Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2047

The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib

فَصْلٌ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الْوَارِدَةِ فِي فَضْلِهِ   قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: (مَا وَرَدَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْفَضَائِلِ مَا وَرَدَ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ ) أَخْرَجَهُ الْحَاكِمُ. وَأَخْرَجَ الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلَفَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؛ تُخْلِفُنِي فِي النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ؟! فَقَالَ: «أَمَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنِّي بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى؛ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي؟». وَعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ: «لَأُعْطِيَنَّ الرَّايَةَ غَدًا رَجُلًا يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ؛ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ،  وَيُحِبُّهُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» فَبَاتَ النَّاسُ يَدُوكُونَ لَيْلَتَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ يُعْطَاهَا؟ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ.. غَدَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّهُمْ يَرْجُو أَنْ يُعْطَاهَا، فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟» فَقِيلَ: هُوَ يَشْتَكِي عَيْنَيْهِ، قَالَ: «فَأَرْسِلُوا إِلَيْهِ» فَأُتِيَ بِهِ، فَبَصَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ وَدَعَا لَهُ، فَبَرَأَ حَتَّى كَأَنَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ وَجَعٌ، فَأَعْطَاهُ الرَّايَةَ. يَدُوكُونَ: أَيْ يَخُوضُونَ وَيَتَحَدَّثُونَ. وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: { نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ }..دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيًّا، وَفَاطِمَةَ، وَحَسَنًا، وَحُسَيْنًا فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلِي». [دُعَاءُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِسَيِّدِنَا عَلِيٍّ ؓ ]   وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَرِيحَةَ أَوْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ.. فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ». [أَرْبَعَةٌ يُحِبُّهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ]   وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي بِحُبِّ أَرْبَعَةٍ، وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ يُحِبُّهُمْ» قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؛ سَمِّهِمْ لَنَا، قَالَ: «عَلِيٌّ مِنْهُمْ - يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثًا - وَأَبُو ذَرٍّ، وَالْمِقْدَادُ، وَسَلْمَانُ». وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنِّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ عَنْ حَبَشِيِّ بْنِ جُنَادَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلِيٌّ مِنِّي، وَأَنَا مِنْ عَلِيٍّ». وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: آخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ،  فَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ تَدْمَعُ عَيْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، آخَيْتَ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِكَ، وَلَمْ تُؤَاخِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ أَحَدٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ أَخِي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ». وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: (وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ، وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ إِنَّهُ لَعَهْدُ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ إِلَيَّ أَلَّا يُحِبُّنِي إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يُبْغِضُنِي إِلَّا مُنَافِقٌ). وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، قَالَ: (كُنَّا نَعْرِفُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِبُغْضِهِمْ عَلِيًّا). وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبَزَّارُ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي «الْأَوْسَطِ» عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. وَأَخْرَجَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنَا مَدِينَةُ الْعِلْمِ، وَعَلِيٌّ بَابُهَا». هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ عَلَى الصَّوَابِ، لَا صَحِيحٌ كَمَا قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ، وَلَا مَوْضُوعٌ كَمَا قَالَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمُ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ وَالنَّوَوِيُّ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنْتُ حَالَهُ فِي «التَّعَقُّبَاتِ عَلَى الْمَوْضُوعَاتِ». وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، بَعَثْتَنِي وَأَنَا شَابٌّ أَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ، وَلَا أَدْرِي مَا الْقَضَاءُ، فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِ قَلْبَهُ، وَثَبِّتْ لِسَانَهُ». فَوَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ؛ مَا شَكَّكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ». وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: مَا لَكَ أَكْثَرُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَدِيثًا؟ قَالَ: (إِنِّي كُنْتُ إِذَا سَأَلْتُهُ.. أَنْبَأَنِي، وَإِذَا سَكَتُّ.. ابْتَدَأَنِي). [تَقَدَّمَهُ بِالْقَضَاءِ وَالْعِلْمِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ؓ   وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: (عَلِيٌّ أَقْضَانَا). وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ - ؓ قَالَ: (كُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أَنْ أَقَضَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلِيٌّ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: (إِذَا حَدَّثَنَا ثِقَةٌ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ بِفُتْيَا.. لَا نَعْدُوهَا). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: (كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَتَعَوَّذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ مُعْضِلَةٍ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَبُو حَسَنٍ). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْهُ قَالَ: (لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ يَقُولُ: سَلُونِي إِلَّا عَلِيٌّ). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهَا فَقَالَتْ: (أَمَا إِنَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ بَقِيَ بِالسُّنَّةِ). وَقَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ: (انْتَهَى عِلْمُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى: عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ: (كَانَ لَعَلِيٍّ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ ضِرْسٍ قَاطِعٍ فِي الْعِلْمِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ السِّطَةُ فِي الْعَشِيرَةِ، وَالْقَدَمُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالصِّهْرُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْفِقْهُ فِي السُّنَّةِ، وَالنَّجْدَةُ فِي الْحَرْبِ، وَالْجُودُ فِي الْمَالِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي «الْأَوْسَطِ» بِسَنَدٍ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «النَّاسُ مِنْ شَجَرٍ شَتَّى، وَأَنَا وَعَلِيٌّ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ». [مَا نَزَلَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَمَا خُصَّ بِهِ ؓ   وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: (مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: { يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا } إِلَّا وَعَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُهَا وَشَرِيفُهَا، وَلَقَدْ عَاتَبَ اللَّهُ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي غَيْرِ مَكَانٍ وَمَا ذَكَرَ عَلِيًّا إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: (مَا نَزَلَ فِي أَحَدٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَا نَزَلَ فِي عَلِيٍّ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: (نَزَلَتْ فِي عَلِيٍّ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ آيَةٍ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَزَّارُ عَنْ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَعَلِّي: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُجْنِبَ فِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرُكَ». وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، وَالْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: (كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا غَضِبَ.. لَمْ يَجْتَرِئْ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ إِلَّا عَلِيٌّ).   وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: قَالَ: «النَّظَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ عِبَادَةٌ»، إِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ. وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي «الْأَوْسَطِ» عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: (كَانَتْ لَعَلِيٍّ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ مَنْقَبَةً  مَا كَانَتْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو يَعْلَى عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: (قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: لَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ عَلِيٌّ ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ؛ لَأَنْ تَكُونَ لِي خَصْلَةٌ مِنْهَا.. أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْطَى حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ، قِيلَ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ قَالَ: تَزْوِيجُهُ ابْنَتَهُ، وَسُكْنَاهُ الْمَسْجِدَ، لَا يَحِلُّ لِي فِيهِ مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ، وَالرَّايَةُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ)، وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو يَعْلَى بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: (مَا رَمَدْتُ وَلَا صُدِعْتُ مُنْذُ مَسَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجْهِي، وَتَفَلَ فِي عَيْنِي يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ أَعْطَانِي الرَّايَةَ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو يَعْلَى وَالْبَزَّارُ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ آذَى عَلِيًّا.. فَقَدْ آذَانِي». وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحَبَّ عَلِيًّا.. فَقَدْ أَحَبَّنِي، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّنِي فَقَدْ أَحَبَّ اللَّهَ، وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَ عَلِيًّا... فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي، وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَنِي.. فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَ اللَّهَ». وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ وَالْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ سَبَّ عَلِيًّا.. فَقَدْ سَبَّنِي». وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ وَالْحَاكِمُ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَعَلِيٍّ: «إِنَّكَ تُقَاتِلُ عَلَى تَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ كَمَا قَاتَلْتَ عَلَى تَنْزِيلِهِ». [يَهْلِكُ فِيكَ اثْنَانِ   وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَزَّارُ وَأَبُو يَعْلَى وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: دَعَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: « إِنَّ فِيكَ مَثَلًا مِنْ عِيسَى: أَبْغَضَتْهُ الْيَهُودُ حَتَّى بَهَتُوا أُمَّهُ، وَأَحَبَّتْهُ النَّصَارَى حَتَّى أَنْزَلُوهُ بِالْمَنْزِلِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِهِ». أَلَا وَإِنَّهُ يَهْلِكُ فِيَّ اثْنَانِ: مُحِبٌّ مُفْرِطٌ يُفْرِطُنِي بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيَّ، وَمُبْغِضٌ يَحْمِلُهُ شَنَآنِي عَلَى أَنْ يَبْهَتَنِي. وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي «الْأَوْسَطِ» وَ«الصَّغِيرِ» عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «عَلِيٌّ مَعَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَالْقُرْآنُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، لَا يَفْتَرِقَانِ حَتَّى يَرِدَا عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ». وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ وَالْحَاكِمُ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَعَلِيٍّ: «أَشْقَى النَّاسِ رَجُلَانِ: أُحَيْمِرُ ثَمُودَ الَّذِي عَقَرَ النَّاقَةَ، وَالَّذِي يَضْرِبُكَ يَا عَلِيُّ عَلَى هَذِهِ - يَعْنِي: قَرْنَهُ - حَتَّى تَبْتَلَّ مِنْهُ هَذِهِ» يَعْنِي: لِحْيَتَهُ.. وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: اشْتَكَى النَّاسُ عَلِيًّا، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِينَا خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: «لَا تَشْكُوا عَلِيًّا، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَأَخْشَنُ فِي ذَاتِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ». حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ، لَيْسَ لِي عِلْمٌ بِالْقَضَاءِ. قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ فِي صَدْرِي وَقَالَ: " إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَهْدِي قَلْبَكَ وَيُثَبِّتُ لِسَانَكَ ". قَالَ: فَمَا شَكَكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ بَعْدُ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: عَلِيٌّ أَقْضَانَا، وَأُبَيٌّ أَقْرَؤُنَا لِلْقُرْآنِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: وَالَّذِي أَحْلِفُ بِهِ إِنْ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَأَقْرَبُ النَّاسِ عَهْدًا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ; عُدْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَدَاةً بَعْدَ غَدَاةٍ يَقُولُ: " جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ ؟ " مِرَارًا، وَأَظُنُّهُ كَانَ بَعَثَهُ فِي حَاجَةٍ. قَالَتْ: فَجَاءَ بَعْدُ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ لَهُ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةً، فَخَرَجْنَا مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَقَعَدْنَا عِنْدَ الْبَابِ، فَكُنْتُ مِنْ أَدْنَاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَابِ، فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ، فَجَعَلَ يُسَارُّهُ وَيُنَاجِيهِ، ثُمَّ قُبِضَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانَ أَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ بِهِ عَهْدًا. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ يُثَيْعٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ نُؤَمِّرُ بَعْدَكَ ؟ قَالَ: " إِنْ تُؤَمِّرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَجِدُوهُ أَمِينًا زَاهِدًا فِي الدُّنْيَا رَاغِبًا فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنْ تُؤَمِّرُوا عُمَرَ تَجِدُوهُ قَوِيًّا أَمِينًا لَا يَخَافُ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ، وَإِنْ تُؤَمِّرُوا عَلِيًّا، وَلَا أُرَاكُمْ فَاعِلِينَ، تَجِدُوهُ هَادِيًا مَهْدِيًّا يَأْخُذُ بِكُمُ الطَّرِيقَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ". حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، زَوَّجَنِي ابْنَتَهُ، وَحَمَلَنِي إِلَى دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَأَعْتَقَ بِلَالًا مِنْ مَالِهِ، رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرًّا، تَرَكَهُ الْحَقُّ وَمَا لَهُ مِنْ صَدِيقٍ، رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عُثْمَانَ، تَسْتَحِيهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَلِيًّا، اللَّهُمَّ أَدِرِ الْحَقَّ مَعَهُ حَيْثُ دَارَ ". وَقَدْ وَرَدَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ الْحَقَّ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ، وَفِي كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا نَظَرٌ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُقَاتِلُ عَلَى تَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ كَمَا قَاتَلْتُ عَلَى تَنْزِيلِهِ ". فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَنَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَنَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ خَاصِفُ النَّعْلِ ". وَكَانَ قَدْ أَعْطَى عَلِيًّا نَعْلَهُ يَخْصِفُهُ. وَأَيْضًا حَدِيثَ عَلِيٍّ لِلزُّبَيْرِ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَكَ إِنَّكَ تُقَاتِلُنِي وَأَنْتَ ظَالِمٌ. فَرَجَعَ الزُّبَيْرُ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ بَعْدَ مَرْجِعِهِ فِي وَادِي السِّبَاعِ. وَقَدَّمْنَا صَبْرَهُ وَصَرَامَتَهُ وَشَجَاعَتَهُ فِي يَوْمَيِ الْجَمَلِ وَصِفِّينَ، وَبَسَالَتَهُ وَفَضْلَهُ فِي يَوْمِ النَّهْرَوَانِ، وَمَا وَرَدَ فِي فَضْلِ طَائِفَتِهِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا الْخَوَارِجَ، مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ. تَزْوِيجُ عَلِيٍّ فَاطِمَةَ الزَّهْرَاءَ، ؓ   قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: سَمِعَ رَجُلٌ عَلِيًّا عَلَى مِنْبَرِ الْكُوفَةِ يَقُولُ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَخْطُبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ أَنْ لَا شَيْءَ لِي، ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ عَائِدَتَهُ وَصِلَتَهُ، فَخَطَبْتُهَا، فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ ؟ " قُلْتُ: لَا. قَالَ: " فَأَيْنَ دِرْعُكَ الْحُطَمِيَّةُ الَّتِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ؟ " قُلْتُ: عِنْدِي. قَالَ: " فَأَعْطِهَا ". فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا فَزَوَّجَنِي، فَلَمَّا كَانَ لَيْلَةً دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ: " لَا تُحَدِّثَا شَيْئًا حَتَّى آتِيَكُمَا ". قَالَ: فَأَتَانَا وَعَلَيْنَا قَطِيفَةٌ أَوْ كِسَاءٌ فَتَحَشْحَشْنَا، فَقَالَ: " مَكَانَكُمَا ". ثُمَّ دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَدَعَا فِيهِ، ثُمَّ رَشَّهُ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَيْهَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَمْ هِيَ ؟ قَالَ: " هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، وَأَنْتَ أَعَزُّ عَلَيَّ مِنْهَا ". وَعَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِأَبْسَطِ مِنْ هَذَا السِّيَاقِ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّهُ أَوْلَمَ عَلَيْهَا بِكَبْشٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ سَعْدٍ، وَآصُعٍ مِنَ الذُّرَةِ مِنْ عِنْدِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَأَنَّهُ دَعَا لَهُمَا بَعْدَ مَا صَبَّ عَلَيْهِمَا الْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ فِيهِمَا، وَبَارِكْ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَبَارِكْ لَهُمَا فِي شَمْلِهِمَا ". يَعْنِي الْجِمَاعَ. وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: مَا كَانَ لَنَا إِلَّا إِهَابُ كَبْشٍ نَنَامُ عَلَى نَاحِيَتِهِ وَتَعْجِنُ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى نَاحِيَتِهِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُجَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: وَنَعْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ النَّاضِحَ بِالنَّهَارِ، وَمَا لِي خَادِمٌ عَلَيْهَا غَيْرَهَا. حَدِيثُ الطَّيْرِ  : عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ طَيْرٌ فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ ائْتِنِي بِأَحَبِّ خَلْقِكَ إِلَيْكَ يَأْكُلُ مَعِي هَذَا الطَّيْرَ ". فَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ فَأَكَلَ مَعَهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: غَرِيبٌ، لَا نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ السُّدِّيِّ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: فِي فَضْلِ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ  : عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي نَخْلٍ لَهَا يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْأَسْوَافُ. فَفَرَشَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ صَوْرٍ لَهَا مَرْشُوشٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " الْآنَ يَأْتِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ". فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " الْآنَ يَأْتِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ". فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " الْآنَ يَأْتِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ". قَالَ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ مُطَأْطِئًا رَأْسَهُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الصَّوْرِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ جَعَلَتْهُ عَلِيًّا ". فَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ ذَبَحَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَاةً وَصَنَعَتْهَا، فَأَكَلَ وَأَكَلْنَا، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الظَّهْرُ قَامَ يُصَلِّي وَصَلَّيْنَا، مَا تَوَضَّأَ وَلَا تَوَضَّأْنَا، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ صَلَّى، وَمَا تَوَضَّأَ وَلَا تَوَضَّأْنَا. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيًّا يَوْمَ الطَّائِفِ فَانْتَجَاهُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: لَقَدْ طَالَ نَجْوَاهُ مَعَ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " مَا انْتَجَيْتُهُ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ انْتَجَاهُ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ، لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَجْلَحِ، وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ صُبْحٍ، حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمِّي أُمُّ شَرَاحِيلَ، حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمُّ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَتْ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا فِيهِمْ عَلِيٌّ. قَالَتْ: فَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ رَافِعٌ يَدَيْهِ يَقُولُ: " اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُمِتْنِي حَتَّى تُرِيَنِي عَلِيًّا ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ، إِنَّمَا نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ظَالِمٍ الْمَازِنِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ مُعَاوِيَةُ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ اسْتَعْمَلَ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ. قَالَ: فَأَقَامَ خُطَبَاءَ يَقَعُونَ فِي عَلِيٍّ. قَالَ: وَأَنَا إِلَى جَنْبِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ. قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ، فَقَامَ وَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي فَتَبِعْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: أَلَا تَرَى إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الظَّالِمِ لِنَفَسِهِ الَّذِي يَأْمُرُ بِلَعْنِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ! وَأَشْهَدُ عَلَى التِّسْعَةِ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَلَوْ شَهِدْتُ عَلَى الْعَاشِرِ لَمْ آثَمْ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اثْبُتْ حِرَاءُ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ أَوْ صِدِّيقٌ أَوْ شَهِيدٌ ". قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَنْ هُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ، وَطَلْحَةُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَمَنِ الْعَاشِرُ ؟ قَالَ: قَالَ: أَنَا. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ حُبْشِيِّ بْنِ جُنَادَةَ السَّلُولِيِّ - وَكَانَ قَدْ شَهِدَ حَجَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَلِيٌّ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْهُ، وَلَا يُؤَدِّي عَنِّي إِلَّا أَنَا أَوْ عَلِيٌّ ". حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ بِ " بَرَاءَةٌ " إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ: لَا يَحُجُّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا نَفْسٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ، مَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُدَّةٌ فَأَجَلُهُ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِ، وَاللَّهُ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُ. قَالَ: فَسَارَ بِهَا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: " الْحَقْهُ وَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَبَلِّغْهَا أَنْتَ ". قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَكَى وَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، حَدَثَ فِيَّ شَيْءٌ ؟ قَالَ: " مَا حَدَثَ فِيكَ إِلَّا خَيْرٌ، وَلَكِنْ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ لَا يُبَلِّغَهُ إِلَّا أَنَا أَوْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي ". ذِكْرُ تَقَدُّمِ إِسْلَامِهِ عَنْ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَعَلِيُّ ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ. قَالَ ابنُ الجوزيّ: وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ ابْنَ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ. وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: أَنَّ عَلِيًّا حِينَ دَعَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ كَانَ ابْنَ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: وَيُقَالُ: دُونَ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ، وَلَمْ يَعْبُدِ الْأَوْثَانَ قَطُّ لِصِغَرِهِ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: وَأَصْحَابُنَا مُجْمِعُونَ أَنَّ أَوَّلَ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ الَّذِي اسْتَجَابَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ  ، ثُمَّ اخْتُلِفَ عِنْدَنَا فِي ثَلَاثَةِ نَفَرٍ، أَيُّهُمْ أَسْلَمَ أَوَّلًا، فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَمَا نَجِدُ إِسْلَامَ عَلِيٍّ صَحِيحًا إِلَّا وَهُوَ ابْنُ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةِ سَنَةً.

Translation

✧ Section On the hadiths related concerning his merit Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: “No virtues have been related for any of the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ like those related for ʿAlī ؓ.” Al-Ḥākim cited it. Al-Bukhārī and Muslim cited from Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ: that the Messenger of God ﷺ left ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib behind during the expedition of Tabūk, and he said: “O Messenger of God, are you leaving me behind among the women and children?” He said: “Are you not content to be to me as Hārūn was to Mūsā, except that there is no prophet after me?” And from Sahl b. Saʿd: that the Messenger of God ﷺ said on the day of Khaybar: “I will certainly give the banner tomorrow to a man through whose hands God will grant victory, one who loves God and His Messenger, and whom God and His Messenger love.” The people spent that night wondering which of them would be given it. When morning came, the people went to the Messenger of God ﷺ, every one of them hoping to be given it. He said: “Where is ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib?” It was said: “He is complaining of pain in his eyes.” He said: “Send for him.” He was brought, and the Messenger of God ﷺ spat into his eyes and prayed for him, and he recovered as if he had had no pain, and he gave him the banner. yadūkūna: that is, they discussed and conversed. Muslim cited from Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, who said: When this verse came down: “Let us call our sons and your sons” … the Messenger of God ﷺ called ʿAlī, Fāṭimah, Ḥasan, and Ḥusayn and said: “O God, these are my family.” [The Prophet's ﷺ supplication for our master ʿAlī ؓ] Al-Tirmidhī cited from Abū Sarīḥah or Zayd b. Arqam, from the Prophet ﷺ, that he said: “Whoever I am his mawlā, ʿAlī is his mawlā.” [Four whom God and His Messenger love] Al-Tirmidhī and al-Ḥākim, who declared it authentic, cited from Buraydah, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “God has commanded me to love four, and He has informed me that He loves them.” It was said: “O Messenger of God, name them for us.” He said: “ʿAlī is one of them — he said that three times — and Abū Dharr, al-Miqdād, and Salmān.” Al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn Mājah cited from Ḥabashī b. Junādah, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “ʿAlī is from me, and I am from ʿAlī.” Al-Tirmidhī cited from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ established brotherhood between his Companions, and ʿAlī came with tears flowing from his eyes and said: “O Messenger of God, you have made brotherhood between your Companions but you have not made brotherhood between me and anyone.” The Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: “You are my brother in this world and the Hereafter.” Muslim cited from ʿAlī, who said: “By Him who split the grain and created the soul, it is indeed the covenant of the unlettered Prophet to me that none loves me but a believer, and none hates me but a hypocrite.” Al-Tirmidhī cited from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: “We used to recognize the hypocrites by their hatred of ʿAlī.” Al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ cited it from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Tirmidhī and al-Ḥākim cited from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “I am the city of knowledge, and ʿAlī is its gate.” This is a ḥasan hadith according to what is correct, not ṣaḥīḥ as al-Ḥākim said, and not fabricated as a number of scholars, including Ibn al-Jawzī and al-Nawawī, said. I have explained its status in al-Taʿaqqubāt ʿalā al-Mawḍūʿāt. Al-Ḥākim, who declared it authentic, cited from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent me to Yemen, and I said: “O Messenger of God, you have sent me while I am a young man to judge between them, and I do not know what judgment is.” He struck my chest with his hand and then said: “O God, guide his heart and make firm his tongue.” By Him who split the grain, I have never doubted in a judgment between two people since. Ibn Saʿd cited from ʿAlī that it was said to him: “Why do you have more hadiths than the rest of the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ?” He said: “When I asked him, he informed me, and when I was silent, he began with me.” [He was distinguished in judgment and knowledge above others ؓ] It is cited from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, who said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: “ʿAlī is the best judge among us.” Al-Ḥākim cited from Ibn Masʿūd ؓ, who said: “We used to say that the best judge among the people of Madinah was ʿAlī.” Ibn Saʿd cited from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “When a trustworthy person relates to us a legal opinion from ʿAlī, we do not go beyond it.” It is cited from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, who said: “ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb used to seek refuge with God from a difficult problem for which Abū Ḥasan was not present.” It is cited from him that he said: “None of the Companions used to say, ‘Ask me,’ except ʿAlī.” It is cited from ʿĀʾishah ؓ: that ʿAlī was mentioned in her presence and she said: “Indeed, he is the most knowledgeable of those who remain concerning the Sunnah.” Masrūq said: “The knowledge of the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ ended with ʿUmar, ʿAlī, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd.” ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah said: “ʿAlī had as much as you could wish of incisive knowledge, and he had prominence in his clan, precedence in Islam, marriage ties with the Messenger of God ﷺ, understanding of the Sunnah, courage in war, and generosity with wealth.” Al-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ cited with a weak chain from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “People are from different trees, but I and ʿAlī are from one tree.” [What was revealed concerning him in the Qurʾān and what he was singled out for ؓ] Al-Ṭabarānī and Ibn Abī Ḥātim cited from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “God did not reveal ‘O you who believe’ except that ʿAlī was its chief and its noble one, and God reproached the Companions of Muḥammad in more than one place, but He never mentioned ʿAlī except with good.” Ibn ʿAsākir cited from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “Nothing was revealed in the Book of God, Exalted is He, about anyone like what was revealed about ʿAlī.” Ibn ʿAsākir cited from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “Three hundred verses were revealed concerning ʿAlī.” Al-Bazzār cited from Saʿd, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said to ʿAlī: “It is not lawful for anyone to be in a state of major ritual impurity in this mosque except me and you.” Al-Ṭabarānī and al-Ḥākim, who declared it authentic, cited from Umm Salamah ؓ, who said: “When the Messenger of God ﷺ was angry, no one dared to speak to him except ʿAlī.” Al-Ṭabarānī and al-Ḥākim cited from Ibn Masʿūd ؓ that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Looking at ʿAlī is an act of worship.” Its chain is ḥasan. Al-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ cited from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “ʿAlī had eighteen merits that no one else in this community had.” Abū Yaʿlā cited from Abū Hurayrah, who said: “ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: ʿAlī was given three qualities; if I had one of them, it would be dearer to me than being given red camels. It was said: ‘What are they?’ He said: ‘His marriage to his daughter, his dwelling in the mosque — it is not lawful for me in it what is lawful for him — and the banner on the day of Khaybar.’” Aḥmad and Abū Yaʿlā cited with a sound chain from ʿAlī, who said: “I have not suffered inflammation of the eyes or headache since the Messenger of God ﷺ wiped my face and spat into my eye on the day of Khaybar when he gave me the banner.” Abū Yaʿlā and al-Bazzār cited from Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Whoever harms ʿAlī has harmed me.” Al-Ṭabarānī cited with a ḥasan chain from Umm Salamah, from the Messenger of God ﷺ, that he said: “Whoever loves ʿAlī has loved me, and whoever loves me has loved God, and whoever hates ʿAlī has hated me, and whoever hates me has hated God.” Aḥmad and al-Ḥākim, who declared it authentic, cited from Umm Salamah: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: “Whoever reviles ʿAlī has reviled me.” Aḥmad and al-Ḥākim cited with a sound chain from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī: that the Messenger of God ﷺ said to ʿAlī: “You will fight for the interpretation of the Qurʾān as you fought for its revelation.” [Two will perish because of you] Al-Bazzār, Abū Yaʿlā, and al-Ḥākim cited from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ called me and said: “In you there is a likeness to ʿĪsā: the Jews hated him until they slandered his mother, and the Christians loved him until they placed him in a station that was not his. Indeed, two will perish because of me: an excessive lover who attributes to me what is not in me, and a hater whose hatred of me drives him to slander me.” Al-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ and al-Ṣaghīr cited from Umm Salamah, who said: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: “ʿAlī is with the Qurʾān, and the Qurʾān is with ʿAlī; they will not separate until they return to me at the Ḥawḍ.” Aḥmad and al-Ḥākim cited with a sound chain from ʿAmmār b. Yāsir that the Prophet ﷺ said to ʿAlī: “The most wretched of people are two men: the reddish one of Thamūd who hamstrung the she-camel, and the one who strikes you on this” — meaning his head — “until this” — meaning his beard — “is moistened with it.” Al-Ḥākim, who declared it authentic, cited from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: The people complained about ʿAlī, and the Messenger of God ﷺ stood among us as a preacher and said: “Do not complain about ʿAlī, for by God, he is indeed harsh in the cause of God, or in the path of God.” Another hadith: from Abū al-Bakhtarī, from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent me to Yemen when I was young and had no knowledge of judgment. He said: “He struck my chest and said: ‘God will guide your heart and make firm your tongue.’” He said: “After that I never doubted in a judgment between two people.” It is established from ʿUmar that he used to say: “ʿAlī is the best judge among us, and Ubayy is the best reciter of the Qurʾān among us.” Another hadith: From Umm Salamah, who said: By the One by whom I swear, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib was indeed the closest of people in covenant with the Messenger of God ﷺ. We visited the Messenger of God ﷺ morning after morning, and he would say: “Has ʿAlī come?” repeatedly, and I think he had sent him on an errand. She said: He came later, and I thought he had a need with him, so we left the house and sat by the door, and I was the nearest of them to the door. ʿAlī leaned over him and began to whisper to him and converse secretly with him. Then he passed away that very day, and he was the closest of people in covenant with him. Another hadith: From Zayd b. Yuthayʿ, from ʿAlī, who said: It was said: “O Messenger of God, whom shall we appoint as leader after you?” He said: “If you appoint Abū Bakr, you will find him trustworthy, abstinent in this world, desirous of the Hereafter. If you appoint ʿUmar, you will find him strong, trustworthy, not fearing in God the reproach of any reproacher. If you appoint ʿAlī — and I do not think you will do so — you will find him a guide, rightly guided, who will take you along the straight path.” Another hadith: From ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “May God have mercy on Abū Bakr; he married me to his daughter, carried me to the abode of emigration, and freed Bilāl from his wealth. May God have mercy on ʿUmar; he speaks the truth even if it is bitter, and the truth has left him without any friend. May God have mercy on ʿUthmān; the angels are shy of him. May God have mercy on ʿAlī; O God, turn the truth with him wherever he turns.” It has been related from Abū Saʿīd and Umm Salamah that the truth is with ʿAlī, ؓ, but in each of them there is something to consider. And God knows best. Another hadith: From Abū Saʿīd, who said: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: “Among you there is one who will fight for the interpretation of the Qurʾān as I fought for its revelation.” Abū Bakr said: “Am I he, O Messenger of God?” He said: “No.” ʿUmar said: “Am I he, O Messenger of God?” He said: “No, but it is the mender of the sandal.” He had given ʿAlī his sandal to mend. And also the hadith of ʿAlī to al-Zubayr: that the Messenger of God ﷺ said to you: “You will fight me while you are a wrongdoer.” So al-Zubayr turned back, and that was on the day of the Camel, and then he was killed after his return in the Valley of al-Sibāʿ. We have already presented his patient endurance, resoluteness, and courage on the days of the Camel and Ṣiffīn, and his valor and excellence on the day of al-Nahrawān, and the hadiths related concerning the merit of his party who killed the Khawārij. The marriage of ʿAlī to Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʾ, ؓ Sufyān al-Thawrī said, from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from his father: A man heard ʿAlī on the pulpit of Kufa saying: I wanted to ask the Messenger of God ﷺ for his daughter in marriage, then I remembered that I had nothing, then I remembered his kindness and his connection, so I asked for her. He said: “Do you have anything?” I said: “No.” He said: “Where is your Ḥuṭamī coat of mail that I gave you on such-and-such a day?” I said: “I have it.” He said: “Give it.” I gave it, and he married me to her. When it was the night I entered upon her, he said: “Do not say anything until I come to you.” He said: He came to us while we were under a velvet cloth or a blanket, and we made room for him, and he said: “Stay where you are.” Then he called for a cup of water, invoked over it, and then sprinkled it on me and on her. I said: “O Messenger of God, am I more beloved to you or she?” He said: “She is more beloved to me, and you are dearer to me than her.” And from Ibn Buraydah, from his father, he mentioned it in more detail than this account, and in it is that he held a wedding feast for her with a ram from Saʿd and measures of corn from a group of the Anṣār, and that he supplicated for them after he had poured the water on them, saying: “O God, bless them, bless upon them, and bless for them in their union” — meaning sexual intercourse. And from al-Shaʿbī, who said: ʿAlī said: “We had nothing but a ram's hide; we slept on one side of it, and Fāṭimah kneaded dough on the other side.” In Mujālid's narration from al-Shaʿbī: “And during the day we fed the water-carrying camel on it, and I had no servant for her other than that.” The hadith of the bird: from Anas, who said: The Prophet ﷺ had a bird, and he said: “O God, bring me the most beloved of Your creation to You to eat with me this bird.” ʿAlī came and ate with him. Then al-Tirmidhī said: It is gharīb; we do not know it from the hadith of al-Suddī except through this route. Another hadith on the merit of ʿAlī, ؓ: from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: I went out with the Messenger of God ﷺ to a woman of the Anṣār in a palm grove of hers called al-Aswāf. She spread for the Messenger of God ﷺ beneath a palm tree of hers that had been sprinkled with water, and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Now a man from the people of Paradise will come to you.” Abū Bakr came, then he said: “Now a man from the people of Paradise will come to you.” ʿUmar came, then he said: “Now a man from the people of Paradise will come to you.” He said: I saw him lower his head beneath the palm tree, then say: “O God, if You will, make it ʿAlī.” ʿAlī came. Then the Anṣārī woman slaughtered a sheep for the Messenger of God ﷺ and prepared it, and he ate and we ate. When the time for the noon prayer came, he stood and prayed, and we prayed, and he did not perform ablution, nor did we. When the time for the afternoon prayer came, he prayed, and he did not perform ablution, nor did we. Another hadith: from Jābir, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ called ʿAlī on the day of al-Ṭāʾif and had a private conversation with him. The people said: “His private conversation with his cousin has lasted long.” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “I did not have a private conversation with him, but God had a private conversation with him.” Then he said: This is a ḥasan gharīb hadith; we do not know it except from the hadith of al-Ajlaḥ. And from Jābir b. Ṣubḥ, my mother Umm Sharāḥīl related to me, Umm ʿAṭiyyah related to me, saying: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent an army in which ʿAlī was included. She said: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ while he was raising his hands, saying: “O God, do not let me die until You show me ʿAlī.” Then he said: This is a ḥasan gharīb hadith; we know it only through this route. Another ḥadīth: From ʿAbd Allāh b. Ẓālim al-Māzinī, who said: When Muʿāwiyah left al-Kūfah, he appointed al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah as governor. He said: He set up preachers who reviled ʿAlī. He said: I was beside Saʿīd b. Zayd b. ʿUmar b. Nufayl. He said: He became angry, stood up, took me by the hand, and I followed him. He said: Do you not see this man who wrongs himself, who commands the cursing of a man from the people of Paradise! I bear witness that the nine are from the people of Paradise, and if I were to bear witness about the tenth, I would not be sinning. He said: I said: And what is that? He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Be still, Ḥirāʾ, for upon you is none but a prophet, a ṣiddīq, or a martyr." He said: I said: Who are they? He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, al-Zubayr, Ṭalḥah, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, and Saʿd b. Mālik. He said: I said: And who is the tenth? He said: He said: I am. Another ḥadīth: From Ḥubshī b. Junādah al-Salūlī — and he had witnessed the Farewell Pilgrimage — who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "ʿAlī is from me and I am from him, and none delivers on my behalf except me or ʿAlī." Another ḥadīth: From Abū Bakr, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him with "Barāʾah" to the people of Makkah: "No polytheist shall perform pilgrimage after this year, and no one shall circumambulate the House naked, and none shall enter Paradise except a believing soul. Whoever has a treaty with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, its term is until its appointed time. And Allah is free from disavowal of the polytheists, and His Messenger." He said: He traveled with it for three days, then said to ʿAlī: "Catch up with him and send Abū Bakr back to me, and you convey it." He said: When Abū Bakr came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he wept and said: O Messenger of Allah, has something occurred concerning me? He said: "Nothing has occurred concerning you except good, but I was commanded that none should convey it except me or a man from my household." Mention of the earliness of his Islam From Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father, who said: The Prophet ﷺ was sent and ʿAlī was seven years old. Ibn al-Jawzī said: In another narration, he was eight years old. From al-Ḥasan b. Zayd: That ʿAlī, when the Prophet ﷺ called him to Islam, was nine years old. Al-Ḥasan b. Zayd said: It is also said: less than nine years old, and he never worshipped idols at all because of his young age. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: Muḥammad b. ʿUmar informed us, saying: Our companions are unanimous that the first of the people of the qiblah to respond to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was Khadījah bt. Khuwaylid, then they disagreed among us about three men: which of them embraced Islam first — Abū Bakr, ʿAlī, and Zayd b. Ḥārithah. And we do not find ʿAlī's Islam to be sound except that he was eleven years old.

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