الْخَيْلِ الَّتِي سَارَتْ مِنْ مِصْرَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، وَقُتِلَ بِفِلَسْطِينَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، كَانَ قَدْ سُجِنَ فَهَرَبَ فَأَدْرَكَهُ فَارِسٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِي دَمِي فَإِنِّي مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَقَالَ: الشَّجَرُ فِي الْجَبَلِ كَثِيرٌ، [فَقَتَلَهُ]. عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ ضَبَّةَ أَبُو شَدَّادٍ عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ ضَبَّةَ، أَبُو شَدَّادٍ  : شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. قُدَامَةُ بْنُ مَظْعُونِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ أَبُو عُمَرَ قُدَامَةُ بْنُ مَظْعُونِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، أَبُو عُمَرَ  : هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ الْهِجْرَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْخَنْدَقَ وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. كَعْبُ بْنُ سُورِ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْأَزْدِيُّ كَعْبُ بْنُ سُورِ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْأَزْدِيُّ  : وَلَّاهُ عُمَرُ قَضَاءَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ تَوْلِيَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَعْنٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ، قَالَ: أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ زَوْجِي يَصُومُ النَّهَارَ وَيَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ، وَأَنَا أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَشْكُوَهُ وَهُوَ يَعْمَلُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَقَالَ لَهَا: نِعْمَ الزَّوْجُ زَوْجُكِ، فَجَعَلَتْ تُكَرِّرُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلَ وَهُوَ يُكَرِّرُ عَلَيْهَا الْجَوَابَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ كَعْبٌ الْأَزْدِيُّ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ تَشْكُو زَوْجَهَا فِي مُبَاعَدَتِهِ إِيَّاهَا عَنْ فِرَاشِهِ، قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: كَمَا فَهِمْتَ كَلَامَهَا فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ كَعْبٌ: عَلَيَّ بِزَوْجِهَا، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: امْرَأَتُكَ هَذِهِ تَشْكُوكَ، قَالَ: أَفِي طَعَامٍ أَوْ شَرَابٍ، قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ تَرْتَجِزُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الْقَاضِي الْحَكِيمُ رُشْدُهْ أَلْهَى خَلِيلِي عَنْ فِرَاشِي مَسْجِدُهْ     زُهْدُهُ فِي مَضْجَعِي تَعَبُّدُهْ نَهَارُهُ وَلَيْلُهُ مَا يَرْقُدُهْ     فَلَسْتُ فِي أَمْرِ النِّسَاءِ أَحْمَدُهْ فَاقْضِ الْقَضَاءَ يَا كَعْبُ لَا تَرْدُدُهْ فَقَالَ زَوْجُهَا: أَزْهَدَنِي فِي فَرْشِهَا وَفِي الْحِجَلْ     أَنِّي امْرُؤٌ أَذْهَلَنِي مَا قَدْ نَزَلَ فِي سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ وَفِي السَّبْعِ الطُّوَلْ     وَفِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَخْوِيفٌ جَلَلْ فَقَالَ كَعْبٌ: إِنَّ لَهَا عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا يَا رَجُلْ     تُصِيبُهَا فِي أَرْبَعٍ لِمَنْ عَقَلْ فَاعْطِهَا ذَاكَ وَدَعْ عَنْكَ الْعِلَلْ ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَلَّ لَكَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ، فَلَكَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَلَيَالِيهِنَّ تَعْبُدُ فِيهِنَّ رَبَّكَ، وَلَهَا يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي مِنْ أَيِّ أَمْرٍ بِكَ أَعْجَبُ، أَمِنْ فَهْمِكَ أَمْرَهُمَا أَمْ مِنْ حُكْمِكَ؟ اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ وَلَّيْتُكَ قَضَاءَ الْبَصْرَةِ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ طَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَعَائِشَةُ يُرْجِي اللَّهُ عَنْهُمُ الْبَصْرَةَ دَخَلَ كَعْبٌ إِلَى بَيْتٍ وَطِينٍ عَلَيْهِ، وَجَعَلَ فِيهِ كُوَّةً يَتَنَاوَلُ مِنْهَا طَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ اعْتِزَالًا لِلْفِتْنَةِ، فَقِيلَ لِعَائِشَةَ: إِنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ سُورٍ إِنْ خَرَجَ مَعَكِ لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ أَحَدٌ، فَرَكِبَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَنَادَتْهُ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهَا، فَقَالَتْ: يَا كَعْبُ أَلَسْتُ أُمَّكَ وَلِي عَلَيْكَ حَقٌّ، فَكَلَّمَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُصْلِحَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَخَرَجَ فَأَخَذَ الْمُصْحَفَ فَنَشَرَهُ وَمَشَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى مَا فِيهِ، فَجَاءَهُ سَهْمٌ غَرِبٌ فَقَتَلَهُ. وَكَانَ خَيِّرًا صَالِحًا وَلَيْسَ لَهُ حَدِيثٌ. هَاشِمُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ هَاشِمُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَهُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْمُرِّ  : قَالَ: وَهُوَ أَخُو نَافِعِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَابْنُ أَخِي سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ. أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، وَحَضَرَ مَعَ عَمِّهِ سَعْدٍ حَرْبَ الْفُرْسِ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا هَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْعَدُوَّ، وَرَجَعُوا إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ اتَّبَعَهُمْ سَعْدٌ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَدَلَّ عِلْجٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدَائِنِ سَعْدًا عَلَى مَخَاضَةٍ، فَخَاضُوا وَأَتَوُا الْمَدَائِنَ فَحَاصَرُوهَا وَهَاشِمٌ فِيهِمْ. وَقُتِلَ بِصِفِّينَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ. ذكر قَتْلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ  فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَتَرَكَ ابْنَهُ مُحَمَّدًا هَذَا، فَكَفَلَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانٍ وَأَحْسَنَ تَرْبِيَتَهُ، وَكَانَ فِيمَا قِيلَ: أَصَابَ شَرَابًا فَحَدَّهُ عُثْمَانُ، ثُمَّ تَنَسَّكَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْعِبَادَةِ، وَطَلَبَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَهُ عَمَلًا، فَقَالَ: لَوْ كُنْتَ أَهْلًا لِذَلِكَ لَوَلَّيْتُكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي قَدْ رَغِبْتُ فِي غَزْوِ الْبَحْرِ فَأْذَنْ [ لِي ] فِي إِتْيَانِ مِصْرَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ وَجَهَّزَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَهَا رَأَى النَّاسُ عِبَادَتَهُ فَلَزِمُوهُ وَعَظَّمُوهُ، وَغَزَا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ غَزْوَةَ الصَّوَارِي. وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَعِيبُهُ وَيَعِيبُ عُثْمَانَ بِتَوْلِيَتِهِ وَيَقُولُ: اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلًا أَبَاحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَمَهُ. فَكَتَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ أَفْسَدَ عَلَيَّ الْبِلَادَ هُوَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: أَمَّا ابْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُوهَبُ لِأَبِيهِ وَلِعَائِشَةَ، وَأَمَّا ابْنُ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنِي وَابْنُ أَخِي وَتَرْبِيَتِي وَهُوَ فَرْخُ قُرَيْشٍ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْفَرْخَ قَدِ اسْتَوَى رِيشُهُ وَلَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَطِيرَ. فَبَعَثَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ بِثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَبِجَمَلٍ عَلَيْهِ كُسْوَةٌ، فَوَضَعَهَا مُحَمَّدٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَلَا تَرَوْنَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ يُخَادِعُنِي عَنْ دِينِي وَيَرْشُونِي عَلَيْهِ ! فَازْدَادَ أَهْلُ مِصْرَ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ وَطَعْنًا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ، ( وَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى رِيَاسَتِهِمْ )، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُثْمَانُ يُذَكِّرُهُ بِرَّهُ بِهِ وَتَرْبِيَتَهُ إِيَّاهُ وَقِيَامَهُ بِشَأْنِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّكَ كَفَرْتَ إِحْسَانِي أَحْوَجُ مَا كُنْتُ إِلَى شُكْرِكَ. فَلَمْ يَرُدُّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ ذَمَّهِ وَتَأْلِيبِ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ، وَحَثِّهِمْ عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ إِلَى حَصْرِهِ، وَمُسَاعَدَةِ مَنْ يُرِيدُ ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا سَارَ الْمِصْرِيُّونَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، أَقَامَ هُوَ بِمِصْرَ، وَخَرَجَ عَنْهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، ( فَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهَا ) وَضَبَطَهَا، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهَا مُقِيمًا حَتَّى قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ وَبُويِعَ عَلِيٌّ، وَاتَّفَقَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَلَى خِلَافِ عَلِيٍّ، فَسَارَ إِلَى مِصْرَ قَبْلَ قُدُومِ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ إِلَيْهَا أَمِيرًا، فَأَرَادَ دُخُولَهَا فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَخَدَعَ مُحَمَّدًا حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْعَرِيشِ فِي أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ، فَتَحَصَّنَ بِهَا، فَنَصَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَنْجَنِيقَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقُتِلَ. وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، لِأَنَّ عَلِيًّا اسْتَعْمَلَ قَيْسًا عَلَى مِصْرَ أَوَّلَ مَا بُويِعَ لَهُ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ قَتَلَهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَعَمْرٌو قَبْلَ وُصُولِ قَيْسٍ إِلَى مِصْرَ لَاسْتَوْلَيَا عَلَيْهَا ; لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهَا أَمِيرٌ يَمْنَعُهُمَا عَنْهَا، وَلَا خِلَافَ أَنَّ اسْتِيلَاءَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَمْرٍو عَلَيْهَا كَانَ بَعْدَ صِفِّينِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ سَيَّرَ الْمِصْرِيِّينَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، فَلَمَّا حَصَرُوهُ أَخْرَجَ مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مِصْرَ، وَهُوَ عَامِلُ عُثْمَانَ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهَا، فَنَزَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَلَى تُخُومِ مِصْرَ، وَانْتَظَرَ أَمْرَ عُثْمَانَ، فَطَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ رَاكِبٌ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِقَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ، فَاسْتَرْجَعَ، وَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا صَنَعَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِبَيْعَةِ عَلِيٍّ، فَاسْتَرْجَعَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: كَأَنَّ إِمْرَةَ عَلِيٍّ تَعْدِلُ عِنْدَكَ قَتْلَ عُثْمَانَ ! قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: أَظُنُّكَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ. فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَ فِي نَفْسِكَ حَاجَةٌ فَالنَّجَاءَ النَّجَاءَ، فَإِنَّ رَأْيَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيٍّ فِيكَ وَفِي أَصْحَابِكَ إِنْ ظَفِرَ بِكُمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلَكُمْ أَوْ يَنْفِيَكُمْ، وَهَذَا بَعْدِي أَمِيرٌ يَقْدَمُ عَلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ: مَنْ هُوَ ؟ قَالَ قَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: أَبْعَدَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ بَغَى عَلَى ابْنِ عَمِّهِ وَسَعَى عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ كَفَلَهُ وَرَبَّاهُ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَسَاءَ جِوَارَهُ وَجَهَّزَ إِلَيْهِ الرِّجَالَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، ثُمَّ وَلَّى عَلَيْهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَبْعَدُ مِنْهُ وَمِنْ عُثْمَانَ، وَلَمْ يُمَتِّعْهُ بِسُلْطَانِ بِلَادِهِ شَهْرًا، وَلَمْ يَرَهْ لِذَلِكَ أَهْلًا. وَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هَارِبًا حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ قَيْسًا وَلِيَ مِصْرَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ حَيٌّ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عَمْرًا سَارَ إِلَى مِصْرَ بَعْدَ صِفِّينَ، فَلَقِيَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ فِي جَيْشٍ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى عَمْرٌو كَثْرَةَ مَنْ مَعَهُ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ، فَالْتَقَيَا وَاجْتَمَعَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو: إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ مَا تَرَى وَقَدْ بَايَعْتُ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ، يَعْنِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَمَا أَنَا بِرَاضٍ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، وَإِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَكَ عَلِيًّا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ نَفْسًا وَقَدِيمًا وَأَوْلَى بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ، فَوَاعِدْنِي مَوْعِدًا أَلْتَقِي مَعَكَ فِيهِ فِي غَيْرِ جَيْشٍ، تَأْتِي فِي مِائَةٍ وَآتِي فِي مِثْلِهَا، وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا إِلَّا السُّيُوفُ فِي الْقُرُبِ. فَتَعَاهَدَا وَتَعَاقَدَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَاتَّعَدَا الْعَرِيشَ، وَرَجَعَ عَمْرٌو إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْأَجَلُ سَارَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِي مِائَةٍ، وَجَعَلَ عَمْرٌو لَهُ جَيْشًا خَلْفَهُ لِيَنْطَوِيَ خَبَرُهُ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيَا بِالْعَرِيشِ قَدِمَ جَيْشُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى أَثَرِهِ، فَعَلِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَنَّهُ قَدْ غُدِرَ بِهِ، فَدَخَلَ قَصْرًا بِالْعَرِيشِ فَتَحَصَّنَ بِهِ، فَحَصَرَهُ عَمْرٌو وَرَمَاهُ بِالْمَنْجَنِيقِ حَتَّى أُخِذَ أَسِيرًا، وَبَعَثَ بِهِ عَمْرٌو إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فَسَجَنَهُ، وَكَانَتِ ابْنَةُ قَرَظَةَ امْرَأَةَ مُعَاوِيَةَ ابْنَةَ عَمَّةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ أُمُّهَا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ، فَكَانَتْ تَصْنَعُ لَهُ طَعَامًا تُرْسِلُهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمًا فِي الطَّعَامِ مَبَارِدَ، فَبَرَدَ بِهَا قُيُودَهُ وَهَرَبَ فَاخْتَفَى فِي غَارٍ فَأُخِذَ وَقُتِلَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ بَقِيَ مَحْبُوسًا إِلَى أَنْ قُتِلَ حُجْرُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ هَرَبَ، فَطَلَبَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ السَّكُّونِيُّ، فَظَفِرَ بِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ غَضَبًا لِحُجْرٍ، وَكَانَ مَالِكٌ قَدْ شَفَعَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي حُجْرٍ فَلَمْ يُشَفِّعْهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ لَمَّا قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ خَرَجَ فِي جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ إِلَى عَمْرٍو ( فَآمَنُهُ عَمْرٌو )، ثُمَّ غَدَرَ بِهِ وَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِفِلَسْطِينَ فَحَبَسَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ هَرَبَ، فَأَظْهَرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ لِلنَّاسِ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ هَرَبَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِطَلَبِهِ، فَسَارَ فِي أَثَرِهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ ظَلَّامٍ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ بِحَوْرَانَ فِي غَارٍ، وَجَاءَتْ حُمُرٌ تَدْخُلُ الْغَارَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ مُحَمَّدًا نَفَرَتْ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ هُنَاكَ نَاسٌ يَحْصُدُونَ، فَقَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ لِنُفْرَةِ هَذِهِ الْحُمُرِ لَشَأْنًا. فَذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْغَارِ فَرَأَوْهُ، فَخَرَجُوا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، فَوَافَقَهُمْ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْهُ وَوَصَفَهُ لَهُمْ، فَقَالُوا: هُوَ فِي الْغَارِ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِهِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَيُخْلِي سَبِيلَهُ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ، وَكَانَ ابْنَ خَالِ مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَمِمَّنْ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ أَخُو طَلْحَةَ، لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ. وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَيْسِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ. وَفِيهَا قُتِلَ الْمُحْرِزُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمَّسٍ، لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ عُمَرُ عَلَى مَكَّةَ ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ. وَفِيهَا قُتِلَ مُعَرِّضُ بْنُ عِلَاطٍ السُّلَمِيُّ أَخُو الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ عِلَاطٍ، قُتِلَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، وَفِيهَا قُتِلَ مُجَاشِعٌ وَمُجَالِدٌ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ السُّلَمِيَّانِ مَعَ عَائِشَةَ، لَهُمَا صُحْبَةٌ، فَأَمَّا مُجَاشِعٌ فَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ فِي الْجَمَلِ. وَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ الْقُرَشِيُّ مَعَ عَائِشَةَ، وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَفِيهَا قُتِلَ هِنْدُ بْنُ أَبِي هَالَةَ الْأُسَيِّدِيُّ، أُمُّهُ خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، وَقِيلَ مَاتَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ. ( الْأُسَيِّدِيُّ بِضَمِّ الْهَمْزَةِ، مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَى أُسَيِّدٍ بِتَشْدِيدِ الْيَاءِ، وَهُمْ بَطْنٌ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ. وَقُتِلَ هِلَالُ بْنُ وَكِيعِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ مَعَ عَائِشَةَ، لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ، وَفِيهَا قُتِلُ مُعَاذُ بْنُ عَفْرَاءَ أَخُو مُعَوِّذٍ، وَهُمَا ابْنَا الْحَرْثِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّانِ، وَشَهِدَا بَدْرًا، وَقُتِلَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، وَقِيلَ: عَاشَ وَقُتِلَ فِي وَقْعَةِ الْحَرَّةِ.

Translation

✧ Mention of the notables who died in this year Aslam, the mawlā of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Aslam, the mawlā of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, known as Abū Rāfiʿ: He was a slave belonging to al-ʿAbbās, who gave him as a gift to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was given the good news of al-ʿAbbās's acceptance of Islam, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ freed him. He emigrated to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after Badr and was present at Uḥud and the battles after it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married him to Salmā, his freedwoman. He died after the killing of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān ؓ. Ḥudhayfah b. al-Yamān Ḥudhayfah b. al-Yamān — and al-Yamān is a nickname — his name was Ḥasl — and it is said: Ḥusayl — b. Jābir b. Rabīʿah b. ʿAmr b. Jirwah. He was known as Abū ʿAbd Allāh. It is said that Jirwah is al-Yamān. Ḥudhayfah and his father set out, and the disbelievers of Quraysh seized them and said, "You two want Muḥammad." They said, "We only want al-Madīnah." So they took a pledge from them that they would not fight with the Prophet ﷺ and that they would go back to al-Madīnah. They came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him, and they said, "If you wish, [we will fight with you]." He said, "Rather, we will fulfill [our pledge to them] and seek Allah's help against them." Thus they missed Badr. Ḥudhayfah was present at Uḥud and what came after it. Ḥudhayfah was the keeper of the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ secret because of his closeness to him and his trust in him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him the names of the hypocrites who hamstrung his camel on the night of [al-ʿAqabah] at Tabūk. They were twelve, all of them from the Anṣār and their allies. Ḥudhayfah used to say: People used to ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about good, but I used to ask him about evil, fearing that it might overtake me. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb appointed him over al-Madāʾin, and he remained there until the time of his death. On the authority of Ibn Sīrīn, who said: When ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ sent a governor, he would write to them: "I have sent you so-and-so and commanded him to do such-and-such, so listen to him and obey." But when he sent Ḥudhayfah, he wrote to them: "I have sent you so-and-so, so obey him." They said, "This is a man of consequence." So they rode out to meet him. They met him on a mule with a packsaddle under him, his legs dangling over one side, but they did not recognize him and let him pass. Then the people met them and asked, "Where is the governor?" They said, "He is the one who passed you." So they galloped after him and caught up with him while he had a loaf of bread in one hand and a bone with meat in the other, and he was eating. They greeted him. He looked at an important man among them and handed him the meat bone and the loaf. When the man was distracted, he threw it away or gave it to his servant. Sallām b. Miskīn narrated this ḥadīth from Ibn Sīrīn and said in it: When Ḥudhayfah arrived at al-Madāʾin, the people and the village chiefs came out to meet him, and he had in his hand a loaf of bread and a bone with meat, and he was on a donkey with a packsaddle. He read his letter of appointment to them. [They said: "Ask us what you wish." He said: "I ask you for food that I may eat, and fodder for this donkey of mine as long as I remain among you."] He stayed as long as Allah willed, then ʿUmar wrote to him to come. When ʿUmar learned of his arrival, he lay in wait for him on the road in a place where Ḥudhayfah could not see him. When ʿUmar saw him in the same condition as when he had left him, he came to him and embraced him and said, "You are my brother and I am your brother." On the authority of al-Aʿmash, who said: Ḥudhayfah wept in his prayer. When he finished, he turned and saw a man behind him, and he said, "Do not inform anyone of this." On the authority of Ziyād, the mawlā of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Someone who entered upon Ḥudhayfah during the illness in which he died told me that he said: "Were it not that I see this day as the last day of the days of this world and the first day of the days of the Hereafter, I would not speak of it. O Allah, You know that I used to love poverty over wealth, and I used to love abasement over honor, and I used to love death over life. A beloved has come in a state of need. He who regrets will not prosper." Then he died, may Allah have mercy on him. On the authority of Khālid b. Rabīʿ al-ʿAbsī, who said: We heard of Ḥudhayfah's illness, and Abū Masʿūd al-Anṣārī rode to him with a group of us to al-Madāʾin. We came to him during part of the night, and he said, "Have you brought my shrouds?" We said, "Yes." He said, "Do not be extravagant with my shroud. If your companion has good with Allah, he will be given better than your clothing; otherwise, he will be stripped quickly." Then he mentioned ʿUthmān and said, "O Allah, I did not witness, I did not kill, and I did not approve." On the authority of Bilāl b. Yaḥyā, who said: Ḥudhayfah lived forty nights after the killing of ʿUthmān. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: Ḥudhayfah died in the year thirty-six. Al-Wāqidī and al-Haytham b. ʿAdī agreed on that. Al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Quṣayy Al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Quṣayy, and his mother was Ṣafiyyah bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. He was known as Abū ʿAbd Allāh. He accepted Islam after Abū Bakr, being the fourth or fifth to do so, and he was then sixteen years old. He made the two emigrations to the land of Abyssinia together, and he did not miss any expedition that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ undertook. He was a man neither tall nor short, tending toward lightness in flesh, with a sparse beard, brown-skinned, and hairy. He had eleven sons and nine daughters: ʿAbd Allāh, Muṣʿab, ʿUrwah, al-Mundhir, ʿĀṣim, al-Muhājir, Khadījah al-Kubrā, Umm al-Ḥasan, and ʿĀʾishah, whose mother was Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr. Khālid, ʿAmr, Ḥabībah, Sawdah, and Hind, whose mother was Umm Khālid, who was bt. Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ. Muṣʿab, Ḥamzah, and Ramlah, whose mother was Umm al-Rabāb bt. Unayf. ʿUbaydah and Jaʿfar, whose mother was Zaynab bt. Marthad. Zaynab, whose mother was Umm Kulthūm bt. ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ. And Khadījah al-Ṣughrā, whose mother was al-Ḥalāl bt. Qays. On the authority of Hishām b. ʿUrwah, from his father, who said: On the day of Badr, al-Zubayr wore a yellow cloak as a turban. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The angels descended from heaven bearing the mark of al-Zubayr." [And on the authority of Jābir], who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Who will bring me news of the people?" [on the day of the Confederates]. Al-Zubayr said, "I will." He said, "Who will bring me news of the people?" Al-Zubayr said, "I will." He said, "Who will bring me news of the people?" Al-Zubayr said, "I will." The Prophet ﷺ said: "Every prophet has a disciple, and my disciple is al-Zubayr." And on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, who said: I said to my father on the day of the Confederates, "Father, I saw you being carried on a chestnut horse of yours." He said, "Did you see me, my son?" I said, "Yes." He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ combined for me his parents, saying: 'May my father and mother be your ransom.'" And on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, who said: When al-Zubayr stopped on the day of the Camel, he called me and I stood at his side. He said, "My son, no one is killed today except a wrongdoer or one wronged, and I do not think I will be killed today except as one wronged. Among my greatest concerns is my debt. Do you think our debt will leave any of our property?" Then he said, "My son, sell and pay off my debt, and bequeath a third. If any of our property remains after paying the debt, then a third of it is for your children." He had nine daughters that day. He said: He kept advising me about his debt and saying, "My son, if you are unable to do any of it, seek help from my master." He said: By Allah, I did not know what he meant until I said, "Father, who is your master?" He said, "Allah." By Allah, I never fell into any difficulty regarding his debt except that I said, "O Master of al-Zubayr, settle his debt on his behalf," and He settled it. He said: Al-Zubayr was killed and left neither a dinar nor a dirham except lands, among which was al-Ghābah, eleven houses in al-Madīnah, two houses in al-Baṣrah, a house in al-Kūfah, and a house in Egypt. He said: His debt arose because a man would bring him money to deposit with him, and al-Zubayr would say, "No, but it is a loan, for I fear it may be lost." He never held a governorship, nor collected taxes, nor kharāj, nor anything else, except when on campaign with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and with Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, and ʿUthmān ؓ. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr said: I calculated the debt he owed and found it to be two million and two hundred thousand. Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām met ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr and said, "O son of my brother, how much debt does my brother owe?" He said: I concealed it from him and said, "One hundred thousand." Ḥakīm said, "By Allah, I do not think your wealth is sufficient for this." ʿAbd Allāh said, "What do you think if it were two million and two hundred thousand?" He said, "I do not think you can bear this. If you are unable to do any of it, seek my help." Al-Zubayr had bought al-Ghābah for one hundred and seventy thousand, and ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr sold it for one million six hundred thousand. Then he stood up and said, "Whoever has a claim against al-Zubayr, let him meet us at al-Ghābah." ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar came to him — and he had a claim against al-Zubayr of four hundred thousand — and said to ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, "If you wish, I will leave it for you; or if you wish, postpone it among what you postpone, if you postpone anything." ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr said, "No." He said, "Then cut off a piece for me." ʿAbd Allāh said to him, "You have from here to here." He said: So he sold him from it to settle his debt, and he paid him off, leaving four and a half shares. He said: He went to Muʿāwiyah, and with him were ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān, al-Mundhir b. al-Zubayr, and Ibn Zamʿah. He said: Muʿāwiyah said to him, "How much did you value al-Ghābah at?" He said, "Each share is one hundred thousand." He said, "How much remains?" He said, "Four and a half shares." He said: Al-Mundhir b. al-Zubayr said, "I have taken a share for one hundred thousand." ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān said, "I have taken a share for one hundred thousand." Ibn Zamʿah said, "I have taken a share for one hundred thousand." Muʿāwiyah said, "How much remains?" He said, "One and a half shares." He said, "I have taken it for one hundred and fifty thousand." He said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar sold his portion to Muʿāwiyah for six hundred thousand. When Ibn al-Zubayr finished paying off his debt, the sons of al-Zubayr said, "Divide our inheritance among us." He said, "No, by Allah, I will not divide your inheritance among you until I call out at the pilgrimage season for four years: 'Whoever has a debt against al-Zubayr, let him come to us so that we may pay it.'" He said: So every year he called out at the pilgrimage season. When four years had passed, he divided it among them. He said: Al-Zubayr had four wives. He said: And a fourth of an eighth, so each woman received one million one hundred thousand. He said: Thus his entire wealth was fifty million two hundred thousand. The scholars of biography said: Al-Zubayr was present on the day of the Camel, but then it occurred to him not to fight, so he mounted his horse and set off for al-Madīnah. A group of people caught up with him and fought him. ʿAmr b. Jarmūz attacked him and thrust at him, striking him down, and he fell. They finished him off and took his sword. Ibn Jarmūz took his head and carried it to ʿAlī, and brought his sword. ʿAlī ؓ took it and said, "A sword, by Allah, which long dispelled distress from the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said, "Give the killer of Ibn Ṣafiyyah the tidings of the Fire." Then he sat weeping over him, he and his companions, and said, "I hope that I, Ṭalḥah, and al-Zubayr are among those of whom Allah said: 'And We shall remove whatever rancor is in their breasts.'" Al-Zubayr was buried in Wādī al-Sibāʿ. He was married to ʿĀtikah bt. Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl. The people of al-Madīnah used to say: Whoever desires martyrdom, let him marry ʿĀtikah, for she was married to ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr, and he was killed leaving her; then she was married to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, and he was killed leaving her; then to al-Zubayr, and he was killed leaving her. He was sixty-four years old. Zayd b. Ṣūḥān b. Ḥujr b. al-Hijris Zayd b. Ṣūḥān b. Ḥujr b. al-Hijris, known as Abū ʿĀʾishah, [and Abū ʿAbd Allāh]: He heard ʿUmar and ʿAlī ؓ. He used to fast by day and stand in prayer at night. On the authority of Ḥumayd b. Hilāl, who said: Zayd b. Ṣūḥān used to stand in prayer at night and fast by day. When it was Friday night, he would spend it in worship, and he would almost dislike [its arrival] because of what he endured in it. Salmān learned of what he was doing, so he came to him and said, "Where is Zayd?" His wife said, "He is not here." He said, "I adjure you to prepare food and put on your best clothes, then send for Zayd." Zayd came, and the food was brought forward. Salmān said, "Eat, O Zayd." He said, "I am fasting." He said, "Eat, O Zayd, it will not diminish your religion. The worst pace is the exhausting one. Your eyes have a right over you, your body has a right over you, and your wife has a right over you. Eat, O Zayd." So he ate and abandoned what he had been doing. Zayd was killed on the day of the Camel. He said, "Bury me in my clothes, for I am one who will dispute, and do not wash away any blood from me, and do not remove any garment from me." Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAmr b. Kaʿb b. Taym b. Murrah Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAmr b. Kaʿb b. Taym b. Murrah, known as Abū Muḥammad: His mother was al-Ṣaʿbah bt. ʿAmmār al-Ḥaḍramī, and her mother was ʿĀtikah bt. Wahb b. Quṣayy b. Kilāb. Wahb was the provider of the rifādah to all of Quraysh. Ṭalḥah had children: Muḥammad, known as al-Sajjād, by whom he was given his kunyah, who was killed with him on the day of the Camel, and ʿImrān, whose mother was Ḥamnah bt. Jaḥsh. Mūsā, whose mother was Khawlah bt. al-Qaʿqāʿ b. Maʿbad; al-Qaʿqāʿ was called Tiyyār al-Furāt because of his generosity. Yaʿqūb, who was generous and was killed on the day of al-Ḥarrah, Ismāʿīl, and Isḥāq, whose mother was Umm Abān bt. ʿUqbah b. Rabīʿah. Zakariyyā, Yūsuf, and ʿĀʾishah, whose mother was Umm Kulthūm bt. Abī Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. ʿĪsā and Yaḥyā, whose mother was Suʿdā bt. ʿAwf. Umm Isḥāq married al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, and she bore him Ṭalḥah; then he died leaving her, and al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī married her, and she bore him Fāṭimah, al-Ṣaʿbah, Maryam, and Ṣāliḥ al-Ummahāt. Ṭalḥah was dark-complexioned, with abundant hair that was neither tightly curled nor straight, handsome-faced, with slender earlobes, and he did not dye his hair. On the authority of Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. Ṭalḥah, who said: Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh said: I attended the market of Buṣrā, and there was a monk in his cell saying, "Ask the people of this festival whether there is among them anyone from the sacred precinct." Ṭalḥah said: I said, "Yes, I am." He said, "Has Aḥmad appeared yet?" I said, "Who is Aḥmad?" He said, "The son of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. [This is his month in which he will emerge. He is the last of the prophets. He will emerge from the sacred precinct and emigrate to a place of palm trees, black stones, and salt marshes. Beware lest you be preceded to him.] Ṭalḥah said: What he said fell into my heart, so I went out quickly until I arrived in Makkah. I said: Has there been any event? They said: Yes, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Amīn has claimed prophethood, and Ibn Abī Quḥāfah has followed him. He said: So I went out until I entered upon Abū Bakr and said: You have followed this man? He said: Yes, so go to him, enter upon him, and follow him, for he calls to the truth. Ṭalḥah informed him of what the monk had said. Abū Bakr went out with Ṭalḥah and brought him in to the Messenger of God ﷺ. Ṭalḥah embraced Islam, and he informed the Messenger of God ﷺ of what the monk had said. The Messenger of God ﷺ was pleased by that. When Abū Bakr and Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh embraced Islam, Nawfal b. Khuwaylid b. al-ʿAdawiyyah seized both of them and bound them with a single rope, and Banū Taym did not prevent him. Nawfal b. Khuwaylid was called the Lion of Quraysh. For that reason Abū Bakr and Ṭalḥah were named the Two Companions (al-Qarīnayn). The scholars of the sīrah said: The Messenger of God ﷺ established brotherhood between Ṭalḥah and Saʿīd b. Zayd ؓ, and the Messenger of God ﷺ sent them both to scout for news of the caravan. They went out but missed Badr. The Messenger of God ﷺ allotted them their shares and their rewards, so they were like those who had witnessed it. Ṭalḥah witnessed Uḥud and remained steadfast that day when the people turned away ؓ. On the day of Uḥud, Mālik b. Zuhayr shot at the Messenger of God ﷺ, and Ṭalḥah shielded his hand over the face of the Messenger of God ﷺ. The arrow struck his little finger, and his fingers were paralyzed. He was wounded that day with twenty-four wounds, among them a head wound. When the Messenger of God’s ﷺ front tooth was broken and his face was wounded, Ṭalḥah carried him and retreated backwards with him. Whenever one of the polytheists caught up with him, he fought in his defense until he brought him to the mountain pass. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Ṭalḥah has made [Paradise] obligatory.” From Ṭalḥah b. Yaḥyā, who said: My grandmother Suʿdā bt. ʿAwf al-Murriyyah narrated to me. She said: One day I entered upon Ṭalḥah and said: Why do I see you distressed? He said: I have wealth that has distressed me, so I divided it. I asked her: How much was the wealth? She said: Four hundred thousand [dirhams]. From al-Ḥasan, that Ṭalḥah sold a piece of land of his to ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān for seven hundred thousand [dirhams], and it was brought to him. When it came to him, he said: A man who keeps this in his house overnight, not knowing what affair of God may come upon him, is surely deceived about God. He spent the night while his messengers went back and forth with it through the streets of al-Madīnah until dawn broke, and not a dirham of it remained with him. Ṭalḥah was present on the Day of the Camel. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam shot him and struck his shin. The blood kept flowing. He said: O God, take [retribution] for ʿUthmān from me until he is satisfied. He died at the age of sixty-four. It is also said: sixty-two. Ṭalḥah left in cash two million dirhams and two hundred thousand dinars, and he left abundant goods. His assets and real estate were valued at eighty million dirhams. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ said: I was told that Ṭalḥah left one hundred bahārs, each bahār containing three qinṭārs of gold. I heard that a bahār is a bull’s hide. He died on the Day of the Camel as previously explained. ʿAbd Allāh b. Budayl b. Warqāʾ ʿAbd Allāh b. Budayl b. Warqāʾ ؓ: The Messenger of God ﷺ had sent him to the people of Yemen. He witnessed Ṣiffīn with ʿAlī ؓ and was killed there. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUdays al-Balawī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUdays al-Balawī ؓ: He swore allegiance to the Messenger of God ﷺ under the tree. He narrated from him ﷺ. He witnessed the conquest of Egypt and took a land allotment there. He was the commander of the cavalry that marched from Egypt against ʿUthmān. He was killed in Palestine in this year. He had been imprisoned, then he escaped, and a horseman caught up with him. He said to him: Fear God regarding my blood, for I am one of the Companions of the Tree. He said: There are many trees in the mountain, [and he killed him]. ʿAmr b. Abī ʿAmr b. Ḍabbah, Abū Shaddād ʿAmr b. Abī ʿAmr b. Ḍabbah, Abū Shaddād ؓ: He witnessed Badr and died in this year. Qudāmah b. Maẓʿūn b. Ḥabīb, Abū ʿUmar Qudāmah b. Maẓʿūn b. Ḥabīb, Abū ʿUmar ؓ: He emigrated to the land of Abyssinia in the second emigration. He witnessed Uḥud, the Trench, and all the battles with the Messenger of God ﷺ. He died in this year at the age of sixty-eight. Kaʿb b. Sūr b. Bakr b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Thaʿlabah al-Azdī Kaʿb b. Sūr b. Bakr b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Thaʿlabah al-Azdī ؓ: ʿUmar appointed him judge of al-Baṣrah. The reason for his appointment, from Muḥammad b. Maʿn al-Ghifārī, who said: A woman came to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ and said: O Commander of the Faithful, my husband fasts by day and stands in prayer by night, and I dislike to complain of him while he acts in obedience to God Almighty. He said to her: Your husband is an excellent husband. She kept repeating her words and he kept repeating his answer. Kaʿb al-Azdī said to him: O Commander of the Faithful, this woman is complaining of her husband because he keeps her away from his bed. ʿUmar said to him: Since you understood her speech, judge between them. Kaʿb said: Bring me her husband. He was brought. He said to him: This wife of yours complains of you. He said: In food or drink? The woman said in rajaz verse: O wise judge, whose guidance is right, my friend’s mosque has distracted him from my bed. His asceticism in my resting place is his devotion. His day and night he does not sleep. I do not praise him in the matter of women. So judge the judgment, O Kaʿb, do not reject it. Her husband said: He made me abstinent from her bed and from the bridal canopies, for I am a man distracted by what has been revealed. In Sūrat al-Naḥl and in the seven long ones, and in the Book of God there is great warning. Kaʿb said: She has a right upon you, O man. You should approach her once in every four [nights] for one who has understanding. So give her that and leave aside your excuses. Then he said: God has made lawful for you of women two, three, and four. You have three days and their nights to worship your Lord, and she has one day and night. ʿUmar said: By God, I do not know which of your affairs amazes me more, your understanding of their case or your judgment? Go, for I have appointed you judge of al-Baṣrah. The scholars of the sīrah said: When Ṭalḥah, al-Zubayr, and ʿĀʾishah, ؓ, approached al-Baṣrah, Kaʿb entered a house and plastered it over himself. He made a small opening in it from which he took his food and drink, keeping away from the strife. It was said to ʿĀʾishah: If Kaʿb b. Sūr goes out with you, not one of the Azd will remain behind. She rode to him and called him, but he did not answer. She said: O Kaʿb, am I not your mother? Do I not have a right upon you? He spoke to her. She said: I only want to make peace among the people. He came out, took the muṣḥaf, opened it, and walked between the two rows calling them to what was in it. A stray arrow came and killed him. He was good and righteous, and he has no ḥadīth. Hāshim b. ʿUtbah b. Abī Waqqāṣ Hāshim b. ʿUtbah b. Abī Waqqāṣ, known as al-Mirrāl ؓ: He said: He was the brother of Nāfiʿ b. ʿUtbah and the nephew of Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ. He embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Makkah. He was present with his uncle Saʿd in the war against the Persians at al-Qādisiyyah. When God defeated the enemy and they retreated to al-Madāʾin, Saʿd and the Muslims pursued them. A non-Arab from the people of al-Madāʾin showed Saʿd a ford. They crossed and came to al-Madāʾin and besieged it, and Hāshim was among them. He was killed at Ṣiffīn with ʿAlī ؓ. The Killing of Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah In this year Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah was killed. His father Abū Ḥudhayfah b. ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah b. ʿAbd Shams had been killed on the day of al-Yamāmah, and he left this son Muḥammad. ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān took charge of him and brought him up well. It is said: He had drunk wine and ʿUthmān punished him. Then Muḥammad became devout and devoted himself to worship. He asked ʿUthmān to appoint him to some office. He said: If you were worthy of that, I would appoint you. He said to him: I desire to raid by sea, so permit me to go to Egypt. He permitted him and equipped him. When he arrived there, the people saw his devotion and attached themselves to him and magnified him. He raided with ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd in the expedition of the Masts. Muḥammad used to criticize him and criticize ʿUthmān for appointing him, saying: He has appointed a man whose blood the Messenger of God ﷺ made lawful. ʿAbd Allāh wrote to ʿUthmān: Muḥammad has corrupted the land for me, he and Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr. He wrote to him: As for Ibn Abī Bakr, he will be forgiven for his father and for ʿĀʾishah. As for Ibn Abī Ḥudhayfah, he is my son, my nephew, and my charge. He is a chick of Quraysh. He wrote to him: This chick's feathers have fully grown, and nothing remains but for him to fly. ʿUthmān sent to Ibn Abī Ḥudhayfah thirty thousand dirhams and a camel loaded with clothing. Muḥammad placed it in the mosque and then said: O assembly of Muslims, do you not see that ʿUthmān is trying to deceive me about my religion and bribe me against it! The people of Egypt increased in their veneration of him and in their criticism of ʿUthmān, (and they pledged allegiance to him as their leader). ʿUthmān wrote to him reminding him of his kindness to him, his upbringing of him, and his care for him, saying: You have denied my kindness when I was most in need of your gratitude. That did not stop him from condemning him, inciting the people against him, urging them to march to besiege him, and helping whoever wanted that. When the Egyptians marched against ʿUthmān, he remained in Egypt. ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd b. Abī Sarḥ left it, and he took control of it and secured it. He remained there until ʿUthmān was killed and ʿAlī was given allegiance. Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ agreed to oppose ʿAlī. He marched to Egypt before Qays b. Saʿd arrived as governor. He wanted to enter it but could not. He tricked Muḥammad until he went out from it to al-ʿArīsh with a thousand men and fortified himself there. He set up a mangonel against him until he came down with thirty of his companions and was killed. This statement is nothing, because ʿAlī appointed Qays over Egypt as soon as allegiance was given to him. If Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr had killed Ibn Abī Ḥudhayfah before Qays arrived in Egypt, they would have taken control of it, for there was no governor there to prevent them. There is no disagreement that Muʿāwiyah and ʿAmr's takeover of it was after Ṣiffīn, and God knows best. Another account is given, namely that Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah sent the Egyptians against ʿUthmān. When they besieged him, Muḥammad expelled ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd, ʿUthmān's governor, from Egypt and took control of it. ʿAbd Allāh camped at the borders of Egypt and awaited ʿUthmān's fate. A rider came to him and he asked him. He informed him of the killing of ʿUthmān. He said: To God we belong. He asked him what the people did after him. He informed him of the allegiance to ʿAlī. He said: To God we belong. He said to him: It seems that the rule of ʿAlī equals in your view the killing of ʿUthmān! He said: Yes. He said: I think you are ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd. He said: Yes. He said to him: If you have any need for yourself, then flee, flee. The opinion of the Commander of the Faithful ʿAlī concerning you and your companions, if he gets hold of you, is to kill you or exile you. And after me an amir is coming to you. He said: Who is he? He said: Qays b. Saʿd b. ʿUbādah. ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd said: May God distance Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah, for he rebelled against his cousin and worked against him, though he had taken charge of him, raised him, and been kind to him. He repaid his protection badly and sent men against him until he was killed. Then he appointed over him one who is farther from him than ʿUthmān, and he did not let him enjoy authority over his land for a month, nor did he consider him worthy of that. ʿAbd Allāh went out fleeing until he came to Muʿāwiyah. This account indicates that Qays governed Egypt while Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah was alive, and this is the correct one. It is also said: ʿAmr marched to Egypt after Ṣiffīn. Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah met him with an army. When ʿAmr saw the large number of those with him, he sent to him. They met and gathered. ʿAmr said to him: What you see has happened. I have pledged allegiance to this man, meaning Muʿāwiyah, and I am not pleased with much of his affair. I know that your companion ʿAlī is nobler in soul and precedence than Muʿāwiyah and more entitled to this matter. So agree with me on an appointment where I meet you without an army, you come with a hundred and I come with the like, and we have nothing but swords at close quarters. They promised and made a pact on that and set al-ʿArīsh as the place. ʿAmr returned to Muʿāwiyah and informed him of the matter. When the time came, each of them marched to the other with a hundred men. ʿAmr placed an army behind him to conceal his movement. When they met at al-ʿArīsh, ʿAmr's army advanced on his heels. Muḥammad knew that he had been betrayed. He entered a castle at al-ʿArīsh and fortified himself in it. ʿAmr besieged him and bombarded him with a mangonel until he was taken prisoner. ʿAmr sent him to Muʿāwiyah, who imprisoned him. The daughter of Qaraẓah, Muʿāwiyah's wife, was the paternal cousin of Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah; her mother was Fāṭimah bt. ʿUtbah. She used to prepare food for him and send it to him. One day she sent him files in the food. He filed through his shackles and escaped and hid in a cave. He was captured and killed, and God knows best. It is also said: He remained imprisoned until Ḥujr b. ʿAdī was killed. Then he escaped. Mālik b. Hubayrah al-Sakūnī pursued him, caught him, and killed him out of anger for Ḥujr. Mālik had interceded with Muʿāwiyah for Ḥujr, but he did not accept his intercession. It is also said: When Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr was killed, Muḥammad b. Abī Ḥudhayfah went out with a large group against ʿAmr. ʿAmr gave him a guarantee of safety, then betrayed him and carried him to Muʿāwiyah in Palestine, who imprisoned him. Then he escaped. Muʿāwiyah showed the people that he disliked his escape and ordered his pursuit. ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. Ẓallām al-Khathʿamī pursued him and caught up with him in Ḥawrān in a cave. Wild donkeys came to enter the cave, and when they saw Muḥammad, they shied away from him. There were people harvesting there. They said: By God, there is something about the shying of these donkeys. They went to the cave and saw him. They left him and met ʿUbayd Allāh. He asked them about him and described him to them. They said: He is in the cave. He brought him out and disliked to bring him to Muʿāwiyah lest he set him free. So he struck his neck. He was the maternal cousin of Muʿāwiyah. Among those killed on the Day of the Camel ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUbayd Allāh, the brother of Ṭalḥah, who was a Companion. And ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Qays b. ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy, who was a Companion. And in it was killed al-Muḥriz b. Ḥārithah b. Rabīʿah b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. ʿAbd Shams, who was a Companion, and ʿUmar had appointed him over Makkah, then dismissed him. And in it was killed Muʿarriḍ b. ʿIlāṭ al-Sulamī, the brother of al-Ḥajjāj b. ʿIlāṭ; he was killed fighting alongside ʿAlī. And in it were killed Mujāshiʿ and Mujālid, the two sons of Masʿūd al-Sulamī, fighting alongside ʿĀʾishah; they were Companions. As for Mujāshiʿ, there is no doubt that he was killed in the Battle of the Camel. And ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām al-Asadī al-Qurashī was killed fighting alongside ʿĀʾishah, and his conversion to Islam was on the Day of the Conquest. And in it was killed Hind b. Abī Hālah al-Usayyidī, whose mother was Khadījah bt. Khuwaylid, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ, fighting alongside ʿAlī; and it is said that he died in al-Baṣrah, but the former is more correct. (Al-Usayyidī, with a ḍammah on the hamzah, is an ascription to Usayyid with a doubled yāʾ, and they are a sub-tribe of Tamīm. And Hilāl b. Wakīʿ b. Bishr al-Tamīmī was killed fighting alongside ʿĀʾishah; he was a Companion. And in it was killed Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ, the brother of Muʿawwidh, and they were the two sons of al-Ḥārith b. Rifāʿah al-Anṣārī; they both witnessed Badr, and he was killed fighting alongside ʿAlī; and it is said: he lived and was killed in the Battle of al-Ḥarrah.

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