Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2004
The Caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān
كَيْفِيَّةُ قَتْلِ كِسْرَى مِلِكِ الْفُرْسِ وَهُوَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: هَرَبَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ مِنْ كِرْمَانَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ يَسِيرَةٍ إِلَى مَرْوَ، فَسَأَلَ مِنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهَا مَالًا فَمَنَعُوهُ وَخَافُوهُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ، فَبَعَثُوا إِلَى التُّرْكِ يَسْتَنْصِرُونَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَتَوْهُ فَقَتَلُوا أَصْحَابَهُ وَهَرَبَ هُوَ حَتَّى أَتَى مَنْزِلَ رَجُلٍ يَنْقُرُ الْأَرْحِيَةَ عَلَى شَطٍّ، فَأَوَى إِلَيْهِ لَيْلًا فَلَمَّا نَامَ قَتَلَهُ. وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: لَمَّا هَرَبَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ أَصْحَابِهِ انْطَلَقَ مَاشِيًا وَعَلَيْهِ تَاجُهُ وَمِنْطَقَتُهُ وَسَيْفُهُ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى مَنْزِلِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَنْقُرُ الْأَرْحِيَةَ فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَهُ، فَاسْتَغْفَلَهُ وَقَتَلَهُ وَأَخَذَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ، وَجَاءَتِ التُّرْكُ فِي طَلَبِهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ قَدْ قَتَلَهُ وَأَخَذَ حَاصِلَهُ، فَقَتَلُوا ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ وَأَخَذُوا مَا كَانَ مَعَ كِسْرَى، وَوَضَعُوا كِسْرَى فِي تَابُوتٍ وَحَمَلُوهُ إِلَى إِصْطَخْرَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ وَطِئَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ مَرْوَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ، فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْهُ، وَوَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ قَتْلِهِ غُلَامًا ذَاهِبَ الشِّقِّ، وَسُمِّيَ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامُ الْمُخَدَّجُ، وَكَانَ لَهُ نَسْلٌ وَعَقِبٌ فِي خُرَاسَانَ، وَقَدْ سَبَى قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ فِي بَعْضِ غَزَوَاتِهِ بِتِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ جَارِيَتَيْنِ مَنْ نَسْلِهِ، فَبَعَثَ بِإِحْدَاهُمَا إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ، فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ ابْنَهُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، الْمُلَقَّبَ بِالنَّاقِصِ. وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ شُيُوخِهِ: إِنَّ يَزْدَجِرْدَ لَمَّا انْهَزَمَ عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ عَقَرَ جَوَادَهُ، وَذَهَبَ مَاشِيًا حَتَّى دَخَلَ رَحًى عَلَى شَطِّ نَهْرٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْمَرْغَابُ، فَمَكَثَ فِيهِ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَالْعَدُوُّ فِي طَلَبِهِ فَلَمْ يُدْرَ أَيْنَ هُوَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ صَاحِبُ الرَّحَى فَرَأَى كِسْرَى وَعَلَيْهِ أُبَّهَتُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا أَنْتَ ؟ إِنْسِيٌّ أَمْ جِنِّيٌّ ؟ قَالَ: إِنْسِيٌّ، فَهَلْ عِنْدَكَ طَعَامٌ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَأَتَاهُ بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُزَمْزِمٌ فَأْتِنِي بِمَا أُزَمْزِمُ بِهِ. قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ الطَّحَّانُ إِلَى أُسْوَارٍ مِنَ الْأَسَاوِرَةِ فَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ مَا يُزَمْزِمُ بِهِ. قَالَ: وَمَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: عِنْدِي رَجُلٌ لَمْ أَرَ مَثَلَهُ قَطُّ وَقَدْ طَلَبَ مِنِّي هَذَا. فَذَهَبَ بِهِ الْأُسْوَارُ إِلَى مَلِكِ الْبَلَدِ - مَرْوَ - وَاسْمُهُ مَاهَوَيْهِ بْنُ بَابَاهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: هُوَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ، اذْهَبُوا فَجِيئُونِي بِرَأْسِهِ. فَذَهَبُوا مَعَ الطَّحَّانِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْ دَارِ الرَّحَى هَابُوا أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهُ وَتَدَافَعُوا، وَقَالُوا لِلطَّحَّانِ: ادْخُلْ أَنْتَ فَاقْتُلْهُ، فَدَخَلَ فَوَجَدَهُ نَائِمًا، فَأَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَشَدَخَ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ احْتَزَّهُ، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَأَلْقَى جَسَدَهُ فِي النَّهْرِ، فَخَرَجَتِ الْعَامَّةُ إِلَى الطَّحَّانِ فَقَتَلُوهُ، وَخَرَجَ أُسْقُفٌ فَأَخَذَ جَسَدَهُ مِنَ النَّهْرِ وَجَعَلَهُ فِي تَابُوتٍ وَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى إِصْطَخْرَ فَوَضَعَهُ فِي نَاوُوسٍ. وَيُرْوَى أَنَّهُ مَكَثَ فِي مَنْزِلِ ذَلِكَ الطَّحَّانِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَا يَأْكُلُ حَتَّى رَقَّ لَهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: وَيْحَكَ يَا مِسْكِينُ أَلَا تَأْكُلُ ؟ وَأَتَاهُ بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آكُلَ إِلَّا بِزَمْزَمَةٍ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: كُلْ وَأَنَا أُزَمْزِمُ لَكَ. فَسَأَلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ بِمُزَمْزِمٍ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ يَطْلُبُ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْأَسَاوِرَةِ شَمُّوا رَائِحَةَ الْمِسْكِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ، فَأَنْكَرُوا رَائِحَةَ الْمِسْكِ مِنْهُ، فَسَأَلُوهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عِنْدِي رَجُلًا مِنْ صِفَتِهِ كَيْتَ وَكَيْتَ. فَعَرَفُوهُ وَقَصَدُوهُ مَعَ الطَّحَّانِ، وَتَقَدَّمَ الطَّحَّانُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَمَّ بِالْقَبْضِ عَلَيْهِ، فَعَرَفَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: وَيْحَكَ خُذْ خَاتَمِي وَسِوَارِي وَمِنْطَقَتِي وَدَعْنِي أَذْهَبُ مِنْ هَاهُنَا. فَقَالَ: لَا، أَعْطِنِي أَرْبَعَةَ دَرَاهِمَ وَأَنَا أُطْلِقُكَ. فَزَادَهُ إِحْدَى قُرْطَيْهِ مِنْ أُذُنَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ دَرَاهِمَ، فَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ إِذْ دَهَمَهُمُ الْجُنْدُ، فَلَمَّا أَحَاطُوا بِهِ وَأَرَادُوا قَتْلَهُ قَالَ: وَيْحَكُمْ لَا تَقْتُلُونِي فَإِنَّا نَجِدُ فِي كُتُبِنَا أَنَّ مَنِ اجْتَرَأَ عَلَى قَتْلِ الْمُلُوكِ عَاقَبَهُ اللَّهُ بِالْحَرِيقِ فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا هُوَ قَادِمٌ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَا تَقْتُلُونِي وَاذْهَبُوا بِي إِلَى الْمَلِكِ أَوْ إِلَى الْعَرَبِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَسْتَحْيُونَ مِنْ قَتْلِ الْمُلُوكِ. فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ فَسَلَبُوهُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحُلِيِّ، فَجَعَلُوهُ فِي جِرَابٍ وَخَنَقُوهُ بِوَتَرٍ وَأَلْقَوْهُ فِي النَّهْرِ، فَتَعَلَّقَ بِعُودٍ فَأَخَذَهُ أُسْقُفٌ - وَاسْمُهُ إِيلِيَا - فَحَنَّ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَسْلَافِهِ مِنَ الْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى النَّصَارَى الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بِبِلَادِهِمْ، فَوَضَعَهُ فِي تَابُوتٍ وَدَفَنَهُ فِي نَاوُوسٍ. ثُمَّ حَمَلَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحُلِيِّ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَفُقِدَ قُرْطٌ مِنْ حُلِيِّهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى دِهْقَانِ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ فَأَغْرَمَهُ ذَلِكَ. وَكَانَ مُلْكُ يَزْدَجِرْدَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً؛ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ فِي دَعَةٍ وَبَاقِي ذَلِكَ هَارِبًا مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ خَوْفًا مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ. وَهُوَ آخِرُ مُلُوكِ الْفُرْسِ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ؛ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: إِذَا هَلَكَ قَيْصَرُ فَلَا قَيْصَرَ بَعْدَهُ وَإِذَا هَلَكَ كِسْرَى فَلَا كِسْرَى بَعْدَهُ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لِتُنْفَقَنَّ كُنُوزُهُمَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. وَثَبَتَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا جَاءَ كِتَابُ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، مَزَّقَهُ فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ عَلَيْهِ، ﷺ، أَنْ يُمَزَّقَ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ فَوَقَعَ الْأَمْرُ كَذَلِكَ.
Translation
✧ The manner of the killing of Kisrā, king of the Persians, who was Yazdajird Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazdajird fled from Kirmān with a small group to Marw. He asked some of its people for money, but they refused him and feared him for their own lives. So they sent to the Turks seeking their aid against him. They came to him and killed his companions, and he fled until he came to the dwelling of a man who carved millstones on a riverbank. He took refuge with him at night, and when he fell asleep, the man killed him. Al-Madāʾinī said: When he fled after the killing of his companions, he went on foot, wearing his crown, his belt, and his sword. He came to the dwelling of this man who carved millstones and sat with him. The man took him unawares and killed him, taking what was on him. The Turks came in pursuit of him and found that he had killed him and taken his possessions, so they killed that man and his household and took what had been with Kisrā. They placed Kisrā in a coffin and carried him to Iṣṭakhr. Yazdajird had had intercourse with a woman from the people of Marw before he was killed, and she became pregnant by him and gave birth after his killing to a boy with a missing side, and that boy was named al-Mukhadhdhaj. He had progeny and descendants in Khurāsān. Qutaybah b. Muslim, in one of his raids in those lands, captured two slave girls from his progeny. He sent one of them to al-Ḥajjāj, who sent her to al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, and she bore him his son Yazīd b. al-Walīd, nicknamed al-Nāqiṣ. Al-Madāʾinī said in a narration from some of his shaykhs: When Yazdajird's companions were routed from him, he hamstrung his steed and went on foot until he entered a mill on the bank of a river called al-Marghāb. He stayed in it for two nights while the enemy was searching for him and did not know where he was. Then the owner of the mill came and saw Kisrā with his splendor upon him, and said to him: "What are you? Human or jinn?" He said: "Human. Do you have any food?" He said: "Yes." He brought him food, and he said: "I am one who murmurs (muzamzim), so bring me something with which to murmur." He said: The miller went to one of the asāwirah and asked him for something with which to murmur. He said: "What do you need it for?" He said: "I have a man the like of whom I have never seen, and he asked me for this." The uswār took him to the king of the land—Marw—whose name was Māhawayh b. Bābāh, and told him his story. He said: "He is Yazdajird. Go and bring me his head." They went with the miller, and when they drew near the mill-house, they feared to kill him and deferred to one another. They said to the miller: "You enter and kill him." He entered and found him asleep, took a stone, crushed his head with it, then cut it off, and handed it to them. He threw his body into the river. The common people went out to the miller and killed him. A bishop went out, took his body from the river, placed it in a coffin, carried it to Iṣṭakhr, and laid it in a burial niche (nāwūs). It is related that he stayed in the dwelling of that miller for three days without eating, until the miller felt compassion for him and said to him: "Woe to you, poor man, will you not eat?" He brought him food, and he said: "I am unable to eat except with a zamzamah (murmuring)." He said to him: "Eat and I shall murmur for you." He asked him to bring a muzamzim. When he went to seek one for him from some of the asāwirah, they smelled the scent of musk from that man. They found the scent of musk from him strange and asked him, and he told them. He said: "I have a man whose description is such-and-such." They recognized him and went with the miller to him. The miller went ahead and entered upon him and moved to seize him. Yazdajird perceived that and said to him: "Woe to you! Take my signet ring, my bracelets, and my belt, and let me go from here." He said: "No. Give me four dirhams and I will release you." He added one of his two earrings from his ears, but he would not accept until he gave him four dirhams. While they were at that, the soldiers suddenly came upon them. When they surrounded him and wanted to kill him, he said: "Woe to you! Do not kill me, for we find in our books that whoever dares to kill kings, God punishes him with burning in this world, besides what awaits him. So do not kill me, but take me to the king or to the Arabs, for they are ashamed to kill kings." They refused him that, stripped him of the jewelry that was on him, put it in a sack, strangled him with a bowstring, and threw him into the river. He clung to a branch, and a bishop—whose name was Īliyā—took him and felt compassion for him, because of the past kindness of his ancestors to the Christians who were in their lands. He placed him in a coffin and buried him in a burial niche. Then he carried the jewelry that had been on him to the Commander of the Faithful ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān. One earring from his jewelry was missing, so he sent to the dihqān of those lands and fined him for it. The reign of Yazdajird was twenty years: four of them in ease, and the rest of it fleeing from one land to another in fear of Islam and its people. He was the last of the kings of the Persians in this world absolutely, because of the saying of the Messenger of God, ﷺ: "When Caesar perishes, there will be no Caesar after him, and when Kisrā perishes, there will be no Kisrā after him. By Him in whose hand is my soul, their treasures will certainly be spent in the path of God." Al-Bukhārī related it. It is established in the authentic ḥadīth that when the letter of the Prophet, ﷺ, came to him, he tore it up, and the Prophet, ﷺ, prayed against him that he be torn to pieces in every way, and the matter occurred thus.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.